Exegesis Ou «Ele Está No Meio De Nós»

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Exegesis Ou «Ele Está No Meio De Nós» CINEMA E REPRESENTAÇÃO Exegesis ou «Ele está no meio de nós» «Emptiness is loneliness ntre Philip K. Dick e os mundos que criou poder- And loneliness is cleanliness se-ia dizer que parecem concretizar, mesmo que And cleanliness is godliness E no plano da ficção, a conhecida sugestão de Des- And God is empty cartes acerca do demónio maligno que se compraz em Just like me» iludir os seres que, aliás, criou com esse fito perverso. Smashing Pumpkins, «Zero», Mellon Collie and A realidade é aí ilusória; é um tapete que desliza por the Infinite Sadness debaixo dos pés para revelar que nada há sob eles (porventura nem mesmo os pés). As personagens des- RESUMO cobrem que não são seres humanos e sim andróides Apesar do seu estatuto de género (literário e cinema- [«Impostor» e «The Electric Ant»], o mundo objectivo tográfico) algo desprezado, a ficção científica – em revela-se uma encenação [Time out of Joint], um acto particular em anos mais recentes como é visível pelo volitivo [«The World she Wanted»] ou um delírio de percurso que vai de Neuromancer à trilogia cinemato- outra mente [The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch] ou gráfica The Matrix – tem servido de mediador entre os de uma mente colectiva [A Maze of Death]; o próprio campos aparentemente inconciliáveis da tecnociên- estatuto da realidade deriva muito rapidamente para cia e da religião, constituindo-se assim como compo- a possibilidade de não ser mais do que um mero nente fundamental da cibercultura. Deve contudo ave- sonho ou alucinação alheios [Eye in the Sky, Flow my riguar-se o quanto essas ligações recuam a um período Tears, the Policeman Said]. Por vezes – pensamos essen- bastante anterior. É esse o objectivo deste artigo; em- cialmente na sua produção da década de 50 e início da de bora restringindo a sua análise a apenas um autor, 60, apesar das muitas excepções – o desenlace é um regres- Philip K. Dick, a sua relevância provém do duplo so a terreno firme; em casos mais tardios e mais problemá- facto de ser um nome incontornável do género e de se ticos esta solução é deliberadamente evitada. servir – particularmente nas suas últimas obras – de Dostoievsky anunciava, em Crime e Castigo, que «Se noções próximas da teoria da informação. Deus morreu, então tudo é possível»; em Dick, apa- rentemente, «Se tudo é possível, então Deus mor- PALAVRAS-CHAVE reu» (e flutua agora no espaço)1 . Só aparentemente, • matrix contudo. Philip K. Dick era um crente, ainda que • teoria da informação bastante idiossincrático, e embora nunca tenha dei- • religião xado de questionar essas mesmas crenças por via da ficção, a presença de alguma forma de religiosidade ABSTRACT assombrou desde o início a sua obra, acabando gra- In spite of its gender statute (literary and cinematograph- dualmente por se tornar a temática dominante. Já ic), something despised, the science fiction - particularly in em The Cosmic Puppets, a primeira novela aceite para more recent years as it is visible for the course that is going publicação2 e a única claramente enquadrável no from Neuromancer to the cinematographic trilogy The género fantasy, um vilarejo esquecido é o palco da Matrix - it has been serving as mediator among the fields milenar e insolúvel luta entre Ormazd (Ahura Maz- aparently incompatible of the techno-science and of the da) e Ahriman, as divindades do mazdeísmo zoro- religion, being constituted as well as fundamental compo- astriano. Ainda nos anos 50, Solar Lottery aborda nent of the cyberculture. However, it means to retreat to a uma forma de messianismo à la space opera e The quite previous period. That is the aim of this article; al- World Jones Made refere a ascensão de uma seita cujo though just restricting the analysis of one single author, líder prevê o futuro próximo, mas a temática tem de Philip K. Dick, its relevance comes from the double fact modo geral um valor secundário para a evolução da of being a name of the gender and of serving -particularly narrativa. Na década seguinte, altura em que, incen- in his last works - of close notions of the theory of the tivado pela sua terceira mulher, começa a frequen- information. tar mais assiduamente a Igreja Episcopaliana3 , o tratamento ficcional da religião ganha em importân- KEY WORDS cia – ao que os nem sempre confiáveis relatos de • matrix Dick indiciam, por via de uma visão do Mal absolu- • information theory to sob a forma de um rosto no céu, um rosto coberto 4 • religion por um elmo metálico que viria a tornar-se o Pal- mer Eldritch de The Three Stigmata…. Outros contos e novelas, como «The Little Black Box», The Untele- ported Man, Counter-Clock World, «Faith of our Fa- Jorge Martins Rosa thers», Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? e, acima Universidade Nova de Lisboa de tudo, Ubik e A Maze of Death confirmam a ascensão Revista FAMECOS • Porto Alegre • nº 34 • dezembro de 2007 • quadrimestral 7 Jorge Martins Rosa • 7–13 desta temática5 . É contudo ainda difícil descortinar 3000 páginas que Dick redigiu durante os anos sub- uma unidade, por mais que a sua sempiterna obsessão sequentes, nunca conseguindo dá-lo como encerra- com a questão «O que é a realidade?» ajude a perceber a do – apesar de o tentar por diversas vezes – e que aparente oscilação no tratamento do tema. intitulou Exegesis. A totalidade do manuscrito en- A década de 70, quer nos coloquemos do ponto de contra-se compreensivelmente inédita, mas, além dos vista da vida ou do da obra, permite – assim acredi- excertos que o autor apensou a VALIS, existe um tamos – responder a esse anseio por coerência que é conjunto de passagens disponíveis numa colectânea tão típico da crítica literária (mesmo quando se trata de ensaios1 , e a amostra é suficientemente represen- de um género como a ficção científica). Logo em tativa para que se possa tomar a parte pelo todo. 1970, Flow my Tears, the Policeman Said inclui passa- Numa perspectiva estritamente cronológica, o pri- gens que o próprio Philip K. Dick viria a descobrir meiro texto de ficção redigido depois de 2-3-74 a serem inquietantemente semelhantes aos Actos dos remeter para esses mesmos eventos é um conto, iné- Apóstolos6 , mas só depois dos «eventos» de 1974 a dito em vida, intitulado «The Eye of the Sybil»1 , temática da religião se tornaria omnipresente. A im- que, talvez pela sua brevidade, dá o tom a tudo o portância destes acontecimentos é aliás tão determi- que se seguiria. A história oscila entre dois tempos, nante que obriga a que deles se faça uma breve a época romana (aparentemente depois do assassí- descrição. Entre Fevereiro e Março de 1974, Dick nio de Júlio César, e seguramente antes da era cris- (que havia feito poucos anos antes uma cura de tã), e os «idos de Março» de 1974. No primeiro, o desintoxicação) é acometido por um conjunto de sacerdote Philos Diktos relata o seu encontro com a alucinações, entre as quais se incluía a visão de um Sibila, que lhe anunciara dois mil anos de cativeiro e feixe de luz rosa, de um peixe (símbolo dos cristãos repressão; no segundo, um escritor de ficção cientí- primitivos), de uma sequência de quadros abstrac- fica começa por recordar um episódio de infância tos, a audição de palavras numa língua desconheci- onde sonhara com palavras em latim, algumas im- da, que Dick declararia mais tarde tratar-se do gre- próprias para uma criança, para depois, já adulto, go koiné do início da era cristã, e a mensagem de que referir um momento de alucinação desencadeado ao o seu filho mais novo, Christopher, sofreria de uma olhar para uma gravura de um sacerdote romano. hérnia inguinal (o que viria a confirmar-se). Com a alucinação, os tempos mesclam-se e, por um Não podemos, obviamente, tomar tudo o que K. processo de anamnese, o mesmo ocorre com as duas Dick descreveu como correspondendo à pura ver- personagens. O cativeiro afinal continua, como a dade. Ele foi, aliás, o primeiro a duvidar do que Sibila predissera, mas para Philos Ditkos-Phil Dick2 ocorreu, tentando explicá-lo, da forma mais racional o tempo de libertação aproxima-se. O cativeiro, es- e prosaica, como resultado de uma overdose de uma pécie de caverna platónica que encobre a realidade autoprescrição de vitaminas (sem esquecer que nem com percepções ilusórias3 , mas a que não falta uma dois anos tinham passado da cura de desintoxica- interpretação política, é aí nomeado, como continu- ção, depois de perto de uma década de abuso de aria a sê-lo daí em diante, como «Black Iron Prison», anfetaminas, e que no início de Fevereiro de 1974 tal como no poema de Virgílio com que termina o lhe havia sido extraído um dente do siso, estando conto. A esta prisão suceder-se-á a «Springtime», ainda em tratamento). Nada há de mais pessoal e uma Primavera que é acima de tudo um acordar dos intransmissível do que a experiência, e desta seria sentidos.Não surgem ainda no conto outras ima- escusado falar caso se tivesse mantido privada. Em gens que complementam o raciocínio. A «Springti- vez disso, Philip K. Dick tornou-a indissociável da- me», tratando-se de um processo de anamnese, re- quilo que viria a escrever até à sua morte em 1982. mete necessariamente para um tempo anterior, uma Mais ainda, o modo como o fez permite trazer algu- espécie de golden age que precede uma Queda pela ma luz até mesmo à obra anterior, permeando-a de qual não fomos responsáveis. A essa realidade edé- uma unidade até aí dificilmente detectável7 , em boa nica (no passado) e libertadora (no futuro) chamará parte pelo ecletismo das perspectivas assumidas e «Palm Tree Garden».
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