Inflammation at the Interface of Innate and Acquired Immunity
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Ključni Momenti Jugoslavenske I Hrvatske Diplomacije Od 1941. Do 1956
Međunarodne studije, god. 15, br. 4, 2015, str. 43-64 43 Stručni članak UDK: 327(497.1)“1941/1956“ 327(497.5)“1941/1956“ Ključni momenti jugoslavenske i hrvatske diplomacije od 1941. do 1956. Bruno Korea Gajski * Sažetak Autor nastoji dati uvid u ključne momente jugoslavenske i hrvatske diplo- macije od napada sila Osovine na Kraljevinu Jugoslaviju u travnju 1941. do sovjetske intervencije u Mađarskoj u studenom 1956. godine. U radu su pre- zentirani svi ključni događaji diplomatske povijesti za vrijeme Drugog svjet- skog rata i prvih deset godina FNRJ, s naglaskom na najvažnijim akterima u pojedinim diplomatskim akcijama. Predstavljene su tri glavne struje diploma- cije za vrijeme rata u kojima su sudjelovali hrvatski predstavnici: diplomacija izbjegličke vlade, partizanska diplomacija te ustaška diplomacija. Nakon Dru- gog svjetskog rata vanjska politika nove Jugoslavija bila je u potpunosti oslo- njena na Sovjetski Savez, no kako je postalo očigledno da se Blok neće voditi kao društvo sličnih, nego poslušnih, dolazi 1948. godine do isključenja Jugo- slavije iz Informbiroa. Nakon Staljinove smrti novo je sovjetsko rukovodstvo nastojalo normalizirati odnose s Jugoslavijom, prvo Beogradskom, a potom i Moskovskom deklaracijom. U radu je istaknuta važnost međunarodnog po- ložaja Jugoslavije te njezin odnos prema velikim silama. Taj je odnos potrebno razmatrati u sklopu cjeline međunarodno-političkih zbivanja između blokova u kontekstu Hladnoga rata. Prema tomu, svrha je rada, između ostalog, uka- zati na važnost prvih deset godina nove Jugoslavije, unutar kojih se dogodilo gotovo sve što će desetljećima obilježavati jugoslavenski socijalizam i znatno utjecati na pravac i razvoj međunarodnih odnosa uopće. Ključne riječi: jugoslavenska diplomacija, Josip Broz Tito, Beogradska dekla- racija, Moskovska deklaracija, Hladni rat, Mađarska revolucija 1956. -
Program Book
2 Table of Contents Words of Welcome 3 Contact Information 8 Committees 9 About EFIS 11 Awards 12 EFIS Awards 13 Waived Registration Fee Grants 15 Congress Information 16 Information for Speakers and Poster Presenters 18 Program at a Glance 19 Scientific Program 24 Keynote and Plenary Lectures 28 Scientific Program by Day 31 Industry Sponsored Symposia, Sponsoring and Exhibition 82 Acknowledgements 84 Company Descriptions 86 Industry Sponsored Sessions 89 Exhibition Information 92 Virtual Social Program 93 Science Communication Workshops & Performance 93 6th European Congress of Immunology, September 1-4, 2021 3 Words of Welcome Welcome by the Congress President Dear Fellow Immunologists and Colleagues, On behalf of the Turkish Society of Immunology (TSI), the Immunological Society of Serbia (ISoS) and the European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS) we sincerely welcome you to the th6 European Congress of Immunology (ECI 2021) which will be held virtually from Istanbul between September 1-4, 2021. We hope that all of you and your loved ones are in good health and keeping yourselves safe and sound from the devastation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sadly, we were obliged to transform this triennial world-renowned immunology congress from a face-to- face meeting to a fully virtual format. The motto of the 6th ECI is “Opening Doors to the World of Immunology”. Anatolia has been the grassroots of many civilizations and Istanbul has stood for centuries as the main door connecting the Asian continent to Europe. We have been the proud gatekeepers of these major civilizations over centuries and are honored to nurture and preserve these World heritage sites. -
Controversies About the Croatian Victims at Bleiburg and in “Death Marches”
UDK 341.45(497.1)’’1945’’ CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THE CROATIAN VICTIMS AT BLEIBURG AND IN “DEATH MARCHES” Martina GRAHEK RAVANČIĆ* Croatian contemporary history is marked by controversial issues, and even though many years have now gone by, some still seek to manipulate these issues for their own ends. The Bleiburg tragedy and the postwar “death marches” are frequently brought up in this sense in the daily press and elsewhere. These issues are also discussed in historiography, which still appears unable to deal with those topics properly. To do so, it is therefore first necessary to identi- fy the events included in these topics. The Bleiburg tragedy includes the sur- rounding and capture of German and Croatian troops who were withdrawing through Slovenia toward Austria (Bleiburg) at the end of the World War II, the extradition of prisoners from the Viktring POW camp, and the “death march- es” that followed, which are also called the “Ways of the cross”. During the last days of WW II members of the Allied forces created their own spheres of control, often ignoring the destiny of the defeated party. The postwar period called for individuals able to carry out the “final struggle with the enemy”. Even today, the number of losses during those days cannot be clarified. Previous interpretations by Croatian and Yugoslav historians are often subjective and ignored the question of responsibility for the crimes com- mitted then.1 On the other hand, members of the Croatian emigration tried to present their view of the truth, but their efforts, while often well-intentioned, also included inaccuracies, creating additional problems for contemporary scholars. -
Prispevki Za Novejšo Zgodovino
INŠTITUT ZA NOVEJŠO ZGODOVINO PRISPEVKI ZA NOVEJŠO ZGODOVINO Letnik LI Ljubljana 2011 Številka 3 Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino LI - 2/2011 Contributions to the Contemporary History Contributions a l'histoire contemporaine Beiträge zur Zeitgeschichte UDC 94(497.4)"18/19" UDK ISSN 0353-0329 Uredniški odbor: dr. Zdenko Čepič (odgovorni urednik), dr. Damijan Guštin (glavni urednik), dr. Aleksej Kalc, dr. Boris Mlakar, dr. Avguštin Malle, dr. Dušan Nećak, dr. Janko Prunk, dr. Franc Rozman, dr. Mario Strecha, dr. Mojca Šorn Redakcija zaključena 28. 12. 2011 Za znanstveno vsebino tekstov in točnost podatkov odgovarjajo avtorji. Lektor: Tine Logar Naslovnica: Janez Suhadolc, dipl. ing. arh. Prevodi: Borut Praper – angleščina Bibliografska obdelava: Igor Zemljič Izdaja: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino Kongresni trg 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Republika Slovenija tel. (386) 01 200 31 20, fax (386) 01 200 31 60 e-mail (odgovorni urednik) [email protected] Številka vpisa v razvid medijev: 720 Založil: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino s sofinanciranjem Javne agencije za knjigo Republike Slovenije Računalniški prelom: MEDIT d.o.o., Notranje Gorice Tisk: Fotolito Dolenc d.o.o. Cena: 15,00 EUR Zamenjave (Exchange, Austausch): Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino Kongresni trg 1, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Republika Slovenija Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino so indeksirani v bazi Historical Abstract in ERIH – European Reference Index for the Humanities Prispevki za novejšo zgodovino LI - 2/2011 Kazalo RAZPRAVE – ARTICLES Jurij Perovšek, Jugoslovanska nacionalna stranka in narodno vprašanje v letih 1936–1939 ............................................................................................... 7 Yugoslav National Party and the National Question in the Years from 1936 to 1939 UDK 329.12:323.1(497.4)"1936/1939" Darja Kerec, Prekmurske Benetke leta 1925 ..................................................... -
Controversies About the Croatian Victims at Bleiburg and in “Death Marches”
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE UDK 341.45(497.1)’’1945’’ CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THE CROATIAN VICTIMS AT BLEIBURG AND IN “DEATH MARCHES” Martina GRAHEK RAVANČIĆ* Croatian contemporary history is marked by controversial issues, and even though many years have now gone by, some still seek to manipulate these issues for their own ends. The Bleiburg tragedy and the postwar “death marches” are frequently brought up in this sense in the daily press and elsewhere. These issues are also discussed in historiography, which still appears unable to deal with those topics properly. To do so, it is therefore first necessary to identi- fy the events included in these topics. The Bleiburg tragedy includes the sur- rounding and capture of German and Croatian troops who were withdrawing through Slovenia toward Austria (Bleiburg) at the end of the World War II, the extradition of prisoners from the Viktring POW camp, and the “death march- es” that followed, which are also called the “Ways of the cross”. During the last days of WW II members of the Allied forces created their own spheres of control, often ignoring the destiny of the defeated party. The postwar period called for individuals able to carry out the “final struggle with the enemy”. Even today, the number of losses during those days cannot be clarified. Previous interpretations by Croatian and Yugoslav historians are often subjective and ignored the question of responsibility for the crimes com- mitted then.1 On the other hand, members of the Croatian emigration tried to present their view of the truth, but their efforts, while often well-intentioned, also included inaccuracies, creating additional problems for contemporary scholars. -
The Bleiburg Massacres
An International Symposium "SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE 1918-1995" Publisher: Croatian Heritage Foundation & Croatian Information Centre For the Publisher: Ante Beljo Expert Counsellor: Dr. sc. Dragutin Pavlicevic Editor: Aleksander Ravlic Graphic Design: Gorana Benic - Hudin Printed by: TARGA Copies Printed: 2000 ISBN 953-6525-05-4 Count Nikolai Tolstoy historian; research on inforced repatriation of Croats and other nationalities after the World War II Court Close, Southmoore, nr Abingdon Berkshire OX 13 5Hs ENGLAND THE BLEIBURG MASSACRES In 1945, the overwhelming majority of Croatian people returned to Yugoslavia from Austria were not killed at Bleiburg itself, but following their recrossing of the Drava. However, historically the involuntary repatriation of Croats in that year has long borne the name of the Austrian town where their Calvary began. I do not propose on this occasion to attempt any detailed account of the fate of the unfortunate victims after they had been returned to Yugoslavia, nor to attempt any statistical estimate, since these are topics at present undergoing specialised research within Croatia. I intend here to concentrate attention on one aspect of the greater event, which to this day remains a strange and sinister mystery: the decision of the British military authorities to hand the Croats over to be slaughtered has never received any satisfactory explanation. It is an enigma which I have been researching now for nearly twenty years, to which even now I am unable to provide a coherent account, which is consistent with currently available evidence and historically more satisfactory account contained in my book The Minister and the Massacres (1986), and the curious version of events which appears in the British Government’s authorised report, The Repatriations from Austria in 1945 (1990). -
Bleiburg I “Križni Put” U Historiografiji, Publicistici I Memoarskoj Literaturi
SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET Ivana Lučića 3 Martina Grahek Ravančić BLEIBURG I “KRIŽNI PUT” U HISTORIOGRAFIJI, PUBLICISTICI I MEMOARSKOJ LITERATURI Magistarski rad Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Ivo Goldstein Zagreb, 2006. UVOD Ishod Drugoga svjetskoga rata nazirao se već krajem 1944. godine, kada Zapadni saveznici, potpomognuti jedinicama Crvene armije s istoka, zaokružuju svoje napredovanje. Općim nadiranjem rasipaju se snage Trećeg Reicha, koje su držale liniju obrane na području Grčke. Njihovo povlačenje prema zapadu pratio je i veliki dio Hrvatskih oružanih snaga (HOS) i civila. Dana 9. svibnja 1945., potpisana je opća kapitulacija vojske Trećeg Reicha, s kojom je službeno završen Drugi svjetski rat. No, rješavanje pitanja geopolitičkih odnosa i dominacije na ovim prostorima (posebice onima koji su pripadali poraženoj strani), kao i pitanje pravednog odnosa prema pripadnicima poraženih snaga, ostali su i dalje otvoreno pitanje i velika obaveza ratnih pobjednika. Pismeni dogovori, na koje se često poziva i prema kojima je trebalo regulirati postojeće stanje, te izvršiti svoju “moralnu obavezu”, potpisani su na političkim konferencijama, održanim i prije završetka ratnih operacija. Prekidom sukoba, zapisana riječ trebala je “zaživjeti”, no čini se da je i ovaj put sama provedba bila otežana ili možda upitna. U taj kontekst nužno je smjestiti događaje s kraja Drugoga svjetskog rata i neposredno nakon završetka ratnih operacija, koji su danas poznati pod nazivom Bleiburška tragedija. Ovaj naziv obuhvaća: opkoljavanje i zarobljavanje postrojbi Trećeg Reicha i vojske NDH na prostoru Celje – Slovenjgradec – Dravograd – Bleiburg, izručivanje zarobljenika iz logora Viktring (Vetrinje) kraj Klagenfurta, te događaje koji su uslijedili duž “križnog puta” tj. na “marševima smrti”. U konačnici postavlja se pitanje koliko je vojnika (Hrvatske oružane snage, slovenski domobrani, srpski i crnogorski četnici i Kozaci) i civila stradalo u ova tri izolirana slučaja. -
Kratki Povijesni Pregled Zla Nad Hrvatskom
VODITELJ PROJEKTA: Slobodan Praljak UREDIO: Tomislav Đonlić Kratki povijesni pregled zla nad Hrvatskom (osvajanja, progoni, ubijanja, pljačke, zatiranja…) Zagreb 2006. Sadržaj: Uvod ……………… 1 Srednji vijek u Hrvatskoj ……………… 2 Talijanska uprava u Istri, Zadru i otocima ....................... 12 Talijanska uprava u anektiranim područjima (1941.-1945.) ……………… 18 Kraljevina Jugoslavija – počeci velikosrpske hegemonije ……………… 23 Četnički zločini u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini ........................ 34 NDH – Nezavisna Država Hrvatska ……………… 54 Jasenovac i drugi ustaški logori ……………… 56 Bleiburg, Križni put i poslijeratne likvidacije ……………… 61 Folksdojčeri ……………… 74 Iseljavanje (tjeranje) Poljaka iz Jugoslavije (BiH) ……………… 95 Neke crtice iz povijesti Jugoslavije (1945. – 1989.) ……………… 99 Informbiro ……………… 102 Žrtve Ozna-e i Udba-e u inozemstvu ……………… 105 Povijesni zemljovidi ……………… 111 Uvod Sudbina malobrojnih naroda je takva da su kroz cijelu svoju povijest izloženi različitim oblicima imperijalizma i hegemonije brojnijih naroda. Identična je sudbina hrvatskoga naroda kojemu se tek na pragu 21. stoljeća ukazala mogućnost da u jednom krvavom i nametnutom ratu ostvari pravo na vlastitu državu. Nacionalni osjećaj se kod malobrojnih naroda ispoljava kroz borbu za vlastiti identitet, jezik, kulturu i običaje, ukratko borba za opstanak. Kroz hrvatsku povijest tutori su u Hrvatskoj bili: Mlečani, Turci, Mađari, Austrijanci, Francuzi, Talijani, Nijemci, Srbi… nastojeći podrediti Hrvatsku ili neke dijelove Hrvatske. Pritom su se služili sabljama