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Spatial Analysis on Malay Buildings for Categorization of Malay Historic Bim Library

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Spatial Analysis on Malay Buildings for Categorization of Malay Historic Bim Library ©2020 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies http://TuEngr.com PAPER ID: 11A02B SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON MALAY BUILDINGS FOR CATEGORIZATION OF MALAY HISTORIC BIM LIBRARY a* b b Muhammad Hadi Mustafa , Maisarah Ali , Kamsiah Mohd Ismail , a a Khairusy Syakirin Has Yun Hashim , Mohamad Saifulnizam Suhaimi a Department of Quantity Surveying, Kuliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University (IIUM), MALAYSIA. b Department of Civil Engineering Kuliyyah of Engineering, IIUM. MALAYSIA. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: In Malaysia, Malay cultural architecture is becoming a popular Received 06 April 2019 Received in revised form 19 topic since Malay architecture is believed to have unique June 2019 characteristics, which would be beneficial if translated into Building Accepted 30 October 2019 Information Modelling (BIM) environment. However, a BIM library Available online 12 November 2019 needs a localized system and categorization for its interface since a Keywords: cultural heritage library should reflect their own original identity of Historic Building architecture. From literature, it was found that the traditional design Information Modelling; form in Malay architecture can be identified through several aspects Malaysia historic BIM; that are inherent physical elements in the design which can be sorted Malay architecture; into five distinct categories which are (i) Structural members (ii) Cultural heritage; Non-structural members (iii) Aesthetic and decorative elements (iv) Spatial configuration Spatial composition and organization and (v) Material and construction analysis; BIM library technology. In order to develop a BIM library with cultural identity, categorization. this paper further the study on the characters of Malay architecture based on the spatial composition and organization aspect with respect to the theory of space and taxonomy.Spatial analysis on the layout of multiple historic Malay buildings consisting of palaces and a commoners’ house were conducted where the naming of areas within the building zones was identified and presented to propose a novel categorization structure for Malay Historic BIM library. This study proposed an approach on how to address the issue of developing a BIM library based on the cultural architecture characters. Disciplinary: Multidisciplinary (Civil Engineering, Architectural Sciences, Heritage Science). © 2020 INT TRANS J ENG MANAG SCI TECH. 1. INTRODUCTION Investment in technology has always been to improve effectiveness and increase performance in the design and build process to yield a higher return of investment at the end of the day (Mohd-Nor *Corresponding author (M.Hadi Mustafa) Tel: +603-61964000 Ext.4564 Email: [email protected] ©2020 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 11 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 1 1906-9642 CODEN: ITJEA8 Paper ID:11A02B http://TUENGR.COM/V10A/11A02B.pdf DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.22 and Grant, 2014). Due to the benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and its huge potential of improving the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, governments around the world have started to mandate the use of BIM in their own country as part of their initiatives to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and embracing the Industrial Revolution 4. BIM is a process for creating and managing information on a construction project across the project lifecycle (National Building Specification, 2016). Among the main objectives of BIM is to support the decision-making process in a project, offer improved quality assurance and data exchange in the process. It is also meant to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of any design work because designing tasks are time-consuming. Using BIM, architects are able to virtually construct the building before physical construction begins on site. To increase design efficiency, among the approach that BIM offers to speed up the design task is with the creation of BIM library. By having a BIM database or library, it eliminates the redundancy of creating similar elements, thus reducing unnecessary workload for designers. BIM models are capable of embedding key building information into the model including materials with their physical properties. BIM libraries are performing as online sources for building product models. It is important to have proper organisation and categorization within the database in order to effectively use it. With BIM has managed to establish itself in the designing, planning and execution stages of projects, many BIM practitioners and BIM providers embark on sharing their work on various platforms. Among platforms that are popular for these practitioners to share are RevitCity, BIMObjects, NBS National BIM Library, MYBIM library, Arcat, Smart BIM library, and BIMsmith. The contents are mostly generic BIM model which focuses on simple and contemporary design. Most designs are found to be contemporary because BIM approach is originally intended for the design process of new projects. However, according to Afsari and Eastman (2014), there are no standards or guidelines in organizing the objects systematically within the database. Apart from that, none of the libraries has a specific-theme library based on cultural architecture or designs from over the world. While cultural architecture carries its own diversely unique identity and characters, it is always essential to appreciate diversity. Therefore, it is imperative in order to create a BIM library based on cultural architecture, and BIM practitioners should establish the library based on the culture's character and identity instead of having a generic BIM library categorization. Among unique cultural architecture available worldwide is the Malay architecture. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, Malay is a member of a people of the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, parts of Borneo, and some adjacent islands. The characters of Malay architecture is unique because its characters are believed to be inherited from their legacy of an irreplaceable source of Malay lifestyle, history, and inspiration (Sim, 2010). The authors such as Said (2007) and Sim (2010) complemented that Malay has invented one of the most sophisticated and amazing houses, kenned as traditional Malay houses. There are also researches mentioning that Malay has high skills in woodcarving and their beautiful artworks are represented in their houses and buildings (Ismail et al., 2015). This paper's objective is to analyze the spatial arrangement from historical Malay buildings in order to propose the categorization in Malay Historic Building Information Modelling (MHBIM) library. In identifying and studying the main characters of the Malay architecture, this study reviews 2 M. Hadi Mustafa, M.Ali, K. Mohd Ismail, K. Syakirin H.Y. Hashim, M. Saifulnizam Suhaimi and analyses on spatial arrangement because space can be considered as the basic language in architecture. Finally, the findings will act as the basis for organizing the database, to facilitate the use of the library. The main aim of this study is to address the issue of developing a BIM library based on the Malay cultural architectural characters. 2. THEORY OF SPACE IN ARCHITECTURE Space is an important aspect of architecture. Space creates a special relationship between function and social meanings in building (Hillier and Hanson, 1984). According to them, the order of space in buildings is really about the order of relations between people. “Architecture is not a 'social art' simply because buildings are important visual symbols of society, but also because, through the ways in which buildings, individually and collectively, create and order space, we are able to recognise society: that it exists and has a certain form.” (Quoted from The Social Logic of Space, Page 2.) The theory of space in architecture proposed by Rudolph Micheal Schindler in the eighteenth century mentioned that architecture is an art that had evolved to a more sublime and abstract level by relinquishing its symbolic capacity to speak (Park, 2015). He argues that the notion of space in architecture dealt with mental processes as space was being conceived. Therefore, the form creation in architecture referred not only to the act of physical fabrication but also to the entire mental process that led from inception to completion. The theory also argues that ‘human beings could not conceive space’ but instead always conceived rooms. However, Yuan (1987) claims that Malay architecture is unique because most of the Malay accommodation is divided into areas, rather than rooms, for various social and household activities. Abidin (1981 as cited in Hoseini et al., 2014) divided the areas into four zones, the Front Zone, Main (Middle) House Zone, Kitchen Zone and Rear Zone. Figure 1: Typical Traditional Malay house layout (Hoseini, 2014) *Corresponding author (M.Hadi Mustafa) Tel: +603-61964000 Ext.4564 Email: [email protected] ©2020 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Volume 11 No.2 ISSN 2228-9860 eISSN 3 1906-9642 CODEN: ITJEA8 Paper ID:11A02B http://TUENGR.COM/V10A/11A02B.pdf DOI: 10.14456/ITJEMAST.2020.22 2.1 MALAY ARCHITECTURE In Malaysia, it is difficult to define Malay architecture due to the term
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