Journal of the American Viola Society Volume 6 No. 1, Spring 1990
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JOURNAL otthe AMERICANVIOLA SOCIETY Chapte r of THE INTERNATIONAL VIOLA SOCIETY Association for the Promotion of Viola Performance and Research Vol. 6 No. I Spring 1990 Features 3 Hermann Ritter and His Viola Alta Daniel Thomason 7 Exploring Sound on the Viola Yizhak Scholten 11 Henri Vieuxtemps' Solo Literature for Viola David Kerr 16 A Practical Approacli to Viola Technique Darrel Barnes 19 Heidi Castleman Rosemary Glyde 27 Survey of the XVII International Viola Congress Ronn Andrusco 37 New Officers 42 AVS in the USSR The Journal of the American Viola Society is a publication of that organization, and is produced at Brigham Young University, " 1985, ISSN 0898-5987. The Journal welcomes letters and articles from its readers. / Editorial office: BYU Music, Harris Fine Arts Center, Provo, UT 84602 , (801) 378-3083 Editor: David Dalton Assistant Editor: David Day Advertising office: Harold Klatz, 1024 Maple Avenue, Evanston, IL 60202 , (312 ) 869 2972. Deadlines are March I, June I, and October 1 for the three annual issues. Inquiries can be made to Mr. Klatz. Copy and art work should be sent to the editorial office. Rates: $75 full page, $60 two-thirds page, $40 half page, $33 one-third page , $25 one fourth page. For classifieds: $10 for 30 words including address; $20 for 31 to 60 words. Payment to "American Viola Society" c/o Rosemary Glyde, treasurer, P.O. Box 558 Rt. 22, Golden's Bridge, NY 10526. OFFICERS David Dalton Presid ent Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84602 (801) 378-3083 Louis Kievman Vice-Presid ent 1343 Amalfi Dr. Pacific Palisad es, CA 90272 Harold Klat z Secretary 1024 Maple Ave. Evan ston , IL 60202 Rosemary Cl yde Treasurer Po. Box 558, Rt. 22 C olden's Bridge, N Y 10526 Ma urice W Riley Past President 512 Roosevelt Blvd. Ypsilanti , M I 48197 EXECUTIVE BOARD Paul Doktor M ilton Katim s Donald M clrmes Robert O ppelt Joseph de Pasquale Dwight Pounds Thomas Tatton Ma rcus Thom pson Francis Tursi Karen Tuttle Ann Woodward COORD/NAroR WITH CANADIAN VIOLA SOCIETY A. Baird Knec htel FOUNDER Myron Rosenb lum HONORARY PRESIDENT _.. ~ e. Will iam Prim rose (deceased) cf('cr:J;f Chapterof the Internaiionale Viola -Gesellschaft PUBLISHERS OF MUSIC FOR THE SERIOUS VIOLIST STUDIES FIOCCO SCHMIDT Allegro $3 .00 Alla Turka $3.00 ARNOLD Cadenzas for Telemann FRANCOEUR SHU BERT Viola Concerto $ 1.40 Sonata in A Major $4.50 The Bee $3.00 ARNOLD GLUC K TARTINI Th ree Octave Scales Melody from "Orfeo" $3 .00 The Devil's Trill $6.00 And Arpeggios $4.50 Sonata Angelique . $6 .00 HANDEL BLUMENSTENGAL Sonata in D $4.50 TCHA IKOWSKI Viola Scale Techniq ue Canzonetta $3.00 V ol. I · lst Pos $4.50 HUBAY Melodie $3.00 Viola Scale Technique Hejre Kati $4 .50 Serenade Melancholique $4.50 Vol. II · lsr to 5th Pos $4.50 Valse Senrirnentale $3 .00 JOPLIN TARTINI Pineapple Rag $3 .00 VITALI The Art of Bowing $6.00 Solace $3 .00 Chaconne $6 .00 KREISLER VON W EBER Praeludium and Allegro $4.5 0 Andante and Hungarian REPERTOIRE Sicilienne and Rigaudon $4.50 Rondo $4.50 Liebesleid $4.50 ARNOL D Uebesfreud $4.50 WIE NIAWSKI Basic Bach . ... .. ... ... .. $6.60 Recitativo and Scherzo Caprice Legende .. .. .. .. .. .. $3 .00 Mozart Miniatures . ... ... .. $6 .60 (U naccompanied) $3.00 Scherzo > Tarantella $4.50 The Young Violist Bk. I $6 .60 The Young Violist Bk. II $6.60 MASSENET WO EHR Meditation from "Tha is" $3 .00 Bachiana $6 .00 BACH Chromatic Fantasy and MATTH EWS Fugue $4.50 Fantasy $6.00 ENSEMBLES BEETHOV EN MENDELSSOHN Fur Elise $3.00 Sonata in E Rat $4.50 BACH Fifteen Two > Part BOCCHERINI MOUSSO RGSKY Inventions $6 .00 Music Box Menuet $3.00 Hopak $3 .00 MOZART BOH M MO ZART Duo Sonata in Bk. K.292 $4 .50 Sarabande $3 .00 Adagio K.261 $3.00 Twelve Duets K.487 $4.50 Menuetto Divertimento BRAHMS K.334 $3.00 PACHELBEL Scherzo $4.5 0 Rondo K.250 $4.50 Canon for Th ree Violas and Piano $6 .00 CHO PIN Serenata Cantabile K.283 $3.00 Nocturne for Viola $3.00 NOVA CEK TELEMANN Perpetual Motion $4.50 Concerto # I in C for Four CO RELLI Violas $7.25 Saraba nda, Giga and PAGANINI Concerto #2 in G for Four Badinerie $4.5 0 Six Sonatas Bk. I Violas $7 .25 Sonata # 12 • Follia con Nos. I. 2. 3 $6.00 Concerto #3 in F for Four Variazioni $4.50 Six Sonatas Bk. II Violas $7 .25 DANCLA Nos. 4. 5. 6 $6 .00 Variations on the G String $4.50 VIVALDI Carnival of Venice $4 .50 Co ncerto for Four Violas and PUGNANI DEBUSSY Piano $9 .00 Gavorta Variata $4 .50 Girl with the Flaxen Hair $3 .00 La Plus Que Lente $4.50 RACHM ANINOFF Vocalise $3.00 DVORAK Available from : Romance Op . II $4.5 0 RIES VIOLA WORLD Sonatina Op . 100 $6 .00 Perpetuum Mobile $4.50 PUBLICATIONS 14 FENWOOD ROAD FAURE RIMSKY • KOR SAKO FF HUNTINGTON STATIO N Fantasy $6.00 Right of the Bumb le Bee $3.00 NEW YOR K 11746 HERMANN RITTER AND were taken over by the cello in its higher 3 ranges and later a bass instrument doubled HIS VIOLA ALTA the cello an octave lower.) by Even into the 19th century, the alto viola was the only middle voice, and it Daniel Thomason underwent the same changes that the violin and cello had endured up to this point- Throughout the long history of the the flattened contour introduced by violin family, the viola has been the one Antonio Stradivari and other Italian makers; instrument for which permanent the longer, restructured neck; and the mathematical dimensions have not been higher bridge, with sound post and bass bar formulated. Lionel Tertis once said, "It modifications added early in the 19th [the Tertis model] is 163/4 inches long, and century. Yet, the viola generally still this I consider to be the maximum length retained its small size. This small size, the for playing under the chin, and, at the same result of the incorrect geometrical pro time the minimum from which to hope for portions of the the instrument in relation a re~lly satisfactory C string sonoritv."! to the dimensions of the violin and cello, William Primrose commented, "The ideal resulted in the so-called nasal sound so size is between 16 inches and 16 1/2 much sought after in the 19th century, inches";2 and Paul Doktor added, "Soloists and which today is accepted as the viola as a rule, like to play on instruments as sound (described by Berlioz as "husky'l"). large as they possibly can handle. The advantage which the large instrument has, Small, Weak Violas as far as additional volume of tone and Most viola players in European possibly more depth is concerned, is orchestras of the 19th century played on lessened by the continuous strain on the left very small, weak instruments; the viola hand.,,3These three comments illustrate the sections were often ridiculed as the weakest 20th century belief that the instrument of the strings, and violists were labelled as must be comfortable to play while those who played a "pensioner's instru producing the volume and the characteristic ment." Violinists ready for retirement, and viola sonority violists all seek. Though this even non-stringed instrument players due is evident, it was not so obvious to violists to retire soon, were given a viola to play in the nineteenth century, for whom the out their remaining years." Richard Wagner situation was quite problematic. Violists noted, "In the majority of our orchestras then were used to small, weak instruments the viola players do not constitute the with hardly any projection, and with almost flower of bow[ed] instrumentalists.r" It useless C strings. Berlioz observed, "Con became generally apparent that the viola ductors should absolutely prohibit the use situation had to be remedied. The dauntless of these mongrel instruments. Their weak Hermann Ritter, in an effort to find a sound deprives the orchestra of one of its remedy, tried to produce a viola equal in most interesting tone elements and robs it sound and tone to the other stringed of sonority, especially on its deep tones."! instruments. As the violin family emerged in the Hermann Ritter, born in 1849 in Wismar, mid-16th century, the voicing eventually Germany, studied violin, theory and music followed the vocal distribution--2 violins, history at the New Academy of Music in 2 violas (small alto, 39 em = 15 1/2", and Berlin. While municipal music director in large tenor, 48 em = 19"), and cello (and/or Heidelberg, he continued to study art a bass instrument). The smaller alto viola history and philosophy. It was there that was certainly easy enough to handle by Ritter became interested in the viola. He most players, but the larger tenor was also became aware of the precarious extremely cumbersome; even so, the two position of the viola and its players, and sizes of violas existed until the beginning decided to reform matters. However, he of the 18th century. As composers moved seemed more interested in redesigning the away from five voices to the four-voiced viola than chastising the players. (Also very string section, the alto survived and the concerned with the education of new, tenor fell by the wayside. (The tenor parts young violists, he became an influential 4 teacher.") When Ritter moved to Wurzburg initially two violas altas were used in the to teach at the Royal Music School, he had Wagner orchestra.