Study on Invasive Alien Species – Development of Risk Assessments: Final Report (Year 2)
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The Impact of Locomotion on the Brain Evolution of Squirrels and Close Relatives ✉ Ornella C
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01887-8 OPEN The impact of locomotion on the brain evolution of squirrels and close relatives ✉ Ornella C. Bertrand 1 , Hans P. Püschel 1, Julia A. Schwab 1, Mary T. Silcox 2 & Stephen L. Brusatte1 How do brain size and proportions relate to ecology and evolutionary history? Here, we use virtual endocasts from 38 extinct and extant rodent species spanning 50+ million years of evolution to assess the impact of locomotion, body mass, and phylogeny on the size of the brain, olfactory bulbs, petrosal lobules, and neocortex. We find that body mass and phylogeny are highly correlated with relative brain and brain component size, and that locomotion strongly influences brain, petrosal lobule, and neocortical sizes. Notably, species living in 1234567890():,; trees have greater relative overall brain, petrosal lobule, and neocortical sizes compared to other locomotor categories, especially fossorial taxa. Across millions of years of Eocene- Recent environmental change, arboreality played a major role in the early evolution of squirrels and closely related aplodontiids, promoting the expansion of the neocortex and petrosal lobules. Fossoriality in aplodontiids had an opposing effect by reducing the need for large brains. 1 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 2 Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, ✉ Toronto, ON, Canada. email: [email protected] COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY | (2021) 4:460 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01887-8 | www.nature.com/commsbio 1 ARTICLE COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY | https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01887-8 hat ecological and evolutionary factors affect brain size striking differences between living sciurids and aplodontiids raise in mammals? Studies have assessed the impact of the question of how this modern rodent assemblage emerged. -
Eimeria Sciurorum (Apicomplexa, Coccidia) from the Calabrian Black Squirrel (Sciurus Meridionalis): an Example of Lower Host Specificity of Eimerians
BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT published: 28 July 2020 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00369 Eimeria sciurorum (Apicomplexa, Coccidia) From the Calabrian Black Squirrel (Sciurus meridionalis): An Example of Lower Host Specificity of Eimerians Jana Kvicerova 1*, Lada Hofmannova 2, Francesca Scognamiglio 3 and Mario Santoro 4 1 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceskéˇ Budejovice,ˇ Czechia, 2 Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia, 3 Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy, 4 Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy Edited by: Arvo Viltrop, Host specificity plays one of the key roles in parasitism. It affects the evolution and Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia diversification of both host and parasite, as well as it influences their geographical Reviewed by: distribution, and epidemiological significance. For most of parasites, however, host Phoebe Chapman, specificity is unknown or misrepresented because it is difficult to be determined The University of accurately. Here we provide the information about the lower host specificity of Eimeria Queensland, Australia Colin James McInnes, sciurorum infecting squirrels, and its new host record for the Calabrian black squirrel Moredun Research Institute, Sciurus meridionalis, a southern Italian endemic species. United Kingdom *Correspondence: Keywords: squirrels, coccidia, host specificity, endemic species, parasite dispersal, southern Italy Jana Kvicerova [email protected] INTRODUCTION Specialty section: This article was submitted to The host specificity of a parasite—the degree to which the parasite is adapted to its host/s, and the Zoological Medicine, number of host species that can successfully be used by the parasite—is the result of a long-term a section of the journal adaptation process undergone by both the host and the parasite (1, 2). -
ABSTRACTS BOOK Proof 03
1st – 15th December ! 1st International Meeting of Early-stage Researchers in Paleontology / XIV Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología st (1December IMERP 1-stXIV-15th EJIP), 2018 BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Palaeontology in the virtual era 4 1st – 15th December ! Ist Palaeontological Virtual Congress. Book of abstracts. Palaeontology in a virtual era. From an original idea of Vicente D. Crespo. Published by Vicente D. Crespo, Esther Manzanares, Rafael Marquina-Blasco, Maite Suñer, José Luis Herráiz, Arturo Gamonal, Fernando Antonio M. Arnal, Humberto G. Ferrón, Francesc Gascó and Carlos Martínez-Pérez. Layout: Maite Suñer. Conference logo: Hugo Salais. ISBN: 978-84-09-07386-3 5 1st – 15th December ! Palaeontology in the virtual era BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 6 4 PRESENTATION The 1st Palaeontological Virtual Congress (1st PVC) is just the natural consequence of the evolution of our surrounding world, with the emergence of new technologies that allow a wide range of communication possibilities. Within this context, the 1st PVC represents the frst attempt in palaeontology to take advantage of these new possibilites being the frst international palaeontology congress developed in a virtual environment. This online congress is pioneer in palaeontology, offering an exclusively virtual-developed environment to researchers all around the globe. The simplicity of this new format, giving international projection to the palaeontological research carried out by groups with limited economic resources (expensive registration fees, travel, accomodation and maintenance expenses), is one of our main achievements. This new format combines the benefts of traditional meetings (i.e., providing a forum for discussion, including guest lectures, feld trips or the production of an abstract book) with the advantages of the online platforms, which allow to reach a high number of researchers along the world, promoting the participation of palaeontologists from developing countries. -
Body Size and Diet Mediate Evolution of Jaw Shape in Squirrels (Sciuridae)
Rare ecomorphological convergence on a complex adaptive landscape: body size and diet mediate evolution of jaw shape in squirrels (Sciuridae) *Miriam Leah Zelditch; Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; [email protected] Ji Ye; Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; [email protected] Jonathan S. Mitchell; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; [email protected] Donald L. Swiderski, Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. [email protected] *Corresponding Author Running head: Convergence on a complex adaptive landscape Key Words: Convergence, diet evolution, jaw morphology, shape evolution, macroevolutionary adaptive landscape, geometric morphometrics Data archival information: doi: 10.5061/dryad.kq1g6. This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/evo.13168. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Abstract Convergence is widely regarded as compelling evidence for adaptation, often being portrayed as evidence that phenotypic outcomes are predictable from ecology, overriding contingencies of history. However, repeated outcomes may be very rare unless adaptive landscapes are simple, structured by strong ecological and functional constraints. One such constraint may be a limitation on body size because performance often scales with size, allowing species to adapt to challenging functions by modifying only size. When size is constrained, species might adapt by changing shape; convergent shapes may therefore be common when size is limiting and functions are challenging. -
Sciurus Meridionalis (Rodentia, Sciuridae)
Published by Associazione Teriologica Italiana Volume 28 (1): 1–8, 2017 Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy Available online at: http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it doi:10.4404/hystrix–28.1-12015 Research Article New endemic mammal species for Europe: Sciurus meridionalis (Rodentia, Sciuridae) Lucas A. Wauters1,∗, Giovanni Amori2, Gaetano Aloise3, Spartaco Gippoliti4, Paolo Agnelli5, Andrea Galimberti6, Maurizio Casiraghi6, Damiano Preatoni1, Adriano Martinoli1 1Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (Italy) 2CNR - Institute of Ecosystem Studies, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza - Rome University, Viale dell’Università 32, 00185 Roma (Italy) 3Museo di Storia Naturale della Calabria ed Orto Botanico, Università della Calabria, Via Savinio – Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS) (Italy) 4Società Italiana per la Storia della Fauna “G. Altobello”, Viale Liegi 48, 00198 Roma (Italy) 5Museo di Storia Naturale, Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”, Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze (Italy) 6ZooPlantLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano (Italy). Keywords: Abstract Sciurus meridionalis squirrels Combining genetic, morphological and geographical data, we re-evaluate Sciurus meridionalis, Southern Italy Lucifero 1907 as a tree squirrel species. The species, previously considered a subspecies of the endemic species Eurasian red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, is endemic to South Italy with a disjunct distribution with respect to S. vulgaris. The new species has a typical, monomorphic coat colour characterized by Article history: a white ventral fur and a very dark-brown to blackish fur on the back, sides and tail. -
Global Conservation Translocation Perspectives: 2021. Case Studies from Around the Globe
Global conservation Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021 translocation perspectives: 2021 IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group Global conservation translocation perspectives: 2021 Case studies from around the globe Edited by Pritpal S. Soorae IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group (CTSG) i The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or any of the funding organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. IUCN is pleased to acknowledge the support of its Framework Partners who provide core funding: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark; Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland; Government of France and the French Development Agency (AFD); the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea; the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad); the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida); the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the United States Department of State. Published by: IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi & Calgary Zoo, Canada. Copyright: © 2021 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Soorae, P. S. -
Nuclear DNA Phylogeny of the Squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the Evolution of Arboreality from C-Myc and RAG1
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 (2004) 703–719 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Nuclear DNA phylogeny of the squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia) and the evolution of arboreality from c-myc and RAG1 Scott J. Steppan,a,* Brian L. Storz,a and Robert S. Hoffmannb a Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1100, USA b Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC-108, Washington, DC 20560, USA Received 24 February 2003; revised 15 May 2003 Abstract Although the family Sciuridae is large and well known, phylogenetic analyses are scarce. We report on a comprehensive mo- lecular phylogeny for the family. Two nuclear genes (c-myc and RAG1) comprising approximately 4500 bp of data (most in exons) are applied for the first time to rodent phylogenetics. Parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of the separate gene regions and combined data reveal five major lineages and refute the conventional elevation of the flying squirrels (Pteromyinae) to subfamily status. Instead, flying squirrels are derived from one of the tree squirrel lineages. C-myc indels corroborate the sequence-based topologies. The common ancestor of extant squirrels appears to have been arboreal, confirming the fossil evidence. The results also reveal an unexpected clade of mostly terrestrial squirrels with African and Holarctic centers of diversity. We present a revised classification of squirrels. Our results demonstrate the phylogenetic utility of relatively slowly evolving nuclear exonic data even for relatively recent clades. Ó 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. 1. Introduction compromised by an incomplete understanding of their phylogenetic relationships. -
Search for Polyoma-, Herpes-, and Bornaviruses in Squirrels of the Family Sciuridae Vanessa Schulze1, Peter W
Schulze et al. Virology Journal (2020) 17:42 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01310-4 RESEARCH Open Access Search for polyoma-, herpes-, and bornaviruses in squirrels of the family Sciuridae Vanessa Schulze1, Peter W. W. Lurz2, Nicola Ferrari3, Claudia Romeo3, Michael A. Steele4, Shealyn Marino4, Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto5, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer6, Kore Schlottau7, Martin Beer7, Rainer G. Ulrich1,8* and Bernhard Ehlers9* Abstract Background: Squirrels (family Sciuridae) are globally distributed members of the order Rodentia with wildlife occurrence in indigenous and non-indigenous regions (as invasive species) and frequent presence in zoological gardens and other holdings. Multiple species introductions, strong inter-species competition as well as the recent discovery of a novel zoonotic bornavirus resulted in increased research interest on squirrel pathogens. Therefore we aimed to test a variety of squirrel species for representatives of three virus families. Methods: Several species of the squirrel subfamilies Sciurinae, Callosciurinae and Xerinae were tested for the presence of polyomaviruses (PyVs; family Polyomaviridae) and herpesviruses (HVs; family Herpesviridae), using generic nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specificity for the PyV VP1 gene and the HV DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene, respectively. Selected animals were tested for the presence of bornaviruses (family Bornaviridae), using both a broad-range orthobornavirus- and a variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1)-specific reverse transcription- quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: In addition to previously detected bornavirus RNA-positive squirrels no more animals tested positive in this study, but four novel PyVs, four novel betaherpesviruses (BHVs) and six novel gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) were identified. For three PyVs, complete genomes could be amplified with long-distance PCR (LD-PCR). -
Order Suborder Infraorder Superfamily Family
ORDER SUBORDER INFRAORDER SUPERFAMILY FAMILY SUBFAMILY TRIBE GENUS SUBGENUS SPECIES Monotremata Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus Monotremata Tachyglossidae Zaglossus attenboroughi Monotremata Tachyglossidae Zaglossus bartoni Monotremata Tachyglossidae Zaglossus bruijni Monotremata Ornithorhynchidae Ornithorhynchus anatinus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromys Caluromys philander Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromys Mallodelphys derbianus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromys Mallodelphys lanatus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Caluromysiops irrupta Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Caluromyinae Glironia venusta Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Chironectes minimus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis aurita Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis imperfecta Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis marsupialis Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis pernigra Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis virginiana Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Didelphis albiventris Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus formosus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus emiliae Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus microtarsus Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus marica Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus dryas Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus aceramarcae Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae Gracilinanus agricolai Didelphimorphia Didelphidae Didelphinae -
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OCCASION P PER No. 297 Records of the Zoological Survey of ndia Li t of valid Rodent taxa (Class: Ma malia, Order: Rodentia) from Indian Subcontinent includ· g Myanmar M.S. PRAD AN AND S.S. TALMALE ZOOLOGIC L SURVEY OF I ' DIA OCCASIONAL PAPER No. 297 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA List of valid Rodent taxa (Class: Mammalia, Order: Rodentia) from Indian Subcontinent including Myanmar M.S. PRADHANI AND S.S. TALMALE2 Zoological Survey of India Western Regional Centre, Vidyanagar, Sector 29, Rawet Road PCNTDA Post, Pune, Maharashtra 411 044 Email: [email protected][email protected] Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata ~m Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Pradhan, M.S. and Talmale, S.S. 2009. List of valid Rodent taxa (Class : Mammalia; Order : Rodentia) from Indian Subcontinent including Myanmar, Rec. zool. Surv. India, Gcc. Paper No. 297 : 1-239. (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : October, 2009 ISBN J78-81-8171-224-0 t; Gnv!. of India, 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No Part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed off without the publisher's consent, in a form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. -
Hematology and Serum Chemistry of Free Trapped Five-Stripes Palm Squirrel (Funambulus Pennanti)
Hematology and Serum Chemistry of Free Trapped Five-Stripes Palm Squirrel (Funambulus pennanti) Aroch, I.,1* King, R.2 and Biton, B.1 1 Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, 761001, Rehovot, Israel. 2 Israel Nature and Parks Authority, 3 Adam Veolamo Street, 95463, Jerusalem. * Corresponding author: Prof. Itamar Aroch, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 761001, Israel. Tel: +972-3-9688556, Fax: +972-3-9604079. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Free-roaming five-striped squirrels (Funambulus pennanti), an invading species in Israel, were trapped in the Ramon crater, Negev desert, anesthetized and blood samples were collected for comprehensive hematology and serum chemistry analyses, which are described herein, and compared with data obtained for other squirrel species. Suggested reference intervals (RIs) were calculated. Polychromasia and Howell-Jolly bodies (HJB) were common findings, while mild metarubricytosis was present in 6/45 squirrels. In 30/53 animals (57%) intra-erythrocyte basophilic polygonal granular inclusions resembling HJBs in size and color were noted. The total leukocytes count was positively and significantly moderately to strongly correlated with the absolute neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte counts. The neutrophil and monocyte morphologies resembled that of their corresponding canine cells. Eosinophils were uncommon, and resembled porcine eosinophils, while basophils showed intense metachromasia and were rare. The ranges of the results of serum amylase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK) activities and of serum creatinine, phosphorus and urea concentrations were very wide. Serum total bilirubin (tBr) was >7 mg/dL in 41/41 squirrels. -
Sciuridae Density and Impacts of Forest Disturbance in the Sabangau Tropical Peat-Swamp Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Sciuridae density and impacts of forest disturbance in the Sabangau Tropical Peat-Swamp Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Charlotte Schep 10,056 words Thesis submitted for the degree of MSc Conservation, Dept of Geography, UCL (University College London) August, 2014 August, 2014 [email protected] Sciuridae density and impacts of forest disturbance in the Sabangau Tropical Peat-Swamp Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Name & Student Number: Charlotte Schep - 1012214 Supervisor: Julian Thompson ABSTRACT The investigation of aimed to broaden the knowledge of Sciuridae in the Sabangau at the Natural Laboratory of Peat Swamp Forest (NLSPF). The wider surrounding area is known to contain the largest remaining contiguous lowland forest‐block on Borneo, which provides a refuge for its high biodiversity as well as threatened endemic species such as the Bornean Orang-utan. The research compared two sites, one of more pristine and untouched peat-swamp forest and the other more influenced by edge effects, for density and richness of squirrel species. The differences in vegetation structure were investigated using canopy cover and diameter at breast height data and the squirrel density surveys used line-transect (later analysed using the DISTANCE software). The results confirmed the hypothesized differences between the two sites, with a lower encounter rate and density observed on the outer transects (1.7 sq/km; 0.74) and higher on the inner transects (2.6 sq/ km; 0.84). Moreover the results highlighted squirrel preferences for higher and interconnected canopy cover and an increased density of mature fruiting trees. An analysis of the literature context revealed a lack of research in this area particularly in comparison with other flagship species in Borneo.