Macquarie University Ahis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Macquarie University Ahis MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY AHIS 353 Pagans, Jews, and Christians: Athens and Jerusalem. 3 Credit points Unit Guide Semester 2 2011 Faculty of Arts Department of Ancient History http://learn.mq.edu.au 1 Part 1 General information Convener and Lecturer: Mr. Bernard Doherty Email: [email protected] Phone: (2) 9850 6888 Office: W6A 510 Tutor: Helena Bolle Email: [email protected] Phone: (02) 9850 6888 Office: W6A 510 For general enquiries Position: Departmental Administrator Name: Ms. Raina Kim Email: [email protected] Phone: +61 2 9850 8833 Office: W6A 540 2 Part 2. Academic Contents Credit Points 3 Prerequisite 12 cp. Unit description This unit focuses on the theme suggested in the subtitle, taken from Tertullian's question 'What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?' What has the philosophical Academy of Athens, representing the millennia-old Classical tradition, to do with the new 'philosophy' founded on the teachings of Christ, developed by Paul, and embodied in the Holy City, sacred to Jews and Christians? This unit looks in particular at the relationship of the three 'races' ( genoi ): Greeks, Jews, and Christians, from the perspective of the inheritors of the Classical tradition, who ruled the Mediterranean from the Eternal city: Rome. The unit will examine the ways the Roman state reacted to Jews and Christians from the second to the fourth centuries; from the time when Christianity first came to Rome's attention, through attempts by Rome to remove it (violently or otherwise) from the world, to the 'triumph' of Christianity in the fourth century. It looks at developments in Roman beliefs and cults in the period, problematises the different response of Rome to Jews and Christians, and examines the relationship between the two monotheistic traditions. Unit outcomes Students in this Unit will acquire: 1. Knowledge about religious interaction in the Roman world from c. 100 to c. 350 CE. 2. Insight into inter- and intra religious interaction 3. Perspectives on the processes of accommodation and integration inherent in a society in which different ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious groups operated alongside each other 4. Perspectives on how the way we label ancient phenomena, communities, and events, affects our study of them 5. Skills in the use of primary sources for the study of the ancient world 6. Skills for the use of bibliographical resources for the study of the ancient world 7. Skills for the identification of sources of information (such as research tools, databases, and online resources), and problem-solving skills in dealing with these resources 8. Familiarity with treating different types of documents, in order to identify their technical or genre-based aspects, and to extract data from them 9.Familiarity with treating different types of discourses, and to analyse their aims and functions 3 Graduate capabilities 1. Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills Our graduates will take with them the intellectual development, depth and breadth of knowledge, scholarly understanding, and specific subject content in their chosen fields to make them competent and confident in their subject or profession. They will be able to demonstrate, where relevant, professional technical competence and meet professional standards. They will be able to articulate the structure of knowledge of their discipline, be able to adapt discipline-specific knowledge to novel situations, and be able to contribute from their discipline to inter-disciplinary solutions to problems. 2. Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking We want our graduates to be capable of reasoning, questioning and analysing, and to integrate and synthesise learning and knowledge from a range of sources and environments; to be able to critique constraints, assumptions and limitations; to be able to think independently and systemically in relation to scholarly activity, in the workplace, and in the world. We want them to have a level of scientific and information technology literacy. 3. Problem Solving and Research Capability Our graduates should be capable of researching; of analysing, and interpreting and assessing data and information in various forms; of drawing connections across fields of knowledge; and they should be able to relate their knowledge to complex situations at work or in the world, in order to diagnose and solve problems. We want them to have the confidence to take the initiative in doing so, within an awareness of their own limitations. 4. Creative and Innovative Our graduates will also be capable of creative thinking and of creating knowledge. They will be imaginative and open to experience and capable of innovation at work and in the community. We want them to be engaged in applying their critical, creative thinking. 5. Effective Communication We want to develop in our students the ability to communicate and convey their views in forms effective with different audiences. We want our graduates to take with them the capability to read, listen, question, gather and evaluate information resources in a variety of formats, assess, write clearly, speak effectively, and to use visual communication and communication technologies as appropriate. 4 6. Engaged and Ethical Local and Global citizens As local citizens our graduates will be aware of indigenous perspectives and of the nation’s historical context. They will be engaged with the challenges of contemporary society and with knowledge and ideas. We want our graduates to have respect for diversity, to be open-minded, sensitive to others and inclusive, and to be open to other cultures and perspectives: they should have a level of cultural literacy. Our graduates should be aware of disadvantage and social justice, and be willing to participate to help create a wiser and better society. 7. Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible We want our graduates to be aware of and have respect for self and others; to be able to work with others as a leader and a team player; to have a sense of connectedness with others and country; and to have a sense of mutual obligation. Our graduates should be informed and active participants in moving society towards sustainability. 8. Capable of Professional and Personal Judgement and Initiative We want our graduates to have emotional intelligence and sound interpersonal skills and to demonstrate discernment and common sense in their professional and personal judgement. They will exercise initiative as needed. They will be capable of risk assessment, and be able to handle ambiguity and complexity, enabling them to be adaptable in diverse and changing environments. 9. Commitment to Continuous Learning Our graduates will have enquiring minds and a literate curiosity which will lead them to pursue knowledge for its own sake. They will continue to pursue learning in their careers and as they participate in the world. They will be capable of reflecting on their experiences and relationships with others and the environment, learning from them, and growing - personally, professionally and socially. Part 3. Assessment in this unit Assessment at a glance Task Weight Due Date Linked Linked Brief Unit Graduate Description Outcomes Capabilitie s Definitions 5% 19/8 4 2,4 Definitions Assignment (Friday Week 3) Short paper 15% Wednesday 1, 5-7 1-4 Tutorial paper of relevant 5 week (2-13) Tutorial 10% N/A 1-4 5-7 Tutorial Participation Participation Definitions P/F 12/11 4 4 Definitions Reflection (Friday Week Reflection 13) Major Essay 30% 14/10 1-7 1-6 Major Essay (Friday Week 12) Exam 40% Exam period 1-7 2-6 Exam Assessment Tasks Definitions Assignment Weighting: 5% Due: 19 August In no more than 200 words, give your understanding of the terms ‘religion’, ‘pagan’, ‘Jew’, and ‘Christian’. Tell us how you understood these terms when you started the course, not after you heard the introductory lectures. It is not necessary to provide any references for these assignments, and we do not expect you to do any research for them: we simply wish to find out how what you think these terms mean. The mark for this assignment will largely be based on spelling, grammar, punctuation, syntax, and sentence construction. You will lose .25 of a mark for each error you make in these areas. Thus it is an exercise in proof reading and presentation, as well as an opportunity for you to consider how you understand what we will be studying this semester. Short Paper Weighting: 15% Due: Friday of the relevant week Choose one week from weeks 2-13. In no more than 600 words, address the ‘questions for discussion’ in that week’s study guide. Focus on the primary sources for each week and base you answers upon them. This does not mean you should ignore the modern literature listed in the study guide, but that the primary focus of the paper should be on your reactions to the ancient sources. In its presentation, style of referencing and bibliography, this paper should conform to the requirements for a major essay, see below. 6 Major Essay Weighting: 30% Due:14 October In no more than 2500 words, address one of the questions below. This is a maximum word limit, and essays which exceed it will not be viewed favourably, and will attract a 5% penalty for every 100 extra words after they pass 2750 (i.e. you are allowed to exceed by 10%, but try not to – if you reach 2850, you will be penalised). Extensions will be granted only in documented cases of misadventure or illness. Essays submitted late without prior applications for extension will attract a penalty of 2% of the mark per day they are late. It is important to base your essay on primary sources, and to compile your own list of up-to-date secondary reading. Do not pick a question which has too much ground to cover, and do not hesitate to approach the lecturer or tutor for guidance over your essay at any stage.
Recommended publications
  • RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great
    ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S.
    [Show full text]
  • Theology As Academic Discourse in Greco-Roman Late Antiquity1
    THEOLOGY AS ACADEMIC DISCOURSE IN GRECO-ROMAN 1 LATE ANTIQUITY Josef Lössl, Cardiff University ([email protected]) Abstract: Following conventional wisdom Theology as an academic discipline (taught at Universities) is something which developed only in the Middle Ages, or in a certain sense even as late as the 19th century. The present essay in contrast traces its origins to Classical Antiquity and outlines its development in early Christianity, especially with a view to institutions of higher education that existed in Late Antiquity, e. g. in rhetoric and philosophy. It concludes that there were forms of academic theological discourse in Late Antiquity which were to become the basis of later developments in the discipline. Introduction The title of this paper may seem problematic in the sense that Classical Antiquity knew neither an academic discipline called “theology”2 nor a secular institution of higher education that could be compared with what we understand by “university”.3 1 An earlier version of this paper was presented on 16 April 2013 at a symposium on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main. I thank the organi-sers of the symposium, in particular Prof. Dr. Knut Wenzel, for inviting me to speak on that occasion. 2 Of course, early Christian discourse as reflected in the extant literary remains of early Christianity is generally assumed to be, at least to a large part, also in some sense theology; for a discussion of this point see Chr. Markschies, Die kaiserzeitliche christliche Theologie und ihre Institutionen (Tübingen, 2009), now translated as Chr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought Greco-Roman
    This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 27 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought D. Jeffrey Bingham Greco-Roman Understanding of Christianity Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203864517.ch3 Paul Hartog Published online on: 21 Dec 2009 How to cite :- Paul Hartog. 21 Dec 2009, Greco-Roman Understanding of Christianity from: The Routledge Companion to Early Christian Thought Routledge Accessed on: 27 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203864517.ch3 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 23:14 27 Sep 2021; For: 9780203864517, chapter3, 10.4324/9780203864517.ch3 First published 2010 by Routledge 2 park square, milton park, abingdon, oxon oX14 4Rn simultaneously published in the usa and Canada by Routledge 270 madison ave., new york, ny 100016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Justifying Religious Freedom: the Western Tradition
    Justifying Religious Freedom: The Western Tradition E. Gregory Wallace* Table of Contents I. THESIS: REDISCOVERING THE RELIGIOUS JUSTIFICATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.......................................................... 488 II. THE ORIGINS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN EARLY CHRISTIAN THOUGHT ................................................................................... 495 A. Early Christian Views on Religious Toleration and Freedom.............................................................................. 495 1. Early Christian Teaching on Church and State............. 496 2. Persecution in the Early Roman Empire....................... 499 3. Tertullian’s Call for Religious Freedom ....................... 502 B. Christianity and Religious Freedom in the Constantinian Empire ................................................................................ 504 C. The Rise of Intolerance in Christendom ............................. 510 1. The Beginnings of Christian Intolerance ...................... 510 2. The Causes of Christian Intolerance ............................. 512 D. Opposition to State Persecution in Early Christendom...... 516 E. Augustine’s Theory of Persecution..................................... 518 F. Church-State Boundaries in Early Christendom................ 526 G. Emerging Principles of Religious Freedom........................ 528 III. THE PRESERVATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEDIEVAL AND REFORMATION EUROPE...................................................... 530 A. Persecution and Opposition in the Medieval
    [Show full text]
  • A Commentary on Jerome's Contra Vigilantium by Amy
    A COMMENTARY ON JEROME’S CONTRA VIGILANTIUM BY AMY HYE OH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Philology with a concentration in Medieval Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Danuta Shanzer Professor Ralph Mathisen Professor Jon Solomon Professor Stephan Heilan, University of Osnabrück ABSTRACT Innkeepers inspired this dissertation. After working on ‘innkeepers’ as a topic for a research seminar paper, I soon discovered that the term caupo counted as an insult according to several church fathers, including Jerome. In the Contra Vigilantium, Jerome mocked his enemy, Vigilantius, by calling him a caupo who mixed water with wine; I wondered whether the title was true and the insult was deserved. What remained was to figure out who this man was and why he mattered. The dissertation is comprised of four parts: introductory chapters, a text with an en face translation, a philological/historical commentary, and appendices. The first chapter introduces Vigilantius, discusses why a commentary of the Contra Vigilantium is needed, and provides a biography, supported by literary and historical evidence in response to the bolder and more fanciful account of W.S. Gilly.1 The second chapter treats Vigilantius as an exegete. From a sample of his exegesis preserved in Jerome’s Ep. 61, I determine that Jerome dismissed Vigilantius’ exegesis because he wanted to protect his own orthodoxy. The third chapter situates Vigilantius in the debate on relic worship. His position is valuable because he opposed most of his contemporaries, decrying relics instead of supporting their translation and veneration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Persecution of Christians in the First Century
    JETS 61.3 (2018): 525–47 THE PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS IN THE FIRST CENTURY ECKHARD J. SCHNABEL* Abstract: The Book of Acts, Paul’s letters, 1 Peter, Hebrews, and Revelation attest to nu- merous incidents of persecution, which are attested for most provinces of the Roman empire, triggered by a wide variety of causes and connected with a wide variety of charges against the fol- lowers of Jesus. This essay surveys the twenty-seven specific incidents of and general references to persecution of Christians in the NT, with a focus on geographical, chronological, and legal matters. Key words: persecution, mission, hostility, opposition, Jerusalem, Rome, Peter, Paul, Acts, Hebrews, Revelation This essay seeks to survey the evidence in the NT for instances of the perse- cution of Jesus’ earliest followers in their historical and chronological contexts without attempting to provide a comprehensive analysis of each incident. The Greek term diōgmos that several NT authors use, usually translated as “persecu- tion,”1 is defined as “a program or process designed to harass and oppress some- one.”2 The term “persecution” is used here to describe the aggressive harassment and deliberate ill-treatment of the followers of Jesus, ranging from verbal abuse, denunciation before local magistrates, initiating court proceedings to beatings, flog- ging, banishment from a city, execution, and lynch killings. I. PERSECUTION IN JUDEA, SYRIA, AND NABATEA (AD 30–38/40) 1. Persecution in Jerusalem, Judea (I). Priests in Jerusalem, the captain of the tem- ple, and Sadducees arrested the apostles Peter and John who spoke to a crowd of * Eckhard J.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Sixteen. the Christian Attack on Greco-Roman Culture, Ca. 135
    Chapter Sixteen The Christian Attack on GrecoRoman Culture. ca. 135 to 235 Over the course of about four hundred years, from the early second century to the early sixth, Greco-Roman civilization was replaced by Christendom. More precisely, the gods were replaced by God and by Satan. When all the other gods were driven from the field the sole remaining god ceased to be a common noun and became instead a proper name, AGod.@1 That sole remaining god was the god of the Judaeans and Christians. Satan was his diametrically opposed counterpart, the personification of Evil. The god of the Judaeans and Christians had begun in the southern Levant, during the Late Bronze Age, as Yahweh sabaoth (AYahweh of the armies@). He became the patron god of the Sons of Israel, and during the reigns of David and Solomon his cult-center was moved to Jerusalem in Judah. In the seventh century BC monolatrist priests and kings in Jerusalem made Yahweh the only god who could be worshiped in Judah and began addressing him as Adonai (Amy Lord@). For Hellenistic Judaeans he was Adonai in Hebrew, and in Greek was Kyrios (ALord@) or ho theos hypsistos (Athe highest god@). For the Pharisees and rabbis, who supposed that even the title Adonai was too holy to be uttered, he was simply ha-shem (Athe Name@). Among early Christians he was Athe Father@ or Aour Father,@ and in the fourth century he became AGod the Father,@ a title which distinguished him from AGod the Son.@ Although they addressed him with different terms, Judaeans and Christians agreed that they were invoking the same god,2 who had created the world, had wiped out almost all living things in Noah=s Flood, had been worshiped by all of Noah=s immediate descendants, but had then been forgotten by humankind until he made himself known to Abraham.
    [Show full text]
  • 27 Constantine.Key
    Roman Civilization 27: Constantine Administrative Stuf Paper III • Tesis and Topic Sentences: Due Now Midterm II • Tursday! Class website • htp://www.unm.edu/~cjdietz/romanciv/ • Updated. Administrative Stuf Paper III • Due: May 10, 5:30 p.m. Course Evaluations • Your feedback is requested. • You should have received an email from UNM. Check your email. Fall Semester: • Greek Civilization • MW 5:30-6:45 • Registration is open! • Tell your fiends! Questions? Te Dominate Starting with Diocletian Diocletian November 20, 284 - May 1, 305 Rise to Power • Born: December 2, 244 in Spalatum (Split, Croatia) • Emperor on November 20, 284 • Te Dominate (fr. Dominus) Te Dominate Starting with Diocletian Principate to Dominate • Imperator to Dominus • No longer concerned with any illusions of a republic • Dominus as divine • Proskynesis • Luxury palaces • Diocletian’s Palace Diocletian’s Palace, Split, Croatia Diocletian November 20, 284 - May 1, 305 Tetrarchy • Knew empire was too big to manage efectively • In 286, named Maximian co-emperor Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti Tetrarchy March 1, 293 Empire was too big to manage, even with two emperors • Tetrarchy = tetra + archy (cf. monarchy) • East • Augustus: Diocletian • Caesar: Galerius • West • Augustus: Maximian • Caesar: Constantius Te Tetrarchy Confusing Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti East West Augustus Diocletian Maximian Abdicated: May 1, 305 Abdicated: May 1, 305 Caesar Galerius Constantius Confusing Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti East West Augustus Galerius Constantius Died July 25, 306 Caesar
    [Show full text]
  • Apollonius of Tyana
    APOLLONIUS OF TYANA, IDENTIFIED AS THE CHRISTIAN JESUS. A WONDERFUL COMMUNICATION EXPLAINING HOW HIS LIFE AND TEACHINGS WERE UTILIZED TO FORMULATE CHRISTIANITY. PRICE 1.5 CENTS. PHILADELPHIA: ORIENTAL PUBLISHING CO., 1894 ANTIQUITY UNVEILED. THE MOST IMPORTANT REVELATIONS CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGIN OF APOLLONIU8 OF TYANA. The above engraving represents Apollonius of Tyana, the great sage and philosopher of the first century, whose life and teachings were appropriated and utilized by the originators of the Christian religion in the interests of so called Christianity. In the light of ANTIQUITY UNVEILED, it is clearly proved that In order to conceal the Identity of Apollonius and his teachings and insure the success of the plagiarism bis name was suppressed APOLtltOf{IlJS. Apollonlus of Tyana, the Jesus of Nazareth, St. Paul and John the Revelator, of the Christian Scriptures, Returns to Earth as a Spirit, and Explains the Myste- ries that have Concealed the Theological Deception of the Christian Hierarchy. Before entering upon this all absorbing subject, it is simply proper by way of explanation to inform the reader that previous to the date given below, Mr. Roberts had been having regular weekly sittings with the medium through whom these com­ munications were received, but in reference to the sitting on May 25th, 1881, Mr. Roberts records in his notes the following : "Having been informed who would next manifest through the medium, the time having arrived, I felt a thrill of astonishment and delight of the greatest intensity, and the very air of the humble apartment in which we sa.t seemed filled with a migQ.ty spiritual power, as the name of Apollonius ·of Tyana was announced, and we were greeted for the first time by the great Cappadocian sage and philosopher, as well as the greatest teacher and benefactor that ever drew to himself the love, admiration and reverence of the civillv.ed world,-Apollonius, the Spirit Anointed Christ of the Orient." His communica­ tion was as follows : " Let our salutation be, the survival of truth and its conquest of Superatition.
    [Show full text]
  • Tertullian's Ideal Christian
    TERTULLIAN’S IDEAL CHRISTIAN: The Ideals of Persecution and Martyrdom in the True Christian Life By Robert Mooney A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Religious Studies University of Alberta Robert Mooney, 2014 ii TERTULLIAN’S IDEAL CHRISTIAN: The Ideals of Persecution and Martyrdom in the True Christian Life ABSTRACT What mattered most to Tertullian was the fate of the Christian soul. During this early period in Christian history, the threat of persecution came to the forefront of Christian thought with a change in government leadership or opposition from other communities. To combat the fear of persecution and remain on the path towards salvation Tertullian saw a need for Christians to be distinct from other communities in Carthage. The development of this identity and why it may have been acceptable to the Carthaginian Christian community is the focus of this essay. To address Tertullian’s argument for the ideal Christian requires evidence to justify the ideal. Do events and attitudes from the past intertwine within the communities in Carthage and Africa during Tertullian’s life? Is Tertullian’s writing, much of which occurred between 196- 207 A.D.,1 consistent with the reports of past writers? This information would allow for a sympathetic look at his writing and intentions. The approach taken in this essay is to examine the development of Tertullian’s argument in six parts. The first will briefly examine the arrival of Christians in Africa and some of the influences on the adoption of a retributive Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Magny, Ariane Title: Porphyry in fragments : Eusebius, Jerome, Augustine and the problem of reconstruction General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. 1512330046 Porphyry in Fragments: Eusebius, Jerome, Augustine and the Problem of Reconstruction. Ariane Magny A dissertationsubmitted to the University of Bristol in accordancewith the requirementsfor awardof the degreeof PhD in the Facultyof Arts, Schoolof HumanitiesSeptember 20 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Philostratus's Apollonius
    PHILOSTRATUS’S APOLLONIUS: A CASE STUDY IN APOLOGETICS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE Andrew Mark Hagstrom A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies in the School of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Zlatko Pleše Bart Ehrman James Rives © 2016 Andrew Mark Hagstrom ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Andrew Mark Hagstrom: Philostratus’s Apollonius: A Case Study in Apologetics in the Roman Empire Under the direction of Zlatko Pleše My argument is that Philostratus drew on the Christian gospels and acts to construct a narrative in which Apollonius both resembled and transcended Jesus and the Apostles. In the first chapter, I review earlier scholarship on this question from the time of Eusebius of Caesarea to the present. In the second chapter, I explore the context in which Philostratus wrote the VA, focusing on the Severan dynasty, the Second Sophistic, and the struggle for cultural supremacy between Pagans and Christians. In the third chapter, I turn to the text of the VA and the Christian gospels and acts. I point out specific literary parallels, maintaining that some cannot be explained by shared genre. I also suggest that the association of the Egyptian god Proteus with both Philostratus’s Apollonius and Jesus/Christians is further evidence for regarding VA as a polemical response to the Christians. In my concluding chapter, I tie the several strands of my argument together to show how they collectively support my thesis.
    [Show full text]