Supplementary Materials

Table S1. Major components present in essential oils according to earlier studies.

Name of Plant a Vegetable Material Source of the Essential Oil (Region) Major Essential Oil Components b Star anise (Essential oil provided by the International Anethole, p-allylanisole, p-anisaldehyde, linalool [11]. Anise Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Union Beach, NJ, USA) Anise seeds (Turkey) Trans-Anethole, methyl eugenol, methyl chavicol [28]. Leaves, flowers and stems (Mississippi, USA) Linalool, camphor, α-humulene, eucalyptol, eugenol, bornyl acetate, methyl chavicol, methyl cinnamate [31]. Basil Leaves and flowers (Mersin, Turkey) Estragole, limonene, fenchone, p-cymene, exo-fenchyle acetate [32]. Geraniol, citronellol, linalool, isomenthone, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, citronellyl formate, geranyl formate, geranyl tiglate, Flowers (India) citronellyl tiglate [36]. Geranium Citronellol, geraniol, linalool, isomenthone, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, citronellyl formate, geranyl formate, α-terpineol, Flowers (India) germacrene D, geranyl tiglate, geranyl acetate [37]. α-Zingiberene, camphene, ar-curcumene, β-sesquiphellandrene, β-phellandrene, E,E-α-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-pinene, Rhizomes (India) Ginger geranial, endo-borneol, neral, valencene, 1,8-cineol, germacrene D [38]. Rhizomes (Australia) Geranial, neral, zingiberene, geraniol, ar-curcumene, β-sesquiphellandrene, (E,E)-α-farnesene [39]. Lavandin Different producers (France) Linalool, linalyl acetate, camphor, 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, borneol, lavandulyl acetate [43]. Leaves (No specified region) Linalool, linalyl acetate, camphor, eucalyptol, borneol [41]. Lavender Leaves, flowers & stems (India) Linalyl acetate, linalool, lavandulyl acetate, α-terpineol, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene oxide [42]. Fruits (Italy) Limonene, sabinene, b-pinene, γ-terpinene, α-pinene, geranial, myrcene [44].

Lemon Essential oil provided by the International Flavors and Limonene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, α-pinene, p-cymene [11]. Fragrances Inc. (Union Beach, NJ, USA)

Purchased from Adrian S.A. (Marseille, France) α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, myristicin, terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, safrole [9]. Nutmeg β-Pinene, α-pinene, myristicin, terpinen-4-ol, limonene, γ-terpinene, safrole, α-terpinene, β-myrcene, terpinolene, methyl Seed (Austria) eugenol, elemicin [47]. Bitter orange (Essential oil provided by the International Flavors and Fragrances Inc., Union Limonene, β-myrcene, β-pinene [11]. Orange Beach, NJ, USA) Sweet orange (Italy) Limonene, myrcene, sabinene, β-pinene, α-pinene, decanal, γ-terpinene [44].

Cosmetics 2015, 2 S2

Table S1. Cont.

Name of Plant a Vegetable Material Source of the Essential Oil (Region) Major Essential Oil Components b

Essential oil provided by the International Flavors and Patchouli alcohol, γ-guaiene, α-guaiene, methyl benzoate, β-patchoulene [10]. Fragrances Inc. (Union Beach, NJ, USA) Patchuli Leaves (Brazil) α-Guaiene, δ-guaiene, patchoulol, β-caryophyllene, α-patchoulene, β-patchoulene, seychellene [49].

Leaves (India) Patchouli alcohol, α-guaiene, δ-guaiene, seychellene, (E)-caryophyllene, α-patchoulene, β-patchoulene, γ-patchoulene [50].

Leaves (Italy) trans-Menthone, trans-menthol, trans-methyl acetate, cis-menthone, 1,8-cineole, β-caryophyllene [51]. Peppermint Leaves and flowers (Norway) Menthone, menthol, 1,8-cineole, menthyl acetate, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, menthofuran [52]. Leaves (France, Hungary, Portugal, Romania, Czech Camphor, α-thujone, β-thujone, 1,8-cineole, α-humulene, camphene, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene [55]. Republic) Sage Essential oil provided by the International Flavors and α-Thujone, camphor, 1,8-cineole, camphene, isoborneol, δ-cadinene, β-thujone, α-caryophyllene, α-pinene, limonene [11]. Fragrances Inc. (Union Beach, NJ, USA) Thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, β-caryophyllene, borneol, thymol methyl ether, carvacrol methyl ether, 1-octen-3-ol, Leaves (Italy) β-bisabolene [56]. Thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, thymol methyl ether, carvacrol methyl ether, β-bisabolene, β-myrcene, 1-octen-3-ol, Flowers (Italy) β-caryophyllene [56].

Purchased from Adrian S.A. (Marseille, France) Thymol, p-cymene, linalool [9]. Thyme Essential oil provided by the International Flavors and p-cymene, thymol, camphene, α-terpineol [11]. Fragrances Inc. (Union Beach, NJ, USA)

Flowers (Jordan) Carvacrol, thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, α-terpinene, β-pinene [57]. Flower buds (Jordan) Carvacrol, thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, α-terpinene, β-pinene [57]. Leaves (Jordan) Thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, borneol [57]. a Trivial name; b Components thought to have a higher influence on the Raman spectra of the oils (due to their relative quantity) are underlined.

Cosmetics 2015, 2 S3

Raman Spectra of Essential Oils

1654 1608 1173 1282 1210 1303 843 757 1447 1243 640 1374 Raman intensity Raman 1576 786 1509 1039 574 562 967 945 710 527 496 1115 1093

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S1. Average spectrum of anise essential oil.

1672 1640 1452 1293 651 1378 803 1413 763 1613 928 916 484 466 838 1026 562 550 1338 956 Raman intensity Raman 716 1215 1179 1168 1094 1083 1547

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S2. Average spectrum of basil chemotype linalool essential oil.

843 820 1640 1179 1608 1298 640 1200 1247 1452 1438 1413 1585 763 1324 711 917 939 1011 995 1039 Raman intensity 1672 454 547 526 1510 1378 1083

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S3. Average spectrum of basil chemotype methyl chavicol essential oil. Cosmetics 2015, 2 S4

1671 1452 1378 1640 803 832 453 1329 1293 751 1006 775 Raman intensity 587 1009 956 676 513 479 1231 1206 1729 1712 911 1548

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S4. Average spectrum of geranium essential oil.

1635 1671 1447 1438 1590 1378 764 804 781 1215 956 928 1330 670 640 1293 652 878 Raman intensity Raman 1168 454 1083 1017 1109 587

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S5. Average spectrum of ginger essential oil.

1672

1452 1640 652 1378 1298 1413 803 763

478 466 1022 950 928 832 1738 556 627 1093 1082 1338 734 Raman intensity Raman 1163 693 860 1548 1241 1220

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S6. Average spectrum of lavandin essential oil. Cosmetics 2015, 2 S5

1672 1640 1452 652 1378 1298 1413 803 763

478 463 1022 946 928 832 1738 552 734 627 1093 1082 1338 Raman intensity Raman 1163 693 860 1548 1566 1241 1220

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S7. Average spectrum of lavender essential oil.

757 1432 1676 1644 646 1368 798 428 544 527 878 1698 1157 1200 1308 1288 1049 1011 1077 490 473 705 681 Raman intensity Raman 917 855 957 1548 580 1241

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S8. Average spectrum of lemon essential oil.

1447 1654 1640 646 1414 956 670 1608 780 762 1673 917 1210 1303 441 728 1376 877 855 1044 508 478 568 1698 1162 1147 1328 1267 Raman intensity Raman 1011 1545

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S9. Average spectrum of nutmeg essential oil. Cosmetics 2015, 2 S6

763 1433 1676 1645 1368 797 544 527 1158 917 889 1308 1288 1077 1017 429 491 1394 702 682 639 Raman intensity Raman 1112 1241 1205 957 1545

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S10. Average spectrum of orange (bitter) essential oil.

763

1676 1645 1433 1368 797 544 527 1158 917 889 1308 1288 1077 1017 429 491 1394 702 682 639 Raman intensity 1112 1241 1205 957 1545

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S11. Average spectrum of orange (sweet) essential oil.

604 1438 1452 1640 538 551 484 1667 934 855 734 1328 1308 1282 1104 774 815 Raman intensity Raman 1045 1001 1231 1179 664

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S12. Average spectrum of patchouli essential oil. Cosmetics 2015, 2 S7

1457 769 1363 1344 1333 1313 1045 1640 1671 429 550 843 809 1178 1147 956 1708 675 652 616 1241 Raman intensity Raman 923 877 1272 502 1104 1077

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S13. Average spectrum of peppermint essential oil.

652 1447 951 928 1671 1657 1640 Raman intensity Raman 550 574 757 861 815 1017 1082 1162 1481 1743 1378 1272 1298 478 710

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S14. Average spectrum of sage essential oil.

803 740 1210 1613 1442 1457 1061 1378 646 448 1267 1303 1184 889 1676 951 527 1004 1088 1580 584 699 923 Raman intensity Raman

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Wavenumber / cm-1

Figure S15. Average spectrum of thyme essential oil. Cosmetics 2015, 2 S8

© 2015 by the authors; license MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).