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Cabin Air Quality on Non-Smoking Commercial Flights: a Review of Published Data on Airborne Pollutants
CABIN AIR QUALITY ON NON-SMOKING COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS: A REVIEW OF PUBLISHED DATA ON AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS Ruiqing Chen1, Lei Fang2, Junjie Liu1, Britta Herbig3, Victor Norrefeldt4, Florian Mayer4, Richard Fox5 and Pawel Wargocki2* 1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China 2 International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark 3 LMU University Hospital Munich, Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Germany 4 Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP, Holzkirchen Branch, Germany 5 Aircraft Environment Solutions Inc., USA * Corresponding author: email [email protected] Abstract We reviewed 47 documents published 1967-2019 that reported measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on commercial aircraft. We compared the measurements with the air quality standards and guidelines for aircraft cabins and in some cases buildings. Average levels of VOCs for which limits exist were lower than the permissible levels except for benzene with average concentration at 5.9±5.5 μg/m3. Toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, limonene, nonanal, hexanal, decanal, octanal, acetic acid, acetone, ethanol, butanal, acrolein, isoprene and menthol were the most frequently appearing compounds. The concentrations of SVOCs (Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds) and other contaminants did not exceed standards and guidelines in buildings except for the average NO2 concentration at 12 ppb. Although the focus was on VOCs, we also retrieved the data on other parameters characterizing cabin environment. Ozone concentration averaged 38±30 ppb below the upper limit recommended for aircraft. The outdoor air supply rate ranged from 1.7 to 39.5 L/s per person and averaged 6.0±0.8 L/s/p (median 5.8 L/s/p), higher than the minimum level recommended for commercial aircraft. -
China Southern Airlines' Sky Pearl Club
SKY PEARL CLUB MEMBERSHIP GUIDE Welcome to China Southern Airlines’ Sky Pearl Club The Sky Pearl Club is the frequent flyer program of China Southern Airlines. From the moment you join The Sky Pearl Club, you will experience a whole new world of exciting new travel opportunities with China Southern! Whether you’re traveling for business or pleasure, you’ll be earning mileage toward your award goals every time you fly. Many Elite tier services have been prepared for you. We trust this Guide will soon help you reach your award flight to your dream destinations. China Southern Sky Pearl Club cares about you! 1 A B Earning Sky Pearl Mileage Redeeming Sky Pearl Mileage Airlines China Southern Award Ticket and Award Upgrade Hotels SkyTeam Award Ticket and Award Upgrade Banks Telecommunications, Car Rentals, Business Travel , Dining and others C D Getting Acquainted with Sky Pearl Rules Enjoying Sky Pearl Elite Benefits Definition Membership tiers Membership Qualification and Mileage Account Elite Qualification Mileage Accrual Elite Benefits Mileage Redemption Membership tier and Elite benefits Others 2 A Earning Sky Pearl Mileage As the newest member of the worldwide SkyTeam alliance, whether it’s in the air or on the ground, The Sky Pearl Club gives you more opportunities than ever before to earn Award travel. When flying with China Southern or one of our many airline partners, you can earn FFP mileage. But, that’s not the only way! Hotels stays, car rentals, credit card services, telecommunication services or dining with our business-to-business partners can also help you earn mileage. -
2016 Environmental Report
Build Something Cleaner The Boeing Company 2016 Environment Report OUR APPROACH DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURING AND OPERATIONS IN SERVICE END OF SERVICE APPENDIX About The Boeing Company Total revenue in For five straight Currently holds 2015: $96.1 billion years, has been 15,600 active named a top global patents around Employs 160,000 innovator among the world people across the aerospace and United States and in defense companies Has customers in more than 65 other 150 countries countries Established 11 research and For more than a 21,500 suppliers development centers, decade, has been and partners 17 consortia and the No.1 exporter around the world 72 joint global in the United States research centers OUR APPROACH DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURING AND OPERATIONS IN SERVICE END OF SERVICE APPENDIX At Boeing, we aspire to be the strongest, best and best-integrated aerospace-based company in the world— and a global industrial champion—for today and tomorrow. CONTENTS Our Approach 2 Design and Development 18 Manufacturing and Operations 28 In Service 38 End of Service 46 Jonathon Jorgenson, left, and Cesar Viray adjust drilling equipment on the 737 MAX robotic cell pulse line at Boeing’s fab- rication plant in Auburn, Washington. Automated production is helping improve the efficiency of aircraft manufacturing. (Boeing photo) 1 OUR APPROACH DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT MANUFACTURING AND OPERATIONS IN SERVICE END OF SERVICE APPENDIX As Boeing celebrates Our Approach its first century, we are looking forward to the innovations of the next 100 years. We are working to be the most environmentally progressive aero- space company and an enduring global industrial champion. -
The Boeing Company 2012 Annual Report at Boeing, We Aspire to Be the Strongest, Best and Best-Integrated Aerospace- Based Company in the World— for Today and Tomorrow
The Boeing Company 2012 Annual Report At Boeing, we aspire to be the strongest, best and best-integrated aerospace- based company in the world— for today and tomorrow. The Boeing Company Contents Boeing is the world’s largest aerospace Operational Summary 1 company and leading manufacturer Message From Our Chairman 2 of commercial airplanes and defense, space and security systems. The top The Executive Council 7 U.S. exporter, Boeing supports airlines and U.S. and allied government cus- Financial Results 8 tomers in more than 150 countries. Our Form 10-K 9 products and tailored services include commercial and military aircraft, satel- Selected Programs, lites, weapons, electronic and defense Products and Services 122 systems, launch systems, advanced Shareholder Information 129 information and communication sys- Cover photo: The liquid tems, and performance-based logistics Board of Directors 130 hydrogen–powered high- and training. With corporate offices in Company Officers 130 altitude long-endurance Chicago, Boeing employs more than Phantom Eye unmanned 174,000 people across the United aircraft system States and in 70 countries. In addition, Photo above: The new our enterprise leverages the talents of 737 MAX—designed for hundreds of thousands of skilled people maximum efficiency, reliabil- working for Boeing suppliers worldwide. ity and customer appeal Financial Highlights U.S. dollars in millions except per share data 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 Revenues 81,698 68,735 64,306 68,281 60,909 Net earnings 3,900 4,018 3,307 1,312 2,672 Earnings per share* 5.11 5.33 4.46 1.87 3.65 Operating margins 7.7% 8.5% 7.7% 3.1% 6.5% Operating cash flow 7,508 4,023 2,952 5,603 (401) Contractual backlog 372,355 339,657 303,955 296,500 323,860 Total backlog† 390,228 355,432 320,826 315,558 351,926 * Represents diluted earnings per share from continuing operations. -
Aviation Week & Space Technology
STARTS AFTER PAGE 34 Using AI To Boost How Emirates Is Extending ATM Efficiency Maintenance Intervals ™ $14.95 JANUARY 13-26, 2020 2020 THE YEAR OF SUSTAINABILITY RICH MEDIA EXCLUSIVE Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Informa. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Informa Privacy Policy and the Informa Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Violators will be prosecuted to the maximum possible extent. You may not modify, publish, license, transmit (including by way of email, facsimile or other electronic means), transfer, sell, reproduce (including by copying or posting on any network computer), create derivative works from, display, store, or in any way exploit, broadcast, disseminate or distribute, in any format or media of any kind, any of the Digital Material, in whole or in part, without the express prior written consent of Informa. -
Aircraft Accident Report - ?An American World Airways, Inc., Being 707-3215, Nk54a, ?Ago Pago, American Samoa, January 30, 1974
. ,. ... , . ., ......... :. ..-. ... U.S. DEPARTMEHT OF COMMERCE Natiml Technical Informatin Smite .. NTlSUB/C/104-007 Aircraft Accident Report - ?an American World Airways, Inc., being 707-3215, Nk54A, ?ago Pago, American Samoa, January 30, 1974 National Transportation Safety Board, \bicshin(pton, D.C. 6 Od 77 . ....... ...... %/ ,, ;,' I- Report No. 9. Performing OGanization Name and Address tiationul Transportation Safety Board Uureau of Accident Investigation, I Waahingron; D.Q .--2UW I3.Type of Report and - Period Covered l2.Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Aircraft Accident Report N'4TTIOIIAL TRANS?ORTATION SAFETY BOARD January 30, 1974 Washington, 0. C. 20534 1b.Sponsoring Agency Code . The following report reflects the findings of the National Transportation Safety Board's reinvcstigatian. 'Illis report supercedes and rrplaces .- About :3:tl, American Samoa standard.time, on January 30. 1974, Pan American World Airways Flight 806 crashrJ 3,365 fcc? short of runway 5 at Pago Paso Tnternationnl Airport. 'lhe flight was making an 1LS approach at night. Of the 101 persons aboard the aircraft, only 5 survived the accident. One survivor died of injwics 9 days aftor the accident. The aircraft vas destruved by impact ar;d fire. The National Transpirtation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the accident vas the flightcrew's late recognition md failure to correct i? a tinely manner an excessive descent rate wbic!? developed as a resnlt of the alrcrnft's penetratiun through dcstabillzing wind changes. The winds consisted of horizontal and vertical components produced by a heavy rsinrstoxm and infl-mced hy uneven terrain clanr LO the aircralt's approach pn;h. The captain's recogn'ltion was hampered by restricted visibiLi.ty, the illusory effecw of a "blackhole" approach, inadequate nonitocing of flight instruments, and the&il.ure of the crew to call out descelr rate during the last i5 seconds of flighg ,. -
Accident Prevention March 1994
F L I G H T S A F E T Y F O U N D A T I O N Accident Prevention Vol. 51 No. 3 For Everyone Concerned with the Safety of Flight March 1994 Inadvertent Inflight Slat Deployment on MD-11 Results in Two Fatalities, 156 Injuries Inadequate flap/slat handle design, lack of pilot training in recovery from high-altitude upsets and lack of seat-belt usage cited in U.S. official report. by Russell Lawton Aviation Consultant An inadvertent slat deployment on a China Eastern Air- “the inadequate design of the flap/slat actuation handle lines McDonnell Douglas MD-11 while in cruise flight by the Douglas Aircraft Company [DAC] that allowed has resulted in a U.S. Federal Aviation Administration the handle to be easily and inadvertently dislodged from (FAA) airworthiness directive (AD) to prevent future the UP/RET position, thereby causing extension of the occurrences, and in an expedited review to redesign the leading edge slats during cruise flight. The captain’s at- flap/slat actuation system on the MD-11. Of the 235 tempt to recover from the slat extension, given the reduced occupants, two passengers died, and 149 other passen- longitudinal stability and the associated light control-force gers and seven crew members received various injuries characteristics of the MD-11 in cruise flight, led to several after several violent pitch oscillations resulting from the violent pitch oscillations.” slat deployment. The report stated, “Contributing to the violence of the pitch China Eastern Airlines Flight 583 (CES 583) was a scheduled oscillations was the lack of specific MD-11 pilot training international passenger flight from Shanghai, China, to in recovery from high-altitude upsets, and the influence of Los Angeles, California, on April 6, 1993. -
FLYHT 2019 July Investor Presentation
July 2019 FLYHT Aerospace Solutions Ltd. TSX.V: FLY OTCQX: FLYLF 1 TSX.V: FLY OTCQX: FLYLF Disclaimer www.flyht.com Forward Looking Statements This discussion includes certain statements that may be deemed “forward-looking statements” that are subject to risks and uncertainty. All statements, other than statements of historical facts included in this discussion, including, without limitation, those regarding the Company’s financial position, business strategy, projected costs, future plans, projected revenues, objectives of management for future operations, the Company’s ability to meet any repayment obligations, the use of non-GAAP financial measures, trends in the airline industry, the global financial outlook, expanding markets, research and development of next generation products and any government assistance in financing such developments, foreign exchange rate outlooks, new revenue streams and sales projections, cost increases as related to marketing, research and development (including AFIRS 228), administration expenses, and litigation matters, may be or include forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on a number of reasonable assumptions regarding the Canadian, U.S., and global economic environments, local and foreign government policies/regulations and actions and assumptions made based upon discussions to date with the Company’s customers and advisers, such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward- looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include production rates, timing for product deliveries and installations, Canadian, U.S., and foreign government activities, volatility of the aviation market for the Company’s products and services, factors that result in significant and prolonged disruption of air travel worldwide, U.S. -
Qtr 01 15 a Quarterly Publication Brought to You by the Boeing Edge
QTR_01 15 A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE BOEING EDGE Take Our Readership Survey See page 3 Building Better Communication Advanced Ultrasonic Inspection Preventing Loss of Control in Flight Commercial Operations on Runways with Arresting Systems Cover photo: 737-800 Vertical Fin Assembly AERO Contents 03 Building Better Communication: Readership Survey You have an opportunity to provide input that will help shape future issues of AERO. 05 AERO Advanced Ultrasonic Readership Survey Inspection Boeing has introduced advanced Share your opinions, ultrasonic inspection techniques that insights, and ideas at provide operators with significant www.boeing.com/aerosurvey . cost improvements over traditional 05 ultrasonic testing technologies. 09 Preventing Loss of Control in Flight A multiyear industry analysis of loss-of control–in-flight events generated feasible solutions in areas of training, operations, and airplane design. 17 Commercial Operations on Runways with Arresting Systems Airports with joint commercial and military operations are often equipped with runway arresting systems for tactical military air- 09 craft. Airlines working closely with airports can take steps to ensure safe commercial operations in these situations. 17 01 WWW.BOEING.COM/BOEINGEDGE/AEROMAGAZINE Issue 57 _Quarter 01 | 2015 AERO Publisher Design Cover photography Editorial Board Chris Villiers Methodologie Jeff Corwin Don Andersen, Gary Bartz, Richard Breuhaus, David Carbaugh, Laura Chiarenza, Justin Hale, Darrell Hokuf, Al John, Doug Lane, Jill Langer, -
Boeing 787 Dreamliner Video System Advanced, Integrated Security and Surveillance Solutions for Modern Airplanes Photo Courtesy Boeing
Boeing 787 Dreamliner Video System Advanced, integrated security and surveillance solutions for modern airplanes Photo courtesy Boeing ™ Cabin Video Monitoring UTC Aerospace Systems provides one of the most advanced airplane security and surveillance systems in commercial transport. The Cabin Video Monitoring System (CVMS) provides video and audio surveillance capability through the deployment of up to 16 covertly mounted digital cameras that also contain an integrated microphone. The cabin video can be viewed real-time and/or recorded. Flight Deck Entry Video Surveillance System cameras can also be integrated into the CVMS to provide the flight crew with comprehensive, situational awareness of all on-airplane systems. Equipment CVMS Benefits & Features • Up to 12 8410P1 Series Internet Protocol (IP) cameras provide • Enables real-time audio and video cabin monitoring color or monochromatic images and digital audio and video • IP cameras allow transition from analog to all-digital system, customizable to meet installation requirements • 8930A1 series Digital Video Recorder (DVR) • System accessed by Class 3 EFB system or via Ground Access • 256GB removable solid state memory Panel • Digital Video Recorder (DVR) capability CVMS P/N Table • Flight deck notified of CVMS activation via Engine Indicating and Crew-Alerting System (EICAS) “Cabin Alert” message IP Camera 8410P1 series Digital Video Recorder (DVR) 8930A1 series Digital Video Recorder Storage Memory 8732C1 series Security Camera Interface Unit (SCIU) 8730B2 series CVMS Client Application 8410P1 Series Camera Specifications Video Signal Dual Stream MPEG-4 (H.264) and MJPEG over Ethernet (RTP/RTSP) Video Format Color or Monochromatic Resolution 640 x 480 pixels Field of View 50º horizontal / 37.5º vertical Frame Rate 1 - 30 FPS configurable Power Consumption 2.5W max. -
Airbus Develops New A380 Cabin Enablers, Including “New Forward Stairs” Option
Airbus develops new A380 cabin enablers, including “New Forward Stairs” option By Melissa Silva on April, 10 2017 | Inflight Entertainment Airbus is developing a full spectrum of new cabin enablers for customers of its flagship A380 airliner. The latest is the “New Forward Stairs” (NFS) option, which was presented last week at the Aircraft Interiors Expo (AIX) in Hamburg. Together these cabin enhancements will make the already efficient and comfortable airliner even better: Overall cabin optimization is expected to result in the freeing-up of more cabin floor space for around 80 additional passengers, bringing airlines significant additional revenues. “Continuous improvement of our products is our daily work," said Dr. Kiran Rao, EVP of Strategy and Marketing at Airbus Commercial Aircraft. "This new package for our A380 customers is a smart way to meet airline needs while improving the A380 economics with additional revenues and innovating in passenger comfort.” Dr. Rao added: “Only the A380 has the economies of scale and development potential to efficiently solve the problem of increasing congestion at large airports while providing the best comfort for passengers. The aircraft can also serve fast growing markets and airlines' regional airports, so we are adapting the aircraft to meet evolving market needs.” With this latest proposal of the NFS option, the package of new cabin enablers for the A380 now comprises the following: 1 Copyright DutyFree Magazine. All rights reserved. New Forward Stairs — 20 more passengers (Business, Premium Economy and Economy Classes) The NFS involves relocation of the forward stair from door 1 to door 2, and combining the entrance of the NFS to the upper deck (going up), with the adjacent staircase to the lower-deck crew-rest (going down). -
MEDICAL GUIDELINES for AIRLINE TRAVEL 2Nd Edition
MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR AIRLINE TRAVEL 2nd Edition Aerospace Medical Association Medical Guidelines Task Force Alexandria, VA VOLUME 74 NUMBER 5 Section II, Supplement MAY 2003 Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel, 2nd Edition A1 Introduction A1 Stresses of Flight A2 Medical Evaluation and Airline Special Services A2 Medical Evaluation A2 Airline Special Services A3 Inflight Medical Care A4 Reported Inflight Illness and Death A4 Immunization and Malaria Prophylaxis A5 Basic Immunizations A5 Supplemental Immunizations A5 Malaria Prophylaxis A6 Cardiovascular Disease A7 Deep Venous Thrombosis A8 Pulmonary Disease A10 Pregnancy and Air Travel A10 Maternal and Fetal Considerations A11 Travel and Children A11 Ear, Nose, and Throat A11 Ear A11 Nose and sinuses A12 Throat A12 Surgical Conditions A13 Neuropsychiatry A13 Neurological A13 Psychiatric A14 Miscellaneous Conditions B14 Air Sickness B14 Anemia A14 Decompression Illness A15 Diabetes A16 Jet Lag A17 Diarrhea A17 Fractures A18 Ophthalmological Conditions A18 Radiation A18 References Copyright 2003 by the Aerospace Medical Association, 320 S. Henry St., Alexandria, VA 22314-3579 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1984. Medical Guidelines for Airline Travel, 2nd ed. Aerospace Medical Association, Medical Guidelines Task Force, Alexandria, VA Introduction smoke, uncomfortable temperatures and low humidity, jet lag, and cramped seating (64). Nevertheless, healthy Each year approximately 1 billion people travel by air passengers endure these stresses which, for the most on the many domestic and international airlines. It has part, are quickly forgotten once the destination is been predicted that in the coming two decades, the reached.