Pteridologist /The British Pteridological Society
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Pteridologist 2007
PTERIDOLOGIST 2007 CONTENTS Volume 4 Part 6, 2007 EDITORIAL James Merryweather Instructions to authors NEWS & COMMENT Dr Trevor Walker Chris Page 166 A Chilli Fern? Graham Ackers 168 The Botanical Research Fund 168 Miscellany 169 IDENTIFICATION Male Ferns 2007 James Merryweather 172 TREE-FERN NEWSLETTER No. 13 Hyper-Enthusiastic Rooting of a Dicksonia Andrew Leonard 178 Most Northerly, Outdoor Tree Ferns Alastair C. Wardlaw 178 Dicksonia x lathamii A.R. Busby 179 Tree Ferns at Kells House Garden Martin Rickard 181 FOCUS ON FERNERIES Renovated Palace for Dicksoniaceae Alastair C. Wardlaw 184 The Oldest Fernery? Martin Rickard 185 Benmore Fernery James Merryweather 186 FEATURES Recording Ferns part 3 Chris Page 188 Fern Sticks Yvonne Golding 190 The Stansfield Memorial Medal A.R. Busby 191 Fern Collections in Manchester Museum Barbara Porter 193 What’s Dutch about Dutch Rush? Wim de Winter 195 The Fine Ferns of Flora Græca Graham Ackers 203 CONSERVATION A Case for Ex Situ Conservation? Alastair C. Wardlaw 197 IN THE GARDEN The ‘Acutilobum’ Saga Robert Sykes 199 BOOK REVIEWS Encyclopedia of Garden Ferns by Sue Olsen Graham Ackers 170 Fern Books Before 1900 by Hall & Rickard Clive Jermy 172 Britsh Ferns DVD by James Merryweather Graham Ackers 187 COVER PICTURE: The ancestor common to all British male ferns, the mountain male fern Dryopteris oreades, growing on a ledge high on the south wall of Bealach na Ba (the pass of the cattle) Unless stated otherwise, between Kishorn and Applecross in photographs were supplied the Scottish Highlands - page 172. by the authors of the articles PHOTO: JAMES MERRYWEATHER in which they appear. -
Nzbotsoc No 86 Dec 2006
NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 86 DECEMBER 2006 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Anthony Wright Secretary/Treasurer: Ewen Cameron Committee: Bruce Clarkson, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: c/- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue CHRISTCHURCH 8001 Subscriptions The 2006 ordinary and institutional subscriptions are $25 (reduced to $18 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 2006 student subscription, available to full-time students, is $9 (reduced to $7 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $2.50 each from Number 1 (August 1985) to Number 46 (December 1996), $3.00 each from Number 47 (March 1997) to Number 50 (December 1997), and $3.75 each from Number 51 (March 1998) onwards. Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28th February each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next years subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the March 2007 issue is 25 February 2007 Please post contributions to: Melanie Newfield 17 Homebush Rd Khandallah Wellington Send email contributions to [email protected]. Files are preferably in MS Word (Word XP or earlier) or saved as RTF or ASCII. -
(OUV) of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area
Handout 2 Natural Heritage Criteria and the Attributes of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area The notes that follow were derived by deconstructing the original 1988 nomination document to identify the specific themes and attributes which have been recognised as contributing to the Outstanding Universal Value of the Wet Tropics. The notes also provide brief statements of justification for the specific examples provided in the nomination documentation. Steve Goosem, December 2012 Natural Heritage Criteria: (1) Outstanding examples representing the major stages in the earth’s evolutionary history Values: refers to the surviving taxa that are representative of eight ‘stages’ in the evolutionary history of the earth. Relict species and lineages are the elements of this World Heritage value. Attribute of OUV (a) The Age of the Pteridophytes Significance One of the most significant evolutionary events on this planet was the adaptation in the Palaeozoic Era of plants to life on the land. The earliest known (plant) forms were from the Silurian Period more than 400 million years ago. These were spore-producing plants which reached their greatest development 100 million years later during the Carboniferous Period. This stage of the earth’s evolutionary history, involving the proliferation of club mosses (lycopods) and ferns is commonly described as the Age of the Pteridophytes. The range of primitive relict genera representative of the major and most ancient evolutionary groups of pteridophytes occurring in the Wet Tropics is equalled only in the more extensive New Guinea rainforests that were once continuous with those of the listed area. -
RESEARCH Patterns of Woody Plant Epiphytism on Tree Ferns in New
BrockNew Zealand & Burns: Journal Woody of epiphytes Ecology (2021)of tree 45(1):ferns 3433 © 2021 New Zealand Ecological Society. 1 RESEARCH Patterns of woody plant epiphytism on tree ferns in New Zealand James M. R. Brock*1 and Bruce R. Burns1 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand *Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) Published online: 13 January 2021 Abstract: Tree fern trunks provide establishment surfaces and habitat for a range of plant taxa including many understorey shrubs and canopy trees. The importance of these habitats for augmenting forest biodiversity and woody plant regeneration processes has been the subject of conjecture but has not been robustly assessed. We undertook a latitudinal study of the woody epiphytes and hemiepiphytes of two species of tree ferns (Cyathea smithii, Dicksonia squarrosa) at seven sites throughout New Zealand to determine (1) compositional variation with survey area, host identity, and tree fern size, and (2) the frequency of woody epiphyte and hemiepiphyte occurrence, in particular that of mature individuals. We recorded 3441 individuals of 61 species of woody epiphyte and hemiepiphyte on 700 tree ferns across the seven survey areas. All were facultative or accidental, with many species only ever recorded as seedlings. Epiphyte composition varied latitudinally in response to regional species pools; only two species occurred as woody epiphytes at every survey area: Coprosma grandifolia and Schefflera digitata. Five woody epiphyte species exhibited an apparent host preference to one of the two tree fern species surveyed, and trunk diameter and height were strong predictors of woody epiphyte and hemiepiphyte richness and diversity. -
Not 100% – but Four Steps Closer to Sustainable Tourism
C.12 Not 100% – but four steps closer to sustainable tourism February 2021 This report has been produced pursuant to subsections 16(1)(a) to (c) of the Environment Act 1986. The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment is an independent Officer of Parliament, with functions and powers set out in the Environment Act 1986. His role allows an opportunity to provide Members of Parliament with independent advice in their consideration of matters that may have impacts on the environment. This document may be copied provided that the source is acknowledged. This report and other publications by the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment are available at pce.parliament.nz. Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment Te Kaitiaki Taiao a Te Whare Pāremata PO Box 10-241 Wellington 6143 Aotearoa New Zealand T 64 4 471 1669 F 64 4 495 8350 E [email protected] W pce.parliament.nz February 2021 ISBN 978-0-947517-24-3 (print) 978-0-947517-25-0 (electronic) Photography Cover images: Hot Water Beach, Eli Duke, Flickr; Akaroa, Bruno d’Auria, Flickr; contrails, Andreina Schoeberlein, Flickr. Chapter header images: Leptopteris superba, John Barkla, iNaturalist; Cyathea dealbata, Hymenophyllum demissum, Paul Bell-Butler, iNaturalist; Anogramma leptophylla, Schizaea australis, Pteris macilenta, Sarah Richardson, iNaturalist; Notogrammitis billardierei, Chris Ecroyd, iNaturalist. Not 100% – but four steps closer to sustainable tourism February 2021 Acknowledgements The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment is indebted to a number of people who assisted him in conducting this investigation. Special thanks are due to Andrew McCarthy who led the project, supported by Leana Barriball, Dr Robert Dykes, Tessa Evans, Vivienne Holm, Shaun Killerby, Peter Lee and Megan Martin. -
Fern Classification
16 Fern classification ALAN R. SMITH, KATHLEEN M. PRYER, ERIC SCHUETTPELZ, PETRA KORALL, HARALD SCHNEIDER, AND PAUL G. WOLF 16.1 Introduction and historical summary / Over the past 70 years, many fern classifications, nearly all based on morphology, most explicitly or implicitly phylogenetic, have been proposed. The most complete and commonly used classifications, some intended primar• ily as herbarium (filing) schemes, are summarized in Table 16.1, and include: Christensen (1938), Copeland (1947), Holttum (1947, 1949), Nayar (1970), Bierhorst (1971), Crabbe et al. (1975), Pichi Sermolli (1977), Ching (1978), Tryon and Tryon (1982), Kramer (in Kubitzki, 1990), Hennipman (1996), and Stevenson and Loconte (1996). Other classifications or trees implying relationships, some with a regional focus, include Bower (1926), Ching (1940), Dickason (1946), Wagner (1969), Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1972), Holttum (1973), and Mickel (1974). Tryon (1952) and Pichi Sermolli (1973) reviewed and reproduced many of these and still earlier classifica• tions, and Pichi Sermolli (1970, 1981, 1982, 1986) also summarized information on family names of ferns. Smith (1996) provided a summary and discussion of recent classifications. With the advent of cladistic methods and molecular sequencing techniques, there has been an increased interest in classifications reflecting evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic studies robustly support a basal dichotomy within vascular plants, separating the lycophytes (less than 1 % of extant vascular plants) from the euphyllophytes (Figure 16.l; Raubeson and Jansen, 1992, Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Pryer et al., 2001a, 2004a, 2004b; Qiu et al., 2006). Living euphyl• lophytes, in turn, comprise two major clades: spermatophytes (seed plants), which are in excess of 260 000 species (Thorne, 2002; Scotland and Wortley, Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycopliytes, ed. -
The Paraphyly of Osmunda Is Confirmed by Phylogenetic Analyses of Seven Plastid Loci
Systematic Botany (2008), 33(1): pp. 31–36 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists The Paraphyly of Osmunda is Confirmed by Phylogenetic Analyses of Seven Plastid Loci Jordan S. Metzgar,1 Judith E. Skog,2,3 Elizabeth A. Zimmer,4 and Kathleen M. Pryer1,5 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 U.S.A. 2Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 U.S.A. 3National Science Foundation, Division of Biological Infrastructure, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Virginia 22203 U.S.A. 4Department of Botany and Laboratory of Analytical Biology, Smithsonian Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746 U.S.A. 5Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Daniel Potter Abstract—To resolve phylogenetic relationships among all genera and subgenera in Osmundaceae, we analyzed over 8,500 characters of DNA sequence data from seven plastid loci (atpA, rbcL, rbcL–accD, rbcL–atpB, rps4–trnS, trnG–trnR, and trnL–trnF). Our results confirm those from earlier anatomical and single-gene (rbcL) studies that suggested Osmunda s.l. is paraphyletic. Osmunda cinnamomea is sister to the remainder of Osmundaceae (Leptopteris, Todea, and Osmunda s.s.). We support the recognition of a monotypic fourth genus, Osmundastrum, to reflect these results. We also resolve subgeneric relationships within Osmunda s.s. and find that subg. Claytosmunda is strongly supported as sister to the rest of Osmunda. A stable, well-supported classification for extant Osmundaceae is proposed, along with a key to all genera and subgenera. Keywords—ferns, Osmunda, Osmundaceae, Osmundastrum, paraphyly, plastid DNA. -
Tree Ferns: Monophyletic Groups and Their Relationships As Revealed by Four Protein-Coding Plastid Loci
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (2006) 830–845 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Tree ferns: Monophyletic groups and their relationships as revealed by four protein-coding plastid loci Petra Korall a,b,¤, Kathleen M. Pryer a, Jordan S. Metzgar a, Harald Schneider c, David S. Conant d a Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA b Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden c Albrecht-von-Haller Institute für PXanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany d Natural Science Department, Lyndon State College, Lyndonville, VT 05851, USA Received 3 October 2005; revised 22 December 2005; accepted 2 January 2006 Available online 14 February 2006 Abstract Tree ferns are a well-established clade within leptosporangiate ferns. Most of the 600 species (in seven families and 13 genera) are arbo- rescent, but considerable morphological variability exists, spanning the giant scaly tree ferns (Cyatheaceae), the low, erect plants (Plagiogy- riaceae), and the diminutive endemics of the Guayana Highlands (Hymenophyllopsidaceae). In this study, we investigate phylogenetic relationships within tree ferns based on analyses of four protein-coding, plastid loci (atpA, atpB, rbcL, and rps4). Our results reveal four well-supported clades, with genera of Dicksoniaceae (sensu Kubitzki, 1990) interspersed among them: (A) (Loxomataceae, (Culcita, Pla- giogyriaceae)), (B) (Calochlaena, (Dicksonia, Lophosoriaceae)), (C) Cibotium, and (D) Cyatheaceae, with Hymenophyllopsidaceae nested within. How these four groups are related to one other, to Thyrsopteris, or to Metaxyaceae is weakly supported. Our results show that Dicksoniaceae and Cyatheaceae, as currently recognised, are not monophyletic and new circumscriptions for these families are needed. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. -
Osmunda Pulchella Sp. Nov. from the Jurassic of Sweden
Bomfleur et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:126 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0400-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Osmunda pulchella sp. nov. from the Jurassic of Sweden—reconciling molecular and fossil evidence in the phylogeny of modern royal ferns (Osmundaceae) Benjamin Bomfleur1*, Guido W. Grimm1,2 and Stephen McLoughlin1 Abstract Background: The classification of royal ferns (Osmundaceae) has long remained controversial. Recent molecular phylogenies indicate that Osmunda is paraphyletic and needs to be separated into Osmundastrum and Osmunda s.str. Here, however, we describe an exquisitely preserved Jurassic Osmunda rhizome (O. pulchella sp. nov.) that combines diagnostic features of both Osmundastrum and Osmunda, calling molecular evidence for paraphyly into question. We assembled a new morphological matrix based on rhizome anatomy, and used network analyses to establish phylogenetic relationships between fossil and extant members of modern Osmundaceae. We re-analysed the original molecular data to evaluate root-placement support. Finally, we integrated morphological and molecular data-sets using the evolutionary placement algorithm. Results: Osmunda pulchella and five additional Jurassic rhizome species show anatomical character suites intermediate between Osmundastrum and Osmunda. Molecular evidence for paraphyly is ambiguous: a previously unrecognized signal from spacer sequences favours an alternative root placement that would resolve Osmunda s.l. as monophyletic. Our evolutionary placement analysis identifies fossil species as probable ancestral members of modern genera and subgenera, which accords with recent evidence from Bayesian dating. Conclusions: Osmunda pulchella is likely a precursor of the Osmundastrum lineage. The recently proposed root placement in Osmundaceae—based solely on molecular data—stems from possibly misinformative outgroup signals in rbcL and atpA genes. -
Summer 2016 - 49 President’S Message
THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION P.O. Box 3797 Federal Way, WA 98063-3797 Web site: www.hardyfems.org The Hardy Fern Foundation was founded in 1989 to establish a comprehen¬ sive collection of the world’s hardy ferns for display, testing, evaluation, public education and introduction to the gardening and horticultural community. Many rare and unusual species, hybrids and varieties are being propagated from spores and tested in selected environments for their different degrees of hardiness and ornamental garden value. The primary fern display and test garden is located at, and in conjunction with, The Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden at the Weyerhaeuser Corporate Headquarters, in Federal Way, Washington. Affiliate fern gardens are at the Bainbridge Island Library, Bainbridge Island, Washington; Bellevue Botanical Garden, Bellevue, Washington; Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Birmingham, Alabama; Coastal Maine Botanical Garden, Boothbay, Maine; Dallas Arboretum, Dallas, Texas; Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, Colorado; Georgia Perimeter College Garden, Decatur, Georgia; Inniswood Metro Gardens, Columbus, Ohio; Lakewold, Tacoma, Washington; Lotusland, Santa Barbara, California; Rotary Gardens, Janesville, Wisconsin; Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco, California; University of California Berkeley Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California; and Whitehall Historic Home and Garden, Louisville, Kentucky. Hardy Fern Foundation members participate in a spore exchange, receive a quarterly newsletter and have first access to ferns as they are ready for distribution. Cover design by Will anna Bradner HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY Volume 26 No. 3 Editor- Sue Olsen ISSN 1542-5517 President’s Message. Richie Steffen In Defense of Plants. A Fern with Flower G Odd Case of Horizontal Gene Transfer Dryopteris bissetiana - Beaded Wood Fern.52-53 James R. -
Not 100% – but Four Steps Closer to Sustainable Tourism
C.12 EMBARGOED until 2pm Thursday 18 February 2021 Not 100% – but four steps closer to sustainable tourism February 2021 EMBARGOED until 2pm Thursday 18 February 2021 This report has been produced pursuant to subsections 16(1)(a) to (c) of the Environment Act 1986. The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment is an independent Officer of Parliament, with functions and powers set out in the Environment Act 1986. His role allows an opportunity to provide Members of Parliament with independent advice in their consideration of matters that may have impacts on the environment. This document may be copied provided that the source is acknowledged. This report and other publications by the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment are available at pce.parliament.nz. Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment Te Kaitiaki Taiao a Te Whare Pāremata PO Box 10-241 Wellington 6143 Aotearoa New Zealand T 64 4 471 1669 F 64 4 495 8350 E [email protected] W pce.parliament.nz February 2021 ISBN 978-0-947517-24-3 (print) 978-0-947517-25-0 (electronic) Photography Cover images: Hot Water Beach, Eli Duke, Flickr; Akaroa, Bruno d’Auria, Flickr; contrails, Andreina Schoeberlein, Flickr. Chapter header images: Leptopteris superba, John Barkla, iNaturalist; Cyathea dealbata, Hymenophyllum demissum, Paul Bell-Butler, iNaturalist; Anogramma leptophylla, Schizaea australis, Pteris macilenta, Sarah Richardson, iNaturalist; Notogrammitis billardierei, Chris Ecroyd, iNaturalist. EMBARGOED until 2pm Thursday 18 February 2021 Not 100% – but four steps closer to sustainable tourism February 2021 EMBARGOED until 2pm Thursday 18 February 2021 Acknowledgements The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment is indebted to a number of people who assisted him in conducting this investigation. -
BBOP Pilot Project Case Study
Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP) BBOP Pilot Project Case Study Strongman Mine – New Zealand Forest Trends, Conservation International and the Wildlife Conservation Society provided the Secretariat for BBOP during the first phase of the programme's work (2004 – 2008). Publication Data Solid Energy New Zealand Limited. 2009. BBOP Pilot Project Case Study. Strongman Mine. Christchurch, New Zealand. Available from www.forest-trends.org/biodiversityoffsetprogram/guidelines/senz-case-study.pdf. © Solid Energy New Zealand Limited 2009. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Solid Energy New Zealand Limited. Any errors are purely the responsibility of the authors. Cover and graphic design by Rima Design. 1 About this document To help developers, conservation groups, communities, governments and financial institutions that wish to consider and develop best practice related to biodiversity offsets, the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP) has prepared a set of Principles, interim guidance and resource documents1, including pilot project case studies, of which this document2 is one. All those involved in BBOP are grateful to the companies who volunteered pilot projects in this first phase of its work. The ability to test methods and learn from practical experience in a set of pilot projects has played an important role in the development of the BBOP principles on biodiversity offsets and supporting materials during the first phase of the programme’s work (2004 – 2008).