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A New Rhynchosaur (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Eastern North America

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A New Rhynchosaur (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Eastern North America Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 A New Rhynchosaur (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Eastern North America Hans-Dieter Sues , Adam J. Fitch & Robin L. Whatley To cite this article: Hans-Dieter Sues , Adam J. Fitch & Robin L. Whatley (2020): A New Rhynchosaur (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Eastern North America, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2020.1771568 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1771568 View supplementary material Published online: 30 Jul 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ujvp20 Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1771568 (10 pages) This work was authored as part of Hans Dieter-Sues’ official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 USC. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under US Law. Adam J. Fitch and Robin L. Whatley hereby waive their right to assert copyright, but not their right to be named as co-authors in the article. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2020.1771568 ARTICLE A NEW RHYNCHOSAUR (REPTILIA, ARCHOSAUROMORPHA) FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA HANS-DIETER SUES, *,1 ADAM J. FITCH,2 and ROBIN L. WHATLEY3 1Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A., [email protected]; 2Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1215 W. Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A., afi[email protected]; 3School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Columbia College Chicago, 600 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A., [email protected] ABSTRACT—This paper provides a description and analysis of cranial remains of a rhynchosaur from the Upper Triassic Evangeline Member of the Wolfville Formation of Nova Scotia, Canada. This material, primarily comprising jaw elements, represents the first definitive record of Late Triassic rhynchosaurs from eastern North America. All cranial bones can be assigned to Hyperodapedontinae. The dentition of the Nova Scotian hyperodapedontine differs from those of Hyperodapedon and Isalorhynchus. The maxilla apparently did not have more than two lateral rows and two medial rows of teeth. The teeth of the lateral row closest to the single groove dividing the maxillary tooth plate are more than twice as large as those of the medial row closest to the groove. The lateral and medial tooth-bearing portions of the maxilla become increasingly crest-like during ontogeny. The dentary lacks a lingual row of teeth. Based on this combination of features, the hyperodapedontine material from the Evangeline Member is assigned to a new taxon, Oryctorhynchus bairdi, gen. et sp. nov., which is the sister species to an unnamed hyperodapedontine taxon from Wyoming. This clade was recovered as the sister taxon to Hyperodapedon spp. in the phylogenetic analysis. The late Carnian or earliest Norian tetrapod assemblage from the Evangeline Member represents a mixture of faunal elements from a wide paleolatitudinal range, suggesting a more cosmopolitan distribution for continental tetrapods during the early Late Triassic than previously assumed. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AD84DBE6-0B61-4487-AAF6-2BE4D9DE6C4D SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Citation for this article: Sues, H.-D., A. J. Fitch, and R. L. Whatley. 2020. A new rhynchosaur (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of eastern North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2020.1771568. INTRODUCTION Europe, the clade is known from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of England (Benton, 1990; Hone and Benton, 2008; Langer Rhynchosauria is a clade of probably herbivorous archosauro- et al., 2010) and the Upper Triassic (?Carnian) of Scotland morph reptiles that was an important element in many Middle (Benton, 1983) to date. The more derived rhynchosaurids form a and Late Triassic tetrapod communities (Chatterjee, 1974; subclade Hyperodapedontinae, which is characterized by synapo- Benton, 1983; Whatley, 2005; Schultz et al., 2016; Langer et al., morphies including the extensive lateral overlap of the maxilla by 2017). Diagnostic features for Rhynchosauria include the pres- the jugal, the lateral tooth-bearing area of the maxilla being equal ence of a single median external narial opening, the contact in width to or broader than the medial tooth-bearing area, and between the premaxilla and the prefrontal, the presence of mul- the presence of enlarged teeth with angular cross-sections (= pyra- tiple tooth rows on the maxilla and the dentary, and the fusion midal; Chatterjee, 1969)inthefirst lateral row (L1) on the maxilla of the parietals (Dilkes, 1998; Whatley, 2005; Butler et al., 2015; (Whatley, 2005; Langer et al., 2017). Huxley (1869, 1887) described Ezcurra et al., 2016). Most rhynchosaurs, grouped together as the first known hyperodapedontine, Hyperodapedon gordoni, from Rhynchosauridae, have beak-like, edentulous premaxillae and the Upper Triassic Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation of Scotland; maxillary tooth plates with two or more lateral and medial rows Benton (1983) provided a detailed anatomical study of this taxon. of teeth divided by a longitudinal groove for the reception of In his description of Hyperodapedon huxleyi from India, Lydekker the dentate dentary blade. They attained a wide geographic distri- (1885) first placed Hyperodapedon in its own subfamily Hyperoda- bution during the Middle and Late Triassic (Anisian–Norian) and pedontinae to distinguish it from Rhynchosaurus from the Middle were particularly abundant in Gondwana, with records from Triassic of England. Argentina, Brazil, India, Madagascar, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe Lucas et al. (2002) proposed a global Hyperodapedon biochron (Huene, 1938, 1940, 1942; Sill, 1970; Chatterjee, 1974; Azevedo, for tetrapod-bearing continental strata of late Carnian age and 1984; Dilkes, 1998; Langer and Schultz, 2000; Langer et al., correlative with the Otischalkian-Adamanian Land Vertebrate 2000, 2017; Montefeltro et al., 2010; Butler et al., 2015; Mukherjee Faunachron in the American Southwest. However, the taxonomic and Ray, 2015; Ezcurra et al., 2016; Schultz et al., 2016). In diversity of Hyperodapedontinae remains in need of a compre- hensive reassessment (Whatley, 2005; Langer et al., 2017). Thus, it appears premature at this point to designate Hyperodapedon *Corresponding author. as the index fossil for an eponymous global biochron. Published online 30 Jul 2020 Sues et al.—New rhynchosaur from Canada (e1771568-2) Late Triassic rhynchosaurs are uncommon in North America. (Fig. 1; Sues and Olsen, 2015). The Wolfville Formation uncon- No undisputed records of these reptiles have been reported formably overlies the possibly Permian Honeycomb Point For- from the Chinle Formation and Dockum Group in the American mation and underlies the Norian–Rhaetian Blomidon Southwest, both of which have yielded a wealth of Late Triassic Formation. Sues and Olsen (2015) divided this formation into tetrapod fossils. Only two definitive occurrences in North the Economy Member and Evangeline Member. Isolated bones America have been recorded to date. Baird (1963) announced and teeth of tetrapods typically occur as clasts in calcite-cemen- the discovery of rhynchosaurian remains in the Upper Triassic ted, pebbly intraformational conglomerates of the Evangeline (Carnian) Wolfville Formation of Nova Scotia, which, at that Member. Most are fragmentary and often water-worn. time, represented the first record of these reptiles from North However, a few partial skulls and skeletons of tetrapods have America. Sues and Olsen (2015) briefly reviewed these finds been recovered from mudstones and sandstones of this unit. To and published photographs of a right premaxilla, a right maxilla date, strata of the Evangeline Member have yielded a diverse of a juvenile, and a basicranium (Sues and Olsen, 2015:fig. 14b– assemblage of continental tetrapods, including the traversodontid d). Various authors (e.g., Langer et al., 2017) have commented cynodont Arctotraversodon plemmyridon, an unidentified kanne- on aspects of this material, which is documented in detail here meyeriiform dicynodont, three taxa of procolophonid pararep- for the first time. tiles, the temnospondyl stem amphibian Metoposaurus bakeri, Lucas et al. (2002) reported jaw fragments, especially a piece of and several taxa of non-archosaurian archosauromorph and arch- a left maxilla preserved still in occlusion with part of the dentary, osaurian reptiles (Sues and Olsen, 2015). The geological age of from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) Jelm Formation of Wyoming. this unit is poorly constrained. Metoposaurus bakeri is elsewhere A.J.F. is currently studying additional jaw remains from this stra- known only from the Camp Springs Formation of the Dockum tigraphic unit. Lucas et al. (2002) tentatively identified the Nova Group in Texas (Hunt, 1993). The latter formation has generally Scotian and Wyoming specimens as Hyperodapedon cf. H. sanjua- been dated as late Carnian (Tuvalian; Lucas et al., 2002; Sues and nensis based on the shared absence of teeth on the lingual surface Olsen,
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