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Mémoire Aiméline 2003

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Mémoire Aiméline 2003 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE SUPERIEURE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES DEPARTEMENT ELEVAGE SITUATION ACTUELLE DE LA COLLECTE DES CRABES DE MANGROVES SCYLLA SERRATA ET DE L’ETAT DES MANGROVESMANGROVES.... CAS DE LA RÉGION BOENY Mémoire de fin d’études en vue de l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur Agronome Option : Elevage Présenté par : RAMIANDRISOA Marie Aiméline SOUTENU DEVANT LE JURY COMPOSE DE : Président de jury : PhD RABEARIMISA Rivo Nirina Encadreur académique : Docteur RAFOMANANA Georges Examinateurs : Professeur RAKOTOZANDRINY Jean de Neupomuscène Docteur RANDRIAMIARISOA M. Docteur HANTANIRINA Herisoa Isabelle Promotion AVANA (2007-2012) 18 Juin 2014 COLLECTE DE CRABES DE MANGROVES UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES EN VUE DE Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques L’OBTENTION DU DIPLOME D’INGENIEUR (ESSA) AGRONOME Tél : (261) 22 228 67/ Fax : (261) 22 340 83 Option : ELEVAGE BP : 175 CP 101 Antananarivo Madagascar Auteur :RAMIANDRISOA Marie Aiméline – Promotion AVANA (2007 – 2012) Titre : « Contribution à l’étude de la situation actuelle de la collecte de crabes de mangroves Scylla serrata. Cas de la Région Boeny. » Réalisation : Janvier – Avril 2012 Tuteur : Monsieur RAFOMANANA Georges ; Directeur de Recherche Associée en Sciences Halieutiques RESUME Le crabe de mangroves Scylla serrata fait partie desressources halieutiques exploitées à Madagascar. La Région Boeny dotée de large côte et de vastes mangroves produit 50% de la production nationale de crabes. Dans cette région, plusieurs sociétés traitent et exportent le crabe de boue. Ces sociétés ainsi que le marché national sont ravitaillés par les collecteurs de crabes de boue. La collecte de crabes s’opère toute l’année. Elle est très intense durant la saison de pluies et au début de la saison sèche. Les produits sont transportés par voies fluviales, maritimes et terrestres par des pirogues et des voitures, charrettes ou pousse-pousses. Du point de vue quantitatif et qualitatif, les crabes collectés augmente en tonnages, mais, la qualité des crabes laisse à désirer. En effet, la composition des produits collectés est dominée par les crabes moyens. Cependant, la part des gros crabes diminue et la proportion des petits crabes augmente. La principale cause de cette tendance est le non respect des textes par les acteurs de la filière.Les principales zones de collecte de crabes sont des Districts appartenant à cinq régions : Boeny, Sofia, Melaky, Diana et Menabe. Ces Districts sont : Mahajanga I et II, Mitsinjo, Marovoay, Soalala, Antsohihy, Analalava, Befandriana Avaratra, Besalampy et Morondava. Pour améliorer l’exploitation de cette ressource, des solutions efficaces à long terme sont à préconiser et à appliquer. Mots clés : collecte, Région Boeny, Scylla serrata. ABSTRACT The crab of mangrove swamps Scylla serrata is part of the piscatorial resources exploited to Madagascar. The Region Boeny endowed with large coast and vast mangrove swamps product 50% of the national production of crabs. In this region, several societies treat and export the crab of mud. These societies as well as the national market are given fresh supplies to by the collectors of mud crabs. The collection of crabs operates itself all year round. It is very intense during the season of rains and in the beginning of the dry season. The products are transported by fluvialand terrestrial ways by dugouts and cars, carts or push-shoots. Of the point of quantitative and qualitative view, the collected crabs increase in tonnages, but, the quality of the crabs let to want. Indeed, the composition of the products collected is dominated by the middle crabs. However, the piece of the big crabs decreases and the proportion of the small crabs increases. The main reason of this tendency is the non respect of the texts by the actors of the path. The main zones of collection of crabs are the Districts belonging to five regions: Boeny, Sofia, Melaky, Diana and Menabe. These Districts are: Mahajanga I and II, Mitsinjo, Marovoay, Soalala, Antsohihy, Analalava, Befandriana Avaratra, Besalampy and Morondava. To improve the exploitation of this resource, of the efficient solutions long-term are to recommend and to apply. Key words: collect, Region of Boeny, Scylla serrata. FAMINTINANA Ny drakaka dia anisan’ireo hazan-drano trandrahana eto Madagasikara. Ny Faritra Boeny izay manana sisin-drano malalaka sy ala honko mivelatra dia mamokatra ny 50% ny vokatra drakaka nasionaly. Hita ato amin’ny Faritra ihany koa ireo orinasa mpikarakara, mpanodina sy mpanondrana drakaka. Ny drakaka voangon’ireo mpanangona dia entina hamatsiana ireo orinasa ireo sy ny tsena anatiny. Asa mandavan-taona ny fanangonana drakaka. Miroborobo kokoa izany amin’ny vaninan’andro ny orana sy amin’ny fiandohan’ny main-tany. Ny fitanterana an-dranomasina sy an-tanety no hitondrana ireo drakaka velona makany amin’ireo orinasa sy tsena amin’ny alalan’ny lakana, fiara, sarety na koa posy. Miha mitombo sy miha maro ny drakaka voangona, kanefa, miha ratsy ny kalitaon’ny vokatra. Manamarina izany ny fitsinjarana araka ny ahaben’ny drakaka voangona: mibahan-toerana ny drakaka salasalany, mihena ny hamaroan’ny drakaka vaventy ary miha maro ny drakaka madinika azo. Ny tsy fanajana sy tsy fanarahana ny làlana mifehy ny fitrandrahana no anton’izany. Ireo toerana fanangonana dia mitsinjara amin’ireo Distrika ao amin’ny Faritra Boeny, Sofia, Melaky, Diana ary Menabe. Ireto avy ireo Distrika voakasika amin’izany: Mahajanga I sy II, Mitsinjo, Marovoay, Soalala, Antsohihy, Analalava, Befandriana Avaratra, Besalampy ary Morondava. Ny fitadiavana vaha olana maharitra azo hampiarina no tokony atao anitsiana ny zava-misy sy hanatsarana ny fitrandrahana ity harena an-dranomasina ity. Teny manan-danja: fanangonana, Faritra Boeny, Scylla serrata Je soussigne, RAMIANDRISOA Marie Aiméline, propriétaire des droits de reproduction du résumé du mémoire susmentionné, autorise par la présente, toutes les sources bibliographiques à signaler et publier le dit résumé ou émet les réserves suivantes. Signature : Date : RAMIANDRISOA Marie Aiméline Page i COLLECTE DE CRABES DE MANGROVES REMERCIEMENTS Nous tenons vivement à remercier Dieu Tout Puissant et les personnes suivantes, car sans eux, la présente étude n’aurait pas été achevée : Monsieur RABEARIMISA Rivo Nirina , Ph D, Maître de Conférences, Enseignant Chercheur, Chef de Département Elevage, pour l’honneur qu’il nous fait en présidant cette soutenance de mémoire ; Monsieur RAFOMANANA Georges , Directeur de Recherche Associé en Sciences Halieutiques, Mention : Economie Rurale Aquacole, notre tuteur, qui n’a ménagé ni son temps ni ses possibilités pour mener à bien ce travail et apporter des corrections bénéfiques, des remarques et des suggestions améliorantes ; Monsieur RAKOTOZANDRINY Jean de Neupomuscène , Docteur d’Etat ès- Sciences Naturelles, Docteur III ème cycle en Sciences Biologiques Appliquées, Professeur titulaire, d’avoir accepté de siéger parmi les membres du Jury de ce soutenance ; Monsieur RANDRIAMIARISOA M. , Docteur en Sciences Agronomiques, Directeur Régional de la Pêche et des Ressources Halieutiques de la Région de Vakinankaratra, qui malgré ces nombreuses obligations a accepté de bien vouloir examiner ce mémoire ; Madame HANTANIRINA Herisoa Isabelle , Docteur Ingénieur à l’Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques (ESSA), qui a bien voulu être l’examinateur de ce mémoire ; Monsieur ANDRIAMIHAJA Herimalala , Directeur de Production de la société Pêchexport qui a permis notre intégration au niveau de son Etablissement ; Monsieur RAZAFIMANDIMBY J. Jonah , qui nous a assisté durant notre stage de mémoire, Tout le personnel de la société Pêchexport ; Tout le personnel de l’Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques et spécialement du Département Elevage (ESSA) ; Je remercie toute ma famille, en particulier mes parents, mes sœurs, mes amis et connaissances pour les diverses recommandations et le soutien moral qu’ils m’ont toujours donné tout au long de mes études. Toutes les personnes qui ont participé de près ou de loin à la réalisation de ce mémoire. «Merci du fond du cœur et que Dieu vous bénissebénisse»»»» RAMIANDRISOA Marie Aiméline Page ii COLLECTE DE CRABES DE MANGROVES TABLE DES MATIERES RESUME ..................................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ i FAMINTINANA ......................................................................................................................... i REMERCIEMENTS .................................................................................................................. ii TABLE DES MATIERES ........................................................................................................ iii LISTE DES FIGURES ............................................................................................................. vii LISTE DES TABLEAUX ....................................................................................................... viii LISTE DES ANNEXES ............................................................................................................. x LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. xi LISTE DES ACRONYMES ...................................................................................................
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