DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovation and Invective in Cicero's Violent Metaphors by Anne

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovation and Invective in Cicero's Violent Metaphors by Anne Innovation and Invective in Cicero’s Violent Metaphors By Anne Meredith Rabe B.A., University of Kansas, 2002 M.A., University of Kansas, 2007 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics at Brown University PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2015 © 2015 by Anne M. Rabe This dissertation by Anne M. Rabe is accepted in its present form by the Department of Classics as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date _________________ __________________________________________ (John Bodel), Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date _________________ __________________________________________ (Lisa Mignone), Reader Date _________________ __________________________________________ (Adele Scafuro), Reader Date _________________ __________________________________________ (Anthony Corbeill), Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date _________________ __________________________________________ (Peter M. Weber), Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Anne M. Rabe was born in St. Louis, MO on December 30, 1979. At the age of two she moved with her parents to Lawrence, Kansas, and there she benefitted from the superb education afforded by the city at the elementary, secondary, and collegiate levels. After graduating from Lawrence High School in 1998, Anne entered into study at The University of Kansas where she completed her B.A. first in Anthropology (2002) and then in Classical Languages (2004), graduating with Highest Distinction and receiving induction into Phi Beta Kappa. She then earned a M.A. in Classics at the University of Kansas (2007), receiving along the way the university-wide Outstanding Graduate Teaching Assistant Award (2006) and the Classics Department’s Albert O. Greef Outstanding Essay Award (2007). Upon completion of her master’s degree, Anne served as Adjunct Instructor of Classics at William Jewell College (2008). In 2008 she undertook a Ph.D. at Brown University, and over the course of her studies there, she delivered a paper at the annual meeting of the Classical Association of the Middle West and South (2012) and attended courses in Roman epigraphy at the British School at Rome (2012) and in Greek paleography at the Lincoln College Summer School of Greek Paleography, Oxford (2012). Following completion of her Ph.D., Anne plans to devote herself to Latin teaching in the greater Kansas City area. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Among the many debts of gratitude I owe for the fruition and completion of this project, first mention must go to my advisor John Bodel, who, having patiently read Cicero’s speeches with me in the course of my special author study, indulged me as I chose to embark on a dissertation-length study of two verbs in Cicero’s usage (frango and lacero), and throughout the project helped shape my fledgling ideas into a cohesive argument. The way ahead was not always clear nor smooth, and he bore graciously several unexpected (and for my part, life-altering) announcements, rejoicing with me in the birth of our son Jacob and in good humor continuing to meet with me via Skype as I took up residence in Kansas the final year. As many faults as this work still may bear (which are entirely my own), without his guidance there would be no dissertation, and to him I give my sincere and everlasting thanks. Much gratitude is owed too to Tony Corbeill. It was with Tony at the University of Kansas that I first became a serious student of Cicero and entered into the rigors of prose philological work, and when the request came years later to be a part of this dissertation committee, Tony accepted with humility and eagerness, offering insightful comments and feedback at various stages of the project. Additional thanks are due to the faculty and graduate students of the Brown University Department of Classics. It has been a privilege and an honor to be a part of this department in every respect, from the vigorous seminars to the annual Latin Carol Celebration, which I am sure must be one of the most uniquely joyful holiday events held anywhere. I came to Brown an enthusiastic, awestruck, and slightly overconfident girl v from Kansas, and I was met by nothing but encouragement and a warmhearted challenge to excellence, from my teachers first and foremost but from my fellow graduate students as well. I cannot imagine a more congenial atmosphere for graduate study than this department has afforded, and to the cohort of my year especially (Annie and Joe McDonald, Barbara Blythe, Mitchell Parks) I offer the final cry of ‘wanquish’. Upon moving back to Kansas, our families were crucial to finishing this project. They housed us, fed us, and cared for our son as I frantically worked day and night to turn thoughts scribbled on paper and echoing in my head into a cogent piece of writing. Their love and support proved a stay amidst the maelstrom the final year brought, and I am eternally grateful. I thank too Tara Welch and the Classics Department of The University of Kansas for providing me with an office as well as academic fellowship this past year. The smiles and warm hellos from all were glimmers of sunlight during my darkest days of writing. My utmost thanks, however, goes to my husband Kyle, who has borne with me every step of the way, enduring two rounds of graduate school and all the stress, elation, and occasional despair there entailed. Night after night, year after year, through countless hours of feverish work he loved, encouraged, and sacrificed, listening patiently as I practicing for upcoming presentations and recounted the various woes of grad school life according to the day. He walked and talked with me as I bounced dissertation ideas off of him in the early stages, and through the end he read and offered apt stylistic feedback on numerous pieces of the dissertation itself, including sections of detailed philological analysis. I cannot express my gratitude and love in writing here and hope instead that in the future I may return the loving service he has given so selflessly. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Curriculum Vitae iv Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vii List of Tables ix Abbreviations x Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Invective Reference Before Cicero 15 I. The Greek Divide 17 I.a. The Iambic Testimonia 21 I.b. The Attic Orators 26 I.c. Aristophanes 32 I.d. Plato 38 II. The Roman Contribution 40 II.a. Plautus and Terence 43 II.b. Pre-Ciceronian Oratory 54 II.c. Lucilius 60 Chapter 2 Cicero’s Pre-Consular Language 65 I. Documentation 71 I.a. Verb Entries 73 I.b. Initial Comments 87 II. Categories by Meaning and Sphere 89 II.a. Categories by Meaning 89 II.b. Categories by Sphere 92 III. Application 98 III.a. Specificity of Imagery 99 III.b. Tendency to Cluster 101 III.c. Verb Forms and Application 105 IV. Conclusion 111 vii Chapter 3 Post-Consular Cicero: An Innovative Posture 113 I. 63-58 BCE (The Consular Years and Exile) 115 II. 57-55 BCE (The Post Reditum Years) 127 III. 54-45 BCE (The Years of Remove) 141 IV. 46-43 BCE (The Final Years) 145 V. Conclusion 152 Chapter 4 Novus Homo Self-Fashioning and an Imperial Legacy 158 I. Post-Consular Self-Fashioning 159 II. A Novus Homo Perspective 171 III. Imperial Afterlife 178 Conclusion 191 Works Cited 200 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Verb Frequency in the Attic Orators 26 Table 2: ‘Affliction’ Verbs in Cicero’s Pre-Consular Works 93 Table 3: Agents and Objects in Parallel Instances from Plautus and Terence 172 ix ABBREVIATIONS Latin texts are cited throughout this dissertation according to the conventions of the Oxford Latin Dictionary, and those in Greek likewise follow the abbreviations listed in Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon with the exceptions of Aeschines and Demosthenes, abbreviated here “Aesch.” and “Dem.”. LSJ H.G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented by H.S. Jones, with revised supplement. (Oxford, 1996). OCT Oxford Classical Texts, series published by Oxford University Press. (Clarendon Press). OED The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., prepared by J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. Weiner. (Oxford, 1989). OLD P.G.W. Glare, Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2012). ORF E. Malcovati, Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta Liberae Rei Publicae, 3rd ed. Vol. 1: Textus. (Turin, 1967). RE Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. (Stuttgart, 1893–1980). SB D.R. Shackleton Bailey, Cicero: Letters to Atticus; Letters to Friends; Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem et M. Brutum. Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries. (Cambridge). TLL Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (Leipzig, 1900- ). x INTRODUCTION This dissertation presents a detailed and focused examination of the language used in reference to invective attacks and verbal abuse in Greek and Roman literature up through Cicero. Its focus is metaphors, specifically those whose meaning can roughly be conceived of as ‘violent’ and take the form of a verb. Its ultimate goal is to argue 1) that from the year of his consulship on, Cicero, in depicting invective attacks, employed three specific semantic strands of violent metaphors heretofore unattested in prose, and, moreover, deployed them in a phrasing and syntax atypical of earlier prose, including his own; and 2) that his usage represents an innovative ad hominem posture of self- fashioning, serving to bolster his image and auctoritas in the post-consular years and paralleling a psychology of violent self-elevation over a social superior that is characteristic of Plautus’ slaves in particular. Its investigations are inspired by a simple statement in the sixteenth epistle of the ad Atticum collection (Att. 1.16, 61 BCE), the letter in which Cicero famously recounts to Atticus his altercatio with P. Clodius Pulcher during Clodius’ trial for violation of the Bona Dea rites.1 Having described several debates in which he battled Clodius, Cicero boasts to Atticus, “I broke Clodius in person in the senate” – Clodium praesentem fregi in senatu (Att.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the Politics of the Arena
    THE POLITICS OF THE ARENA 1 1 The Politics of the Arena Origin and Growth of Games The great games of the ancient Mediterranean grew out of religious holidays to become spectacular celebrations of the divine pantheon, events that not only called upon divine support to ensure continued prosperity for the state, but also offered an elaborate, formalized series of actions that encouraged, even required, the participation of an expanded human audience. These spectacles tended to follow a standard format of procession, sacrifice, and games. The procession, the first part of the festival, was, practically speaking, a means of conveying the worshipers, the officiants, and their implements of worship to the sacred space of the altar or temple. To enhance the ritual quality of the movement, the procession followed a specific, religiously significant pathway; the personnel were arranged in a specific order; the participants wore particular kinds of clothing, spoke or sang ritual words. These guidelines could involve sacrificial animals in the procession as well, who not only would be draped in wreaths or ribbons, to set them apart from “common” animals, to make them “sacred”, but also were meant to conform to certain kinds of behavior: they had to seem willing to approach the altar, and cult officials who accompanied them made sure of this. The procession was followed by the sacrifice. Sacrifice was the basic act of Graeco-Roman religion, establishing a positive relationship between deity and worshiper through the offering of a gift; this could mean the immolation of an animal, the pouring of a wine or oil libation, or setting cakes or flowers on the god’s altar for his enjoyment.
    [Show full text]
  • What the Romans Knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018 • Part II
    What the Romans knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018 http://www.scaruffi.com/know • Part II 1 What the Romans knew Archaic Roma Capitolium Forum 2 (Museo della Civiltà Romana, Roma) What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Wars against Carthage resulted in conquest of the Phoenician and Greek civilizations – Greek pantheon (Zeus=Jupiter, Juno = Hera, Minerva = Athena, Mars= Ares, Mercury = Hermes, Hercules = Heracles, Venus = Aphrodite,…) – Greek city plan (agora/forum, temples, theater, stadium/circus) – Beginning of Roman literature: the translation and adaptation of Greek epic and dramatic poetry (240 BC) – Beginning of Roman philosophy: adoption of Greek schools of philosophy (155 BC) – Roman sculpture: Greek sculpture 3 What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Greeks: knowing over doing – Romans: doing over knowing (never translated Aristotle in Latin) – “The day will come when posterity will be amazed that we remained ignorant of things that will to them seem so plain” (Seneca, 1st c AD) – Impoverished mythology – Indifference to metaphysics – Pragmatic/social religion (expressing devotion to the state) 4 What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Western civilization = the combined effect of Greece's construction of a new culture and Rome's destruction of all other cultures. 5 What the Romans Knew • The Mediterranean Sea (Mare Nostrum) – Rome was mainly a sea power, an Etruscan legacy – Battle of Actium (31 BC) created the “mare nostrum”, a peaceful, safe sea for trade and communication – Disappearance of piracy – Sea routes were used by merchants, soldiers,
    [Show full text]
  • INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
    INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www.
    [Show full text]
  • Ritual Cleaning-Up of the City: from the Lupercalia to the Argei*
    RITUAL CLEANING-UP OF THE CITY: FROM THE LUPERCALIA TO THE ARGEI* This paper is not an analysis of the fine aspects of ritual, myth and ety- mology. I do not intend to guess the exact meaning of Luperci and Argei, or why the former sacrificed a dog and the latter were bound hand and foot. What I want to examine is the role of the festivals of the Lupercalia and the Argei in the functioning of the Roman community. The best-informed among ancient writers were convinced that these were purification cere- monies. I assume that the ancients knew what they were talking about and propose, first, to establish the nature of the ritual cleanliness of the city, and second, see by what techniques the two festivals achieved that goal. What, in the perception of the Romans themselves, normally made their city unclean? What were the ordinary, repetitive sources of pollution in pre-Imperial Rome, before the concept of the cura Urbis was refined? The answer to this is provided by taboos and restrictions on certain sub- stances, and also certain activities, in the City. First, there is a rule from the Twelve Tables with Cicero’s curiously anachronistic comment: «hominem mortuum», inquit lex in duodecim, «in urbe ne sepelito neve urito», credo vel propter ignis periculum (De leg. II 58). Secondly, we have the edict of the praetor L. Sentius C.f., known from three inscrip- tions dating from the beginning of the first century BC1: L. Sentius C. f. pr(aetor) de sen(atus) sent(entia) loca terminanda coer(avit).
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Literature from Its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I by John Dunlop This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: History of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I Author: John Dunlop Release Date: April 1, 2011 [Ebook 35750] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ROMAN LITERATURE FROM ITS EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE AUGUSTAN AGE. VOLUME I*** HISTORY OF ROMAN LITERATURE, FROM ITS EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE AUGUSTAN AGE. IN TWO VOLUMES. BY John Dunlop, AUTHOR OF THE HISTORY OF FICTION. ivHistory of Roman Literature from its Earliest Period to the Augustan Age. Volume I FROM THE LAST LONDON EDITION. VOL. I. PUBLISHED BY E. LITTELL, CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. G. & C. CARVILL, BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 1827 James Kay, Jun. Printer, S. E. Corner of Race & Sixth Streets, Philadelphia. Contents. Preface . ix Etruria . 11 Livius Andronicus . 49 Cneius Nævius . 55 Ennius . 63 Plautus . 108 Cæcilius . 202 Afranius . 204 Luscius Lavinius . 206 Trabea . 209 Terence . 211 Pacuvius . 256 Attius . 262 Satire . 286 Lucilius . 294 Titus Lucretius Carus . 311 Caius Valerius Catullus . 340 Valerius Ædituus . 411 Laberius . 418 Publius Syrus . 423 Index . 453 Transcriber's note . 457 [iii] PREFACE. There are few subjects on which a greater number of laborious volumes have been compiled, than the History and Antiquities of ROME.
    [Show full text]
  • Plautus, with an English Translation by Paul Nixon
    '03 7V PLAUTUS. VOLUMK I. AMPHITRYON. THE COMEDY OF ASSES. THE POT OF GOLD. THE TWO BACCHISES. THE CAPTIVES. Volume II. CASIXA. THE CASKET COMEDY. CURCULIO. EPIDICUS. THE TWO MENAECHMUSES. THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY E. CAPPS, PH.])., LL.J1. T. E. PAGE, litt.d. ^V. H. D. ROUSE, LiTT.D. PLAUTUS III "TTTu^^TTr^cJcuTr P L A U T U S LVvOK-..f-J WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY PAUL NIXON PROFESSOR OF LATIN, BOWDOIS COLLEGE, UAINE IN FIVE VOLUMES III THE MERCHANT THE BRAGGART WARRIOR THE HAUNTED HOUSE THE PERSIAN LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXXIV Printed in Great Britain THE GREEK ORIGINALS AND DATES OF THE PLAYS IN THE THIRD VOLUME The Mercator is an adaptation of Philemon's Emporos}- When the Emporos was produced^ how- ever, is unknown, as is the date of production of the Mercator, and of the Mosldlaria and Perm, as well. The Alason, the Greek original of the Milex Gloriosus, was very likely written in 287 B.C., the argument ^ for that date being based on interna- tional relations during the reign of Seleucus,^ for whom Pyrgopolynices was recruiting soldiers at Ephesus. And Periplectomenus's allusion to the imprisonment of Naevius* might seem to suggest that Plautus composed the Miles about 206 b.c. Philemon's Fhasma was probably the original of the Mostellaria, and written, as it apparently was, after the death of Alexander the Great and Aga- thocles,^ we may assume that Philemon presented the Phasma between 288 b.c. and the year of the death of Diphilus,^ who was living when it was produced.
    [Show full text]
  • A Natural Starting Point for a Study of Cicero's Attitude Toward Military Matters Is His Actual Military Experience
    Cicero de re militari: A civilian perspective on military matters in the late Republic Katherine Amie Liong PhD in Classics The University of Edinburgh 2011 The candidate hereby confirms that this thesis was composed by her and represents her own work, except where credit has been given to the work of others. She furthermore confirms that no part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or qualification except as specified on the title page. __________________________________ Katherine Liong i Acknowledgements A PhD thesis inevitably takes on a life of its own, and accrues many debts along the way. I am pleased to express here my profound gratitude for the support, encouragement, and enlightenment that I have received from individuals and institutions while I completed this project. Thanks are first of all due to my supervisors, Dr Dominic Berry and Prof. Andrew Erskine, for their attention to detail, patience, and flexibility in managing our respective leaves of absence. Dr Berry first drew my attention to the potential of this topic when I was beginning my MA with him at the University of Leeds, and I have benefitted greatly from his enthusiasm and expertise about Cicero in the intervening years. I am also grateful to Drs Gavin Kelly and Ulrike Roth for their feedback and perspective at my annual reviews and in other conversations. Friends and family on both sides of the Atlantic were a constant source of motivation and reassurance; of these, my partner Duncan has my particular thanks (and admiration) for sharing this journey with me. Last but not least, I should like to thank the funding bodies whose support made this project possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero a Study of Gamesmanship in the Late
    CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMANSHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of History California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History by Eugene H. Boyd FALL 2018 © 2018 Eugene H. Boyd ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMAN SHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC A Thesis by Eugene H. Boyd Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Nikolaos Lazaridis, PhD. __________________________________, Second Reader Jeffrey Brodd, PhD. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Eugene H. Boyd I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Jeffrey Wilson, PhD Date Department of History iv Abstract of CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMANSHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC by Eugene H. Boyd Roman politics during the final decades of the Late Republic was a vicious process of gamesmanship wherein lives of people, their families and friends were at the mercy of the gamesmen. Cicero’s public and political gamesmanship reflects the politics, class and ethnic biases of Roman society and how random events impacted personal insecurities. ______________________ _, Committee Chair Nikolaos Lazaridis, PhD. ____________________________ Date v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The process of obtaining a Master’s degree, I have found, is not an independent, isolated experience. Citing a contemporary adage, “It takes a village.” Truer words have never by spoken. To that end, I would like to recognize in the most warmly and thankful manner, the people in my “village” who helped me through the graduate study program and eventual master’s degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Pompey and Cicero: an Alliance of Convenience
    POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University-San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of ARTS by Charles E. Williams Jr., B.A. San Marcos, Texas May 2013 POMPEY AND CICERO: AN ALLIANCE OF CONVENIENCE Committee Members Approved: ______________________________ Pierre Cagniart, Chair ______________________________ Kenneth Margerison ______________________________ Elizabeth Makowski Approved: ______________________________ J. Michael Willoughby Dean of the Graduate College COPYRIGHT by Charles E. Williams Jr. 2013 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94- 553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Charles E. Williams Jr., authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Above all I would like to thank my parents, Chuck and Kay Williams, for their continuing support, assistance, and encouragement. Their desire to see me succeed in my academic career is perhaps equal to my own. Thanks go as well to Dr Pierre Cagnart, without whom this work would not have been possible. His expertise in Roman politics and knowledge concerning the ancient sources were invaluable. I would also like to thank Dr. Kenneth Margerison and Dr. Elizabeth Makowski for critiquing this work and many other papers I have written as an undergraduate and graduate student.
    [Show full text]
  • Nota Bene-- C:\USERS\GRAF.65\DESKTOP
    CHAPTER F IVE THE L UPERCALIA F ROM A UGUSTUS TO C ONSTANTINE P ORPHYROGENITUS LUPERCALIA AFTER A UGUSTUS Like many other festivals of the city of Rome, the Lupercalia became almost invisible during the first three centuries of the Imperial epoch. Only because of their special social cachet did the Luperci and their rites not entirely become invisible during the imperial centuries. Theirs was the only priestly sodalitas that Augustus reserved for the knights, whereas all other sodalitates became the privilege of the senatorial aristocracy. To be made a lupercus turned into a highly- coveted status symbol of “near-aristocracy” that was publicly marked with the statue of the new lupercus already in Julio-Claudian times – a new habit of this age, as the Elder Pliny tells us, himself of an equestrian background 1. Inscriptions from both Rome and the provinces show how to be adlected a lupercus in Rome was viewed as an important early step of an equestrian cursus honorum ; sacris ____________________________ 1Plin. Nat. 34.18: Among the Roman innovations in the iconography of statues Lupercorum habitu tam noviciae sunt quam quae nuper prodiere paenulis indutae ; see Veyne (1960), 105. – On the transformation of the Lupercalia between Caesar and Augustus see Ferriès (2009). -2- Festivals in the Greek East lupercalibus functo , “to have performed one’s duty as a lupercus” remained a major career step through most of the imperial age 2. The last lupercus whom we meet in inscriptions is L. Crepereius Rogatus, vir clarissimus , a member of the senatorial elite of the earlier fourth century, a young man when Diocletian came to power 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry
    Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry John Dryden Project Gutenberg Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry, by Dryden #2 in our series by John Dryden Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. *It must legally be the first thing seen when opening the book.* In fact, our legal advisors said we can't even change margins. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and further information is included below. We need your donations. Title: Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry Author: John Dryden May, 2001 [Etext #2615] Project Gutenberg Discourses on Satire and Epic Poetry, by Dryden *******This file should be named dscep10.txt or dscep10.zip****** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, dscep11.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, dscep10a.txt This etext was prepared by David Price, email [email protected] from the 1888 Cassell & Company edition. Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions, all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a copyright notice is included. Therefore, we usually do NOT keep any of these books in compliance with any particular paper edition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Invisibility of Juvenal James Uden Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Th
    The Invisibility of Juvenal James Uden Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 2011 James Uden All rights reserved. ABSTRACT The Invisibility of Juvenal James Uden This dissertation offers a reading of Juvenal’s Satires. It maintains that Juvenal consciously frustrates readers’ attempts to identify his poetic voice with a single unitary character or persona. At the same time, it argues that Juvenal’s poems are influenced in both form and theme by cultural trends in the early second century. The arguments staged in these poems constitute a critique of aspects of Roman intellectual culture in the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian. Contents Preface 1. Provoking the Charge: Epic Poet and Reticent Informer in Satire One The Recitation Hall (Part One) The Paradox of Contemporary Epic The Satirist as Delator The Crisis of Criticism Satiric Voices in Tacitus’ Dialogus de Oratoribus The Recitation Hall (Part Two) 2. The Invisibility of Juvenal ‘Atopic Topology’: The Thirteenth Oration of Dio Chrysostom Juvenal’s Second Satire: Strategies for Speech and Disguise Secrecy and Violence in Satire Nine 3. Satire Four: Playing the Panegyrist The Art of Exaggeration The Emperor over Nature Natural Reversal and Fish Savagery The Perils of Panegyrical Speech i 4. Cynic Philosophy and Ethical Education in Satires Ten and Fourteen Debasing the Coinage The Laugh of Democritus and the Cynic Ideal Satire Fourteen: The Domestication of Ethical Teaching 5. Satire Twelve: Repetition and Sacrifice in Hadrianic Rome Horatian Ritual and the “New Augustus” Substitution and Sacrifice: Animals and Humans in Satire Twelve The Gods and their Captatores Reading across Books: Atheism and Superstition in Satire Thirteen Appendix: Martial 12.18 and the Dating of Juvenal’s First Book ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks must go first to Gareth Williams, friend and mentor for the past half-decade.
    [Show full text]