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■ - ■ - ■ ~ ■■ - Yale-Wesleyan - ■ ~ ■ I ~ I SOUTHERN AFRICAN RESEARCH PROGRAM I - •• ~ ~ Newsletter #12 I ~ I

I

June 1987 I I I

I CONTENTS I I page

I Directors' Report 2 I Directors of the Program 4 Visiting Fellows 6 I Associate Fellows 10 Research Seminar 11 I Lunches 14 I Workshops 15 The Library 17 I I I * * * I I I I I I SOUTHERN AFRICAN RESEARCH PROGRAM I

I Acting Director~ Diana Vylie, History, Yale University Associate Directors: Jeffrey Butler , History, Wesleyan University I Leonard Doob, Psychology, Yale University I William Foltz, Political Science, Yale University Stanley Greenberg, Political Science, I Yale University Leonard Thompson, History, Yale University I Librarian: Moore Crossey I Administrative Assistant: Pamela Baldwin I Program Address: 89 Trumbull Street, Room 204 Box 14A Yale Station I New Haven, Connecticut 06520 I USA Telephone: 203-432-3271 I I * * * I I I DIRECTORS' REPORT

This newsletter marks the close of the Southern African Research Program's fine first decade and the beginning of its second. Since our inauguration in 1977, our customary activities have been weekly seminars, bi-weekly luncheons and bi-annual workshops. In 1986-87, these activities and the presence of five research fellows were funded by the Ford Foundation the Carnegie Corporation and Yale University. We are deeply grateful for their support .

We were fortunate to have five southern Africanist scholars in resi­ dence per term during the past academic year. Victor Machingaidze brought bis historical expertise from the University of Zimbabwe. Mbulelo Mzamane, author of short stories, novels, literary criticism and editor of poetry anthologies, has come to us from South Africa via Nigeria where he currently teaches in the English Department at Ahmadu Bello University. Halton Cheadle, a labor lawyer, came from the Centre for Applied Legal Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand and from a legal practice representing, among others, the National Union of Mine~orkers. Jacob Mohlamme spent the academic year with us on leave from Vista University, Soweto, where he teaches in the History Department. Merle Lipton, an economic historian, visited us for the fall term from the University of Sussex where she has been a visiting research fellow. Johann Groenewald, a sociologist from the University of Stellenbosch, arrived in January for the calendar year.

In addition, we were pleased to welcome two Chinese researchers in southern African affairs. Ding Shunzhen, Deputy Head of Group for African Studies, Division of West Asia and Africa, Institute of Contemporary Inter­ national Relations, spent the year at SARP as an associate fellow. She was joined for two months in the spring by Professor Pan Wei-Kang, who does research on South African politics, from the same Institute. Gerald Thomas, a Yale Ph.D. in History who was a Rear Admiral (Retired) in the US Navy and until December US Ambassador to Kenya, also graced our seminar as an associate fellow this year. Jeannette Groenewald from the Faculty of Educa­ tion at the University of the Western Cape was our third associate fellow.

Occasional visitors to the seminars and lunches included: Siba Grovo­ qui, a lawyer from Guinea doing graduate work at the University of Wiscon­ sin, Madison; Johan Kinghorn, Department of Biblical Studies, University of Stellenbosch; Fred Morton, History Department, University of Botswana;

-2- Nthoana Mzamane, an animal husbandry expert from Ahmadu Bello University, originally from Lesotho; Benjamin Beit-Hallachmi, Department of Psychology, Haifa University; and Robin Winks and Gaddis Smith, both from Yale's History Department. In the fall we sponsored a public lecture by Albie Sachs entitled ''Post Revolutionary Southern Africa." He is a legal adviser to the government of Mozambique and is currently working with the African National Congress on a constitution for a post-revolutionary South Africa. The weekly seminar was impressively strong throughout the year. Diana Wylie organized it in the fall and Leonard Thompson organized it in the spring. Attendance averaged 25 people. See pages 11-13 below. In addition to their work within SARP, the Fellows generously gave talks on their areas of professional expertise to groups wishing to learn more about southern Africa, at Yale, in the New Haven area and farther afield. For the 1987-88 academic year, we will be pleased to welcome the following new Fellows: Alan Mahin, Department of Town and Regional Plan­ ning, University of the Witwatersrand: and Gwen Malahlehla, Sociology Department and Director, Institute of Southern African Studies, and Bethuel Setai, Department of Economics, will join us from the University of Lesotho. Johann Groenewald and Mbulelo Mzamane will stay on as Fellows until the end of the calendar year. Because the future housing of SARP, and of the Yale Center for Inter­ national and Area Studies generally, remains in question, we know only that we will be at our new home--89 Trumbull Street--for another year. To make our temporary quarters as welcoming to the new Fellows as possible, we have outfitted a coffee room on the first floor. Possessing a tea kettle, coffee maker, and art ranging from feminist to roccoco, the room should serve as a SARP social center. Come visit us there.

Diana Wylie Leonard Thompson Acting Director Senior Research Scholar

-3- ~HIN·WRtiii

DIRECTORS

JEFFREY BUTLER is currently working to complete "South African Small Town: Cradock 1926-1960." With Richard Elphick and David Welsh, he organized a conference on South African liberalism held at Rouw Hoek, near Cape Town, in July, 1986. The edited papers from that conference will be published by Wesleyan University Press in July 1987.

LEONARD DOOB continues as editor of the Journal of Social Psychology; co-editor of the Journal of Psychology and associate editor of Psychology Monographs. Be is also the editor of books on Contributions in Ethnic Studies for Greenwood Press (this includes "The South African Society: Realities and Future Prospects", HSRC, Pretoria). "Slightly Beyond Skepticism: Social Science and the Search for Morality" was published this year by Yale University Press. In slow preparation is "Inevitability: Determinism, Fatalism, and Destiny" .

WILLIAN FOLTZ has been on leave in Chad for the academic year. He is doing research on the current political situation there and will be returning to Yale in August.

STANLEY GREDBERG's new book, Legitimating the Illegitimate: State, Markets, and Resistance in South Africa, was published by University of California Press. He is presently working on a booklength essay with Hermann Giliomee, entitled The Modern Lazarus. The Death and Life of Apartheid. Greenberg testified before the Africa Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee on the "Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986."

-4- LEONARD THOMPSON is writing a general history of South Africa for the Yale University Press. He published three review articles in the New York Review of Books: "Diamonds Forever" (July 17, 1986), "What Is To Be Done?" (October 23, 1986), and "Before the Revolution" (June 11, 1987). In June 1986 he conducted a seminar at the University of Zimbabwe. In September/October he conducted a seminar at the Economic Development Institute in Tokyo and then spent three weeks in China, giving seminars and lectures at the University of Peking, the Academy of the Social Sciences, the Institute of Contemporary International Affairs, and universities in Xian and Nanjing. During the year he also accepted invitations to lecture at nine American universities and colleges and was a member of a committee that reviewed the history department at Northwestern University.

DIANA WYLIE initiated a new project while continuing to revise an old one during the past year. The latter is her Ph.D. dissertation, a study of politics and law in a colonial Tswana chiefdom. The former is an enquiry into the political economy of hunger in southern Africa; last August she spent a month in archives in Cape Town, Pretoria, Johannesburg and Gaborone coilecting material for this new project. The text of a SARP lunch talk which she gave in 1985 appeared in an Italian journal, Politica ed Economia, this past fall. In addition, she has given several talks on southern Africa to various organizations and clubs at Yale and in Connecticut generally. For the past two years, she has enjoyed serving as an external examiner in African history for the Honors program at Swarthmore College. At Yale, her responsibilities include being Director of Graduate Studies for African Studies and a member of the Yale Advisory Committee for Educational Initiatives in Southern Africa. Finally, she is pleased to report that two of the Yale seniors whose senior essays she has advised have won prizes for their essays.

-5- I

VISITING FELLOWS

HALTON CHEADLE

It is with some regret that I find myself completing this last task-­ writing a brief summary of my year at Yale . For SARP is one of those rare academic institutions that dispense not only time for research and writing, but also a stimulating and critical environment for testing one's own ideas and challenging those of others. The extensive library, the weekly seminars, the workshops, the students, the scholars, and Moore Cressey, of course, have all contributed to SARP 1 s j ust reknown.

I have used the time to pursue my own arcane concerns. I have collected legal materials on the US concept of the unfair labour practice in order to develop a similar jurisprudence in South Africa, both in legal argument before the courts and in legal articles. The full array of South African legal texts and law reports in the Law Library gave me the sought after opportunity to research and write a long overdue chapter on the "Contract of Employment" for the encyclopaediac 'Laws of South Africa. '

The influence of historians, of which SARP liberally abounds, deflected my original intention to concentrate on legal research. I was nudged into reading widely on US labour histor y, turned my very inexperienced hand to writing up a little labour history, and found myself saddled with writing a monograph on the trade union movement in South Africa in the 1980s. For many South Af r icans, the opportunity to spend a year abroad away from the intrusive reality of everyday South African life is probably one of the more rewarding consequences of the fellowship, not only for the fellows but also for the families that often accompany them. The year abroad has also meant a greater opportunity for t r avel-- and I have made full use of it. I have been fortunate enough to attend conferences in Munich, Washington, and Montreal; to visit and lecture at several universities; and to establish links with US and Canadian trade unions and their lawyers.

JOHANN GROENEWALD

In 1986 I completed research on reactions to minority group status in the Cape Peninsula. A fellowship at SARP in 1981 seemed--among other things--like an excellent opportunity for further analysis and exploration of the data, particular ly with respect to the accumulation of relative deprivation over the last decade or two. Nearing the end of my first semester at SARP, I can report on my progress with this project both with satisfaction and with some desperation.

-6- My satisfaction stems from many factors. The first is that in many respects my involvement with SARP exceeded all expectations. I found it t o be an intellectually invigorating experience, contributed to by the dedication of the directors, the diversity of interests represented by the fellows and other participants, and the commitment to critical rationality which is shown especially by the graduate students in their participation in the seminar, l unch meetings and workshops . Moore Crossey's untiring efforts to update an already excellent resource base, provide the background for a thriving academic enterprise. The intellectual climate created by this combination of factors is rare even by North American standards.

Desperation stems from the fact that participation in SARP inevitably leads to redefinition of methods and objectives, not to mention the perennial temptations to become involved in some of the many interesting digressions offered by the projects of other participants . In addition, a sociologist must confront the apparent--and admittedly not entirely unfounded--disclination shown in the communion of historians towards the conceptual and methodological gravity of much of social science. All of these factors combine to increase the projected work on one's chosen topic or topics to an extent that exceeds the available time. In my own case this implied the postponement of some of my secondary research interests in favour of a more thorough treatment of the main project.

My wife, JEANNETTE GROENEWALD, was made an associate fellow by the directors of SARP. Among other things, this gave her full access to the considerable resources of the library system. Moore Crossey's unceasing willi ngness to unr avel the mysteries of these resources went some way towards compensating for the absence of a School of Education at Yale. In short, I have benefitted a great deal from my association with SARP and I have made considerabl e pr ogress in my own work as a result of it. I look forward to the rest of the calendar year at SARP and to writing a more comprehensive report upon completion of my tenure as a fellow.

MERLE LIPTON

The three months I spent at SARP were exceptionally productive and enjoyable. Two papers were completed: The first, on "South Africa' s Role in Agricultur al Pr oduction and Marketing i n Souther n Africa", was presented at a SARP seminar, and at a conference on "The Political Economy of Food in Southern Africa" organized by the Overseas Development Council in Washing­ ton, D.C. A revised version will be published in a conference book edited by Coralie Bryant by the ODC at the end of 1987. The second paper, an assessment of the changes in South Africa, was presented at a World Bank seminar in Washington. A revised version will come out shortly as a paper in "South Africa in Crisis'', edited by Jesmond Blumefel d, and published by Chatham House in London .

The rest of my time was spent on preliminary work for a study of the interaction between international pressures and internal political developments within South Africa. The first stage, a report on "Sanctions Against South Africa", will be published by the Economist Intelligence Un i t in London later this year.

-7- I All this left too little time to take advantage of the superb library collection on Southern Africa, or the marvellous range of activities available at Yale--everything from the "polymorphous" gymnasium housed in a f cathedral (there is nothing you cannot do in it) to the excellent drama and music . The weekly SARP seminars were the best I have ever attended, usually characterised by friendly, but frank and constructive, criticism and comment. The thorough preparation by the discussants adds greatly to the high standard. Berkeley College, to which I was attached, was exceptionally friendly and hospitable to Visiting Fellows. I only regret that I was unable to attend more of their college events. One thing I missed at Yale was the opportunity to see more of other SARP Fellows and students: a common room where we could meet regularly and informally over coffee would probably facilitate this.

VICTOR KACBINGAIDZE I will always remember the 1986-87 academic year. After six years of non-stop teaching at the University of Zimbabwe, I was grateful to have a peaceful year in which to pursue my own work. Thanks to SARP, its directors, Yale University and the financial donors. I came to SARP with an ambitious program. Although I was not able to accomplish everything I set myself to do, I am pretty happy with what I was able to do. During the first semester I was able to put final touches to a hiltory textbook for 13 and 14 year olds in Zimbabwean schools and to present one paper to the SARP seminar. I presented two further papers during the second semester. Much of the time was spent revising my doctoral dissertation for a book.

I was extremely impressed by the very high level of debate at the SARP seminar. The current crop of graduate students who attend the seminar is particularly impressive. Overall for me, it was a year of thorough academic stimulation.

JACOB KOBLAMME

Participating in SARP has been a very rewarding exercise indeed. I wish to thank Professor L.M. Thompson and the other Directors for giving me the opportunity of participating in the program. I was able to work at a steady rate with almost all the required materials at my disposal. The rigorous Wednesday seminars were always stimulating and challenging. The lunchtime meetings which enabled me to exchange ideas with colleagues were very fruitful indeed. I gave several talks on South Africa to several student , civic and social groups and professional organizations in New Haven, Hartford and Storrs and these meetings were always well-attended and quite interesting.

-8- I was able to revise some of my study on the South African War and with the material collected from the libraries at Yale I hope to pursue my project with a view to completing it in about a year's time. Finally, while paying tribute to the Directors of SARP for this excellent program, I must also add here that it would be deeply appreciated if serious attention could be paid to the question of accommodation for Visiting Fellows in the future.

MBULELO KZAMANE After a series of false starts from Nigeria, I finally arrived in the United States at the end of September, 1986. In the fall semester, I managed to present a seminar paper on Black Consciousness in South Africa, the projected opening chapter of a book in preparation on Poets of the Black Consciousness Era in South Africa, 1967- 1982; a lunch seminar paper on Writers and Social Responsibility; and a SARP Workshop paper on the subject of Colonial and Imperial Themes in South African Literature, 1820-1930. In the same period, I spoke to several church and civic groups in the New Haven area as part of a campaign by the city's Free South Africa Coalition to generate funds and educational material for the Solomon Mahlangu Fr eedom College set up in Tanzania by the African National Congress, for the benefit of student exiles from South Africa. In April 1987, 15 tons of material consisting of books, recreational, sporting and other educational material was shipped to Tanzania. I also spoke to students and faculty at Yale University, the Norwalk Community College, and Trinity College in Hartford. Returning from Hartford late in November, Halton and Victor dropped me outside my house and, without so much as a backward glance in my direction, drove off. I could not admit myself to the house, so that I spent the rest of that cold night outside. Soon thereafter I came down with a complicated case of pneumonia, which kept me out of work for most of the spring semester.

I did manage, though, to go out towards the end of spring and took part in a two- day South African Poetry Festival in New York, which was also attended by other South African authors such as Dennis Brutus and Nadine Gordimer. In addition, I accepted an invitation to address a gathering at Hobart College, Geneva, New York in their Political Education Network.

SARP generously offered to extend my fellowship to the end of December 1987 to enable me to work on some of the projects I bad originally set out to do. I am as grateful for their kind offer as I am for the opportunity given to me and my family to come to Yale.

-9- ASSOCIATE F£LLOVS

DING SBUNZHEN

I appreciated Professor Leonard Thompson and the other directors making me an associate fellow of SARP for the academic year of 1986-87. Now I take great pleasure in writing a brief report on my academic activities in this fine year. First, I should say that I derived great benefit from the weekly SARP seminars and occasional lunch talks. SARP papers and vigorous discussions gave me the deep impression of a strong academic atmosphere.

Second, SARP provided me with significant opportunities to get to know many scholars from African countries and the United States, and explore the thoughts and ideas of lawyers, historians, psychologists, economists and even diplomats in the same program .

With the advice of Professor Thompson, I read two major historical books about South Africa and wrote a five-page commentary on each book. At the end of this semester I gave a presentation on the topic of African Students in China at a SARP lunch.

As part of my study/research at Yale, I took courses in both semesters and gained a lot from them. I am glad to say that my year's stay at SARP was fruitful.

GERALD THOMAS

On April 7 I conducted an informal, scheduled lecture on Kenya and southern Africa at the J.F. Kennedy School at Harvard University. I attended the two-day Visiting Committee Session at the Center for Inter­ national Affairs at Harvard on May 4 and 5. A week later I conducted a two-day meeting for students and staff at the Kennedy School to develop and coordinate procedures between them and the Harvard Institute for International Development.

Current research includes studying racial attitudes of American presidents and key governmental figures in the post World War II era and how their attitudes affected the making of foreign policy in southern Africa.

- 10- SEMINAR ON ETHNIC AND RACIAL CONFLICT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Fall 1986

Presenter Discussants

Jacob Mohlamme Relocations in South Africa: the Case Lowe of the Bakubung of Ledig, Rustenburg Machingaidze District

Sean Redding Agriculture and Migrant Labor Venable in Urntata Feinberg

Benjamin Beit­ South Africa and Israel: A Sisterhood Charney Hallachmi of Desperation Munro

Merle Lipton south Africa's Role in Agricultural Sandberg Production & Marketing in Southern Africa Rota

Diana Wylie 'Lesser Breeds without the Law': Subject Mohlamme Peoples and the Ngwato State Cheadle

Mbulelo·Mzamane Laying the Foundations: Black Conscious­ Venable ness in South Africa and its Articulation Mason by Steven Bantu Biko 1960-1976

Victor Machingaidze Contradiction Begets Contradiction: The Bessant s. Rhodesia Native Land Husbandry Act Lipton of 1951

Frank Parker Purging the South African Devil Thompson Smith

Catherine Higgs D. D.T. Jabavu, 1885-1959: A Biography Winks Harms , Wylie

William Munro Dissertation Prospectus: Zimbabwean Machingaidze Politics Bessant

-11- Howard Venable The Feasibility of the Leveraged Purchase Lipton Purchase by Trade Union-Controlled Cheadle Employee Benefit Trusts of Assets Divested in South Africa by US Multinationals

Emily Harris Missionaries and Administration in the Wylie Development of Western Schools in the Mzamane Bechuanaland Protectorate 1904-1939

Mary Rayner From Slaves to Servants: The Restructur­ Mason ing of Agrarian Social Relations in the Gao Vestern Cape, South Africa, 1826-1856

:It :It

Spring 1987

Presenter Title Discussants Victor Machingaidze Trade Imperialism: South Africa and Harms Sout hern Rhodesia, 1903-1960 Venable

Leonard Guelke The Anatomy of a Colonial Settler Mason Population: Cape Colony 1657-1750 Groenewald Jacob Mohlamme African Refugee Camps in the Boer Feinberg Republics During the South African War Berat of 1899-1902

Drew Smith Perceptions of Evil and the Legitimation Jones of Authority: Millenarianism in Zambia Lowe and Malawi

Jeff Butler South African Small Town: Cradock, 1926- Mason 1960 Cheadle

Leslie Bessant Two Introductory Chapters to Dissertation. Smith Land, Politics and Development in Colonial Wylie Zimbabwe: the Chiweshe Reserve, 1940-1967 Lynn Berat Walvis Bay, the Penguin Islands and Inter­ Venable national Law. The Colonialist Heritage Grovoqui

-12- - Halton Cheadle Recognition at the Workplace: The Greenberg Formulation of Strategy Mohlamme

Diana Wylie The Changing Face of Hunger in Southern Machingaidze African History 1880-1980 Tesh

Johann Groenewald Failed Embourgeoisement. A Study of the Doob Coloured People of the Cape 1969-1983 Charney

Leonard Thompson The Africans, chapter of A History of Harms South Africa Berat

Victor Machingaidze The State and the Making of the Tobacco Wylie Barons of Zimbabwe . Chapter 1 Mason

Craig Charney Janus in Black Face? The African Petite Cheadle Bourgeoisie in South Africa, 1945-85 Mzamane

Howard Venable Rule Centered and Processual Paradigms Jones for Analyzing Tswana Law: An Historical Mohlamme Interpretation Gerald Thomas US Foreign Policy and Boer Mythology Butler Parker

Gao Zheng China's Policy toward Southern Africa Machingaidze since 1977

-13- •

LUNCHES

Labor Law September Halton Cheadle:

Fred Morton (History Department, University of October Botswana): Historical Research at the University of Botswana

Jacob Mohlamme: on School Boycotts Mbulelo Mzamane: Writers and Social Responsibility in south Africa

The current Situation in Victor Machingaidze: November Zimbabwe Speaking on Africa in China Leonard Thompson:

Labor Reform Status Report January Stanley Greenberg:

The Right Wing Backlash and the Johann Groenewald: February May Elections Reflections on Teaching at the Jeannette Groenewald: the University of the Western Cape -14- - March Lynn Berat : The State of Namibian Historiography: There Should Be Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth

April Gerald Thomas : The Role of the US Ambassador in the Making of US Foreign Policy

Nthoana Mzamane : Range Management in Southern Africa with Special Reference to Lesotho

May Ding Shunzhen and Gao Zheng: African Students in China

FALL WORKSHOP

Southern Connecticut State University, November 14-15, 1986

Friday Panel discussion: Lawyering under Apartheid Chair: Alvin Klevoric Panelists: Halton Cheadle Stanley Greenberg Charles Nupen . Saturday Marcia Wright, "Nurse Cowles and Alexandra Township: Urban History and Health 1926-46" Chair: Marion Doro Discussants: Jeffrey Butler Nonceba Lubanga Mbulelo Mzamane, "Colonial and Imperial Themes in South African Literature, 1820-1930" Chair: Leonard Doob Discussants: Neil Lazarus Ketu Katrak

-15- SPRING WORKSHOP

Yale University, April 3-4, 1987

Friday Film: "Adventurers' Songs" with commentary by David Coplan

Saturday Dunbar Moodie, "Migrancy and Male Sexuality on the South African Gold Mines" Chair: Gerald Thomas Discussants: Sean Redding Pippa Green

Richard Tomlinson, "South Africa: Competing Images of the Post-Apartheid State" Chair: Gail Gerhart Discussants: Tom Karis Victor Machingaidze

I

-16- - THE LIBRARY

{Reported by the Curator, Moore Crossey)

Notes

A greater and more varied number of inquiries than ever before were received by letter and telephone from persons and institutions on six continents. Besides the SARP Fellows and associates, numerous other researchers arrived to spend a day or more using the Library's collections . . An even greater flow of new books and periodicals from southern Africa continued to arrive--more than in any previous year. In addition, North American, European, Asian, and Latin American books about southern Africa were received through purchase, gift, and exchange. A few gaps in older holdings were filled. Additions were also made to the Map and Atlas Collection, both current and older titles. A few manuscripts were purchased, plus some photographs, postcards and posters.

The Curator attended the annual meeting of the African Studies Association in Madison, Wisconsin, as well as the spring meeting of the Association's Archives-Libraries Committee in Berkeley. During the year he also visited African studies library collections and bookdealers in California, the Midwest, Washington, New York City, Edinburgh, York, and London. In May he attended the 25th anniversary Conference of SCOLMA (the UK Standing Conference on Library Materi~ls on Africa).

Acquisitions Matters

There are still problems in getting anything at all out of Angola and Mozambique--with an occasional welcome arrival out of the blue. Publica­ tions from Namibia and Swaziland also are difficult to acquire. our British agents for western and eastern Africa have both provided British and non­ southern African publications about South Africa and Namibia. A list of some of the more notable acquisitions follows on page 19 .

-17- Gifts and Exchanges

A great many small gifts of books, pamphlets, and periodicals from most of the countries of the region continued to arrive as well as various tendentious newsletters and pamphlets from the US and UK. The largest gift of mainly South African material came from Leonard Thompson ; this included some quite rare official publications. Halton Cheadle presented a collection of trial records and other documents . In late April a circular letter was sent to all former SARP Fellows , other academics, librarians, and Yale alumni resident in South Africa asking for cop{es of election pamphlets and other similar material. So far this has produced about a five percent response--still a welcome result.

Exchanges have been particularly fruitful with the State Library (Pretoria) and the South African Library (Cape Town); and most of the university libraries in the region have sent some books and journals. I hope that requested exchange materials have been sent out promptly by Yale!

The Collection

Items which could not be made available immediately to the directors, fellows, and other researchers fell into predictable patterns: disserta­ tions, non-trade research reports, old official publications, rare pamph­ lets, newspapers, and minor periodicals. Foreign doctoral dissertations and masters' theses are difficult to obtain from most English-speaking countries except South Africa. It can take up to six or more letters to get one from the UK, Australia, or say, Zambia, and may well take over six months at that, even when photocopying equipment is available (and in working order) . Inter-library loans, including xerox orders, can usually produce most journal articles and pamphlets. Even the largest libraries, e.g. Library of Congress and the British Library, have to rely on inter-library loans to supply all their requests for provincial newspapers, local and specialized periodicals, theses, out-of-print books, archives and private papers, etc.!

Our far-flung stable of dealers and agents bas found some quite rare and unusual items over the past year. Lack of staff time has prevented a more systematic attempt to identify older materials still lacking in the collec­ tions. Generally speaking, English language books not yet held become ever more esoteric . There are still some relatively important German language items on Namibia which are occasionally needed (a few of these were missed at an auction in Basel last year).

Other Yale Libraries The Divinity, Forestry, Law, and Social Science libraries continue to collect quite heavily in their respective fields with r espect to the region. Divinity Library also acquires retrospective materials and manuscripts on missions and church history. Other parts of the library system acquire Africana more selectively. A few rare items were acquired by or transferred to the Beinecke Rare Book Library.

-18- - CAMP CAMP is the Cooperative Africana Microform Project administered by the Center for Research Libraries in Chicago. It includes microfilms and fiches of many southern African titles. Yale duplicates those which are likely to have relatively heavy use such as trial records, out-of-print monographs and periodicals. Titles not duplicated at Yale include newspapers in Afrikaans, German, and Bantu languages, sets of government documents of which we hold a substantial portion on paper, and other seldom-used items. Recent CAMP additions on southern Africa consist mainly of newspapers .

Selected Acquisitions

1. Rare Books

Almeida, Jose di, Dezoito annos em Africa. Notas e Documentos . Lisbon, 1898. (chapters on Angola, Mozambique, Gaza) Gomes de Costa, Manuel, Gaza, 1897-1898 Lisboa, n.d. Rogers, Groby Warrington, The Diary of Groby Warrington Rogers, Esq ., Recording his Severe Pedestrianism, Interesting Travels, and Providential Deliverances in South Africa, 1884-7. The True History of the Var: being the official despatches and enclosures from the General Commanding-in-Chief the forces in South Africa ..•. London: 1900-.

2. Some Expensive New Books

Brink, A.B.A. (Anthony Berrange Antill), Engineering Geology of Southern Africa ... , 1979-1985. The German Official Account of the Var in South Africa. Reprint, Johannesburg, 1986. John Blades Currey, 1850 to 1900; Fifty Years in the Cape Colony. Houghton, Brenthurst Press, 1986. Lesotho Highlands Water Project: feasibility study. Lahmeyer MacDonald Consortium, Olivier Shand Consortium, 1986. MacLean, Lindsay and Darroll, Ducks of Sub-Saharan Africa. Johannesburg, 1986.

3. Commission and Trial Records

Political Trials on Microfilm (including trials of Vinnie Mandela, Bram Fischer, Robert Sobukwe and six others). 20 reels South Africa, Commission of Inquiry into Health Services. "Brown Commission". 9 vols and report.

-19- I

South Africa. Commission of Inquiry Relating to the Events on 25 September 1974 on the campus of the University of the I North with the view to determing the cause that gave rise thereto (Report). Pretoria? Government Printer? 1975? Wendy Orr and others vs. the Minister of Law and Order and others. , [Depositions, etc.) Port Elizabeth, 1985.

4. Maps and Atlases

Angola: Mappa Coordinado pelo Visconde De Sa Vandeira, Genente General, Ministro de Guerra. Lisbon , 1863 . 2 Maps. Briton or Boer. Vood and Ortlepp. Johannesburg/London, 1900. Loveday, R. Kelsey. Map of the Lydenburg Gold Fields .. • Pretoria, 1883. National Atlas of Malawi. Lilongwe: National Atlas Coordinating Committee, 1983? Stanford, (Edward) Ltd., London. Map of the Transvaal Goldfields, British Zululand, the Delagoa Bay Railway and the Routes from Cape Colony and Natal. London: 1896.

5. Manuscripts and Photgraphs J.A. Ewing and Co., {London and Durban). Collection of business papers regarding ranch in Rhodesia and various ventures in South Africa, ca. 1898-1919. Sent to Manuscripts and Archives. Photographs of the Cape Town area, ca. 1890? 38 mounted photos. South African Photo-Publishing Company, Photographs of South Africa, Comprising Representative Views ... Cape Town; 1894 . Underwood and Underwood (Stereoscopic views of the South African Var, 1898-1902. New York? 190- ] Wills, V.D. and Wills, H.O., Transvaal Series Cigarette Card Photos Boxed with African Types . 1901? To go to Manuscripts and Archives.

Special Projects

Beginning in summer 1986 a special effort was made to re-check all backlogged items in the basement storage area against the catalogs. These consisted of various gifts and en bloc purchases of backfiles of periodicals and ·serial docments' (mainly old annual reports of South African government departments) . Most of the 'monograpbic' reports were processed shortly after arrival but we found some uncataloged reports of ad hoc commissions , committees, tribunals, etc. The largest group came from the Cape Provincial Library Service {about one and a half tons) in 1969 and a smaller lot from Profesor Herbert Frankel in 1982. Even if these are not cataloged immediately at least they can be more easily found if anyone needs them.

- 20- For over ten years we have made especially intensive efforts to acquire current and older political pamphlets, broadsides, posters, newsletters , and other ephemera from all the countries of the region (and also of their respective liberation movements and liberation support groups) . Most of this material (originals, xerox copies and microform collections) is housed in Manuscripts and Archives in Sterling Library, with addi tional items in the stacks and in the Law and Divinity Libraries. The Divinity Library has Christian Institute publications and those of most other poli tico-reli gious bodies. There are possibly as many as 100,000 pieces if all t he single items in microform collections were to be counted separately. This summer the Library hopes t o complete the detailed inventory of this material with a mini-grant from a Ford Foundation funded project administered by Professors Thomas Karis and Gail Gerhart . This project ' s aim is to update the collection of documents published as From Protest to Challenge (Hoover Institution Press) .

Envoi In the upcoming eleventh year of SARP's existence, the Libraries' support is no less essential. By "supporttt is meant the l i braries' support of SARP's programs and the researches of its individual directors , fellows , and associated graduate students. Equally important is the "support" for the libraries' programs which underpin research on Africa at Yale in general and at SARP in particular. Hitherto there has been generous funding from both the Library' s acquisitions budget for adding new publications both from and about southern Africa. However, should the dollar remain weak vis-a-vis foreign curren­ cies, some retrenchment in book expenditures may be necessary. If so, cuts will be made first in retrospecti ve expenditures on old books and backfiles of periodical and newspapers. Each year a few publications not received in previous years are identified and acquired or requested from bookdealers (who will add them to their search lists if out-of-print). Microform or xerox copies will be acquired if such titles are unobtainable immediately and are needed with some urgency. Research reports and some dissertations issued by universit y depart­ ments and institutes are another problem. Authors and editors are again earnestly sought and encouraged to offer these in exchange or for sale to the undersigned. Gifts of material no longer required are always welcome . Duplicates will be most useful as additional copies or exchanged with other libraries. 'Gray' literature issued by non-commercial publishing outlets--research institutes, contract studies, etc., is particularly desired--even when quite old.

-21- Qualified researchers may have access to any of the Library system' s collections on proper introduction. A current university ID is usually enough for faculty and graduate students. A letter of introduction, stating that their own library cannot meet their needs, i s mandatory for under­ graduates.

The undersigned will gladly answer questions on avai lability of library materials--or refer inquirers to a more appropriate person or department. If at all possible North American based researchers should first ask their own libraries to check appropriate published catalogs (e. g. National Union Catalog, Union List of Serials) or the Research Libraries Group's RLIN data base (for all titles cataloged from 1979 to date, including periodi­ cals, government documents, and manuscript or archival collections).

Moore Crossey, Curator African Collection Room 317 Sterling Memorial Library Box 1603A Yale Station New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Telephone: 203-432-1882/3

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