SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2012/13

Tourism Tourism

South Africa's status as a premier global leisure destination is firmly established. The country has the capability and the means, the welcom- Tourism ing culture, the diversity and the scenic beauty that the world’s travellers are looking for when they choose a destination. In addition, South Africa’s tourism sector is emerging as one of the most important pillars of the country’s economy in terms of growth and competition with other emerging world economies. This industry contributes signific- antly towards creating employment, growing the economy and developing entrepreneurs. It presents opportunities for self-employment, contributing to rural and urban development and foreign exchange earnings. The purpose of the Department of Tour- ism is to be a catalyst for tourism growth and development in South Africa, as well as drive the National Tourism Sector Strategy (NTSS), which was adopted in 2011. To this end, the department has established an International Tourism Management Branch to provide strategic, political and policy direction for the development of South Africa’s tourism potential throughout the world. Furthermore, public and stakeholder par- ticipation has been concluded, and the draft Tourism Bill has been developed as a legal framework and introduced in Parliament. During the last five years, South Africa has outpaced the growth of all competitor locations in the leisure arrivals category. Foreign direct spend in rand terms has grown faster than arriv- als, with an 11% per year growth rate. International tourist arrivals in South Africa grew by 10,2% year-on-year to almost 9,2 mil- lion in 2012, more than double the global average of around 4%. In 1993, South Africa received a mere 3,4 million foreign visitors. By 2012, the figure had grown by 300% to 13,5 mil- lion visitors, of which 9,2 million were tourists. Europe remained the highest source of over- seas tourists to South Africa in 2012, with arriv- als growing by 9,5% year-on-year to 1 396 978 tourists, and the United Kingdom (UK) holding its position as South Africa's biggest overseas tourism market: 438 023 UK tourists travelled to South Africa in 2012, a 4,2% increase from 2011.

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The United States of America (USA) was South Africa's second biggest overseas mar- In June 2012, CNNGo, the travel wing of CNN ket, with the numbers up by 13,6% to 326 643 International, listed as one of the tourists, followed by Germany in third place, up World's 10 Most Loved Cities, alongside cities 13% to 266 333 tourists. France, up 16% to such as Barcelona, New York, Paris, San Fran- cisco, Montreal and Tokyo. According to CNNgo, 122 244 tourists in 2012, is now South Africa's Cape Town was chosen because of its "sweet fifth biggest overseas market. harbour, nice architecture, weather, lovely water- The biggest growth in 2012 came from Asia front shopping and the wonder of wonders, Table and South America, driven by large increases Mountain." Tourism contributes over 10% to the in arrivals from South Africa's BRICS partners region’s gross domestic product. During 2012, Brazil, Russia, India and China. Since 2009, there was a 14% increase in international tourism arrivals from China have more than tripled, arrivals at Cape International Airport. while arrivals from Brazil and India, respect- ively, have more than doubled. social, economic and environmental benefit China became South Africa's fourth biggest of South African citizens. With that in mind, overseas market at 132 334 tourists last year, the Bill boasts five key objectives, namely: up 55,9% on 2011 figures, while Indian arrivals - promoting the practice of responsible tour- grew by 18,2% to 106 774 visitors, and Brazil- ism ian arrivals grew by 44,7% to 78 376 visitors. - providing for the effective marketing of Africa remained the pillar of South Africa's South Africa, both domestically and inter- tourism economy, with growth from the conti- nationally nent up by 8,5%. - promoting quality tourism products and From an African continental perspective, services Nigeria and Tanzania were two of the contin- - promoting the growth and development of ent’s biggest growth markets during the past the sector financial year, with tourist arrivals from these - effective intergovernmental relations in two countries growing by 37,5% and 45,8%, developing and managing tourism respectively. • The Tourism Act, 1993 (Act 72 of 1993) pro- Business tourism has also increased, espe- vides for: cially since the establishment of the country's - promoting tourism to and in South Africa first South African National Convention Bureau - regulating and rationalising the tourism (SANCB) as a business unit under South industry African Tourism (SAT). For the next five years, - implementing measures aimed at the South Africa has already secured over 200 maintenance and enhancement of the international conferences, which are estimated standards of facilities and services hired to attract 300 000 delegates and provide an out or made available to tourists economic boost of more than R1,6 billion. - coordinating and rationalisating the activ- Foreign tourists spent a total of R76,4 billion ities of people who are active in the tour- in South Africa in 2012, up 7,6% on the total ism industry foreign direct spend in the country in 2011. - establishing a board with legal powers - authorising the Minister of Tourism to Legislation and policies establish a grading and classification The Department of Tourism operates under the scheme in respect of accommodation following legislation and policies. establishments • The Tourism Bill 2012 was presented to - authorising the Minister to establish the Portfolio Committee in February 2013. schemes for prescribed sectors of the The Bill’s provides for the development and tourism industry promotion of sustainable tourism for the - registering tourist guides

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- prohibiting any person to act for gain as a tourist guide unless he has been regis- During 2011/12, the Department of Tourism tered as a tourist guide in terms of the Act developed the Heritage and Cultural Tourism - authorising the Minister to make regula- Strategy, as well as the Rural Tourism Strategy. tions. The former aims to mainstream heritage and cul- tural resources into the ambit of tourism, thereby enhancing the country’s competitive edge as a Budget and funding tourist destination. The Rural Tourism Strategy The NTSS seeks to increase tourism’s total will in turn focus on ensuring a more even geo- direct and indirect contribution to the economy graphic spread of tourism, with more emphasis from R189,4 billion in 2009 to R318,2 billion in on supporting tourism growth in rural areas in 2015 and R499 billion in 2020. particular, with more rural community involve- To ensure the achievement of the sec- ment. tor’s targets, the department will support the implementation of the NTSS and work towards to provide support to the department’s internal increasing the number of foreign arrivals from audit unit. 9 933 966 in 2009 to 12 068 030 by 2015, and increasing the number of domestic tour- Role players ists from 14 600 000 in 2009 to 16 000 000 by 2015. South African Tourism (SAT) The department's spending focus over the SAT is mandated to market South Africa inter- medium term is on increasing the number of nationally as a preferred tourism destination, to tourists from other African countries. maximise the economic potential of tourism for Expenditure increased from R1,2 billion in the country and its people. 2008/09 to R1,3 billion in 2011/12, at an aver- SAT encourages the trade to take domestic age annual rate of 1,7%, mainly due to alloca- tourism seriously; to target products, experi- tions for the refurbishment of an office building ences and marketing campaigns at domestic acquired in 2011/12, and for the implementa- tourists and to creatively manage products and tion of the Tourism 2010 Plan, which enabled services to meet the specific consumer needs South Africa to meet its obligations to FIFA. of domestic tourists. These allocations also explain the growth The It’s Here, Vaya Mzansi Campaign is an in spending on goods and services, which industry-wide campaign that relies on collab- increased from R75,5 million to R127,7 million oration and partnership from the wider industry between 2008/09 and 2011/12, at an average for success and to grow domestic leisure travel annual rate of 19%. to meet targets. Over the medium term, expenditure is Its website, www.vayamzansi.co.za, offers expected to increase to R1,6 billion at an aver- more than 100 special offers and leisure deals age annual rate of 7,7%. This increase is mainly to domestic tourists. They include experiences due to an additional allocation of R218 million across South Africa that offer excellent value for SAT to expand tourism from Africa. for money. The department received additional alloca- SAT has partnered with more than 50 tourism tions of R4,7 million in 2012/13, R5,1 million companies in South Africa to create discount in 2013/14 and R5,6 million in 2014/15 for vouchers ranging from tour-operator services, improved conditions of service. A Cabinet- accommodation and experiences including approved baseline cut of R1,3 million in wine-tasting, canopy tours and hiking. 2012/13, R667 000 in 2013/14, and R831 000 in 2014/15 was also made. Tourism Enterprise Partnership (TEP) Between 2012/13 and 2014/15, R29,6 mil- TEP is a non-profit company that facilitates lion was allocated for spending on consultants the growth, development and sustainability

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of small tourism businesses. This is achieved Funding for TEP’s Small Tourism Business through a number of products and services Development interventions is provided by the that provide hands-on, step-by-step support National Department of Tourism as well as the and guidance, ultimately leading to improved Business Trust, the Tourism Micro Enterprises product quality, operational efficiency and Support Fund (a sister company that provides market reach. funding specifically for the support of micro enterprises), global financial services company In 2012/13, 25 South African beaches were Credit Suisse, and the Eastern Cape Develop- awarded Blue Flag status. The Blue Flag is a ment Corporation. voluntary eco-label awarded to approximately In 2011/12, TEP trained over 3 500 tourism 3 650 beaches and marinas in 46 countries individuals, assisted small tourism businesses across Europe, South Africa, Morocco, Tunisia, to create over 5 000 jobs and increased their New Zealand, Brazil, Canada and the Caribbean revenue by just under R500 million. for excelling in safety, cleanliness, water quality, provision of amenities and maintenance of envir- Tourism Indaba onmental standards. The Tourism Indaba is an annual event that The following South African beaches received Blue Flag accreditation: takes place in Durban. It is one of the largest Eastern Cape tourism marketing events in Africa and one of • Dolphin Beach, Jeffrey’s Bay the top three events of its kind in the world. It • Humewood Beach, Port Elizabeth showcases a wide variety of Southern Africa’s • Kariega Beach, Kenton-on-Sea best tourism products, and attracts interna- • Kelly’s Beach, Port Alfred tional visitors and media from across the world. • Robberg 5 Beach, More than 13 000 delegates from around KwaZulu-Natal the world attended the event in 2012. Approx- • Lucien Beach, South Coast imately 1 800 exhibitors showcased new prod- • Marina/San Lameer Beach, South Coast ucts reflecting the latest global trends in tour- • Ramsgate Beach, South Coast • Trafalgar Beach, South Coast ism, while representatives of influential industry • Umzumbe (Pumula) Beach, South Coast stakeholders with more than 200 international Northern Cape hosted buyers were guests at the event. • McDougalls Bay Beach, Port Nolloth The 2013 Tourism Indaba was a four-day event, from 11 to 14 May 2013. • Bikini Beach, Gordon’s Bay • Camps Bay Beach, Cape Town Meetings Africa • Clifton 4th Beach, Cape Town Meetings Africa is an annual exhibition that • Grotto Beach, Hermanus serves as SAT’s marketing platform to expose • Beach, local and international buyers to the range • Hawston Beach, near Hermanus • Kleinmond Beach, Kleinmond of services and products in southern Africa’s • Llandudno, Cape Town MICE (meetings, incentives, conference and • Lappiesbaai Beach, exhibitions) industry. • Mnandi Beach, Cape Town It is the biggest business-to-business tour- • Muizenberg Beach, Cape Town ism exhibition on the African continent. The • Santos Beach, Mossel Bay 2012 event introduced the industry to the • Strandfontein Beach, Cape Town SANCB, an entity that provides a strategic and • Beach, mouth of the operational platform from which to boost the • Silwerboom Beach, West Coast country’s business tourism global competitive- The Blue Flag Programme is owned and run by ness. the non-government, non-profit organisation the Foundation for Environmental Education. The bureau is central to South Africa’s ambi- tion to leverage the global opportunities to

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remain Africa’s number one host of meetings Theta comprises the following chambers: and conferences. • hospitality The bureau has set a 2012/13 target of sup- • conservation and tourist guiding porting at least 30 bids for new international • sport, recreation and fitness meetings, with a potential of 18 000 delegates • tourism and travel services and R162 million in direct economic spend. • gaming and lotteries. Meetings Africa 2013 saw a record number Every chamber has its own committee that of hosted buyers and brisk business, as well helps Theta to identify industry needs. as regional cooperation to grow Africa’s share As a Seta, Theta’s main function is to con- of the global business events market. Almost tribute to raising skills, or bringing skills to the 9 000 meetings were held over the two days employed or those wanting to be employed and 2 884 delegates attended. in their sector. This is done by ensuring that There were 300 international, regional and people learn skills that are needed by employ- local buyers in attendance, 30% more than last ers and communities. year. The Indian market was best represented from a buyer perspective. There were more Tourism Grading Council of South than 30 buyers from India, 20 from the USA Africa (TGCSA) and Canada, 13 from China, nine from Brazil, In June 2012, the Minister of Tourism, and eight from Germany and Russia, respect- Mr Marthinus van Schalkwyk, announced the ively. appointment of the new Awards Committee of There were also buyers from Argentina, Aus- the TGCSA. tralia, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, The committee is responsible for oversee- Hungary, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, ing the implementation and management of Pakistan, the Philippines, Poland, Spain, Swe- the TGCSA’s grading system, South Africa’s den, the United Arab Emirates, the UK and the only officially recognised system for the star- Ukraine. grading of accommodation establishments. Establishments are assessed according to Tourism, Hospitality and Sport the type of accommodation they provide. There Education and Training Authority are currently nine types of establishments: (Theta) • formal service accommodation (hotels, Theta is the sector education and training lodges) authority (Seta) established under the Skills • self-catering Development Act, 1998 (Act 97 of 1998), for the • backpacker and hostelling tourism, hospitality and sport economic sector. • caravans and camping • meetings, exhibitions and special events. About 1 160 properties have entered the tour- The National Tourism Careers Expo is a forum where young people from high schools, Further ism sector as lodges, guest houses or hotels Education and Training colleges and universities after complying with TGCSA standards. are exposed to existing professional and career opportunities that exist within the tourism sphere. Tourism Broad-Based Black Economic This programme was initiated in 2008, also as a Empowerment (BBBEE) Charter response to the gaps identified in the 2007 Tour- Council ism Skills Audit. This intervention is also prudent In May 2009, the Tourism Sector Charter was in exposing the tourism industry to the host of gazetted as a Section 9 sector charter of the skills that exist among young people of this coun- BBBEE Act, 2003 (Act 53 of 2003), giving it try that the industry could harness and benefit the same legal status as the BBBEE Codes of from. The third expo was held in September 2012 in East London in the Eastern Cape. Good Practice.

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The Tourism BBBEE Charter Council's roles include: The Department of Tourism hosted a Local Gov- • providing guidance on sector-specific mat- ernment Tourism Conference in February 2013 at ters effecting BBBEE in entities within the the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg sector under the theme Tourism Development: Why Local Government Matters. The purpose of the • compiling reports on the status of BBBEE conference was to provide a platform for dialogue within the sector for the Minister and the BEE among public and private sector tourism stake- Advisory Council holders, including leadership, to engage, share • sharing information with sector members, information on tourism developments and chal- approved accreditation agencies and the lenges at the local government level. Minister pertaining to BBBEE in the sector. In September 2012, Minister Van Schalkwyk appointed the new members of council. To achieve all of this, the NTSS focuses on domestic tourism, with the intention to increase Programmes and projects the number of domestic trips from 30,9 million in 2009 to 54 million by 2020. National Tourism Sector Strategy Regional tourism is also be targeted, with (NTSS) South Africa looking to take advantage of mar- The vision of the NTSS is to position South kets such as outbound tourists who have not Africa as one of the top 20 tourism destinations been tapped into in the past. globally by 2020. This strategy represents the department’s The overall goal of the strategy is to drive the commitment to intelligent planning and policy tourism economy, enhance visitor experiences, formulation. It was developed over a two-year position South Africa as a destination of choice period in close collaboration with local and pro- and sustain good governance in the industry. vincial government, an advisory panel of top The key focus areas of the NTSS are arriv- industry minds, representatives of various pro- als, gross domestic product (GDP) and job fessional bodies, academia, tourism marketing creation. In the area of job creation, the tour- agencies, civil society and the broader public. ism sector is working towards creating 225 000 The NTSS is a document that the entire sec- jobs by 2020. tor is committed to and includes coordinated and credible targets. The strategy rests on three pillars, namely: As part of the broader perspective of the National • driving the tourism economy Tourism Sector Strategy, the National Department • enhancing visitor experiences of Tourism launched the Sommelier Programme • ensuring sustainability and good governance in November 2012. Also known as wine steward- in the industry. ing, sommelier is a much sought-after skill in the culinary world. The department has invested an amount of R11 million and appointed the Cape Tourism Support Programme (TSP) Wine Academy to present a 12-month training The TSP is a reimbursable cash grant design- programme for 200 previously unemployed ed to support setting up tourism-related busi- youths between the ages of 18 to 34 years in the nesses. A key objective is to spread tourism following courses: investment across South Africa, while job crea- • Wine Service tion is also a priority. It was introduced in 2008 • Preliminary Wine and is set to end in 2014. A grant of between • Certificate Wine 15% and 30% of investment costs for start-up • Front of House and expansion is offered. So far, 545 applica- • Marketing • Wines of the World. tions have been approved with an incentive value of R1,1 billion.

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Originally managed by the Department of norms, and this contributed to inconsistencies Trade and Industry, the TSP was transferred in service levels. Research conducted in 2009 to the Department of Tourism from April identified inconsistent service levels and a 2013 in line with the Industrial Policy Action lacking culture of complaining about poor ser- Plan 2011/12 – 2013/14. This means that vice as critical challenges in the sector. The the Department of Tourism will in future also Service Excellence Requirements will provide develop and implement an incentive that is bet- a yardstick that will be used by all tourism ter aligned with the current strategic priorities service providers in the value chain to deliver of the tourism sector. quality service and experiences that equal or surpass world standards. Hospitality Youth Initiative (HYI) The South African Bureau of Standards The Hospitality Youth Initiative is aimed at (SABS) developed the standards on behalf helping unemployed youth to find meaningful of the tourism sector and benchmarked them employment in the hospitality industry at entry against international requirements. The require- level. The programme targets unemployed ments have four key focus areas namely youths between the ages of 18 and 35, with a marketing, products, delivery of service, and matric qualification. monitoring and evaluation. The programme, which started in 2010, ini- The Deputy Minister also introduced a tially took in 300 youths for training. National Service Excellence campaign under It is divided into two phases. The first phase the theme Excellent Service Starts with Me. provides an intensive one-month theoretical The campaign is aimed at creating awareness training course for entry into the hospitality and educating consumers and tourism product industry. Training focuses on communication, owners about the requirements. It was rolled life skills, customer care, leadership, and HIV out in the nine provinces from July 2012. and AIDS management. On completion of the first phase, learners National Minimum Standard for are placed in tourism establishments where Responsible Tourism (NMSRT) they receive on-the-job training with inter- Responsible tourism is a tourism management nationally accepted standards as laid down strategy in which the tourism sector and tour- by the hospitality industry. At the end of the ists take responsibility to protect and conserve training, bene-ficiaries receive certificates of the natural environment, respect and conserve competence and can be absorbed by hospit- local cultures and ways of life, and contribute ality establishments. to stronger local economies and a better qual- ity of life for local people. National Tourism Service Excellence Requirements In October 2012, South Africa won 32 awards in In February 2012, the Deputy Minister of Tour- the 2012 World Travel Awards for Africa. These ism, Ms , launched the National included Durban’s International Convention Tourism Service Excellence Requirements in Centre being named Africa’s leading conference Johannesburg. centre. The requirements are aimed at improving and South African Airways was named Africa’s maintaining service levels at all service touch leading airline as well as leading airline economy points in the tourism value chain, as well as class. Johannesburg’s OR Tambo International guiding the sector to achieve the NTSS’s Airport was voted the leading airport, Durban the objective of positioning South Africa as one of leading port, and the Blue Train the leading luxury train on the continent. the top 20 global tourism destinations. Cape Town was voted Africa’s leading beach Previously the tourism value chain in South destination. Africa did not have integrated standards and

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It includes providing better holiday experi- ment of Tourism, the Department of Water ences for guests and good business oppor- Affairs, Eskom, the Industrial Development tunities for tourism enterprises. The concept Corporation and Don't Waste Services. of responsible tourism is gaining ground as a The overall winner in 2012 was Riverside newly emerging and growing trend worldwide. Sun Resort, while the group winner was Sun The National Department of Tourism, in International Zambia and the independent win- partnership with tourism stakeholders and the ner was Ulusaba Private Game Reserve. private sector, particularly accreditation agen- The Chairman's Award is independent of cies, developed the NMSRT. Prior to the devel- the other awards and may be awarded to any opment of the NMSRT, there were various organisation or individual making a meaning- schemes certifying the sustainability of tourism ful contribution to responsible tourism. The businesses using different sets of criteria. winner in this category was Mavuso Msimang, By developing a single set of standards to be chairperson of the Tourism Business Council of applied throughout South Africa, the different South Africa, who is heading up a government sets of criteria that were used for certifying the project to address the issue of rhino poaching sustainability of tourism businesses has been in South Africa. brought together. The draft NMSRT, developed through a consultative process with the wider Tourism Month tourism sector role players, was approved by Tourism Month is an annual celebration held in the SABS in 2011. South Africa has thus taken September to focus on the importance of tour- the lead within the continent by publishing a set ism to South Africa's economy. of national minimum standards that are aligned In 2012, South Africa adopted the UNWTO's to international standard ISO/IEC 17011. theme for World Tourism Day on 27 Septem- The NMSRT comprise 41 criteria, divided ber, namely Tourism and Sustainable Energy: into four categories, namely: Powering Sustainable Development. The • sustainable operations and management Department of Tourism led the celebrations • economic criteria with a number of events. • social and cultural criteria The strategic objectives of Tourism Month • environmental criteria. include: • raising awareness of travel and tourism Imvelo Awards within the country, with focus on the less Imvelo means "nature" in South Africa's Nguni visited local destinations languages. The Imvelo Responsible Tourism • promoting geographic spread Awards were initiated to coincide with the • celebrating and generating awareness of World Summit on Sustainable Development, the enormous contribution domestic tourism held in South Africa in 2002. They recognise contributes to the economy and to job crea- tourism and hospitality businesses that make a tion real, measurable and sustained contribution to • entrenching a culture of domestic tourism responsible tourism. through strategic activities designed to The awards are in line with the responsible engage South Africans to travel their own tourism guidelines for the South African hos- country. These include campaigns such as pitality industry and the United Nations (UN) the Vaya Mzansi campaign. World Tourism Organisation's (UNWTO) code of ethics. Imvelo is also supported by the Herit- Vaya Mzansi age Environmental Rating Programme. The The NTSS has identified domestic tourism Federated Hospitality Association of Southern as a critical element, not only in reaching the Africa is the custodian of Imvelo. The main job creation targets set by government, but, in Imvelo partners for 2012 are Absa, the Depart- doing so, also developing a sustainable and

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reliable basis on which future tourism growth • increasing international arrivals, focusing on can flourish. The Vaya Mzansi campaign, regional Africa which was launched in 2012, aims to provide • promoting global visibility of the South Af- more affordable and accessible tourism experi- rican brand ences for the domestic market. • ensuring delivery of quality experiences This is effectively supported by the campaign using global best-practice grading systems Whatever You're Looking For, It's Right Here in • ensuring quality execution of approved busi- South Africa, which was launched in May 2012. ness plans and budgets It is aimed at increasing domestic tourism’s • providing the human resources, systems contribution to 60%, of the overall tourism sec- and structures to support the execution of tor contribution to the GDP, by 2020. SAT’s business plans and budgets. The strategy also addresses issues of geo- In an effort to make South Africa a most pre- graphic spread and seasonality, to increase ferred tourism brand by 2014, obtaining at the number of first-time domestic holiday trav- least a 79% brand awareness, SAT looked at ellers, the number of leisure travellers, as well three criteria: brand knowledge, brand journey, as the number of domestic holiday trips from and conversion of positive brand awareness to four million in 2009 to nine million in 2020. sales. In 2011, domestic tourism contributed about SAT introduced a new grading system for R20 billion to the national economy. In the first universal accessibility in 2011, and 800 estab- quarter of 2012, more than five million do- lishments have already been certified as uni- mestic trips were recorded in South Africa, versally accessible. SAT aims to grade 9 000 injecting R5,2 billion to the economy. properties by 2016/17. International tourism Guidelines for international SAT recognises that the world scenario has tourists been changing since the 2009 global financial Every international traveller to South Africa crisis, as South Africa’s core market of Euro- must have a valid passport and, where neces- pean travellers has significantly decreased. As sary, a visa. a result, SAT has been shifting focus to other The Immigration Act, 2002 (Act 13 of 2002), markets, such as India, China and Brazil. stipulates that all visitors to South Africa are SAT also increased efforts throughout required to have at least one blank page (both continental Africa by opening regional hubs, back and front) in their passport to enable the as Africa is becoming an important source of entry visa to be issued. If there is insufficient tourism to South Africa. SAT opened up hubs space in the passport, entry will be denied. in Nigeria and Ghana to serve the West Af- Enquiries may be directed to South African rican market, in Kenya to serve the East Africa diplomatic representatives abroad or to the market, and in the Democratic Republic of the Department of Home Affairs in Pretoria. Visas Congo to serve Central Africa. This strategy are issued free of charge. offered a positive return on investment. Visitors who intend travelling between South SAT’s five-year plan contains five different Africa and neighbouring countries are advised programmes, aimed at: to apply for multiple-entry visas. Passport-holders of certain countries are exempt from visa requirements. The popular Tjing Tjing Rooftop Bar in Cape Tourists must satisfy immigration officers that Town came in fourth on Condé Nast Traveler’s they have the means to support themselves list of Best New Bars in 20 Cities worldwide, it during their stay and that they have return was announced in the international magazine’s July 2012 issue. or onward tickets. They must also have valid international health certificates.

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Visitors from the yellow-fever belt in Africa pliance with the law. Illegal guiding is not only and the USA, and those who travel through or a crime, but could also destroy the country’s disembark in these areas, have to be inocu- brand. lated against the disease. Malaria is endemic to parts of KwaZulu- Tourism niche markets Natal, Mpumalanga and Limpopo. It is essen- Adventure tourism tial to take anti-malaria precautions when visit- Adventure tourism in South Africa is a thriving ing these areas. niche market. The country's diverse terrain, Remote areas in KwaZulu-Natal, Mpuma- together with an ideal climate for outdoor langa and Limpopo are low-risk malaria areas activities, makes it perfect for activities such and standard precautions should be taken. as climbing, surfing, diving, hiking, horseback Foreign tourists visiting South Africa can safaris, mountain biking, river rafting – and just have their value-added tax (VAT) refunded, about any other extreme activity, all of which is provided the value of the items purchased supported by dedicated operators. exceeds R20. VAT is refunded on departure at South Africa offers some of the best and the point of exit. most diverse rock climbing, as well as abseil- South Africa’s transport infrastructure – air- ing opportunities in the world. Those who pre- lines, railroads, roads, luxury touring buses fer rivers have a choice of trips ranging from (coaches) and motor cars – is such that tour- mostly scenic to Grade 5 white water rafting. ists can travel comfortably and quickly from Opportunities to practice the art of canyoning their port of entry to any part of the country. – known as "kloofing" in South Africa – with South African Airways, as well as a number both self-guided and escorted trips are also of international airlines, operate regular sched- available. uled flights to and from South Africa. Several For those who want to take to the skies, domestic airlines operate in the country. There there are more than 100 listed paragliding or are also mainline trains to all parts of the coun- hang gliding launch sites, as well as numer- try. ous lesser known sites. There are also many The tourist-accommodation industry in South opportunities for helicopter rides, balloon Africa provides a wide spectrum of accom- flights, aerobatics, skydiving and microlight modation, from formal hotels to informal flights. holiday flats and cottages, game lodges and Thousands of kilometres of hiking trails wind reserves, guest houses, youth hostels and around the country in desert, forest, mountain bed-and-breakfast establishments. or coastal terrain, many with mountain bike trails adjacent. Tourist guiding In addition, South Africa offers a wide variety Tourist guides are among the first and last con- of horse trails through vineyards, on the beach, tact people for tourists. All 11 200 tourist guides in the mountains, and for the more adventur- in South Africa are brand ambassadors. ous there are also horseback safaris in big Government recognises that tourist guiding game reserves. is an ideal entry point into the sector, par- The 216-metre Bloukrans bridge on the bor- ticularly for previously disadvantaged groups. der of the Eastern and Western Cape offers the Therefore, it will be pursuing a developmental highest commercial bungee jump in the world. approach to law enforcement and local com- munity participation, particularly in areas rich Business tourism with natural, cultural and historical resources. South Africa remains in the top 15 long-haul The department aims to create awareness business-events destinations in the world and among consumers, product owners and aspir- is the premier business-events destination in ant tourist guides to ensure that there is com- Africa.

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The business events industry was identified as an important component in helping to reach The Tourism Greening and Climate Change Pro- the NTSS’s target of 15 million international gramme initiated by the Department of Tourism arrivals by 2020. aims to promote efficient use of natural resources. Government recognises business events The department in partnership with Eskom, the departments of environmental affairs and of tourism as an area with significant growth water affairs, conducted resource efficiency and potential and has therefore established the tourism greening workshops in 2011/12 to edu- first SANCB to further promote growth in the cate and create awareness of resource efficiency conferencing industry. within the tourism sector. The SANCB is tasked with coordinating The Department of Trade and Industry, together national bidding, undertaking research and with stakeholders in the sector, also developed a collaborating with city and provincial conven- National Tourism and Climate Change Response tion bureaus and the business events industry Programme and Action Plan to ensure that the to present a united front for destination South tourism sector responds effectively to the chal- Africa. lenge of climate change. The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions For the next five years, South Africa has through the implementation of energy efficiency already secured over 200 international confer- measures is a major focus of the sector’s Climate ences that are estimated to attract 300 000 Change Response Programme. A brochure on delegates and an additional R1,6 billion to the tourism and climate change has been developed economy. to create awareness for industry role players. In 2011, South Africa had 392 000 business travellers, of which 140 000 attended confer- ences and meetings. The strategy is aimed at guiding the inte- gration of heritage and cultural resources Cruise tourism into mainstream tourism. It is set to stimulate The Department of Tourism aims to help posi- sustainable livelihoods through heritage and tion the tourism sector in such a manner that cultural tourism products and to diversify the its economic benefits become a reality to all tourism sector and raise awareness of heritage South Africans. and cultural resources. The department is exploring ways to ensure In developing the National Heritage and that South Africa increases its global competi- Cultural Strategy, the tourism department tiveness such as identifying and further devel- engaged with a range of stakeholders in the oping niche markets. heritage and cultural fields, as well as the tour- The department works closely with the ism and private sectors and local communities. cruise line industry to ensure that packages and excursions are developed and that pas- Medical tourism sengers are encouraged to visit the country’s South Africa has emerged as a medical tourism shores, enjoy what it has on offer and inspire destination of choice for travellers from other other travellers to visit South Africa. African countries, as well as further afield; and the industry is proving to be a market with Cultural tourism extensive growth potential. Heritage and cultural tourism is the fastest In a move designed to showcase South emerging competitive niche within domestic Africa's high-quality facilities and services for and international tourism markets. This cate- health, wellness and medical care to foreign gory accounts for 40% of international tourism. markets, the Medical Tourism Association of A new strategy to promote heritage and South Africa launched a web portal in collabo- cultural tourism was launched by Minister Van ration with a number of stakeholders at the Schalkwyk in March 2012. Medi-Clinic Morningside in February 2012.

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Medical tourism, or the process of seeking medical treatment in another country, is a South African Airways (SAA) launched two new fast-growing source of income. It covers both mobile applications (apps) allowing customers to elect-ive procedures and specialised opera- access their travel information on the go. The two new apps are available on iOs or Android mobile tions such as joint replacement and spinal phones and tablets and allows customers to view fusion. their booking information, check in for a flight, find Most medical tourists come to South Africa the status of their checked-in luggage and view for cosmetic surgery, but the country’s skilled information on flights, lounges and destinations. surgeons can also provide organ transplants, Passengers can also search for information on cardiac, orthopaedic and obesity surgery, and special fares, view Voyager status and miles, use dentistry. a currency converter, or get an updated 10-day forecast of the weather at any destination to Nature-based tourism which SAA flies. South Africa's fauna and flora and variety of Travellers can download the newly developed mobile apps – which became operational at the landscapes have enormous recreational value end of March 2013 – from the Apple App Store and attract several million tourists each year. and Google play stores, respectively. Protected natural areas serve not only to maintain biodiversity, but sustainable visitor access to these areas adds economic, rec- The department also aims to create a plat- reational and aesthetic value to that which form to develop opportunities for rural develop- is being conserved within their borders. It ment and to create an enabling environment also helps to preserve a wealth of traditional for rural tourism development to stimulate job indigenous knowledge related to biodiversity, creation. which is in itself a tourism resource. This strategy is also in line with the NTSS, South Africa boasts 19 national parks, as which highlights the issue of seasonality and well as numerous private game farms and geographic spread as challenges that make it nature reserves. Three of the country's eight difficult to spread the benefits of tourism. UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organ- In supporting the geographic spread of tour- isation (Unesco) world heritage sites are nat- ism with more emphasis on supporting tourism ural sites, while one is a mixed cultural/natural growth in rural areas and enhancing the supply site. These are the Cape Floral Region, the of rural tourism products, the department will iSimangaliso Wetland Park, the Vredefort focus more weight towards supporting tourism Dome, and the uKhahlamba in rural areas, with the involvement of rural Park. communities. Birding is experiencing fast growth and The department, through its Expanded Pub- interest both internationally and locally. South lic Works Programme budget, has allocated Africa's national birding organisation – Birdlife R20 million for the third phase of the project. South Africa – boasts a membership of more In growing the country as a destination of that 8 000 and has 40 branches nationwide. choice, the Department of Tourism has devel- South Africa's popularity as an avi-tourism oped the Culture and Heritage as well as the destination is due to the large number of birds, Rural Tourism strategies. endemic species and major bird habitats. Culture and heritage products are the fast- est emerging competitive niche products in Rural tourism the domestic and international markets. The Department of Tourism’s National Rural South Africa’s competitiveness improved Strategy is aimed at creating a community- from 66th to 55th out of 139 countries that are driven bed-and-breakfast operation, catering rich in natural and cultural resources. for international and domestic tourists.

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Sustainable development will be achieved Government wants to capitalise on job crea- if the beneficiaries or people, whose land, tion opportunities that lie in this sector. In 2009, culture and natural resources are used for tourism contributed around R189 billion to the tourism, benefit from such use in a meaning- GDP and provided 500 000 jobs. Domestic ful way. tourism, if elevated adequately, could bolster job creation. Sports tourism It is estimated that sports tourism contributes Wine tourism more than R6 billion to the South African tour- Wine tourism is growing fast worldwide and ism industry. More than 10% of foreign tourists plays an especially important role in South come to South Africa to watch or participate in Africa with its centuries old reputation for sports events, with spectators accounting for making high-quality wine. South Africa’s wine 60% to 80% of these arrivals. tourism has been rated the best-developed in There are numerous world-class sporting the world by International Wine Review, one of events on South Africa’s calendar every year, the world’s most influential opinion formers on such as: wine. • the annual Cape Argus Cycle Race, which The country's vineyards are mostly situated caters for 35 000 people riding and pushing in the Western Cape near the coast. Wine- their bikes over a 109-km course lands stretch from the rugged mountains and • the Midmar Mile in KwaZulu-Natal, in which multi-directional slopes of the coastal region to 18 000 swimmers participate annually the open plains of the Klein , where viti- • the Comrades Marathon. culture – the study of grape cultivation – takes In September 2013, the third annual Sports place mainly in the verdant riverine valleys. Events & Tourism Exchange (SETE) will be All South African wine routes fall under the hosted in Durban to outline the implementation auspices of the Wine of Origin Scheme. Pro- of the Sport Tourism strategy that was adopted duction is divided into official regions, districts at the 2012 conference. and wards. There are five principle demarca- SETE 2013 is also taking a proactive move tions – Coastal, Breede River Valley, Little to strategically align Africa as a whole, as Karoo, Olifants River and Boberg, covering 21 the arena that has the potential and capabili- districts and 61 wards. Stylistically, South Af- ties of hosting international events, sporting rican wines fit somewhere between Old World teams (especially during their winter months and New World. for training purposes) and also to use the time As the tourism sector works towards posi- wisely when travelling to an African country tioning South Africa as one of the world's top by experiencing all the tourism offerings avail- 20 travel destinations by 2020, key stakehold- able. ers in wine and tourism united to present the country's first specialist wine tourism exhibi- Township tourism tion, Vindaba, in September 2012. In February 2012, Deputy Minister Xasa Held in Cape Town, Vindaba targeted local kicked off government’s plans to raise the and international travel trade as well as wine, profile of township tourism by taking a tour travel and lifestyle media. of Umlazi in the eThekwini Municipality. Gov- The initiative represents a partnership ernment wants to capitalise on job creation between Wines of South Africa, SAT, the wine opportunities that lie in this sector. routes, Cape Town Tourism, Cape Town Routes Township tours have the potential to show- Unlimited and the Western Cape Department case South Africa’s culture and heritage and of Finance, Tourism and Economic Develop- the Department of Tourism wants packages to ment. be developed to achieve that goal.

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Other major attractions in the city include Table Mountain National Park won the Best the Bo-Kaap Museum, the Castle of Good Performing Park award at the prestigious South Hope, the Company’s Garden, the District Six African National Parks (SANParks) Kudu Awards Museum, flea markets, the Grand Parade, the ceremony held at Gallagher Estate in Midrand in houses of Parliament, the South African Cul- November 2012. These awards recognise SAN- tural History Museum and the South African Parks staff members and parks throughout the country for their exceptional performance during National Gallery. Also worth a visit are histor- the year and their efforts in customer service ical buildings in the Bo-Kaap and District Six. excellence with various categories under the The Gold of Africa Museum, established by Chief Executive Awards. Anglo Gold, houses a celebrated collection of Table Mountain National Park performed more than 350 gold artefacts. exceptionally well in the core functions of con- Air flips and trips are available, as are many servation, constituency building and tourism boat and yacht trips from Table Bay Harbour, development, including the implementation of a including trips to Robben Island (proclaimed a Visitor Safety Plan to reduce crime. world heritage site and also the place where former President Nelson Mandela was impris- Regional tourism oned for 18 of his 27 years in prison). The Nelson Mandela Gateway to Robben Western Cape Island is in the Clock Tower Precinct at the The Western Cape lies at the southern tip V&A Waterfront. The gateway houses interac- of Africa. The province's unmatched natural tive multimedia exhibitions, an auditorium, beauty, famous hospitality, cultural diversity, boardrooms, the Robben Island Museum and a excellent wine and rich cuisine make it one of restaurant. the world’s greatest tourist attractions. Jazz is big in Cape Town. From traditional The Western Cape is also South Africa’s blues through progressive jazz to African- most developed tourism region. influenced jazz, every taste is catered for at a The tourism industry in the province has number of restaurants, jazz cafés, cigar bars, grown faster and created more jobs than any pubs and wine farms. The top jazz event in the other industry. One in 10 employees in the Western Cape is the annual Cape Town Inter- Western Cape earns a living in the tourism national Jazz Festival. industry, and it contributes more than R25 bil- Newlands is home to the renowned Kirsten- lion to the provincial economy. bosch National Botanical Garden. In October 2011, National Geographic named the botanical Cape Metropole garden as one of the world’s best picnic spots. Tourism in the , which lies Summer sunset music concerts at the garden at the foot of the magnificent Table Moun- are held on Sunday evenings during the sum- tain, centres on the Victoria and Alfred (V&A) mer months, from late November until early Waterfront. A working harbour, the V&A offers April. The South African Rugby Museum in everything from upmarket shopping malls, arts Newlands reflects the history of the sport as far and craft markets, and a variety of restaurants, back as 1891. to theatres, live music and museums. The Rhodes Memorial in Rondebosch on the Table Mountain, which forms part of the slopes of Table Mountain was built of granite Table Mountain National Park, is one of the from the mountain as a tribute to the memory official New Seven Wonders of Nature, fol- of Cecil John Rhodes, Prime Minister of the lowing a lengthy international public voting Cape from 1890 to 1896. The University of process. A modern cableway takes visitors to Cape Town is worth a visit for its historic Middle the top of the mountain, providing spectacular Campus and many buildings designed by Sir views. Herbert Baker.

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Cape Point, part of the Table Mountain town is a gracious blend of old Cape Dutch, National Park, offers many drives, walks, pic- Georgian and Victorian architecture. Dorp nic spots and a licensed restaurant. Care has Street consists of one of the longest rows of been taken to protect the environmental integ- old buildings in the country. The rity of this 22 100-ha reserve of indigenous Village Museum consists of four homesteads flora and fauna. and gardens ranging from the late-17th to the Simon’s Town’s naval atmosphere and His- middle-19th centuries. toric Mile are major attractions in the area. A The Stellenbosch Toy and Miniature statue of the famous dog and sailors’ friend, Museum houses a collection of 1:12 scale min- Able Seaman Just Nuisance, stands at Jubilee iatures such as room boxes, miniature houses, Square. antique dolls, cars and cuddly toys. Hout Bay is well known for its colourful work- The Spier Summer Arts Festival livens up ing harbour. Seafood outlets, round-the-bay summer nights from November to March at the trips to the nearby seal colony, shell and gift Spier Wine Estate near Stellenbosch. Super- shops, and a famous harbour-front emporium vised pony and cart rides for children are avail- attract many visitors. Duiker Island is a seal and able on the lawns of the Spier Estate. There sea-bird sanctuary. The World of Birds Wildlife is also a horse-carriage tour and equestrian Sanctuary is one of the largest bird parks in the centre for older children. world and houses some 3 000 birds. The Cheetah Outreach is an education Big Bay in Bloubergstrand is a surfers’ para- and community-based programme, created dise and host to an international windsurfing in January 1997 on land proved by the Spier event. Rietvlei Nature Reserve is a unique wet- Wine Estate, to raise awareness of the plight land area, with over 110 bird species, including of the cheetah and to campaign for its survival. pelicans and flamingos. The Stellenbosch Wine Route comprises Canal Walk Century City is one of the largest over 100 wine estates, most of which offer cel- shopping centres in Africa, with close to 400 lar tours. shops, and is home to the largest cinema com- The Freedom Monument at Pniel, which was plex in South Africa. built in 1992, commemorates the freed slaves New Year in Cape Town is a festive affair, who were the first settlers at the mission sta- when the Cape minstrels take to the streets tion, established in 1843. with their upbeat music and fancy costumes. Franschhoek has become known as the The Monkey Town Primate Centre is home “Gourmet Capital” of the Cape. Originally to over 200 individual primates and is located known as Oliphantshoek, it was renamed after east of Somerset West on the N2. Strawberry-picking in Cape Town on the South Africa’s wine tourism has been rated the Mooiberge Strawberry Farm is available in best-developed in the world by International season, which begins in November. Wine Review, one of the world’s most influential opinion formers on wine. Cape winelands Wine tourism is growing fast worldwide and The Cape winelands, including the former plays an especially important role in South Africa Breede River Valley, are close to Cape Town. with its century old reputation for making high- The Cape winelands feature dramatic moun- quality wine. tains, rolling farmlands and peaceful vineyards. It is estimated that wine tourism now gener- They are home to Route 62, the world’s long- ates an annual income in excess of R5 billion est wine route. (US$590 million), while also being a major job creator. Wine exports from South Africa stood Stellenbosch, the oldest town in South Africa, at 350 564 774 litres in 2011, with Europe as its is also known as the “Eikestad” (City of Oaks). biggest buyer. Various historical walks delight visitors. The

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the arrival of Huguenots who were predom- western Cape endemics, such as the Cape inantly French. The Huguenot Monument was sugarbird and the orange-breasted sunbird. built in 1944 to commemorate their arrival in The Afrikaanse Taalmonument (Language 1688. In April each year, the region hosts the Monument) is on the slopes of Mountain, South African Cheese Festival. while the Afrikaanse Taalmuseum (Language Visitors can also enjoy various hiking trails Museum) is in the centre of the town. and historical walks, as well as the Vignerons The town of Wellington lies in a pictur- de Franschhoek Wine Route. esque valley, with the majestic Hawequa Butterfly World, one of the more unique Mountains on its eastern border. Apart from attractions of the Western Cape winelands, three renowned cooperative wineries, there consists of a tropical garden in a 1 000-m2 are also several prestigious wine cellars on greenhouse. This luxuriant paradise makes the historic Huguenot farms with Cape Dutch free-flying exotic butterflies feel right at home. homesteads. More than 90% of South Africa’s The butterfly park is located at the crossroads vine-cutting nurseries are in Wellington. The of the Paarl, Stellenbosch and Wellington wine town is also the home of South Africa’s dried- routes, near Klapmuts. fruit industry. The Giraffe House Wildlife Awareness Centre Experience life as the pioneers did in years is on 15 hectares (ha) situated between Klap- gone by at the Kleinplasie Living Open Air muts and Stellenbosch. Focusing mainly on Museum. The KWV Brandy Cellar, the largest African wildlife, Giraffe House provides a place of its kind in the world, offers cellar tours and for people to enjoy a picnic in the fresh air, while brandy tastings. experiencing and learning about animals and Ceres, named after the Roman goddess conservation. of fruitfulness, is the largest deciduous-fruit- Drakenstein Lion Park was established in producing region in South Africa. Tours are 1998 as a sanctuary for lions born in captivity. offered at various fruit farms. The area also The park comprises 50 acres of sprawling lion offers several 4x4 trails, horse-riding, moun- habitat. tain-biking and abseiling. Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, which The Hex River Valley is the largest producer includes the smaller Assegaaibosch Nature of table grapes in southern Africa. Visitors can Reserve, lies near Stellenbosch. The reserve pick their own grapes at harvest time and can comprises the Jonkershoek Mountains and sample the variety of export-quality produce. portions of the upper Jonkershoek Valley. The The well-known Hex River 4x4 Trail and the reserve stretches over 9 800 ha and its rug- Ochre San Rock Art Trail is a must for nature ged terrain is ideal for hiking. Assegaaibosch is lovers. lies in the heart of the Hex much smaller and is suitable for shorter walks River Valley. Situated on the Breede River, and picnics. Bonnievale features several cheese factories. On Le Bonheur Estate visitors can experi- For the adventurous outdoor enthusiast there ence guided croc-pond tours, which lead are canoe trips, as well as bird watching and across open dams via ramp-ways. Over 1 000 river boating. crocodiles are housed in these dams. Visitors Known as “The Valley of Wine and Roses”, have an opportunity to touch a baby crocodile, Robertson is one of the most beautiful areas and during summer months, witness a feeding. in South Africa. Surrounded by vineyards, Paarl lies between the second-largest gran- orchards, delectable fruit and radiant roses, ite rock in the world and the Du Toit’s Kloof Robertson produces connoisseur-quality wines Mountains. It is famous for its Cape Dutch and and is also known for its thoroughbred horses. Victorian architectural treasures found along Renowned for its muscadel wines, Montagu a 1-km stretch of the main street. The area’s is the gateway to the Klein Karoo and set in a vegetation supports a number of south- fertile valley. Relax in the healing waters of the

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Avalon Springs or visit the Montagu Museum, Riversdale is one of South Africa’s most which houses, among other things, original important fynbos export areas. Other attractions cartoons and books by well-known cartoonist include the Julius Gordon Africana Museum. TO Honiball. At the historical Strandveld Architectural The area also offers several hiking trails, Heritage Site at Still Bay, visitors can watch game-viewing drives, guided cultural tours and tame eels being fed. Ancient fish-traps can be excellent rock climbs. seen at Morris Point and the harbour. The picturesque village of Gouda is known At the aloe factories at Albertinia, aloe juice for the Parrotts Den Pub, a living museum in is extracted for medicine and high-quality skin- the Gouda Hotel. care products. McGregor boasts a variety of charming Nearby, bungee-jumping at the Gouritz River thatched cottages and well-preserved Victorian Gorge, hiking, mountain-biking and angling are houses, making it one of the best-preserved popular pastimes. examples of mid-19th century architecture in The Point in Mossel Bay is not only popular the Western Cape. among surfers, but its natural pool formed by Prince Alfred Hamlet is the gateway to the rock is also a favourite swimming spot at low Gydo Pass, known for its scenic views. This tide. The St Blaize Trail starts here and is the quaint village lies in an important deciduous- ideal place from which to watch the whales and fruit farming area. dolphins at play in season. Hidden amid vineyards and wine estates lies The harbour at Mossel Bay is one of the most the picturesque town of Rawsonville, known for modern commercial and recreational harbours its award-winning wines. Tourists can enjoy an on the southern Cape coastline. PetroSA’s afternoon drive along the beautiful Slanghoek Information Centre informs visitors about the Valley, with its lush vineyards and panoramic production of synthetic fuels from Mossel Bay’s views, or relax in the mineral springs at Gou- offshore gas fields. Other attractions include dini Spa. the Attequas Kloof Pass, Anglo-Boer/South African War blockhouses and the Bartolomeu Dias complex. The popular Garden Route spans roughly offers a historic village with 200 km of South Africa’s southern coast, many opportunities for whale- and dolphin- incorporating the picturesque stretch of coast- watching along the extensive coast. line which includes the towns of Mossel Bay, George is a historically significant location, George, Wilderness, Sedgefield, , with features such as the Slave Tree. Located Plettenberg Bay and Nature's Valley – each just outside the Old Library, it was planted in with its own charm and attractions. Named for 1811, when George was laid out. It is known its lush greenery and the vast Tsitsikamma For- to be the biggest English oak in the Southern est, the Garden Route is the most biodiverse Hemisphere. region in the world. George is popular among golfers and is The Garden Route features the pont at Mal- home to the renowned Fancourt Country gas, which is one of the two remaining ponts Club and Golf Estate, as well as various other in the country, ferrying vehicles and livestock acclaimed golf courses. across the Breede River. Visitors can board the Power Van at the Whale watching attracts tourists at Witsand Outeniqua Transport Museum, and enjoy a and from June to November. glimpse of the Garden Route Botanical Garden The Grootvadersbosch Nature Reserve from this rail bus. The Big Tree at Woodville, outside Heidelberg comprises the popular an Outeniqua yellowwood, is estimated to be Bushbuck Trail, a wilderness trail and two around 850 years old. It is located about 40 km mountain-bike trails. outside of George in the direction of Knysna.

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The George Airport, the Outeniqua Pass, the Western and Eastern Cape is the highest com- railway line and the N2 offer convenient access mercial bungee jump in the world. to this region, making George the ideal hub from which to explore the Garden Route and Little Karoo Little Karoo. and Wilderness are The Little Karoo’s fascinating landscape is popular for their unspoilt beaches. Wilderness fashioned almost entirely by water. Its veg- is the western gateway to the southern Cape etation ranges from lush greenery in the fertile lakes area. It is a nature lover’s paradise, best river valleys to short, rugged Karoo plants in known for its beaches, lakes, placid lagoon and the veld. Gorges feature rivers that cut through lush indigenous forests. Birdwatchers flock to towering mountains, while breathtakingly steep the Langvlei and Rondevlei bird sanctuaries passes cross imposing terrain. The region is in the , which hosts also home to the largest bird in the world – the over 230 different bird species. ostrich. The Little Karoo is rich in culture and Sedgefield borders Swartvlei Lagoon, the history. largest natural inland saltwater lake in South Excellent wines and port are produced in the Africa. Activities include beach horse-riding, and areas. The Swartberg hiking, angling and bird watching. Nature Reserve and Pass with their gravel Knysna nestles on the banks of an estuary, roads are also worth a visit. guarded by The Heads (two huge sandstone , the world’s ostrich-feather cap- cliffs) and surrounded by indigenous forests, ital, is the region’s main town. The Klein Karoo tranquil lakes and golden beaches. Nasionale Kunstefees (National Arts Festival) This natural wonderland is home to the larg- is held in the town annually. Some 29 km from est and smallest of creatures, from the Knysna Oudtshoorn lie the remarkable Cango Caves, seahorse to the Knysna elephants, rare delic- a series of spectacular subterranean limestone ate butterflies and the endemic Knysna loerie, caverns. a colourful forest bird. Over 200 species can Bearing evidence of early San habitation, be found in the abundant fynbos and forest the 30-cave wonderland boasts magnificent settings. dripstone formations. Amalienstein and Zoar Knysna is also famous for its delectable home- are historic mission stations midway between grown oysters, enjoyed with locally brewed beer and Calitzdorp. in quaint pubs and restaurants. The Knysna Visitors can go on donkey-cart and hiking Oyster Festival, a celebration of the good life, trails through orchards and vineyards, while has established itself as one of the most popular annual events in the Western Cape. An eclectic mix of art galleries showcase the The Northern Cape’s central Karoo district, with its "quiet skies", is ideal for astrological research, diversity of talent in the area. which not only draws researchers to the area, but There are also lagoon cruises, forest hikes, also tourists. golf and adventure sports on offer. Astrological tourism has already created good Plettenberg Bay is adventure country, offer- economic spin-offs at Sutherland, the site of the ing boat-based whale watching, black-water Southern Hemisphere's largest astronomical tubing, hiking, and forest and cycling trails. observatory, the multinational-sponsored South- The Keurbooms River Nature Reserve at ern African Large Telescope (Salt). Plettenberg Bay offers a canoeing trail, while Two Sutherland entrepreneurs rehabilitated the Robberg Nature Reserve is a treasure trove the conservation land around the Salt facility, of land, marine, geological and archaeological which has now become the site of guided tours and accommodation venues have flourished in wealth. recent times. A satellite visitors’ centre will be At 216 m, the bungee jump from the Blouk- built in the township of Schietfontein. rans River Bridge on the border between the

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the Seweweekspoort is ideal for mountain- Matjiesfontein, a national monument, offers biking, hiking, and protea and fynbos admirers. tourists a peek into yesteryear and the oppor- Calitzdorp has four wine estates, three of tunity to overnight in Victorian splendour. The which are open to the public. The spring water village houses a transport museum and the of the Calitzdorp Spa is rich in minerals and Marie Rawdon Museum. Experience the vast- reputed to have medicinal properties. The ness of the Great Karoo in Murraysburg, an Gamka Mountain Reserve is home to the rare ecotourist and hunter’s paradise. and endangered Cape mountain zebra. Laingsburg, a tiny village devastated by floods De Rust lies at the southern entrance to about a century after it was established, is the Meiringspoort. The Meiringspoort Gorge best place to study the geology of the region. extends 20 km through the Swartberg Moun- Prince Albert is a well-preserved town at the tain Range. Halfway through is a beautiful foot of the Swartberg Mountains. It is the ideal 69-m waterfall. Wine farms in the area are place to sample a great variety of Karoo cuis- open to the public. ine. See examples of local architecture dating Ladismith is home to the Towerkop Cheese back to the early 1800s, and enjoy several Factory. There are various hiking, mountain- scenic drives. biking and 4x4 trails in the area, as well as the The Fransie Pienaar Museum introduces Anysberg, Klein Karoo and Towerkop nature visitors to the cultural history of the area. It reserves. has a fossil room and an exhibit covering the Uniondale, on the main route between gold rush in this area in the 19th century. The George and Graaff-Reinet, features the largest museum has a licence to distil and sell “witblits” water-wheel in the country, the Old Watermill. (white lightning). Prince Albert is the closest Uniondale Poort is a scenic drive linking Union- town by road to Gamkaskloof. dale with in the Langkloof Valley. The Hell, a little valley in the heart of the At Vanwyksdorp, visitors can see how fyn- Swartberg Mountains, was the home of one bos is dried and packed for the export market. of the world’s most isolated communities for Donkey-cart rides take visitors to Anglo-Boer/ almost 150 years. Today, Gamkaskloof is a South African War grave sites. nature reserve and national monument man- aged by Cape Nature Conservation. It has Central Karoo overnight facilities and can be accessed by a The Central Karoo, a fascinating semi-desert 57 km long (but two-hour-drive) winding road area, lies in the heart of one of the world’s most which starts at the peak of the Swartberg Pass. unique and interesting arid zones. This ancient, fossil-rich land, which is five West Coast times the size of Great Britain, is also home to The West Coast is a region of outstanding the richest desert flora in the world. beauty and contrast. The solitary coast’s In the Central Karoo, visitors will find the cenic beauty is challenged only by rich culinary largest variety of succulents found anywhere experiences of mussels, oysters, calamari, on Earth. Beaufort West, the oldest town in the crayfish and abalone in season, or linefish Central Karoo, is often referred to as the “Oasis pulled from the Benguela Current’s cold of the Karoo”. The local museum displays waters. During April every year, Lamberts Bay awards presented to heart-transplant pioneer, has the Crayfish and Cultural Festival. the late Prof. Chris Barnard, a son of this town. The area is not only a birder’s paradise, A township route introduces visitors to the but every year migrating whales also visit the Xhosa culture in the area. The Karoo National coastal waters from July. Park on the town’s doorstep, is home to a vari- Within two months of the first good winter ety of game, as well as the highly endangered rains, wild flowers on the West Coast explode riverine rabbit. in a brilliant display of colour.

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The Swartland region is known for its undu- Cape Columbine at Paternoster is the last lating wheat fields, vineyards, wineries and manned lighthouse on the South African coast. outdoor activities. The Columbine Nature Reserve is home to a Further north, visitors encounter the fertile variety of seabird species. Olifants River Valley and the vast plains of the Saldanha is a water sport enthusiast’s Knersvlakte with its wealth of indigenous suc- paradise. Its attractions include Doc’s Cave, a culent plants. landmark on the scenic breakwater drive, and The town of Darling draws visitors to its the Hoedjieskoppie Nature Reserve. There country museum and art gallery, annual wild are various hiking trails in the SAS Saldanha flower and orchid shows, basket factory and Nature Reserve. wine cellars. The entertainment venue Evita se St Helena Bay is best known for the Vasco Perron is situated at the old Darling Railway Da Gama Monument and Museum. Fishing Station and offers top performances by South (snoek in season), hiking and whale- and bird African entertainers. watching opportunities also draw many visit- Malmesbury is the biggest town in the Swart- ors. land. Major attractions include the Malmesbury Vredenburg, the business centre of the area, Museum and the historical walk-about. has a popular golf course with a bird hide, while The Riebeek Valley is known for its scenic Lamberts Bay is a traditional fishing village, beauty. The area has become a popular haven with Bird Island as a popular tourist attraction. for well-known artists of various disciplines. It is a breeding ground for African penguins, Wines and olives can be tasted at various cel- the Cape cormorant and other sea birds. Visit- lars. ors can also watch southern right whales here Elands Bay is a popular holiday resort and from July to November. surfer’s paradise. Khoi and San rock art can be Piketberg offers arts and crafts, fauna and viewed at the Elands Bay caves. flora, wine culture and recreation. The Goed- Moorreesburg and Koringberg are major verwacht and Wittewater Moravian mission wheat-distributing towns. Tourists can visit the stations are close to the town. Wheat Industry Museum, one of only three in Porterville is famous for its Disa Route (best the world. Bird watching, hiking, 4x4 routes, in January and February). The Groot Winter- clay-pigeon shooting, mountain-bike trails, hoek Mountain Peak in the Groot Winterhoek canoeing and waterskiing at Misverstand are Wilderness Area is the second-highest in the popular activities. Western Cape. The Dasklip Pass is popular Yzerfontein is famous for its unspoilt with hang-gliders. beaches, fynbos, beautiful views and whale At Velddrif/Laaiplek, visitors can indulge in watching. Another major attraction is the his- bokkems (a West Coast salted-fish delicacy) at torical lime furnaces. factories along the Berg River. Langebaan, a popular holiday destination, Tourists can also visit the salt-processing is home to the . An factory and the West Coast Art Gallery in town. internationally renowned wetland that houses The citrus area in the Olifants River Valley is about 60 000 waterbirds and waders, the park the third-largest in South Africa. The wine route attracts thousands of visitors each year. The from Citrusdal to Lutzville produces a selection oldest anatomically modern fossilised human of internationally acclaimed wines. The world- footprints were also discovered here. renowned rooibos tea is also produced here. The Langebaan Lagoon forms part of the Citrusdal is famous for its citrus products and park and is zoned for specific activities. The wines. The Citrusdal Museum depicts the pion- Postberg section of the park, across the eering days of the early colonists. The Goede lagoon, is famous for its wild flowers that bloom Hoop Citrus Co-Op is the largest single pack- mainly during August and September. ing facility in South Africa.

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The annual Citrusdal Outdoor Calabash Wuppertal, which is well-known for its features, among other things, 4x4 outings, rooibos and buchu production, has added one lectures and visits to rock-art sites, and an more attraction to its tourism offerings – the arts and crafts market. Annually, scores of sky- Donkey Cart Route. diving enthusiasts visit Citrusdal for a skydiving The project entails a three-day tour through “boogie” that lasts several days. the Cederberg Mountain area and Heuningvlei The oldest orange tree in the country, cal- with accommodation facilities for overnight culated to be more than 250 years old, grows visitors. in the Citrusdal Valley. The Sandveldhuisie Vredendal is the centre of the Lower Olifants is a recently built example of a typical Sand- River Valley. Major attractions include marble- veld dwelling. There are several recognised processing and manufacturing, industrial mines mountain-biking, walking and hiking trails, a (dolomite and limestone), the KWV Grape sky-diving club and canoeing opportunities. Juice Concentrate Plant and Distillery and the The Cederberg Wilderness Area features the South African Dried Fruit Co-Operative. elephant’s foot plant, the rare snow protea and The town is also home to the Vredendal some of the best examples of San rock art in Wine Cellar, the largest cooperative wine cel- the Western Cape. lar under one roof in the Southern Hemisphere. Visitors to Clanwilliam can visit the rooibos The picturesque town of Doringbaai with its and velskoen factories and the grave of the attractive lighthouse is well known for its sea- well-known South African poet Louis Leipoldt. food. Various historical buildings can also be Strandfontein, about 8 km north of Doring- viewed. The Clanwilliam and Bulshoek dams baai, is essentially a holiday and retirement are popular among watersport enthusiasts. resort with a panoramic view of the ocean. Wuppertal, at the foot of the Cederberg Klawer was named after the wild clover mountains, features the oldest Rhenish Mis- growing in the area. During the flower season, sion Station. Proceeds from 4x4 trails in the the area is a riot of colour. The Doring River area fund the creation of new hiking trails and features hiking trails and opportunities for river- the building of more overnight huts and guest rafting. houses. Lutzville and Koekenaap are synonymous with wine and flowers in season. Visitors can also view the Sishen-Saldanha South African tourist attractions now also include Railway Bridge. Where the railway line spans a rooibos tea safari, exclusive to the Cederberg the Olifants River, it is divided into 23 sec- region of the Cape West Coast. Elandsberg Eco tions, each 45 m long. The 14 100-ton deck Tourism, a tour operator and accommodation was pushed into position over teflon sheets provider based at one of the region's largest tea with hydraulic jacks from the bridgehead. It is plantations, offers one-hour guided tours of a rooibos tea farm in a safari vehicle. the longest bridge in the world built using this The Groenkol Rooibos Tea Estate, where the method. tours take place, is unique in that all aspects Vanrhynsdorp houses the largest succulent related to the production of rooibos tea are nursery in South Africa. The Latsky Radio done on the estate – from growing the seedlings Museum houses a collection of old valve through to the final packaging and marketing. radios, some dating back to 1924. South Africa produces some 15 000 to Bird watching, mountain-biking, day walks, 20 000 tons of rooibos tea a year, with 6 000 tons hiking and 4x4 trails abound. The Troe-Troe being consumed locally and the balance being and Rietpoort mission stations are a must-see exported. In South Africa, rooibos tea occupies for history enthusiasts. approximately 17% to 20% of the available shelf space.

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Overberg Popular sites in Napier include the Militaria In the most southerly region of Africa, just Museum and Rose Boats and Toy Museum. over an hour’s drive east of Cape Town, lies a The Shipwreck Museum in Bredasdorp, fertile area surrounded by mountains and sea, founded in 1975, specialises in shipwrecks called the . found along the South African coastline. The The Hangklip-Kleinmond area comprises town also has the Audrey Blignault Museum. Kleinmond, Betty’s Bay, Pringle Bay and Rooi De Mond Nature Reserve is home to some Els. It is a popular holiday region, ideal for rare bird species, including the damara tern whale watching, and includes the Kleinmond and giant tern. Coastal Nature Reserve and the Harold Por- The Geelkop Nature Reserve derives its ter Botanical Garden. name from the mass of yellow flowering plants The Penguin Reserve at Stoney Point, that cover the hill during spring. Betty’s Bay, is one of two breeding colonies of The lighthouse at L’Agulhas, which forms the jackass penguin off Africa. part of the , is the South Africa’s first international biosphere country’s second-oldest working lighthouse. It reserve, the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1999. was proclaimed by the Unesco in 1999. It The Agulhas National Park, a ruggedly runs along the coast from Gordon’s Bay to the beautiful coastal plain, was proclaimed in Bot River Vlei, stretching 2 km out to sea, and September 1999. The park started as a four- inland to the Groenlandberg Mountains near hectare portion of land at the southern tip and . has grown through the additions of 36 portions, Hermanus is a popular holiday resort, bringing the area of the park to 20 959 ha. famous for the best land-based whale watch- At Cape Agulhas, the southernmost tip of ing in the world. the continent, the waters are cleaved into the Stanford is one of the few villages in South Indian and Atlantic oceans. The wrecks of Africa where the market square has been some 130 seafaring craft – yachts, Spanish retained. The central core of the village has galleons, Dutch East Indiamen, the legend- been proclaimed a national conservation ary Birkenhead, and even modern-day fishing area. Award-winning wines are produced in trawlers – have found a watery grave around the area. the notorious Cape of Storms. Gansbaai is known for its excellent rock Struisbaai has the longest white coastline in and boat angling, diving, shark-cage diving the Southern Hemisphere. and whale watching. The Danger Point Light- Arniston was named Waenhuiskrans (coach- house, named as such because of the ships house cliff) by the local fishers in honour of the that have been wrecked and lives lost on this huge sea cave capable of housing several dangerous coast, is open to the public. oxwagons. For outsiders, it was named after De Kelders is the only freshwater cave on the Arniston, a ship wrecked there in 1815. The the African coast. Spectacular views of south- Waenhuiskrans Cave can be explored at low ern right whales can be enjoyed from the cliffs tide. at De Kelders and along the coast to Pearly The on the way Beach. Also popular are white-shark tours, to Swellendam includes an internationally diving safaris and fishing trips. renowned wetland and bird sanctuary. It is a Elim was founded by German missionar- winter retreat for the southern right whale and ies in 1824, with its only inhabitants being the Western Cape’s only Cape griffen vulture members of the Moravian Church. Visitors are colony. welcome to attend services. The Old Water- The red Bredasdorp lily and many species of mill (1833) has been restored and declared a protea and erica are found in the Heuningberg national monument. Nature Reserve.

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Swellendam is well known for its young- The Theewaterskloof Dam outside Villiers- berries and eclectic architecture. The Drostdy dorp is the seventh-largest dam in the coun- Museum consists of a group of buildings con- try. The Wild Flower Garden and taining a huge selection of period furniture. Nature Reserve boasts an indigenous herb The , about 7 km from garden and a reference library. Swellendam, provides sanctuary to the threat- The Grabouw/Elgin district produces about ened bontebok and other species. 60% of South Africa’s total apple exports and Known for its world-class wine, Barrydale fine wines. The valley is also renowned for offers the visitor fruit and fresh air in abundance. cultivating fresh chrysanthemums, roses and Situated on the N2, about 160 km from Cape proteas. The Elgin Apple Museum is one of Town, Riviersonderend offers beautiful moun- only two in the world. Sir Lowry’s Pass offers tain and river scenery, a nine-hole golf course spectacular views of False Bay from Gordon’s and sightings of the blue crane. Bay to Cape Point. Caledon is famous for its natural mineral waters, hot springs and wild-flower shows. Northern Cape Southern Associated Maltsters is the only Characterised by its vast expanses of space malt producer for the South African lager beer and silence, warm sunny climate, friendly industry and the largest in the Southern Hemi- people and hospitality, the Northern Cape is a sphere. province with a rich culture heritage. Genadendal is the oldest Moravian village in Africa, with church buildings and a school Diamond fields dating back to 1738. The Genadendal Mission The Big Hole in Kimberley is the largest hand- and Museum complex documents the first mis- dug excavation in the world. In 1871, diamonds sion station in South Africa. were discovered at the site and mined manu- Villiersdorp houses the Dagbreek Museum ally by prospectors. The Kimberley Tram Ser- that dates back to 1845 and was declared a vice dates back to the beginning of the 20th monument in 1994. The historical home, Oude century and still transports passengers from Radyn, is possibly the only building in the the City Hall to the Mine Museum. Western Cape to have Batavian wooden gut- Underground mine tours are a big attraction, ters and down pipes. as are the famous ghost tours, during which many historical buildings are seen from a different perspective. Hand and mechanical In November 2012, South African National Parks' diamond-digging by private diggers can be (SANParks) newest attraction, Mokala National viewed by appointment. Park in the Northern Cape, added two important The McGregor Museum houses invaluable properties, Lilydale and Valschfontein, as part of its expansion programme. collections of the archaeological finds in the With the inclusion of the two properties, Mokala area, as well as San art works. The house now covers 28 151 hectares. This achievement where Sol Plaatje (African National Congress was marked with a fence-cutting ceremony on founding member and human-rights activist) 8 November 2012 at the Valschfontein section of lived in Kimberley, has a library of Plaatje’s and the park. other black South African writers’ works, and was established in 2007 several displays, including a portrayal of black as an alternative to the Vaalbos National Park, involvement in the Anglo-Boer/South African which was the subject of a land claim. The event War. marked the realisation of a commitment from The Paterson Museum near the Kimberley SANParks to the Northern Cape Government at the time of the land claim and subsequent loss of Airport houses a replica of a Paterson biplane, the Vaalbos National Park. which was used for pilot training by the flying school operated by the Paterson Aviation Syn-

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dicate at Alexandersfontein. A township tour (Tswana for “the little water calabash”) – com- of Galeshewe provides a fresh perspective on monly called the “Eye of Kuruman” – which South Africa’s socio-historical realities. Pan yields 20 million litres of water a day. African Congress founder Robert Sobukwe’s Moffat’s Mission in Kuruman features the house is there. house of missionary Robert Moffat, the church The Magersfontein Battlefield outside Kim- he built, and several other historic buildings. berley, with its original trenches and other Moffat translated the Bible into Setswana – the defences intact, is the site of the ’ crush- first African language in which the Bible was ing defeat of the British during the Siege of made accessible. The printing press on which Kimberley. A cultural centre at Wildebeestkuil he printed the first 2 000 copies can still be outside Kimberley features !Xun and Khwe viewed. The church he built seats 800 people artwork for sale and a tour of rock engravings and is still in use. by these indigenous people. Explorer David Livingstone married Moffat’s In October 2011, the first ever Maloof Money daughter and started many famous travels Cup World Skateboarding Championships was from this mission station. held in Kimberley. In 2012, the city also hosted The Wonderwerk Cave at Kuruman features the second Maloof Money Cup World Skate- extensive San paintings that may be viewed by boarding Championships. appointment. In February 2012, the Mittah Seperepere The Kalahari Raptor Centre cares for injured Convention Centre was opened in Kimberley. birds. Many of these majestic creatures can be This facility, which has a capacity of 2 500 seen at close quarters. Another marvel is the seats indoors and 3 500 seats in the open-air Witsand Nature Reserve, situated about 80 km arena, is set to be the main instrument to drive south-west of Postmasburg, which features business tourism to the province. By November a 100-m high dune of brilliant white sand. It 2012, 25 events had already been confirmed. stretches for about 9 km and is about 2 km A short distance from Kimberley is the min- wide. ing town of Barkley West, which, owing to its proximity to the Vaal River, attracts many Green Kalahari water-sports enthusiasts and anglers. The Roaring Sands site on the farm Doornaar Tucked along the Vaal River near Barkley near Groblershoop is a popular tourist attrac- West lies the Vaalbos National Park. The park tion. Its high sand dunes, surrounded by is not only home to large raptors, but is also a typically red Kalahari dunes, are said to “roar” breeding centre for endangered African herbi- when the wind blows. vores such as rhino, roan and sable antelope Eleven waterwheels are still used today along and disease-free buffalo. the hand-built irrigation canals at Kakamas. In March 2012, the first ever Green Kalahari Kalahari Canoe Marathon was staged over a distance At Black Rock, visitors have the opportunity to of 99 km lasting three days and attracted 45 view a worked-out manganese mine. paddlers. Danielskuil lies at the foot of the Kuruman hills. Kanoneiland is a settlement on the biggest The Tswana people occupied the area before it island in the Orange River. became home to the Griquas. Boesmansgat, on At Keimoes, the Orange River flows at its the farm Mount Carmel outside Danielskuil, is a widest. The Tierberg Nature Reserve offers unique natural sinkhole – the second-deepest spectacular views of the Keimoes Valley and and largest of its kind in the world. the many islands in the Orange River. The Known as the “Oasis of the Kalahari”, Kuru- original irrigation canal system is still in use. man is blessed with a permanent and abundant The Orange River Wine Cellar’s largest cellar source of water that flows from Gasegonyana is situated here.

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Kenhardt is the oldest town in the Lower Namaqualand Orange River area. The Quiver Tree Forest and The indigenous people of the Namaqualand Kokerboom Hiking Trail, consisting of between region are the Namas. Their traditional Nama 4 000 and 5 000 quiver trees, are within easy reed huts still abound in Leliefontein, Nourivier driving distance of the town. and Steinkopf. Upington is the commercial, educational and Namaqualand is famous for a spectacular social centre of the Green Kalahari, owing its annual show in spring when an abundance of prosperity to agriculture and its irrigated lands wild flowers covers vast tracts of desert. The along the Orange River. A camel-and-rider flowers sprout and survive for a brief period statue in front of the town’s police station pays before they wilt and disappear in the blistering tribute to the “mounties”, who patrolled the heat and dry conditions just as suddenly as harsh desert territory on camels. they appeared. The small town of Garies is the In August 2012, the Speed centre for those setting out to enjoy this show Week was held at Hakskeen Pan, 200 km north of exuberance in the Kamiesberg. of Upington. This was the first ever annual After diamonds were discovered along Speed Week Club event in Africa for vehicles the West Coast in 1925, Alexander Bay was and motorcycles. The Mier area, in particular, known for its mining activities. The town is no continue to attract world-wide attention as the longer a high-security area and no permits are Bloodhound Supersonic Car and Haakskeen needed to enter. The Alexkor Museum paints a Pan are being prepared for the onslaught to picture of the history of the area. The town also break through the unimaginable 1 600 km features the world’s largest desert lichenfield, (1 000 miles) per hour mark. which has some 26 species. The Orange River displays its impressive At Hondeklip Bay, visitors can dive for cray- power at the Augrabies Falls in the Augrabies fish and watch the local fisherfolk conduct their Falls National Park. Visitors can hire canoes to trade. ensure closer contact with the natural heritage Established as a small-vessel harbour surrounding the world’s sixth-largest waterfall. and railway junction in 1954 for the copper- The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park comprises mining industry, Port Nolloth is a centre for the 38 000 m2 of land, making it one of the largest small-scale diamond-recovery and crayfish conservation areas in the world. Straddling the industries. It is the only holiday resort on the Green Kalahari and Botswana, the park is a Diamond Coast. The local factory sells fish and two million-hectare sanctuary for various rap- crayfish in season. tors, antelope, gemsbok, springbok, blue wil- Set in a narrow valley bisecting the granite debeest, red hartebeest, eland, Kalahari lion, domes of the Klein Koperberge lies Springbok. black-maned lion, brown and spotted hyena, South of Springbok, near Kamieskroon, lies leopard, cheetah, and smaller game, including the Skilpad Wild Flower Reserve, part of the mongoose, porcupine and the endangered , which captures the full honey badger. grandeur of the flower season. The 1 000-ha The names of various landmarks within the reserve is open only during the flower season. park reflect its long history as a crossroads of The Goegap Nature Reserve comprises many cultures, which have included the San, 15 004 ha of typically granite, rocky hills and the Mier, the Huguenots and the Scottish at sandy flats. The reserve also offers a 4x4 trail, various times. as well as several hiking and mountain-biking The park is an important element of the first trails. phase of the Transfrontier Conservation Area Namaqualand is also home to the Ais-Ais/ 2010 Strategy, which is a priority of the South- Richtersveld National Park. It is managed jointly ern African Development Community. by the local Nama people and South African National Parks.

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Upper Karoo (Bo-Karoo) waterskiing, boardsailing, boating and swim- Flanked by the Towerberg, Colesberg is one of ming, or visit the Eskom Hydroelectric Power the Northern Cape’s most beautiful towns. Station situated within the dam’s wall. The town features one of the country’s last Victoria West is home to the Apollo working horsemills. An Anglo-Boer/South Af- Theatre, the only Art Deco period theatre in the rican War tour is also on offer. A weekend tour Southern Hemisphere. Up until 2009, it was includes a visit to the Norvals-pont prisoner- world famous for playing host to an annual film of-war camp and cemetery. Colesberg has festival. bred many of the country’s top merino sheep. The rare riverine rabbit is found in the Vic- It is also renowned for producing high-quality toria West Nature Reserve. racehorses. De Aar is the most important railway junction Hantam Karoo in South Africa. The author Olive Schreiner Near the small town of Brandvlei lies Verneuk- lived in the town for many years. Visitors can pan, where Sir Malcolm Campbell unsuccess- dine in her former house, which has been con- fully attempted to break the world land-speed verted into a restaurant. record in 1929. Hanover is known for its handmade shoes Carnarvon is well known for its corbelled and articles made mostly from sheepskin and dome-roofed houses built of flat stones leather. because of a lack of wood. The floors of these The “Star of South Africa” diamond was interesting houses were smeared and coloured discovered at Hopetown. The town, which with a rich red mixture of fat and oxblood and is steeped in history, also features an old polished with smooth stone. toll house and a block house dating from the A few kilometres outside Fraserburg lies the Anglo-Boer/South African War, which took Gansfontein Palaeosurface. Discovered in place from 1899 to 1902. 1968, it comprises several trackways of large, At Wonderdraai near Prieska, visitors can four-footed and five-toed mammalian reptiles. see the horseshoe-shaped island formed by The prints are estimated to be some 190 mil- the flow of the Orange River. It seems as if the lion years old. river turns to flow uphill. Sutherland, birthplace of well-known Af- Vanderkloof was built to house the people rikaans author and poet NP van Wyk Louw, building the Vanderkloof Dam. Today, it is a is known for its brilliant night skies and cold, flourishing holiday resort. Visitors can enjoy biting winters. The sterboom (star tree), which blossoms in September, is found only in Sutherland. The Steve Biko Heritage Centre in the Eastern The South African Astronomical Observat- Cape, which was opened in November 2012, ory’s (SAAO) observation telescopes, includ- is intended to educate the public about Biko's leadership and his contribution to freedom and ing the Southern African Large Telescope democracy. It will also contribute to tourism and (Salt), are in Sutherland. poverty eradication through the development of From Monday to Saturday, the SAAO offers cultural industries and to utilise heritage as a tool two guided tours a day and two night tours a for fostering social cohesion. week. Day tours entail a guided walk through The heritage centre in Ginsberg, near King the visitors’ centre adjacent to the telescope Williams Town, was built through a partnership sites on the mountainside and a guided tour of between the Department of Arts and Culture selected telescopes, including the Salt. and the Department of Tourism. The opening of During night tours, visitors can view interest- Steve Biko Centre marked 35 years since the ing objects in the sky through two dedicated black consciousness leader died in police cus- tody in 1977. visitors’ telescopes. Booking is essential.

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Tankwa , on the south- and archaeological displays, including the ern border of the Northern Cape, 70 km west Florisbad Skull, which was discovered in the of Sutherland, offers panoramic views, and is 1930s at the Florisbad Spring, about 50 km home to a host of animals, birds and insects. north of . It encompasses the The National Women’s Memorial is a – an internationally recognised hotspot and sandstone obelisk, 36,5 m high, which com- the world’s only arid hotspot – which stretches memorates the women and children who died 116 000 km² from the southwestern Cape into in concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer/ southern Namibia. South African War from 1899 to 1902. Visitors Tankwa’s landscape offers vivid seasonal get a glimpse of life in the concentration and contrasts of coloured wild flowers and stark prisoner-of-war camps. The research library desert, set against the backdrop of the Rog- contains an extensive collection of Africana. geveld Escarpment to the east, Klein Rog- The Old Presidency dates back to 1885 and geveld to the south and the Cederberg to the was the official residence of three presidents of west. Its extensive desert plateaus is also ideal the former Republic of the . for viewing game such as gemsbok, Cape It houses a museum depicting their respective mountain zebra, springbuck and bustards. terms of office, and a cultural centre for art exhibitions, theatrical productions and musical Free State events. The Free State lies in the heart of South Africa, The Observatory Theatre in Bloemfontein’s with the Kingdom of Lesotho nestling in the Game Reserve is a unique attraction. Naval hollow of its bean-like shape. Hill is the biggest game reserve that is com- Between the Vaal River in the north and the pletely surrounded by a city. Orange River in the south, this immense rolling Bloemfontein has a busy cultural and social- prairie stretches as far as the eye can see. This events calendar. One of the annual events not central region is characterised by endless roll- to be missed is the Mangaung African Cultural ing fields of wheat, sunflowers and maize, and Festival, popularly known as the Macufe Arts forms the principal bread basket of South Africa. Festival, in September. The Sand du Plessis Theatre and Art Gallery Motheo at Oliewenhuis is also worth visiting. With its King’s Park Rose Garden containing Botshabelo (Place of Refuge), 45 km from more than 4 000 rose bushes, the Free State’s Bloemfontein on the N8 road to Lesotho, is major city, Bloemfontein, has rightfully earned believed to be the largest township settlement the nickname “City of Roses”. The city also in the Free State – and the second-largest in hosts an annual rose festival. South Africa after Soweto. The Eerste Raadsaal (First Parliament Build- Nearby, the town of Thaba Nchu features ing), built in 1849 as a school, is Bloemfontein’s luxury hotels and a casino, with the Maria oldest surviving building. Still in its original Moroka Nature Reserve surrounding Thaba condition, this historical building is used as the Nchu Sun and the Setlogelo Dam. seat of the Provincial Legislature. The National Literary Museum and Xhariep Research Centre has works by prominent Af- Bethulie used to be a London Missionary Soci- rikaans authors. Exhibits in the Afrikaans Music ety station. The original mission buildings still Museum and Theatre Museum (part of the stand. The Pellissier House Museum depicts centre) include old musical instruments, sheet the history of events in the area. music, costumes, photographs and furniture. The Anglo-Boer/South African War concen- The national museum is notable for its wide tration camp cemetery in Bethulie is worth a collection of fossils, cultural-historical exhibits visit.

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The Gariep Dam, more than 100 km long is held there. The town is a gateway to the and 15 km wide, is part of the Orange River Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho. Water Scheme, the largest inland expanse of Rosendal, surrounded by the Witte Moun- water in South Africa. Between the dam and tains, celebrated its centenary in 2011. Bethulie is the Gariep Dam Nature Reserve. The Golden Gate Highlands National Park, On the southern side of the dam lies the Ovis- known for its impressive sandstone cliffs and ton Nature Reserve. rock formations, is a popular holiday destina- Philippolis, the oldest town in the Free State, tion. A vulture restaurant allows visitors to was founded as a London Missionary Society observe these scavengers closely. San paint- station in 1824. It was the first mission station ings can also be viewed. in the province. The Highlands Route follows the Lesotho Trompsburg is the hub of the Free State border via Ladybrand and ends at Zastron in Merino sheep-farming industry. the south. San caves and rock art are some of The Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve the main features of the route. reputedly supports more game than any other The bird watching mecca of Seekoeivlei sanctuary in the Free State and receives hunt- Nature Reserve near Memel constitutes a wet- ers in autumn and winter. land with Ramsar status, and is surrounded by A fountain near Koffiefontein was a favourite private game and holiday farms. resting place for transport riders in the 19th Ramsar sites are wetlands of international century. In June 1870, one of these transport importance designated under the Ramsar riders picked up a diamond near the fountain. Convention. This prompted a rush, and by 1882 Koffie- fontein was a booming town with four mining Lejweleputswa region companies. Bethlehem, which lies on the banks of the Jor- daan River, was founded by the Voortrekkers Thabo Mofutsanyana in the 1840s. The banks of the Jordaan River Snow-capped mountains and beautiful scen- form part of the Pretoriuskloof Nature Reserve ery provide a backdrop to this pristine area. – a sanctuary for birds and small game. The The Basotho Cultural Village in the QwaQwa museum in Miller Street depicts the history of Nature Reserve is a living museum where the area. visitors can witness the Sotho traditions and Van Reenen’s Pass winds through the Dra- lifestyle in the chief’s kraal. kensberg, and was originally used by migrat- Clocolan is known for the beauty of its cherry ing herds of zebra, hartebeest, blesbok and trees, when they are in full bloom in spring. wildebeest. The Llandaff Oratory in the nearby San rock paintings and engravings are also village of Van Reenen is believed to be the found in the area. smallest Roman Catholic church in the world. Clarens is often described as the “Jewel At Harrismith, there are various memorials in of the Free State”, owing to its exceptionally honour of those who fought in the Anglo-Boer/ beautiful scenery. San paintings are found South African War and World War I. Of particu- on farms in the area. Close by, the Highlands lar interest is a memorial for the Scots Guards Route meanders along the foothills of the and Grenadier Guards. Maluti Mountains. One can also explore the Platberg, the 2 394-m “flat mountain”, is the magnificent mountain scenery by bike. town’s landmark. A well-known race, claimed The town is known for the many arts and by some to be the toughest in the country, crafts shops, which offer the visitor a wide is run annually up, along and back down the range of curios and original artwork. mountain. Sterkfontein Dam is ideal for water Ficksburg is known for its cherry and aspar- sports and fishing. An open-water swimming agus farms. Every November, a cherry festival race takes place there annually.

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The Riemland Museum in Heilbron depicts 3 500 objects that depict the development of the heritage and agricultural activities of the the game. region. Jagersfontein has the deepest man-made The QwaQwa district is a traditional home to hole in the world. The Excelsior diamond of the Basotho people. Karakul carpets, mohair, 971 carats was found in this open-cast mine in wall hangings, copper, glassware and brass 1893. Eagles nest against the cliffs of the mine. are made and sold at Phuthaditjhaba. The nearby Metsi Matsho and Fika Patso dams are Eastern Cape renowned for trout fishing. The main feature of the Eastern Cape is its Welkom is known for its gold mines. It is also magnificent coastline. With its wide open the only city in the country where traffic circles sandy beaches, secluded lagoons and tower- are used instead of traffic lights. ing cliffs, the Indian Ocean coastline makes the The world’s deepest wine cellar is at the province most attractive to tourists and water St Helena Mine, which is 857 m below the sports enthusiasts. Earth’s surface. Added to the diverse coastal experiences Bothaville is regarded as the centre of the are more than 60 state-owned game reserves Free State Maize Route. The Nampo Har- and over 30 private game farms, which col- vest Farm and Festival attracts more than lectively cover an area greater than the Kruger 20 000 visitors each year and is the second- National Park. largest private agricultural show in the world. Bothaville also hosts the annual Food and Amatola mountain region Witblits Festival, drawing visitors from all over The Amatola Mountains are famous for their South Africa. scenery and history, and stretch from Adelaide The sandstone church in Kestell is possibly in the east to Stutterheim in the west. With its the most impressive of all the Eastern Free lush forests and ancient battlefields, it is an State’s sandstone buildings. area steeped in Xhosa culture and early settler Winburg is the oldest town and first capital history. of the former Republic of the Orange Free The dense forests of the Amatolas are a State. The Voortrekker Museum, using life-size haven for the endangered Cape parrot, and models, depicts the daily routine of the trek- were also home to the first dinosaur to be iden- kers. A concentration camp cemetery is situ- tified in South Africa, the Blinkwater Monster, ated close by. a large fossilised reptile discovered near Fort Sasolburg originated in 1954 with the estab- Beaufort. lishment of Sasol, the synthetic fuel producer. Outdoor enthusiasts enjoy Cathcart, where Parys, situated on the banks of the Vaal troutfishing, hiking, riding and bird watching River, offers tourists a tranquil river retreat. are among the attractions. The Amatole Hiking The nearby Vredefort Dome World Heritage Trail is a well-known scenic, but strenuous, Site was caused by the collision of a meteorite trail. with the Earth many years ago. It is the only The coastal city of Port Elizabeth, which has world heritage site in the Free State. earned the name “Friendly City”, is a superb It features unique fauna and flora, including holiday destination offering a diverse mix of 100 different plant species, more than 300 bird eco-attractions. The Isuzu National Sailing types and a variety of small mammals. Various Week is held annually in April in the waters of hiking and mountain-bike trails are also on Algoa Bay. offer. The Red Location Museum of the People’s Jukskei is the first indigenous game that Struggle in New Brighton – winner of three has developed to international participation. international awards – was designed to be both The Jukskei Museum in Kroonstad has over a monument to South Africa’s struggle against

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and an integral part of community life Mandela. In the city of Mthatha, the Nelson in a township that acted as a crucible for the Mandela Museum tells the story of this great struggle. figure. The museum is a collection of heritage The city boasts various scuba-diving sectors spread across three locations: Qunu, sites. Visitors can also visit Bay World with Mveso and Mthatha. its oceanarium and snake park, and many A display reflecting the life and times of splendid museums. Other attractions include Mandela can be found at the Bhunga Build- the Greater Addo Elephant National Park ing section of the Nelson Mandela Museum and game reserves; the traditional healing in Mhatha. Mandela has received thousands village, Kaya Lendaba; bird watching; air of gifts from presidents, groups and ordinary tours; canoeing; various mountain-bike and people. Accepted on behalf of the people of horse-riding trails; and organised outdoor South Africa, they are in safekeeping at the excursions. museum for the benefit and appreciation of Within the city there are some beautiful the nation. Artefacts range from children’s let- parks with well-landscaped gardens, includ- ters to bejewelled camel covers. ing St George’s Park, which covers 73 ha The alignment of the N2 national route and houses the famous Port Elizabeth Cricket along the Wild Coast will help open up invest- Club, the oldest bowling green in South Africa; ment opportunities in this area. Prince Alfred’s Guard Memorial; the 1882 Vic- Coffee Bay is popular among surfers, torian Pearson Conservatory; and the 54-ha anglers and shell collectors. Settlers’ Park. To the south is the prominent rock forma- Tourists can also explore the Donkin Her- tion, the Hole in the Wall. The local Xhosa call itage Trail, take a ride on the famous Apple this place Izi Khaleni ("Place of Thunder"). Express, and hike along the site of ancient During high tide, the waves move through the shipwrecks on the Sacramento Trail. At King hole in such a way that the concussion can be William’s Town, tourists can visit the Amathole heard throughout the valley. Missionary Museum. The grave of the Black Consciousness activist, Steve Biko, is also in Karoo the town. The vast plains of the Karoo have an air of grandeur, and its many picturesque towns are Wild Coast steeped in history. Since Portuguese mariners first pioneered The Owl House in Nieu-Bethesda displays the sea route around the Cape to India, this the creative talent of the late Helen Martins. notorious coast has claimed countless ships. Statues of mermaids, wise men, camels, owls Southern right and humpback whales and and churches create a wonderland in the gar- their calves are regularly spotted from the high den. All the artworks were created with broken dunes, usually between May and November, bottles, bits of mirror and cement. while common and bottlenose dolphins are More than 200 houses in Graaff-Reinet often seen close to shore. have been restored to their original Victorian The entire region, once known as the appearance, and proclaimed national mon- “Trans-kei homeland”, is the home of a major uments. The Old Library Museum houses the section of the Xhosa-speaking southern Nguni Lex Bremner Fossil Collection of Karoo reptile (or Pondo) tribes. Brightly coloured examples fossils and a collection of Khoi and San art of their beadwork, together with traditional reproductions. Urquhart House has a popular pottery and basketry, can be bought from genealogical research centre. roadside vendors and at some trading posts. Almost 50 km south-west of Graaff-Reinet is Visitors to the rural village of Qunu can the Kalkkop Crater, a gigantic circular impact view the childhood home of former President that is of major scientific importance.

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To the north-west of Graaff-Reinet lies the Other attractions include various museums Valley of Desolation. A steep and narrow road and historical buildings, the oldest postbox in leads into the mountains that surround the South Africa, botanical gardens, the cathe- valley. drals of St Michael and St George, nature The Valley of Desolation is a national monu- reserves and hiking trails. Situated north- ment within the Karoo Nature Reserve, and east of Grahamstown, the Great Fish River was formed millions of years ago by weather- Reserve consists primarily of valley ing erosion. habitat and is surrounded by both tribal land The first evidence of the presence of dino- and commercial game reserves and farms. saurs in South Africa can be viewed at Maclear. The reserve boasts abundant wildlife such The Mountain Zebra National Park is a as white rhino, giraffe, waterbuck, Cape buf- haven for the Cape mountain zebra species, falo, hippo, kudu, springbok and eland. which at one time inhabited most of the Cape. There are several historic forts and remains The park saved these animals from extinction from the legendary frontier wars located in the and today their population stands at about area. 300. East London, which forms part of the Nel- Other species found in the park include son Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, is various antelope such as eland, the African South Africa’s only river port city, was origi- wildcat, bat-eared fox, and more than 200 bird nally established as a supply port to serve the species, including the pale-winged starling, colonial British military headquarters at King the booted eagle and the blue crane. William’s Town. The city’s own waterfront development, Latimer’s Landing, is situated N6 Route on the banks of the Buffalo River. This route runs from Bloemfontein to East The East London Aquarium houses approx- London. Popular attractions include the slopes imately 400 different marine and freshwater of the Tiffindell Ski Resort and the trout-filled species. streams, as well as the many caves adorned The East London Museum depicts the with ancient rock art. Several historic towns natural environment and rich heritage of the can be found in the region, including Barkly region. Best known for the prehistoric coela- East, Rhodes, Lady Grey, Elliot, Aliwal North, canth, the museum also displays reconstruc- Burgersdorp and Queenstown. tions of the extinct dodo of Mauritius, along with the only extant dodo egg in the world. Sunshine Coast The Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area is the The Sunshine Coast comprises miles of largest of the inland protected areas and unspoilt, sun-drenched beaches. provides opportunities to visit spectacular Port Alfred lies at the mouth of the Kowie fynbos-covered mountains on foot or in off- River. Coastal hills are home to the oribi – a road vehicles. small territorial buck that was recently near There is a fascinating shell collection at the extinction. Shell Museum at Kei Mouth. Inland, Grahamstown is sometimes referred to as the “City of Saints”, because of the more Tsitsikamma than 40 churches found in the town. It is also This region, stretching from Plettenberg Bay to known for the National Arts Festival, which is Jeffreys Bay, is renowned for its dense forests, held annually. During the festival, Grahams- majestic mountains and deep river gorges. It town is transformed into a dedicated arts venue forms the eastern end of the Garden Route. where performers, visual artists, audiences, The word “tsitsikamma” is derived from the writers and craftspeople fuse in a celebration Khoekhoen words “tse-tsesa” meaning clear, of creative energy. and “gami” meaning water.

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South Africa’s first marine park, the Tsitsi- kamma National Park, extends along a rocky In May 2012, a rare butterfly, the Waterberg coastline of 50 km, and 3 km out to sea. Copper (Erikssonia edgei), which was thought Inland, adventure-seekers will find deep to have gone extinct almost 30 years ago, was gorges and temperate evergreen forests rediscovered by a lepidopterist, Mark Williams, at Bateleur Nature Reserve north-west of Bela-Bela criss-crossed by six hiking trails, including the in the Waterberg district of Limpopo. Thanks to five-day Otter Trail. The varied wildlife includes the pristine conditions and favourable habitat, dolphins and whales, caracal, genet, chacma this is currently the butterfly's only known location baboon, dassie and mongoose. Prominent in the world. It was last seen in the only known bird species in the area are the African black colony, west of Modimolle, in the early 1980s. oystercatcher, the orange-breasted sunbird, the Nerina trogon and the colourful Knysna loerie. A lucky few may catch a glimpse of the rare The Makapansgat Caves and limeworks near Cape clawless otter, after which the Otter Trail Mokopane represent an archaeological site of is named. Another popular adventure is a black- global importance. water tubing experience on the Storms River. The Thabazimbi district has a large concen- tration of private game reserves and is one of Limpopo the fastest-growing eco-tourism areas in the Limpopo is a land of dramatic contrasts char- country. The is home acterised by hot plains and mist-clad to some rare yellowwood and cedar trees and mountains, age-old indigenous forests and the world’s largest colony of Cape vultures. It cycads alongside modern plantations, and is also a leader in the conservation of the black ancient mountain fortresses and the luxury of rhino outside of the and contemporary infrastructure and modern-day the KwaZulu-Natal parks. facilities. Bela-Bela is known for its hot springs. There Steeped in history, Limpopo celebrates a are also a number of game reserves and leisure rich cultural heritage, and at many archaeolo- resorts in the area. gical sites the mysteries of the past and The Waterberg range is rich in indigenous ancient peoples are still being unearthed. The trees, streams, springs, wetlands and birdlife. present tranquillity of the province belies a Cliffs known as the “Palace of the Vultures” turbulent past, to which many monuments and harbour a large breeding colony of Cape vul- museums attest. Much of the land, particularly tures. Modimolle is the region’s main town. in the Kruger National Park and other game and nature reserves, is unspoilt, and provides Capricorn district sanctuary to large numbers of game. The Bakone Malapa Open-Air Museum out- side is a traditional Northern Sotho Waterberg kraal. Men and women practise traditional The Nylsvley Nature Reserve boasts one of skills such as making baskets, clay pots, furni- the greatest concentrations of waterfowl and ture and utensils, and preparing hides. bushveld birds in South Africa. More than Polokwane is considered the premier game- 400 species frequent the area. The Mokopane hunting destination in South Africa. It is ideally vicinity has several nature reserves. located near the neighbouring countries of The Arend Dieperink Museum features a fine Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swa- cultural-historical collection. The Makapansgat ziland. Caves are notable for their fossils and the Zion City at Moria, near Polokwane, is the caves are being developed into an archae- headquarters of the Zion Christian Church, ological site. Makapan Valley is an extension of which attracts more than a million pilgrims every the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. Easter.

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Polokwane offers a variety of museums Thulamela, in the northern part of the Kruger and art galleries, including among others, National Park, was opened to guided groups the Bakone Malapa Museum, the Polokwane in June 1997. This followed seven years of Museum and the Hugh Exton Photographic archaeological excavations, which brought to Museum. light the skeletons of two ancient royals and a multitude of artefacts, including gold bangles, Vhembe district beads and a double gong. The Mapungubwe Archaeological Site, 80 km west of Musina, lies within the boundaries of Bohlabela district the . It is one of the On the way to the Kruger National Park, visitors richest of its kind in Africa and a world herit- can enjoy wildlife experiences at Manyeleti, age site. Excavations in the 1930s uncovered home to the Big Five. Adventurers can attempt a royal graveyard, which included a number of mountain climbing at the Mangwazi Nature golden artefacts, including the famous gold-foil Reserve and enjoy the Mapulaneng Trail at rhinoceros. Zoeknog. The Inyaka Dam at Bushbuckridge is The Schoemansdal Voortrekker Town and also worth a visit. Museum, west of Makhado, is built on the site of an original Voortrekker village and depicts North West their lifestyle between 1848 and 1852. North West is blessed with several cultural vil- Also worth visiting is the Big Tree in the lages that entertain and enrich visitors. Mutale Municipality, the Tshatshingo potholes, A number of excellent game reserves have the mystical lake of Dzivhafundudzi and the been established, including the Pilanesberg holy forest and waterfalls at Phiphidi. National Park, situated in the transition zone between the Kalahari and the Lowveld. Home Mopani district to the Big Five, the park offers a wide variety of The Lekgameetse Nature Reserve in the accommodation, is close to popular attractions northern foothills of the Drakensberg is part of such as Sun City and only a two/three-hour the Cloud Mountain Biosphere. This 18 000-ha drive from Johannesburg. nature reserve is well known for its abundant The park has an area of approximately 550 butterflies in every colour of the rainbow. km², making it the fourth largest park in South The Modjadji Nature Reserve, north of Africa, with an abundance of animals, and over Tzaneen, is named after the legendary Rain 300 bird species. Queen, Modjadji, who is believed to have settled in the area early in the 16th century. The reserve Central district encompasses the world’s largest concentration The historic route of Mafikeng includes an of the cycad species Encephalartos trans- Anglo-Boer/South African War siege site, the venosus, also known as the Modjadji cycad. Molema House where Sol Plaatje lived while The Hans Merensky Nature Reserve and Mineral Spa on the southern banks of the Great Letaba River supports a large variety of In August 2012, Domestic Tourism in North West game. At the adjoining Tsonga Kraal Open-Air received a boost when the Minister of Tourism, Museum, arts, crafts and traditional huts reflect Marthinus van Schalkwyk, launched the new tour- the Tsonga lifestyle of 100 years ago. ism initiative, Harties Cableway, which spans the The Kruger National Park (northern section) majestic Hartebeespoort Dam and Magaliesberg is one of South Africa’s major tourist attractions. mountains. The Harties Cableway offers visitors panoramic views of the beautiful surrounds, as The park is home to a large number and wide well as various recreational and educational variety of amphibians, reptiles and birds, as well facilities. as 147 mammal species, including the Big Five.

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writing his Mafikeng Diary, and the Mafikeng Research Centre specialises in breeding chee- Museum. tah and other endangered wildlife species. The Lichtenburg Biodiversity Conservation Other places of interest include the Borakalalo Centre and the Botsalano Game Reserve are Game Reserve, the Margaret Roberts Herb well worth a visit. Farm and the Phaladingwe Nature Trail. The Groot Marico region is known as mam- There are several golf courses in the area. poer country and visitors can explore the Mampoer Route. The Kortkloof Cultural Village Bophirima district is dedicated to the Tswana people. The Taung Skull Fossil Site and Blue Pools Other attractions include the Wondergat; are renowned for the Taung skull found in the Bosbult Monument, which commemorates the Buxton quarries. In July 2005, the World a battle fought during the Anglo-Boer/South Heritage Committee declared the Taung Skull African War; the Kaditshwene Iron Age Village Fossil Site an extension of the Sterkfontein Ruins; and various hiking trails. Fossil Hominid Site. This region is popular Ottosdal is situated in the centre of the with adventure seekers – especially those North West and was established as a Dutch who enjoy the 4x4 routes and hunting farms. Reformed Church parish on the farm Koranna- fontein in 1913 and named after its owner, GP Rustenburg district Otto. Ottosdal is the only place in South Africa The Pilanesberg National Park supports more where the unique “wonderstone”, or pyrophyl- than 7 000 head of game and 350 bird species. lite, is found and mined. The 60 000-ha Madikwe Game Reserve The annual agricultural show in Ottosdal is is home to 66 large mammal species. Over one of the oldest in the province. Trenches 10 000 animals of 27 major species have and cemeteries dating from the Anglo-Boer/ been reintroduced under Operation Phoenix. South African War can be found on the farms A hot-air balloon ride, day and night game Gestoptefontein and Driekuil. San rock engrav- drives and bushwalks are available. The ings, Stone Age implements and structures are reserve boasts the second largest elephant found on farms such as Witpoort, Gestoptefon- population in South Africa and guests are tein, Driekuil and Korannafontein. assured of sighting not only the Big Five but In the Garden of Remembrance are graves also the elusive cheetah and endangered wild of soldiers killed during the war. The Old Farm- dog. The Royal Madikwe clinched the title of house that was built in 1910 houses a unique the World’s Best Luxury Game Lodge 2011. African collection. The Old Water Mill that was Sun City and the Palace of the Lost City are built around 1860 is a national monument. very popular tourist attractions, offering gamb- The Ottosdal Night Race is organised in ling, golf, extravaganza shows, watersport conjunction with the Diamond Marathon Club. and an artificial sea. There are various hiking The event consists of 42,2-km, 21,1-km,10-km trails in the region. races and a 5-km fun run. The Heritage Route starts at the Sterkfon- tein Caves World Heritage Site and ends at Eastern district Pilanesberg. Hartbeespoort Dam is a popular spot for week- end outings, breakfast runs and yachting. The Southern district Hartbeespoort Reptile and Animal Park is situ- The OPM Prozesky Bird Sanctuary in Potchef- ated on the banks of the dam. stroom has over 200 bird species and is situ- Cultural experiences in the area include the ated adjacent to the Mooi River. The Oudorp popular Mapoch and Gaabo Motho cultural vil- Hiking Trail takes visitors through the old part lages as well as the Ring Wagon Inn. of Klerksdorp where 12 Voortrekker families The De Wildt Cheetah Breeding and settled.

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Other attractions in the region include the Nelspruit Potchefstroom Lakeside Resort, the Faan Nelspruit is the capital of Mpumalanga and Meintjies Nature Reserve in Klerksdorp, mine the commercial and administrative hub of the tours at Orkney, the Diggers Route at Wol- Lowveld. The Nelspruit Historical Trail is an maransstad and the Bloemhof Dam Nature hour-long route stretching from the Promenade Reserve. Centre to the Civic Centre. The Blue Train runs between Pretoria and Mpumalanga Nelspruit on a chartered route called the “Val- Mpumalanga – “The Place Where the Sun ley of the Olifants Route”. Rovos Rail’s trains Rises” – epitomises every traveller’s dream also travel to Nelspruit. of the true African experience. Located in the The Green Heritage Hiking Trail in the Nel- north-eastern part of South Africa, the province spruit Nature Reserve is one of several walks is bordered by Mozambique to the east and the in the reserve and one of many in the region. Kingdom of Swaziland to the south and east. Not to be missed is the Lowveld Botanical The climate and topography vary from cool Garden, as well as the Reptile Park, the Sud- highland at 1 600 m above sea wala Caves and the PR Owen Dinosaur Park. level, through the middleveld and escarp- The tranquil town of White River to the ment, to the subtropical Lowveld towards the north of Nelspruit, is well known as an artists’ Kruger National Park and many private game haven and a gateway to the Kruger National reserves. Scenic beauty, climate and wildlife, Park. The town also boasts an orange winery. voted the most attractive features of South Rottcher Wineries have taken advantage of the Africa, are found in abundance in this province. area’s prime production of oranges to make a Attractions range from game viewing and bird truly unique wine, which has been a hallmark watching to scenic drives across the valleys of the area for over 50 years. and peaks of the vast Drakensberg escarp- ment, and include agritourism, industrial and Panorama adventure tourism and cultural experiences. Barberton features many reminders of the early Historical sites and cultural villages, old gold-rush era. Museums include Belhaven, wagon routes and monuments mark events Fernlea House and Stopforth House. The and characters who passed this way in search only known verdite deposits in the world are of adventure and wealth. found in the rocks of the Barberton district. The Ndebele bead work and wall-painting in the annual Diggers Festival is held in September. north-west, the arts and crafts of the Lowveld The Blyderivierspoort Nature Reserve near and the different traditional villages throughout Graskop is characterised by striking rock for- the province offer a unique insight into the mations and a rich diversity of plants. Within people’s history and cultures. the reserve, the Bourke’s Luck potholes were formed by river erosion and the action of flood Plans are underway to give the Lowveld's Pano- water. rama a facelift in 2013. A R44-million emergency The spectacular Blyde River Canyon is a fund has been set aside to upgrade a number of 26-km-long gorge carved out of the face of the nature reserves throughout the province. These escarpment, and is one of the natural wonders include the Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve, of Africa. The canyon is the third-largest in the Manyeleti Reserve, Loskop Dam Nature Reserve world, the only green canyon, and hosts three and Songimvelo Reserve. The Blyde River rivers that feed the Blydepoort Dam at Swadini. Canyon will enjoy preference with renovations God’s Window provides a magnificent pan- starting as soon as possible at the Bourke's Luck oramic view across miles of densely forested Potholes, God's Window, the Three Rondawels, Lowveld Views and River Falls. mountains, the green Lowveld and the canyon. The Blyderivierspoort Hiking Trail is one of the

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most popular in the country. A number of other Highlands Meander hiking trails are also available. The Highlands Meander is a mecca for fly- The southern section of the Kruger National fishers. It is in the placid and pristine waters of Park, which is a major tourist attraction, falls this region that one finds various stocks of fish, within this region. with trout as the major draw card. Kaapsehoop is a quaint historical village The meander also offers numerous other known for the wild horses that frequent the activities. district. Blue swallows are regular visitors from At the Verloren Vlei and Steenkampsberg September to April. nature reserves at Dullstroom one can get a The Lydenburg Museum is situated in the rare glimpse of the endangered blue, wattled Gustav Klingbiel Reserve, which is the site of and crowned cranes. archaeological ruins from the Later Iron Age. The Loskop Dam Nature Reserve offers The Lydenburg Heads, human-like masks game watching, boating and fishing. dated to 500 AD, were discovered in this area. Many hiking trails are available, such as the Sabie is the centre of the largest man-made Elandskrans Trail, which includes a 30-minute forest in South Africa. The Cultural Historical train ride between Waterval-Boven and Water- Forestry Museum depicts various aspects of val-Onder. the country’s forestry industry. The Bridal Veil, Horseshoe and Lone Creek waterfalls, and Cultural Heartland Mac Mac pools and falls just outside Sabie are Visitors to the Cultural Heartland can immerse well worth a visit. In August 2012, Sabie was themselves in the true cultural heritage of named as Rapport and Kwela’s Town of the Mpumalanga. Here, one can learn about the Year 2012. proud and welcoming Ndebele people, revered The 69-km Prospector’s Trail starts at the for the striking and colourful geometric patterns Mac Mac Forest Station and leads to the on their houses, clothing and beadwork. Bourke’s Luck potholes. This region also has illuminating historical At the Montrose Falls in Schoemanskloof, sites such as the Botshabelo Historical Village, the Crocodile River cascades 12 m into a near Middelburg. series of rock pools. It is also the starting point of the annual Lowveld Crocodile Canoe Mara- Cosmos Country thon, held in February. Cosmos Country covers parts of what is known Pilgrim’s Rest is a living museum and a replica as the energy belt of Mpumalanga, which of the early gold-mining town. The Alanglade is home to a number of power stations. This House Museum offers guided tours of the for- region also has the world’s largest underground mer mine manager’s house, while the Diggings coal-mining complex and the Sasol plant that is Museum just outside the town arranges guided renowned for its oil-from-coal technology. tours of gold-panning activities. The carpet of cosmos flowers that blossoms This area was the setting for Jock of the in late summer lures visitors to this region. Bushveld, the novel by Sir Percy Fitzpatrick about the experiences of a man and his dog as Wild Frontier they shared adventures in the world of African Various archaeological discoveries dating gold mining. back almost three billion years were made in The Dredzen Shop Museum features a the imposing mountains of this region. Visitors range of items in use nearly a century ago. The can enjoy a rare glimpse of the inimitable San Pilgrim’s Rest Festival is held every December. paintings embossed in some rocks. Mount Sheba Nature Reserve, south of Pil- The region also holds rich historical senti- grim’s Rest, is best known for its indigenous ments centred on the monument of the late forest – one of few left in the region. Mozambican President Samora Machel, con-

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structed in the village of Mbuzini. The year 2006 Tourism attractions in and around the Cradle saw the 20th anniversary of Machel’s death in of Humankind have grown to more than 380, an aircraft crash. with over half of these offering graded accom- While they are in this region, visitors have modation. Dinokeng attractions continue to the opportunity to visit Swaziland and Mozam- grow. bique, which are nearby. The Vaal Dam, which supplies water to most of Gauteng’s residents, covers some 300 km2 Grass and Wetlands and is a popular venue for watersports. Numer- Grass and Wetlands is a paradise, with its ous resorts line the shore. The dam also variety of bird species. This region stretches attracts diverse bird species. across the deep valleys and mountains of Vanderbijlpark was built during the late the east where thermal springs bubble to the 1940s by the then Iron and Steel Corporation surface. to accommodate its employees. There are 270 pans and lakes within a 20-km The Sterkfontein Caves near Krugersdorp radius of Lake Chrissie. In this region, visitors are the site of the discovery of the famous skull can take part in the unusual “frogging expedi- of Mrs Ples, an estimated 2,5-million-year-old tion” or simply gaze at the stars during “star- hominid fossil, and Little Foot, an almost com- gazing weekends”. plete hominid skeleton some 3,3 million years old. Gauteng The broader Cradle of Humankind site Gauteng, the “Place of Gold”, is the com- consists of 47 000 ha, with numerous caves, mercial powerhouse of the country, but its the most famous of which are the Sterkfontein offerings are not limited to commerce and caves. industry. Anchored by the cities of Johannes- In 1999, Sterkfontein and its environs were burg and Pretoria, Gauteng provides plenty in declared a world heritage site. the way of entertainment through its network Forty per cent of all the world’s human of upmarket shopping malls, casinos, street ancestor fossils have been found here, includ- markets, theatres, restaurants, museums and ing several of the world’s most famous and parks. important fossils. Gauteng is characterised by a cosmopol- A further 500 hominid fossils and more than itan mix of people from all walks of life. The 9 000 stone tools have been excavated in the province’s unique cultural and social legacy area, and work is ongoing. is evident from the many excellent museums, The Krugersdorp Game Reserve provides theatres, cultural precincts and craft markets. sanctuary for several game species, including Although Gauteng is the most populated, four of the Big Five. The African Fauna and built-up and industrialised province, it still Bird Park houses various species of wildlife boasts some natural areas offering a variety and birds. of leisure activities such as day hikes, picnic The South African National Railway and spots and sports activities. Steam Museum at Randfontein Estates Gold These include the Suikerbosrand Nature Mine outside Krugersdorp houses some of Reserve (Heidelberg); Braamfontein Spruit the country’s old steam locomotives, a diesel- Trust, The Wilds on Houghton and the Klip- electric locomotive, and more than 50 vintage riviersberg Nature Reserve in Johannesburg; passenger coaches. Train rides are offered the Kloofendal Nature Reserve and Walter once a month. Sisulu Botanical Gardens (in Roodepoort); and A team of Lippizaner stallions performs the National Botanical Garden, Smuts House every Sunday at the South African National Museum, and Freedom Park in Pretoria; as Horsemanship Centre in Kyalami, near Johan- well as the Tswaing Crater Trail. nesburg.

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Visitors to Roodepoort can go on walks and trails through the Kloofendal Nature Reserve, Four hop-on hop-off open-top tour buses started or enjoy a picnic or a show at the popular operating in Johannesburg in January 2013. The Kloofendal Amphitheatre. The Walter Sisulu bright red city sightseeing buses are a global National Botanical Garden boasts a 70-m-high brand. They already operate in Cape Town, and in 100 other countries. waterfall and a breeding pair of black eagles. The Johannesburg route starts at the Gautrain Forty kilometres north of Pretoria lies a ring Park Station and proceeds to Gandhi Square, of hills a kilometre in diameter and 100 m high. then City Hall, Roof of Africa at the Carlton Cen- These are the walls of an impact crater left by tre, the James Hall Transport Museum, the Apart- an asteroid that hit the area some 200 000 heid Museum and Gold Reef City, the Mining years ago. District, the World of Beer, the Newtown Precinct, The Tswaing Meteorite Crater is similar in the Origins Centre at Wits University, and ends at size to the well-known Barringer Meteor Cra- Constitution Hill. ter in Arizona, in the USA. The crater walls at Tswaing were originally about twice as high as Museum Africa in Newtown tells the story of they are today. life in South Africa from the Stone Age to the There is a museum adjacent to the crater. Nuclear Age and beyond. A path leads from the museum to the crater, The Market Theatre complex comprises along the rim, and down to the central lake. three theatres, an art gallery, restaurants and The crater is covered with indigenous trees pubs. A bronze statue of the champion of pas- and bushes, which attract a variety of bird life. sive resistance, Mahatma Gandhi, can be seen The old mining town of Cullinan developed in the city centre. around the Premier Diamond Mine. Many turn- The Lesedi Cultural Village in the Swartkops of-the-century houses still stand. The mine has hills north of Johannesburg gives visitors the produced some of the world’s most famous opportunity to meet families of different cultural diamonds, including the Cullinan Diamond, the groupings. It features four traditional home- world’s largest at 3 106 carats. steads where visitors can spend the night with a family of their choice. Johannesburg The Phumangena Zulu Kraal is home to The Adler Museum of the History of Medicine traditional Zulu people living and working there. depicts the history of medicine, dentistry and The Melville Koppies in Johannesburg was pharmacy in South Africa. The Pharmacy once the site of a Stone Age African village and Museum in Melrose houses a large variety of iron-smelting works. Flora include 80% of the medicines, including more than 670 traditional species recorded on the Witwatersrand. It is medicines that have been collected throughout open to the public from September to April. southern Africa. Gold Reef City is a theme park based on There is also a display of old prescription Johannesburg during the gold-rush era. books and dictionaries used by pharmacists. The Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg is Newtown is at the heart of initiatives to revi- a state-of-the-art tribute to the rise and fall of talise the inner city of Johannesburg. apartheid, with 22 exhibition areas that take Here visitors will find the renowned Market the visitor on an emotional journey through the Theatre, jazz bars, dance studios and artists’ state-sanctioned system of apartheid. communes among museums, libraries and a A team of curators, film-makers, historians, host of places of historic interest. designers and architects assembled the exhib- The Nelson Mandela Bridge is a landmark its on a seven-hectare site. gateway into Newtown, the arts precinct of Constitution Hill features the impressive Johannesburg. It is the largest cable-stayed building housing South Africa’s Constitutional bridge in southern Africa. Court, and offers visitors the chance to view

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the fort, the so-called native gaol, the women’s Pretoria gaol and the awaiting-trial block. A variety of historical buildings is found in the People once imprisoned at these facilities city, which is known as the “Jacaranda City” include Gandhi and Albert Luthuli, as well because of the many jacaranda trees that as the only woman to be executed in South line its streets. When these are in full bloom Africa’s history, Daisy de Melker. in October, they cover the city in a lilac haze, A large, well-established park surrounds Zoo providing spectacular views from the surround- Lake, which breeding bird colonies frequent. ing hills. Other attractions include jazz concerts, rowing Church Square is built around a statue of boats for hire, a tea garden and a restaurant. Paul Kruger, president of the former Zuid-Af- Fordsburg, a suburb on the western side of rikaansche Republiek, and includes buildings Johannesburg, often called the city’s "Little such as the Old Raadsaal and the Palace of India", has grown in recent times, its identity Justice. shifting and merging with the different customs Ten minutes’ drive from Church Square is and flavours that have made it a centrepiece in Freedom Park, which commemorates the the cultural design of the city. country’s political history. The South African Museum of Military History Once fully completed, the 35-ha site will houses an impressive collection of weaponry comprise a garden of remembrance, a and uniforms from the two world wars. museum, and statues and sculptures to hon- The South African Transport Museum in Hei- our South Africans who have contributed to delberg represents all aspects of South Africa’s the country’s freedom and development. transport services. The Kruger House Museum contains the Soweto is a popular tourist destination. It is personal belongings of President Kruger. estimated that some 1 000 foreign tourists visit Melrose House is a beautiful example of Soweto every day. Its tourism industry contrib- Victorian architecture. The Peace Treaty of utes about R143 million to Gauteng’s GDP. Vereeniging, which ended the Anglo-Boer/ The two-bedroom house where former South African War, was signed there in 1902. President Mandela lived before his incarcera- Demonstrations at the Pioneer Open-Air tion has been declared a national monument Museum include cow milking, butter- and and converted into a museum. candle-making, bread baking and coffee-bean The Walter Sisulu Square in Kliptown, grinding. Soweto is the place where the Freedom Char- Other museums include the Police Museum, ter was signed in 1955. the Coert Steynberg Museum and the Trans- The Kliptown Project comprises a hotel, the vaal Museum of Natural History. Kliptown Museum, retail outlets, restaurants The Voortrekker Monument also has a and offices. museum and commemorates the Great Trek. No tour of Soweto would be complete without Some 260 steps lead to the dome, where a visit to the Hector Petersen Museum, which spectacular views of the city can be enjoyed. commemorates the people who died during the The monument receives about 200 000 visi- Student Uprising of 16 June 1976. tors a year. The museum was named after the young Fort Schanskop has been refurbished and boy who was the first person to be shot dead has a 375-seat amphitheatre. The Sammy by police on that day. Marks Museum near Pretoria dates from The Soweto Tourism and Information Centre 1885. Rooms in the house are filled with offers comprehensive information to tourists, Victorian paintings, furniture, silver and porce- as well as facilities to book accommodation, lain. Visitors can relax at the tea garden and tours and site guides in Soweto. restaurant on the premises.

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It offers golden beaches and verdant nature The Union Buildings celebrates its centenary in reserves. Its western part is marked by the 2013. Designed by Sir Herbert Baker, construc- dramatic Drakensberg mountain range, with tion started in 1910 and was completed in 1913. several peaks well over 3 000 m. The range It has since been the setting for the presidential has been awarded world heritage status for inauguration of former President Nelson Mandela its dramatic natural beauty and the wealth of in 1994, as well as those of on 16 June 1999, and 27 April 2004, and of Jacob San Bushman rock art found in its caves – the Zuma on 9 May 2009. It is also the setting of richest concentration on the continent of Africa. many national celebrations, including Women's Day and Freedom Day. Durban and surroundings The city of Durban, overlooking Africa’s busi- est seaport, is warm and inviting. It is not only The General Smuts House Museum in Irene, South Africa’s domestic tourism leader, but south-east of Pretoria, contains the original fur- is also highly popular among visitors from nishings of the Smuts family. A popular arts and throughout Africa and the rest of the world crafts market is held here on certain Saturdays. who seek a unique blend of vibrance, sophis- The Rietvlei Nature Reserve is notable for tication, cultural diversity and excitement in a its grass types, herbs, large number of game beautiful setting. including rhino and many bird species. The Golden Mile skirts the main beaches The Mapoch Ndebele Village, north of Pre- of the Indian Ocean. Attractions include an toria, is being restored by its residents and the amusement centre, paddling pools, paved National Cultural History Museum. To develop walkways and fountains. the project into a viable, living tourist village, The uShaka Marine World has a theme park, the 50 families who live there have undergone oceanarium, dolphinarium and oceanographic tourist-guide and business training. It is the first research institute. It is home to a wide variety living cultural village in South Africa owned and of sea life, including sharks, dolphins and managed by its residents. seals. One of its main attractions is the long Mamelodi is about 20 km from the city centre lane of shops and the multitude of restaurants, and features Solomon Mahlangu Square, which especially those in the old wreck (a replica of is dedicated to the freedom fighter. a ship wreck in the centre of the park), and a The Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum tourism information office at its entrance. outside Pretoria features a farmstead dating There is a snorkelling trail and a tubing river from 1880. Traditional farming activities are around the park. demonstrated, and annual events include a The Durban area has more than 50 reserves, prickly-pear festival, a mampoer festival and developed parks and specialised gardens, the the Agricultural Museum Show. most renowned being the Municipal Botan- The Pretoria National Botanical Garden ical Garden. Besides the botanical gardens, houses the National Herbarium of South Africa, Mitchell Park is one of the most popular green the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. spaces and includes an outdoor restaurant and a zoo, plus a sizeable playground for children. KwaZulu-Natal MiniTown is a model city depicting Durban’s The garden province of South Africa, KwaZulu- best-known buildings. Natal is a subtropical region of lush and well- Museums include the Natural History watered valleys, washed by the warm Indian Museum, the Natural Science Museum, the Ocean. One of the country's most popular Old House Museum and the Old Fort. One of tourist destinations, the province stretches the most intriguing museums is the Maritime from Port Edward in the south to the borders of Museum, complete with two floating ships in Swaziland and Mozambique to the north. the harbour.

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The Shree Ambalavaanar Alayam Temple East Griqualand is home to the southernmost (the Second River Temple) in Cato Manor was portion of the Ukhahlamba Drakensberg World the first Hindu temple in Africa. It is a national Heritage Site, plus the impressive Swartberg, monument. Bokkiesberg, Cedarberg and Ngele mountain The Juma Musjid Mosque is the largest ranges. mosque in the Southern Hemisphere. Daily Between Kokstad and Matatiele, the hamlet tours are available. of Cedarville provides tranquil canoe-borne Annual events in and around the city include excursions into its surrounding, water-filled the popular Comrades Marathon between hollows. Steam-train journeys can be under- Durban and Pietermaritzburg, an international taken between Swartberg and Creighton. surfing competition, the Duzi canoe mara- thon, the Midmar Mile swimming event, the North Coast July Handicap horse-race and the Amashova- Year-round frolicking dolphins and impressive shova cycle tour, as well as the largest road seasonal whale migrations make the coastline race in the country, the Spar Mercury Ladies between the Umdloti and the Thukela rivers 10-km Challenge. aptly called the “Dolphin Coast”. The larger Umhlanga Rocks, just north of Durban, humpback dolphins are also found here, but is notable for its ski-boating facilities and rarely seen. the Ski-Boat Festival held every April. The Many of the first Indian immigrants settled Natal Sharks Board offers shark dissections here, and the area’s markets, mosques and and interesting displays. Guided tours of the temples give the region an authentic Eastern Hawaan Forest are also on offer. Hawaan is flavour. the last relic of coastal forest in the region and Tongaat is an area where sugar was first contains rare indigenous trees. planted in 1854. The town’s Indian ambience is The Umgeni River Bird Park overlooks the accentuated by two prominent Hindu temples – Umgeni River and ranks among the world’s the Juggernath Puri and Vishwaroop temples. best bird sanctuaries. Many varieties of Other towns along the Dolphin Coast include birds, indigenous and exotic, inhabit walk-in Shaka’s Rock, Salt Rock, Ballito, Verulam, aviaries. Stanger, Darnall and Umdloti. The Millennium Town at the end of the Bluff houses the maritime offices, which control the Zululand and the Elephant Coast entry of ships into and out of the busiest port Zululand’s north-east quadrant – between in Africa. Mozambique, Swaziland and the warm Indian Ocean – has its own unique tale to tell. This East Griqualand is the Elephant Coast or Maputaland, named East Griqualand is an area of great beauty, after the mid-17th century king who established featuring colourful, living history. Kokstad lies dominion here some 200 years before Shaka in the Umzimhlava River basin between Mount consolidated his Zulu empire to the south. Currie and the Ngele Mountains. The Tembe Elephant Park in the far north is The original town hall – built in 1910 – is a home to herds of the massive African elephant. national monument, now serving as the local The Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park is one of the library. The former library – built in 1907 – is largest game parks in South Africa and hosts also a national monument and houses the the Big Five as well as the elusive cheetah and Kokstad Museum. wild dog. The Weza State Forest runs through indig- The eMakhosini Valley, birthplace of King enous forests and commercial plantations. The Shaka, is the venue for a new tourism and eco- forest is home to several antelope species and nomic-development project. Known as "The a huge variety of birds. Valley of Zulu Kings", the joint public-private

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sector project aims to preserve the culture and The Kosi Bay Nature Reserve is part of the history of the Zulu people. A sculptured hilltop Coastal Forest Reserve between Mozam- monument named Spirit of eMakhosini draws bique and Sodwana Bay. The adjacent Indian many tourists. This heritage park is near a Ocean provides exciting snorkelling and fish- nature reserve that will eventually support the ing opportunities. On offer is a four-day guided Big Five of the animal kingdom. walking trail around the estuarine system. At the eMakhosini Memorial Site, seven Zulu uMkhuze is a small trade and transport kings are buried. Ulundi lies at the hub of the centre. The Mkuze River cuts through the old Zulu nation. The KwaZulu Cultural Museum Ubombo Mountains before serving as a natural houses interesting displays relating to Zulu boundary for Zululand’s popular Mkuzi Game history and archaeology. The beehive huts and Reserve. the layout of the original Zulu village have been The Border Cave, a site of immense archae- reproduced. ological interest on the border of Swaziland, Umgungundlovu was once the royal capital of now also has an interpretation centre. King Dingaan and is now being reconstructed. Lake Sibaya is South Africa’s largest natural A tour provides the opportunity to observe Zulu freshwater lake, covering some 77 km2. building techniques and to experience the Bird watching and walks through the coastal social life of the Zulu people. Work will begin forest are popular pastimes. on a R20-million multimedia centre, which will Sibaya Lake Lodge is the first South African include first-rate audiovisual representations of ecotourism development jointly owned by Zulu history and culture. private enterprise and the local community. Authentic Zulu villages such as Shakaland, The coral reef in the Sodwana Bay National Kwabhekithunga Kraal, Damazulu and Stew- Park attracts hundreds of scuba-divers art’s Farm offer accommodation and the oppor- throughout the year, and, in summer, power tunity to experience traditional Zulu culture. boaters arrive for some of the best marlin fish- The isiZulu word iSimangaliso – meaning ing in the world. "miracle" – has a rich historical context. The iSimangaliso Wetland Park is one of the South Coast jewels of South Africa’s coastline, with a unique Amanzimtoti is popular for its safe swimming mosaic of ecosystems – swamps, lakes, beaches and a variety of fun activities and beaches, coral reefs, wetlands, woodlands, attractions for the whole family. coastal forests and grasslands – supporting a The Hibiscus Coast stretches between diversity of animal, bird and marine life. Umkomaas and the Wild Coast. Margate is It is South Africa’s third-largest park, span- the largest resort town along this coast, and is ning 280 km of coastline, from the Mozambican very popular during the holidays. The Hibiscus border in the north to Mapelane south of the Festival is held there in July. St Lucia estuary, and made up of around The Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve encom- 328 000 ha of pristine natural ecosystems – passes forest, rivers, rapids and ravines. Pro- including swamps, lake systems, beaches, coral lific birdlife, including five kingfisher species reefs, wetlands, woodlands and coastal forests. and seven eagle species, inhabits the reserve, St Lucia and its surroundings comprise a along with a variety of mammals. There is also globally important wetland and has five separ- a 140-m abseil and gorge swing for adrenalin ate ecosystems. It is a fishing and bird watch- junkies. ing paradise, and boat trips on the lake offer Port Edward is known for its safe swimming opportunities for crocodile and hippo sightings. and good fishing opportunities. Nearby, the St Lucia is the only town in the world that is Umthamvuna Nature Reserve is noted for its completely surrounded by a natural world herit- beautiful scenery, birdlife and many rare plant age area. species.

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The Shell Museum at Shelly Beach is mergeier (bearded vulture). The highest con- well worth a visit. Other popular coastal centration of walks and trails in South Africa is towns include Port Shepstone, Ramsgate, found here. St Michael’s-on-Sea, Uvongo and Scottburgh. The uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park was Nature’s annual extravaganza – the unforget- declared a world heritage site in 2001 and con- table Sardine Run – strikes the South Coast sists of almost the entire Drakensberg moun- around the end of June every year, when tain range from Bushman’s Neck in the south people flock to the beaches and anglers wait to the Royal Natal National Park in the north. for the game fish following the sardines to Peaks soar to over 3 000 m and are often arrive. snow-covered in winter. The park is admin- istered by Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife. Pietermaritzburg and the Midlands Their trout hatcheries are located in the Kam- History-filled towns lead to adventure sports berg Reserve area. There are also trout hatch- and game viewing, along with outlets for unique eries at Cathedral Peak. arts and crafts. Pietermaritzburg boasts various The Lotheni Nature Reserve is notable for museums, including the Voortrekker Museum, its trout fishing facilities (angling permits are the Natal Museum and the Natal Steam Rail- required). Relics of the area’s history have way Museum, which offers steam-train rides been preserved in the Settler Museum. on the second Sunday of every month. The The Himeville Nature Reserve has two lakes Tatham Art Gallery is also extremely popular. stocked with trout. The Swamp Nature Reserve The Albert Falls Public Resort Nature close by attracts a variety of waterfowl, includ- Reserve and the Albert Falls Dam provide ing the rare wattled crane. opportunities for sailing, canoeing and fishing. The Ndedema Gorge is located in the Mde- Bird watching, horse riding and hiking are also delelo Wilderness Area near Cathedral Peak popular activities. and contains examples of Khoi and San art. The Howick Falls are situated in the Nature Sani Pass is the only road across the high Valley Reserve, where the river tumbles down escarpment between KwaZulu-Natal and the 100 m in a single fall. There are several climb- Kingdom of Lesotho. Sani Pass may be a ing routes. road, but the top section is only passable in The Midlands Meander is a scenic drive 4x4 vehicles. The Giant’s Cup Hiking Trail, between Hilton and Mooi River, with some 430 starting at the foot of the pass, is described ports of call en route, ranging from art studios, as one of South Africa’s finest. Giant’s Castle potters and painters, to herb gardens and Game Reserve is especially known for its more cheese makers. than 5 000 San paintings. The Bushman Site Midmar Dam is zoned for yachting and Museum is well worth a visit. power-boating. The 1 000-ha Midmar Game The Royal Natal National Park offers many Park is inhabitated by rhino, zebra, a wide scenic highlights, including the Amphitheatre, variety of antelope species and waterfowl. The Mont-aux-Sources and the Thukela Falls. popular yearly Midmar Mile attracts thousands of swimmers. Battlefields The KwaZulu-Natal Battlefields Route has Drakensberg the highest concentration of battlefields and The mountainous “Barrier of Spears” uKhahl- related military sites in South Africa. The Bat- amba-Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site, tlefields Route starts at Estcourt, winding north adorned with Stone Age cave paintings, forms through Colenso and Ladysmith to Newcastle the north-western border of KwaZulu-Natal. and Volksrust, and eastwards to Utrecht, Glen- The entire area is a bird sanctuary, featuring, coe, Dundee, Nqutu, Paulpietersburg, Vryheid, among other species, the endangered lam- Babanango and Ulundi.

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All the towns along the route have their own From the 2010 Fifa World Cup™ experi- unique charm and range of attractions: arts ence, the department has learned that, going and crafts, scenic hiking trails, farm resorts, forward, it will be particularly critical to not Zulu culture and roadside stalls. Game view- only focus on convention and major-events ing, natural hot springs, horse trails and water- tourism, but to enhance the capacity to bid sports can also be enjoyed. for such events. In this regard, South Africa The Chelmsford Nature Reserve near established the SANCB, enabling the devel- Newcastle is a birdwatcher’s paradise. Power- opment of a coordinated strategy on how best boating and carp fishing are added attractions. to promote, develop and take advantage of Game includes springbok, zebra, rhino and this growing market segment. blesbok. Other interesting places to visit are The tourism sector must also be able to pro- Majuba Hill and O’Neill’s Cottage. vide quality, unique and diversified products The Ladysmith Siege Museum provides and services. The department’s interventions insight into the battles of Colenso, Spioenkop, as far as product development is concerned Vaalkrans and Tugela Heights. Museum staff will therefore still take into account geographic arrange guided tours to nearby battlefields spread, affordability within the industry, and such as Wagon Hill. Other attractions in Ladys- entrenching a culture of travel among South mith include the statue of Gandhi, the All Saints Africans. Church, the Soofi Mosque and the Spioenkop To achieve its long-term goals and to posi- Dam and Nature Reserve. tion tourism as one of the six key sectors of Near Dundee, tourists can visit various economic growth, the department will draft battlefields, including Ncome-Blood River, a product development strategy for South Isandlwana, Rorke’s Drift and Talana. The Africa, as well as strategies for the develop- Talana Museum depicts various facets of the ment of niche tourism products. coal industry, as well as local Zulu, Boer and To ensure the realisation of all the tour- British history. ism development priorities, the department Rorke’s Drift was the setting for one of the adopted the NTSS, which is aimed at position- most famous battles of the war. The main ing South Africa as one of the top 20 tourism attraction is the Rorke’s Drift Battle Museum. destinations globally by 2020. The department also embarked on a pro- Conclusion cess to review tourism legislation. This pro- Tourism as a labour-intensive industry has cess highlighted a number of critical areas to significant potential and capacity to grow the be addressed to achieve sustainable tourism economy and to create jobs. It is, therefore, growth and development. central to delivering on government’s man- The department is expecting that by 2020, date of creating decent work, sustainable many leading world economies, including livelihoods and rural development. South Africa, would have implemented a sys- To this end, the department's efforts are tem of e-visas that will improve security while geared towards creating a conducive environ- also facilitating hassle-free travel. ment for the tourism sector to increase its direct contribution to the country’s GDP and to increase the number of jobs directly sup- ported by the sector.

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Acknowledgements

Business Day Business Report Department of Tourism, Annual Report 2011/12 www.askzn.co.za www.news24.co.za www.bizcommunity.com www.northerncape.org.za www.butterflyworld.co.za www.pilanesbergnationalpark.org www.capenature.co.za www.sa2010.gov.za www.capetourism.org www.saao.ac.za www.cape-town.net www.sagoodnews.co.za www.centralkaroo.co.za www.sanews.gov.za www.cheetah.co.za www.sapfa.org.za www.clarens.co.za www.sasdi.co.za www.doorway.co.za www.sati-web.za www.ectourism.co.za www.southafrica.info www.ewn.co.za www.southafrica.net www.freestateprovince.co.za www.soweto.co.za www.gauteng.net www.spier.co.za www.giraffehouse.co.za www.stelmus.co.za www.gov.za www.tep.co.za www.indaba-southafrica.co.za www.travel.iafrica.com www.iol.co.za www.travelwires.com www.joburg.org.za www.tourismboard.org.za www.kzn.org.za www.tourismgrading.co.za www.lebonheurcrocfarm.co.za www.tourismnorthwest.co.za www.lionrescue.org.za www.visitmosselbay.co.za www.mediaclubsouthafrica.com www.visit-south-africa.co.za www.meetingsafrica.co.za www.wheretostay.co.za www.monkeys.co.za www.zetler.co.za www.mpumalanga.com www.zulu.org.za www.nbi.org.za

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Suggested reading

Brodie, N. 2010. Inside Joburg: 101 Things to See and Do. Craighall Park: Sharp Sharp Media. Chhabra, D. 2010. Sustainable Marketing of Cultural and Heritage Tourism. New York: Rout- ledge. Discover Cape Agulhas: The Southern Tip of Africa, Where the Atlantic and Indian Oceans Meet. 2010. South Africa: Wiz Marketing, for Cape Agulhas Tourism. George, R. 2011. Marketing Tourism in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press South- ern Africa. Greenberg, L (ed). 2010. Home Away: 24 Hours, 24 Cities, 24 Writers. Cape Town: Zebra Press. Greenwood Guide to South Africa: Hand-Picked Accommodation. Fourth edition. London: Green- wood Guides. Hiscock, D. 2010. Cape Town’s Man-Made Wonder: Table Mountain Cableway, the First 80 Years. Cape Town: Table Mountain Aerial Cableway Co. Keyser, H. 2009. Developing Tourism in South Africa; Towards Competitive Destinations. Second edition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. South Africa. Department of Tourism. 2012. Rural Tourism Strategy, April 2012. South Africa. Department of Tourism. 2012. Domestic Tourism Growth Strategy, 2012 – 2020. Swanepoel, S. 2012. Wine Tourism Handbook, South Africa: Enjoying Wine at the Source. World Focus Media. Tassiopoulos, D (ed). 2008. New Tourism Ventures: An Entrepreneurial and Managerial Approach. Cape Town: Juta.

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