DOCSLIB.ORG

The Emotional Juror

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Emotional Juror Fordham Law Review Volume 76 Issue 3 Article 12 2007 The Emotional Juror. Todd E. Pettys Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Todd E. Pettys, The Emotional Juror., 76 Fordham L. Rev. 1609 (2007). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol76/iss3/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emotional Juror. Cover Page Footnote Professor of Law and Bouma Fellow in Trial Law, University of Iowa College of Law. This article is available in Fordham Law Review: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol76/iss3/12 THE EMOTIONAL JUROR Todd E. Pettys* [Tihings do not seem the same to those who are friendly and those who are hostile, nor ... to the angry and the calm ... INTRODUCTION More than two thousand years ago, Aristotle observed that the most persuasive arguments are often those that appeal, at least in part, to the audience's emotions.2 In the eyes of Aristotle, his teacher Plato, and countless numbers of their successors, however, emotions' persuasive power was hardly cause for celebration.3 The Western philosophical tradition long insisted that emotions and reason were antithetical to one another: the more one could free oneself from emotional influences, the more rational one would be.4 In other words, although an advocate might take advantage of other people's susceptibility to emotional appeals, those wishing to make the most reasonable decisions were strongly advised to try to push their emotions far to the side. The belief that emotions undercut rational decision making is widely shared today,5 particularly within the American legal community. 6 Rule * Professor of Law and Bouma Fellow in Trial Law, University of Iowa College of Law. 1. Aristotle, On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse 112 (George A. Kennedy trans., Oxford Univ. Press 2d ed. 2007). 2. See, e.g., id. at 113 ("The emotions . are those things through which, by undergoing change, people come to differ in their judgments .... ); id. at 249 (advising speakers who wish to be persuasive to "lead the hearer into emotional reactions"). 3. See Michael Frost, Ethos, Pathos and Legal Audience, 99 Dick. L. Rev. 85, 90 (1994) ("Aristotle and the other [Greek and Roman] rhetoricians decry the effect emotions may have on judges, but grudgingly concede that, since they often have a profound effect, advocates must exploit them whenever possible."). 4. See W. George Turski, Toward a Rationality of Emotions: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind 2 (1994) (stating that, in Plato's view, "the emotions are what is bestial and animal-like in us, to be ruled and controlled by the rational soul"); R.T. Allen, Passivity and the Rationality of Emotion, 68 Mod. Schoolman 321, 321 (1991) (stating that European philosophers have persistently distinguished "between a lower and passive [and emotional] self which is affected, and a higher and active [and rational] self... which governs itself and the lower"); Dylan Evans, The Search Hypothesis of Emotion, 53 Brit. J. Phil. Sci. 497, 497 (2002) (stating that Plato believed that the more we could free ourselves from emotional influences, the more rational we would be); Nancy Sherman, The Role of Emotions in Aristotelian Virtue, in 9 Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy 1, 3 (John J. Cleary & William Wians eds., 1993) (stating that, in the eyes of Immanuel Kant and others, "emotions are viewed as the enemy of both reason and morality"). 5. See Turski, supra note 4, at 2 ("The extent to which so many of us find this view natural and uncontroversial only confirms the power and longevity of the Platonic paradigm in our tradition."); Nico H. Frijda et al., The Influence of Emotions on Beliefs, in Emotions 1609 1610 FORDHAM LAW REVIEW [Vol. 76 403 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, for example, authorizes a trial court to exclude relevant evidence if its "probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice," 7 and the rule's advisory committee note explains that unfairly prejudicial evidence is evidence that has "an undue tendency to suggest decision on an improper basis, commonly, though not necessarily, an emotional one." 8 Two of the country's leading evidence scholars advise their readers that "[i]ntuition and emotion in the trier of fact are matters to be controlled and minimized." 9 and Beliefs: How Feelings Influence Thoughts 1, 2 (Nico H. Frijda et al. eds., 2000) ("The notion that emotions determine beliefs was a common assumption during much of human history, and probably still is.... In most discussions of the relations between emotion and cognition, the emphasis has been on the assumption that the former distorts the latter."); Nancy Sherman, Is the Ghost of Aristotle Haunting Freud'sHouse?, in 16 Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy 63, 66 (John J. Cleary & Gary M. Gurtler eds., 2000) ("[Aristotle's] explicit claim.., is that we can change belief[s] by changing emotions. In so far as the rhetorician is in the business of influencing belief, this is important advice. Emotions and emotional mood affect judgment ...");D. Don Welch, Ruling with the Heart: Emotion-BasedPublic Policy, 6 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. 55, 60 (1997) ("Affective argumentation may be effective, but for many commentators that is an unfortunate feature of our public discourse that should be resisted."). 6. See, e.g., Peter B. Bayer, Not Interaction but Melding-The "Russian Dressing" Theory of Emotions: An Explanation of the Phenomenology of Emotions and Rationality with Suggested Related Maxims for Judges and Other Legal Decision Makers, 52 Mercer L. Rev. 1033, 1038 (2001) ("[W]hile not without the occasional notable exception, judicial opinions habitually profess a Platonic-Kantian credo that emotions have no legitimate place in legal decision making."); Yoav Hammer, Expressions Which Preclude Rational Processing: The Case for Regulating Non-informational Advertisements, 27 Whittier L. Rev. 435, 459-60 (2005) (stating that advertisements can preclude rational processing when they "generate emotions"); Graham C. Lilly, The Decline of the American Jury, 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 53, 57 (2001) ("Too often, to capture the jury's emotion is to win the case."); Eric A. Posner & Cass R. Sunstein, Dollars and Death, 72 U. Chi. L. Rev. 537, 593 (2005) (listing "react[ing] emotionally to the case" as one of the ways in which juries may go astray when awarding tort damages). Of course, the condemnation of emotions is not universal within the legal world. See, e.g., Peter W. Murphy, "There's No Business Like... ?": Some Thoughts on Acting in the Courtroom, 44 S. Tex. L. Rev. 111, 123 (2002) (arguing that appealing to jurors' emotions "in some manner" is an ethically appropriate and practically required component of trial practice). 7. Fed. R. Evid. 403. 8. Fed. R. Evid. 403 advisory committee's note; see also Carter v. Hewitt, 617 F.2d 961, 972 (3d Cir. 1980) (explaining that evidence is "unfairly prejudicial if it appeals to the jury's sympathies, arouses its sense of horror, provokes its instinct to punish, or otherwise may cause a jury to base its decision on something other than the established propositions in the case" (internal quotation marks omitted)); Paul C. Giannelli, Understanding Evidence 120 (2d ed. 2006) ("Rule 403 comes into play only if the evidence is prejudicial in the sense that the jury cannot rationally evaluate it."); Paul R. Rice, Best-Kept Secrets of Evidence Law: 101 Principles, Practices, and Pitfalls 24 (2001) ("The only prejudice that will warrant the exclusion of probative evidence is prejudice that unfairly biases the jury against the opposing side, by appealing to their emotions rather than their minds ....); Andrew E. Taslitz, Abuse Excuses and the Logic and Politics of Expert Relevance, 49 Hastings L.J. 1039, 1046 (1998) (stating that most discussions of rational uses of evidence "are either devoid of discussions of emotion, or emotion is viewed as something to fear, a source of juror 'prejudice'). 9. Christopher B. Mueller & Laird C. Kirkpatrick, Evidence Under the Rules: Text, Cases, and Problems 61 (4th ed. 2000). 2007] THE EMOTIONAL JUROR 1611 Some authors similarly insist that closing arguments aimed at stirring the jury's emotions are "out of bounds."10 A leading specialist in criminal procedure argues that prosecutors should "forego not only appeals to prejudice, but any deliberate appeal to emotion,"' I while the American Bar Association declares that "[t]he prosecutor should not use arguments calculated to inflame the passions . of the jury." 12 The premises underlying such pronouncements are articulated in a passage arguing for the exclusion of all emotional appeals in debates about public policy: Appeals to emotion are fallacious because emotions are irrelevant as a basis for deciding an issue. While emotions have psychological relevance in that they have a persuasive impact on the human mind, they have no logical relevance because they are incapable of establishing the truth of conclusions. Proving truth requires the mustering of convincing evidence and not simply the exploitation of emotional sensitivities. Emotions may move us to act, but reason should control the course of that action. 13 If emotional appeals are normatively problematic but nevertheless hold great persuasive potential, then trial attorneys face an ethical problem: when selecting the evidence and arguments that they will present to the jury in their effort to prevail on their clients' behalf, to what extent, if any, are they obliged to try to minimize the emotional impact? Of course, even if attorneys were determined to minimize the emotionalism of their presentations, they could not exclude emotions from the courtroom entirely.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Evidence of Stress-Induced Acute Heart Injury in a Mouse Model Simulating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
    Molecular evidence of stress-induced acute heart injury in a mouse model simulating posttraumatic stress disorder Ji-Hoon Choa,1, Inyoul Leea,1, Rasha Hammamiehb,1, Kai Wanga,1, David Baxtera, Kelsey Scherlera, Alton Etheridgea, Alena Kulchenkoa, Aarti Gautamb, Seid Muhieb, Nabarun Chakrabortyb, David J. Galasc, Marti Jettb, and Leroy Hooda,2 aInstitute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109; bIntegrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD 21702; and cPacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122 Contributed by Leroy Hood, January 7, 2014 (sent for review December 2, 2013) Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common condition induced and subsequently, relate these disease-perturbed dynamical net- by life-threatening stress, such as that experienced by soldiers under works to the pathophysiology of the disease (10, 11). This ap- battlefield conditions. Other than the commonly recognized behav- proach may lead to more informative diagnostic markers for ioral and psychological dysfunction, epidemiological studies have identifying the disease early, provide information as to which also revealed that PTSD patients have a higher risk of other diseases, organs are disease-involved, and provide insights into therapeutic such as cardiovascular disorders. Using a PTSD mouse model, we approaches for reversing the progression of the disease. investigated the longitudinal transcriptomic changes in heart tissues Individuals with PTSD also have a higher risk of cardiovas- after the exposure to stress through intimidation. Our results revealed cular conditions, with an increased basal heart rate and blood acute heart injury associated with the traumatic experience, reflecting pressure, higher risk for hypertension and stroke, altered platelet the underlying biological injury processes of the immune response, activity, and elevated blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell tran- (12–15).
    [Show full text]
  • The Sociology of Gaslighting
    ASRXXX10.1177/0003122419874843American Sociological ReviewSweet 874843research-article2019 American Sociological Review 2019, Vol. 84(5) 851 –875 The Sociology of Gaslighting © American Sociological Association 2019 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419874843DOI: 10.1177/0003122419874843 journals.sagepub.com/home/asr Paige L. Sweeta Abstract Gaslighting—a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel “crazy,” creating a “surreal” interpersonal environment—has captured public attention. Despite the popularity of the term, sociologists have ignored gaslighting, leaving it to be theorized by psychologists. However, this article argues that gaslighting is primarily a sociological rather than a psychological phenomenon. Gaslighting should be understood as rooted in social inequalities, including gender, and executed in power-laden intimate relationships. The theory developed here argues that gaslighting is consequential when perpetrators mobilize gender- based stereotypes and structural and institutional inequalities against victims to manipulate their realities. Using domestic violence as a strategic case study to identify the mechanisms via which gaslighting operates, I reveal how abusers mobilize gendered stereotypes; structural vulnerabilities related to race, nationality, and sexuality; and institutional inequalities against victims to erode their realities. These tactics are gendered in that they rely on the association of femininity with irrationality. Gaslighting offers an opportunity for sociologists to theorize under-recognized,
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Culture and Identity on Emotional Reactions to Insults
    JCCXXX10.1177/0022022117701194Journal of Cross-Cultural PsychologyMaitner et al. 701194research-article2017 Article Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2017, Vol. 48(6) 892 –913 The Impact of Culture and Identity © The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: on Emotional Reactions to Insults sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117701194DOI: 10.1177/0022022117701194 journals.sagepub.com/home/jcc Angela T. Maitner1, Diane M. Mackie2, Janet V. T. Pauketat2, and Eliot R. Smith3 Abstract People from honor cultures show heightened emotional responses to insults to their social image. The current research investigates whether people from honor cultures also show heightened protection of social identities. We find that honor concerns may be embedded in some social identities but not others, and that those identities associated with honor concerns are defended more than identities not associated with honor. Three experiments investigated participants’ emotional responses to insults to their ethnic or student identity. Results showed that compared with dignity culture (British) participants, participants from an honor culture (Arab) reported stronger anger responses both across and within cultures when their Arab identity, an identity explicitly linked to honor concerns, was insulted. In contrast, responses did not differ between dignity (American) and honor (Arab) cultures when participants received an insult to their student identity, a non-honor-oriented identity. These findings suggest that overarching cultural values are not applied to all identities, and therefore, that cultural variables influence psychological outcomes differently for different identities. Keywords culture, social identity, honor, emotion, insult In September 2012, anti-American sentiment flared in response to an amateur video posted on YouTube that depicted the Prophet Muhammad.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders
    Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Colin R. Martin • Victor R. Preedy Vinood B. Patel Editors Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders With 100 Figures and 299 Tables Editors Colin R. Martin Victor R. Preedy Faculty of Society and Health Faculty of Life Science and Medicine Buckinghamshire New University Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Uxbridge Research Division Middlesex, UK King’s College London London, UK Vinood B. Patel Department of Biomedical Science School of Life Sciences University of Westminster London, UK ISBN 978-3-319-08358-2 ISBN 978-3-319-08359-9 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-319-08360-5 (print and electronic bundle) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016930514 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Synchronous Caregiving from Birth to Adulthood Tunes Humans' Social Brain
    Synchronous caregiving from birth to adulthood tunes humans’ social brain Adi Ulmer Yaniva,b,1, Roy Salomonb,1, Shani Waidergorena, Ortal Shimon-Raza,c, Amir Djalovskia,c, and Ruth Feldmana,d,2 aCenter for Developmental Social Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya 4610101, Israel; bGonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; cDeparment of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; and dChild Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06159 Edited by Tallie Z. Baram, University of California, Irvine, CA, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Renée Baillargeon February 22, 2021 (receivedfor review June 23, 2020) Mammalian young are born with immature brain and rely on the communicative signals during social interactions in ways that en- mother’s body and caregiving behavior for maturation of neuro- hance positivity, reciprocity, and mutual engagement (6, 7), and we biological systems that sustain adult sociality. While research in tested its longitudinal impact on the brain basis of empathy, a core animal models indicated the long-term effects of maternal contact feature of the social brain. and caregiving on the adult brain, little is known about the effects The human social brain integrates activity of subcortical, of maternal–newborn contact and parenting behavior on social paralimbic, and cortical structures to sustain human social life, brain functioning in human adults. We followed human neonates, which requires rapid processing of social inputs, top–down reg- including premature infants who initially lacked or received ulation of intention and affect, and coordination of the two into maternal–newborn skin-to-skin contact and full-term controls, the present moment (8).
    [Show full text]
  • Full Abstract Book of the Conference
    FULL ABSTRACT BOOK 9th MIDTERM CONFERENCE ON EMOTIONS RN 11 “Sociology of Emotions” of the European Sociological Association (ESA) 25th–27th November 2020, online Website of the Conference: https://www.ub.edu/emotions20/ * Please, notice all times are CET. KEYNOTE LECTURES Friday, November 27th, 19-20 pm: Arlie Russell Hochschild University of California Berkeley Battle of Deep Stories and the American Election In any political struggle, one theatre of struggle is that of a legitimating “righteous story.” Focusing on the American Republican right, in this talk, Hochschild will discuss three things, a) the basic right wing deep story of blacks, women, public officials “cutting ahead” in line ahead of rule-abiding, hard-working but stuck line-waiters. She also analyzes the additional “chapters” to this story drawn from current events (eg our chosen leader will liberate us, he is under assault, etc), b) the powerful appeal of the presidential story-teller and c) the steps taken in the presidential reach for power – (incrementalism, adding a lightness to serious norms regarding violence, focus on personal loyalty, etc). She will conclude with ideas for best next steps. Thursday, November 26th, 16.30-18 pm: Amparo Lasén Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Digital Mediations and Inscriptions of Ordinary Affects: Shame and Shaming Our ordinary lives, bodies, memories, relationships, fantasies, desires, affects and fears flow and inhabit different spaces, media and digital platforms, giving rise to narratives, self-(re)presentations and interactions shaped by a networked shared agency of heterogeneous participants. A networked collective of people, devices, corporations, and institutions take part in the production and archiving of digital inscriptions, which materialise our emotions and contribute to the configuration and inscription of our bodies, habits, and abilities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right to Insult in International Law
    THE RIGHT TO INSULT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Amal Clooney and Philippa Webb* ABSTRACT States all over the world are enacting new laws that criminalize insults, and using existing insult laws with renewed vigour. In this article, we examine state practice, treaty provisions, and case law on insulting speech. We conclude that insulting speech is currently insufficiently protected under international law and regulatedby confused case law and commentary. We explain that the three principal internationaltreaties that regulate speech provide conflicting guidance on the right to insult in internationallaw, and the treaty provisions have been interpreted in inconsistent ways by international courts and United Nations bodies. We conclude by recommending that internationallaw should recognize a "rightto insult"and, drawingon US practice under the FirstAmendment, we propose eight recommendations to guide consideration of insulting speech in internationallaw. These recommendations would promote coherence in international legal standards and offer greater protection to freedom of speech. * Amal Clooney is a barrister at Doughty Street Chambers and a Visiting Professor at Columbia Law School. Philippa Webb is a barrister at 20 Essex Street Chambers and Reader (Associate Professor) in Public International Law at King's College London. We thank Matthew Nelson, Anna Bonini, Katarzyna Lasinska, Raphaelle Rafin, Tiffany Chan, Deborah Tang, Ollie Persey, and Mirka Fries for excellent research assistance. We are grateful to Professor Guglielmo Verdirame, Professor Michael Posner, Professor Vince Blasi, and Nani Jansen for comments. COL UMBIA HUMAN RIGHTS LAW RE VIE W [48.2 INTRODUCTION Freedom of speech is under attack. States all over the world are enacting new laws that criminalize insults and are using existing insult laws with renewed vigour.
    [Show full text]
  • Empathy: Its Ultimate and Proximate Bases Stephanie D
    Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases Stephanie D. Preston & Frans B. M. de Waal citation: Preston, Stephanie D. and de Waal, Frans B. M. (2001) Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Stephanie D. Preston Department of Psychology 3210 Tolman Hall #1650 University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1650 USA [email protected] http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~spreston Frans B. M. de Waal Living Links, Yerkes Primate Center and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA [email protected] http://www.emory.edu/LIVING_LINKS/ Short abstract: Our proximate and ultimate model of empathy integrates diverse theories, reconciles conflicting definitions, and generates specific predictions. Focusing on the evolution of perception-action processes connects empathy with more basic phenomena such as imitation, group alarm, social facilitation, vicariousness of emotions, and mother-infant responsiveness. The latter, shared across species that live in groups, have profound effects on reproductive success. Perception-action processes are accordingly the driving force in the evolution of empathy. With the more recent evolutionary expansion of prefrontal functioning, these basic processes have been augmented to support more cognitive forms of empathy. Long abstract: There is disagreement in the literature about the exact nature of the phenomenon of empathy. There are emotional, cognitive, and conditioning views, applying in varying degrees across species. An adequate description of the ultimate and proximate mechanism can integrate these views. Proximately, the perception of an object's state activates the subject's corresponding representations, which in turn activate somatic and autonomic responses. This mechanism supports basic behaviors (e.g., alarm, social facilitation, vicariousness of emotions, mother-infant responsiveness, and the modeling of competitors and predators) that are crucial for the reproductive success of animals living in groups.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Insult' 'Humiliate' and 'Intimidate'?
    What does it mean to ‘offend’, ‘insult’ ‘humiliate’ and ‘intimidate’? Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act (Cth) and the problem of harm A/Professor Sarah Sorial Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts University of Wollongong [email protected] 1. Introduction • Section 18 C of the Commonwealth Racial Discrimination Act (Cth) makes it unlawful to “offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate” another person or a group of people because of their race. • The inclusion of these words in the offence, it is argued, is not only too broad and too vague, but also unduly restricts freedom of speech. 1. Introduction • My claim is that critics of section 18C have failed to adequately define and interpret these terms within the appropriate context and so have distorted what is at stake in the debate; namely, that the offending or insulting speech is not only also racist speech, but is also speech that does certain things when uttered in certain contexts. 1. Introduction • In this paper, I take up this definitional challenge with reference to Joel Feinberg’s discussion of harm and its relation to hurt and offense. • While the terms offend, insult, humiliate and intimidate mean different things and do not necessarily cause harm, words are, as philosophers of language have demonstrated, very complicated things. 1. Introduction • I argue that because there are compelling reasons for restricting speech that causes harm more generally, and because racist speech that offends, insults, humiliates and intimidates, can also cause harm (as I will demonstrate), there is nothing unduly restrictive about s18C in its current form.
    [Show full text]
  • Envy and Jealousy: a Study of Separation of Powers and Judicial Review Laura E
    Hastings Law Journal Volume 52 | Issue 1 Article 2 11-2000 Envy and Jealousy: A Study of Separation of Powers and Judicial Review Laura E. Little Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Laura E. Little, Envy and Jealousy: A Study of Separation of Powers and Judicial Review, 52 Hastings L.J. 47 (2000). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol52/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Envy and Jealousy: A Study of Separation of Powers and Judicial Review by LAURA E. LITTLE* Analysts herald our governmental structure for its practical design, its mindfulness of human weakness. Scholars praise the Framers of our Constitution for their knowledge of history's examples of past foibles in governmental schemes. Although lawmakers have sometimes overlooked the effect of human emotions in constitutional processes,' the Framers anticipated that emotions such as ambition and rivalry are natural products of government. Most famous is James Madison's admonition that under our institutional structures, "[a]mbition must be made to counteract ambition."' 2 Using principles of separation of powers, the Founders tried to design our institutions to harness such base human tendencies rather than allow them to 3 undermine government's operation. * Professor of Law, Temple University, Beasley School of Law. Copyright 2000 held by Laura E.
    [Show full text]
  • Staging Poetic Justice
    臺大文史哲學報 第六十五期 2006年11月 頁223~250 臺灣大學文學院 Staging Poetic Justice: Public Spectacle of Private Grief in the Musical Parade Wang, Pao-hsiang∗ Abstract This paper makes inquiries into the 1998 musical Parade by playwright Alfred Uhry and composer Jason Robert Brown, based on the historic case of Leo Frank, a Jewish industrialist from New York running a pencil factory in Atlanta and accused of murdering the 13-year-old girl Mary Phagan in 1913. How can the thorny case be represented with any fidelity on stage when all the facts have not come to light? What can a theatre researcher contribute to or comment on a controversial production of a reproduction of a historical incident that has never ceased to produce great furors over the past 90 years? In the absence of irrefutable legal evidence that could close the case and in the face of contending camps that claim justice on each side, the author will stay above the litigation fray and distance himself from any attempt to pass judgment on the innocence or guilt of people involved in the historic case. Rather, the paper first probes the context surrounding the case, including war, class, race, and to a lesser extent, sexuality by examining it from the perspective of historical legacy, such as the post-bellum South reeling from the repercussions of the Civil War defeat, the regional animosity between the highly industrialized North and New Industrial South, the class antagonism of management and labor in the pencil factory, the ethnic strife between blacks, whites, and Jews, and the conventional bias against the perceived sexual perversion of Jews and blacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Emotions As Objects of Argumentative Constructions
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Argumentation (2010) 24:1–17 DOI 10.1007/s10503-008-9120-0 Emotions as Objects of Argumentative Constructions Raphae¨l Micheli Published online: 18 October 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract This paper takes part in the ongoing debate on how emotions can be dealt with by argumentation theory. Its main goal is to formulate a relationship between emotion and argumentation which differs from that usually found in most of the literature on the subject. In the ‘‘standard’’ conception, emotions are seen as the objects of appeals which function as adjuvants to argumentation: speakers appeal to pity, fear, shame and the like in order to enhance the cogency of an argument which bears on something else—whether it be the validity of a disputable opinion or the opportunity of a course of action. According to the ‘‘alternative’’ conception which I propose to consider, emotions themselves may be viewed, in some cases, as the very objects of argumentation. This conception lays emphasis on the arguability of emotions. Drawing on insights from current psychological and philosophical theories, it involves a reassessment of the Aristotelian concept of pathos, as well as an in-depth critical discussion of normative and descriptive approaches to emotional appeals. Keywords Argumentation Á Cognition Á Emotion Á Pathos Á Rationality While it has long been adequate to label emotion as the ‘‘poor relation’’ of argumentation studies, an overall view of the current state of the field suggests that the situation is undergoing rapid change.
    [Show full text]