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Skeletal Structure of Kura Bleak, Alburnus Filippii

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Skeletal Structure of Kura Bleak, Alburnus Filippii ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﻋﻠﻮم زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺟﻠﺪ 4، ﺷﻤﺎرة Nova Biologica Reperta 4 (1): 55-64 (2017) 55-64 :1 55/55 ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﻟﯽﮐﻮرا ﮔﻮﻧﮥ (Alburnus filippii (Kessler, 1877 در ﺣﻮﺿﮥ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ درﯾﺎي ﺧﺰر ﻧﺴﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﮏﻣﻬﺮ، ﺳﻬﯿﻞ اﯾﮕﺪري* و ﭘﺮﯾﺎ ﺟﻠﯿﻠﯽ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 22/11/1394/ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 27/1/1396/ ﭼﺎپ: 1396/3/31 ﮔﺮوه ﺷﯿﻼت، ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﺮج، داﻧﺸﮑﺪة ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﮐﺮج، اﯾﺮان [email protected] * ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎت: ﭼﮑﯿﺪه. ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻮﻟﯽﮐﻮرا، Alburnus filippii، از ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة ﮐﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن اﺳﺖ و از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ارس و ﺳﻔﯿﺪرود و ﺗﺎﻻب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺎﻓﯽ در ﺑﺎب وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﮔﻮﻧﮥ A. filippii اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ آن ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪاد 20 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﮥ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﺷﻮﮐﺮ از رودﺧﺎﻧﮥ اﻫﺮﭼﺎي ﺻﯿﺪ و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ در ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﻦ 10 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻓﺮي، ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ رﻧﮓآﻣﯿﺰي و ﺷﻔﺎفﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ A. filippii ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ و ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒﺷﺪة دﯾﮕﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Alburnus A. filippii ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪاي از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﯿﺰﺑﻮدن زاﺋﺪة ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﻓﮑﯽ، وﺟﻮد ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ در زاﺋﺪة ﮐﻮروﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ، ﺑﺮآﻣﺪهﺑﻮدن ﺣﺎﺷﯿﮥ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﻓﮑﯽ ﻻﻣﯽ، ﺑﺎدﺑﺰﻧﯽﺷﮑﻞﺑﻮدن ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﻗﺎﻋﺪهاي ﻻﻣﯽ، ﺗﯿﺰﺑﻮدن ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﻠﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﭘﯿﺶوﻣﺮ، ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺑﻮدن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان زﯾﺮﭼﺸﻤﯽ و وﺟﻮد ﺗﻌﺪاد 11 اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﭘﺘﺮﯾﮕﯿﻮﻓﻮر در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ از دﯾﮕﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ در اﯾﺮان ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي. ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ، اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، اﻫﺮﭼﺎي، ﮐﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن، اﺳﮑﻠﺖ Skeletal structure of Kura bleak, Alburnus filippii (Kessler, 1877), in South Caspian Sea basin Nasrin Nikmehr, Soheil Eagderi* & Pariya Jalili Received 11.02.2016/ Accepted 16.04.2017 / Published 21.06.2017 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran *Correspondent author: [email protected] Abstract. Kura bleak, Alburnus filippii, a member of the family Cyprinidae, is found in the rivers of Aras and Sefidrud, and the Anzali lagoon of Iran. The current study was conducted to provide a detailed osteological description of this sp- ecies since there was not adequate information in this regard. In order to attain this goal, 20 specimens were collected from the Ahar Chay River by electrofishing device, and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The specimens were cleared, stained with alizarin red S and alcian blue for osteological examination and a detailed description of its skeletal structure was provided. The results showed that this species can be distinguished from other members of this genus in Iran by a combination of osteological characters, including having pointed process of the maxillae, dorsal tilting of the coronoid process, protruding of the anterior margin of the hyomandibular, fan-shaped anterior part of the basihyal, pointed end of the pre-vomer posteriorly, small fourth infraorbital and 11 pterygiophors in the dorsal fin. Keywords. Kura bleak, osteology, Ahar Chay, Cyprinidae, skeleton اروﻣﯿﻪ، (A. caeruleus (Heckel, 1843 و A. zagrosensis ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ [ Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 3:43 +0330 on Sunday October 3rd 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.4.1.56 ﺟﻨﺲ Alburnus، ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادة ﮐﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن (Coad, 2009) از ﺣﻮﺿﮥ دﺟﻠﻪ، A. chalcoides (Cyprinidae)، ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪود 38 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، در اروﭘﺎ و ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ (Güldenstaedt, 1772) و(A. filippii (Kessler, 1877 از ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮب آﺳﯿﺎ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ( ;Bogutskaya et al., 2000 ﺣﻮﺿﮥ درﯾﺎي ﺧﺰر، (A. hohenackeri (Kessler, 1877 از Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007). ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﻫﺸﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎي آبﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان و A. mossulensis ﺟﻨﺲ در اﯾﺮان ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرتاﻧﺪ از -Heckel, 1843) Alburnus ami) از ﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎي دﺟﻠﻪ، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺮ، (rkabiri (Mousavi-Sabet et al., 2015 از ﺣﻮﺿﮥ درﯾﺎﭼﮥ درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرﻟﻮ، ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن و ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس ( Jouladeh-Roudbar ﻧﻤﮏ، (A. atropatenae (Berg, 1925 از ﺣﻮﺿﮥ درﯾﺎﭼﮥ et al., 2015). اﻋﻀﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻪواﺳﻄﮥ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺪن ﮐﺸﯿﺪه و ﻧﯿﮏﻣﻬﺮ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران. ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﻟﯽ ﮐﻮرا Nikmehr et al. Skeletal structure of Kura bleak 56/56 ﻓﺸﺮده از ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ، اﻧﺪازة ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ، دﻫﺎن اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ و ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﺎﻫﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﺻﻔﺎت، ﻣﻘﺒﻮل ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﻗﺮار ﺳﺒﯿﻠﮏ، ﻓﻠﺲﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازة ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ، دﻧﺪان ﺣﻠﻘﯽ دو ردﯾﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ (Coad, 2015). ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ، ﻋﻼوهﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل 5,2- 2,5 ﯾﺎ 402- 205 ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮ ﻗﻼﺑﯽﺷﮑﻞ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﻀﺮس، ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺴﯿﻞﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن، در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ- ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﺪون ﺷﻌﺎع ﺿﺨﯿﻢ، ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ، ﯾﮏ ﮐﯿﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ، ﺗﻨﻔﺲ و ﺷﻨﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ (ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﺨﻮان) ﺑﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﻤﯽ و ﻣﺨﺮج از دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ (Coad, 2015) ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ آن ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ (Helfman, 2009). ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه، Alburnus filippii (ﺷﮑﻞ 1) ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﮐﻮﻟﯽ ﮐﻮرا در اﯾﺮان از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ اﺑﺰار ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ارس، ﺳﻔﯿﺪرود و ﺗﺎﻻب اﻧﺰﻟﯽ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ و ﺗﺒﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن اﺳﺖ ( Nasri, 2013; Eagderi ( & et al., 2010 a, b Abbasi et al., 1999; Kiabi et al., 1999; Abdoli). ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ Naderi, 2009)، ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ 3 اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ روﺷﻦﺷﺪن وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه از ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺷﻌﺎع ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ و 7 ﺷﻌﺎع ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ در ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ، 3- 2 ﺷﻌﺎع اﺧﯿﺮاً، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ درﺑﺎب ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ و 13- 9 ﺷﻌﺎع ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ در ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﯽ، 16- 12 ﺷﻌﺎع ﺟﻨﺲ Alburnus ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﺳﺖ (Jalili et al., 2015a, b) ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ در ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﺳﯿﻨﻪاي و 8- 6 ﺷﻌﺎع ﻣﻨﺸﻌﺐ در ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ، 64- 46 اﻣﺎ در ﻣﻮرد وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ A. filippii اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ در ﻓﻠﺲ در ﺧﻂ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ (ﻓﻠﺲﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ ﻣﻮجدار اﺳﺖ و ﻓﻠﺲ- دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان در ردهﺑﻨﺪي و ﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﻀﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ اﺳﺖ)، ﮐﯿﻞ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ ﺑﺮﻫﻨﻪ ﯾﺎ ﻓﻠﺲ- آراﯾﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺎﻓﯽ در دار ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً از ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺨﺮج ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﮥ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ اداﻣﻪ دارد، 43- ﺑﺎرة وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻮﻟﯽ ﮐﻮرا، اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ- 38 ﺳﺘﻮن ﻣﻬﺮه و ﮐﯿﺴﮥ ﺷﻨﺎي ﮔﺮد اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد (Coad, 2015). ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ آن ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ Alburnus ازﻧﻈﺮ آراﯾﻪﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺣﺘﯽ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪاي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﺗﯽ آراﯾﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﺎراﻓﯿﻠﺘﯿﮏﺑﻮدن اﻋﻀﺎي آن ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ (Esmaeili, 2013). ﺑﻪ- ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻼوه، اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي Barbus ،Capoeta و Squalius در ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ در آبﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان دارد و اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً داراي ﺗﻌﺪادي ﮔﻮﻧﮥ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ20 ﻋﺪد ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻮﻟﯽ ﮐﻮرا (ﺷﮑﻞ 1) از رودﺧﺎﻧﮥ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آراﯾﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي اﺳﺖ اﻫﺮﭼﺎي (ﺷﺎﺧﮥ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﮥ ارس) ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﺷﻮﮐﺮ (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al., 2015). ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺪن در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﭘﺲ از ﺑﯿﻬﻮﺷﯽ در ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﮔﻞ ﻣﯿﺨﮏ، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻋﻀﺎي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪواﺳﻄﮥ اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮي رﯾﺨﺘﯽ، در ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﻦ 10 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻓﺮي ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد 12 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ- - اﺳﺎﺳﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺎم در روﻧﺪ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس روش اﺻﻼحﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Mohadasi et al., 2013) و ﺑﻪﻫﻤﯿﻦدﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت (Taylor & Van Dyke, 1985) ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﮥ آﻟﺴﯿﺎنﺑﻠﻮ و آﻟﯿﺰارﯾﻦ- ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ آراﯾﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ رد ﺷﻔﺎفﺳﺎزي و رﻧﮓآﻣﯿﺰي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ [ Downloaded from nbr.khu.ac.ir at 3:43 +0330 on Sunday October 3rd 2021 [ DOI: 10.21859/acadpub.nbr.4.1.56 - Alburnus ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﺳﮑﻨﺮ Epson v600 ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺣﻤﺎم ﮔﻠﯿﺴﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي و رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد ﻋﮑﺲﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ (ﺷﮑﻞ 2). وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪة آراﯾﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻋﻀﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ را ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﻨﺪ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﺳﺘﺮﯾﻮ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ (Leica (MS5 ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ و ﻧﺎمﮔﺬاري ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه در ﻏﯿﺮرﯾﺨﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راﻫﮑﺎر ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. اﺧﯿﺮاً، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار CorelDraw و ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاري ﻗﻄﻌﺎت اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، درﮐﻨﺎر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻠﮑﻮﻟﯽ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ردهﺑﻨﺪي Rojo (1991) و Jalili (2015) ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ در ﻋﻠﻮم زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺟﻠﺪ 4، ﺷﻤﺎرة Nova Biologica Reperta 4 (1): 55-64 (2017) 55-64 :1 57/57 Alburnus filippii ﺷﮑﻞ 1- ﻧﻤﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ . Fig. 1. Lateral view of Alburnus filippii ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺧﻠﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﺣﺪﻗﻪاي ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي ﻗﺮار دارد و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﮥ ﻋﺼﺒﯽ (Neurocranium) در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ A2). اﺳﺘﺨﻮان دراز و ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ اﻃﺮاف ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي ﺧﻠﻔﯽ ﭘﻬﻦ اﺳﺖ و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ و ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﻠﻔﯽ ﭘﻬﻦﺗﺮ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﮥ اﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ (Ethmoid) ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان اﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﭘﻬﻦ و دو ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﯽ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ(Supra-ethmoid)، اﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ (Lateral ethmoid)، در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﻠﻔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎ دو ﻓﺮورﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﯽﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه وﻣﺮ (Vomer)، ﮐﯿﻦاﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ (Kin-ethmoid) و ﭘﯿﺶاﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﭘﺮواﺗﯿﮏ ﯾﮏ ﺣﻔﺮه در زﯾﺮ ﺟﻤﺠﮥ (Pre-ethmoid) اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ B ،A2 و C). اﺳﺘﺨﻮان اﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ (ﺷﮑﻞ A2). ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﻠﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان اﻃﺮاف ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﭘﻬﻦ اﺳﺖ و دو ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﯽ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي دوﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﭘﺲﺳﺮي ﻫﻢﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ دارد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ دارد. ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان وﻣﺮ V ﺷﮑﻞ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺨﺶ اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﻫﺎي دورﭼﺸﻤﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﻓﻮقﭼﺸﻤﯽ ﺧﻠﻔﯽ آن ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي و اﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ (Supraorbital) و ﭼﻬﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﻮان زﯾﺮﭼﺸﻤﯽ (Infraorbital) ﻣﯽﺷﻮد (ﺷﮑﻞ A2). ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان وﻣﺮ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺗﺮ از اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ D2). اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪة ﭼﺸﻢ (Sclerotic) ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ و ﺧﻠﻔﯽ آن اﺳﺖ. دو ﻗﻄﻌﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﭘﯿﺶ- ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﮐﺮة ﭼﺸﻢ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. اوﻟﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان زﯾﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﯽ، اﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ در ﻟﺒﮥ ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ- ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ اﺷﮑﯽ (Lacrimal)، ﺑﺰرگ و ﭘﻨﺞ وﺟﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ و در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ در ﺣﺎﺷﯿﮥ ﺧﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﻘﻌﺮ اﺳﺖ و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﯽ- ﺷﮑﻤﯽ ﯾﮏ زاﺋﺪة ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ دارد. اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان زﯾﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﮐﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان دﯾﻮارة ﻗﺪاﻣﯽ ﺣﺪﻗﮥ ﭼﺸﻢ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﻧﺎﺣﯿﮥ ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ (Otic) ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﻮان اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﮐﯿﻦاﺗﻤﻮﺋﯿﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﻮانﻫﺎي ﻓﮑﯽ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه- آﻫﯿﺎﻧﻪ (Parietal)، اﭘﯽاﺗﯿﮏ (Epiotic)، ﭘﺮواﻧﻪاي (Sphe- اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ A3).
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