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Informe Final De Investigacion

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Informe Final De Investigacion 1 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS ESCUELA DE ESTUDIOS DE POSTGRADO MAESTRÍA EN ECONOMÍA AMBIENTAL Y DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES “ENSAYO METODOLÓGICO PARA LA VALORACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE LAS AVES SILVESTRES, ESTUDIO DE CASO A PARTIR DEL ANÁLISIS DE LAS ESPECIES COMERCIALIZADAS POR LOS HOGARES DE LA CIUDAD CAPITAL DE GUATEMALA DURANTE EL PERÍODO 2004-2008” EDWIN ROLANDO GARCÍA CAAL Guatemala, marzo de 2010 2 3 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS ESCUELA DE ESTUDIOS DE POSTGRADO MAESTRÍA EN ECONOMÍA AMBIENTAL Y DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES “ENSAYO METODOLÓGICO PARA LA VALORACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE LAS AVES SILVESTRES, ESTUDIO DE CASO A PARTIR DEL ANÁLISIS DE LAS ESPECIES COMERCIALIZADAS POR LOS HOGARES DE LA CIUDAD CAPITAL DE GUATEMALA DURANTE EL PERIODO 2004-2008” Informe Final de Tesis para la obtención del Grado de Maestro en Ciencias, con base en el “Normativo de Tesis para Optar al Grado de Maestro en Ciencias” aprobado por la Junta Directiva de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, el 14 de julio de 2009. Asesor de Tesis: Doctor Ir. Robert A. Schipper Departament of Social Sciences, Wageningen University Holanda Edwin Rolando García Caal Guatemala, marzo de 2010 4 5 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS HONORABLE JUNTA DIRECTIVA DECANO Lic. José Rolando Secaida Morales SECRETARIO Lic. Carlos Roberto Cabrera Morales VOCAL 1º. Lic. Msc. Albaro Joel Girón Barahona VOCAL 2º. Lic. Mario Leonel Perdomo Salguero VOCAL 3º. Lic. Juan Antonio Gómez Monterroso VOCAL 4º. P. C. Edgar Arnoldo Quiché Chiyal VOCAL 5º. P.C. José Antonio Vielman JURADO EXAMINADOR QUE PRACTICÓ EL EXAMEN PRIVADO DE TESIS SEGÚN EL ACTA CORRESPONDIENTE Presidente: Lic. MAI. Santiago Alfredo Urbizo Guzmán Secretario: Ing. MF. Orlando Roberto Monzón Girón Examinador: Licda. Msc. Magali Arrecis Asesor de Tesis: Doctor Ir. Robert A. Schipper 6 7 DECANATO DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS. GUATEMALA, QUINCE DE JULIO DE DOS MIL DIEZ. Con base en el punto QUINTO, inciso 5.1 del Acta 11-2010 de la sesión celebrada por la Junta Directiva de la Facultad el 8 de julio de 2010, se conoció el Acta de la Escuela de Estudios de Postgrado No. 04-2010 de aprobación del Examen Privado de Tesis, de fecha 2 de junio de 2010 y el trabajo de Tesis de Maestría en Economía Ambiental y de los Recursos Naturales denominado: “ENSAYO METODOLÓGICO PARA LA VALORACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE LAS AVES SILVESTRES, ESTUDIO DE CASO A PARTIR DEL ANÁLISIS DE LAS ESPECIES COMERCIALIZADAS POR LOS HOGARES DE LA CIUDAD CAPITAL DE GUATEMALA DURANTE EL PERIODO 2004-2008”, que para su graduación profesional presentó el Licenciado EDWIN ROLANDO GARCÍA CAAL, autorizándose su impresión. 8 9 10 11 12 15 14 13 Agradecimientos A DIOS Con total gratitud por los milagros de los que he sido testigo durante estos años de estudio y trabajo. Gracias le doy por lo que hoy soy. A MI FAMILIA Mi mamá Rosita y mi mamita Cande. Bezaida, Jonatan y Sidny. Gracias por dejarme caminar, ya que eso significó 3 años de sacrificios de parte de ustedes. Edna, Henry, Sara y Carlos mi respeto y agradecimiento. Hugo, Miriam, Flor, Susan, Alex, David, Heidy, Javier, Jeison, Axel, que Dios los cuide y los bendiga siempre con buenos ejemplos en su camino. Seño Tita, Profesor Alberto, Heber, Sandy, Raúl, Susan, Celsy, José Raúl, gracias por los momentos compartidos. AL SEÑOR DECANO José Rolando Secaida Morales y a la Junta Directiva de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Muy agradecido por otorgar el financiamiento para las actividades de campo de esta investigación. Muy especialmente al Licenciado David Castañón por gestionar todos los aspectos de la maestría, lo que significó tiempo, esfuerzo y dedicación adicionales. Un esfuerzo altamente reconocido. A LA ESCUELA De Estudios de Postgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y a la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Especialmente al Licenciado Luis Arnoldo Borrayo por sus gestiones; a los profesionales que practicaron el examen privado de tesis, gracias por su oportuno apoyo, especialmente la intervención del Licenciado Santiago Urbizo coordinador de la Maestría de Proyectos y a la Licenciada Magaly Arrecis por sus conocimientos profesionales de Biología. Al cuerpo docente proveniente de Guatemala, Holanda, Costa Rica y Chile, especialmente al Ingeniero Orlando Monzón por ayudarme a resolver el dilema econométrico en los resultados de la investigación, muy agradecido. Igual reconocimiento al Doctor Rafael A. Díaz y al Lic. Gerardo Jiménez Porras de Costa Rica, por su asesoría muy oportuna. Al Dr. Robert Schipper de Holanda, fue un honor tenerlo como asesor de tesis, gracias por la dedicación demostrada durante todo el proceso de investigación. A todos mis compañeros de promoción quiero decirles que aprendí de lo que decían y de lo que hacían. A Celene, Jorge y Sergio total agradecimiento por su amistad y apoyo. AL EQUIPO DEL IARNA Especialmente al Ingeniero Juventino Gálvez por otorgar el financiamiento para los pagos de matrícula durante los 6 trimestres de la carrera y al Arquitecto Juan Pablo Castañeda porque sin sus gestiones y pro actividad los estudios de esta maestría no hubieran sido posibles para mí. Gracias por involucrarse en todos los procesos, inclusive como docente de la maestría. 16 17 VALORACIÓN ECONÓMICA DE LAS AVES SILVESTRES CONTENIDO (No. Página) RESUMEN ..................................................................................................... i INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................... i 1. ANTECEDENTES .................................................................................... 1 2. MARCO TEÓRICO ................................................................................... 5 2.1 Inventario y distribución de las especies reportadas en el país ............................................... 5 2.2 Situación del mercado y razones para el comercio de aves .................................................... 8 2.3 Elementos que motivan el estudio del mercado de aves ....................................................... 12 2.4 Aspectos teóricos útiles para entender el valor económico ................................................... 14 2.5 El Método de valoración contingente ...................................................................................... 16 2.6 Caracterización del área de estudio ....................................................................................... 22 3. METODOLOGÍA ..................................................................................... 25 3.1 Preguntas de investigación ..................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Aplicación de la técnica de muestreo por etapas ................................................................... 26 3.3 Aplicación de la encuesta ....................................................................................................... 35 3.4 Resumen de la estrategia metodológica ................................................................................ 36 4. RESULTADOS ....................................................................................... 39 4.1 Descripción de los datos ......................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Aspectos adicionales de la encuesta: demanda potencial ..................................................... 44 5. ANÁLISIS ............................................................................................... 47 5.1 Análisis de la información a partir de los datos de la especie loros ....................................... 47 5.2 Cálculo de la curva de demanda de loros .............................................................................. 54 5.3 Disposición a pagar para la protección de los loros in situ ..................................................... 57 5.4 Análisis de los mercados para palomas, pericas y canarios .................................................. 63 5.5 Análisis del DAP para palomas, pericas y canarios ............................................................... 65 CONCLUSIONES ....................................................................................... 69 RECOMENDACIONES .............................................................................. 73 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......................................................................................... 75 ANEXOS ..................................................................................................... 83 18 ÍNDICE DE CUADROS Cuadro 1. Taxones de las aves de Guatemala 2008 .......................................................................... 5 Cuadro 2. Especies amenazadas a nivel mundial presentes en Guatemala (lista Birdlife internacional 2004) .............................................................................................................................. 8 Cuadro 3. Especies cinegéticas en el país, por familia ...................................................................... 9 Cuadro 4. Decomisos de fauna durante 2007 en la República de Guatemala ................................. 12 Cuadro 5. Extensión territorial y población de la ciudad capital de Guatemala ................................ 28 Cuadro 6. Población del municipio de Guatemala, área urbana, según local de habitación ........... 29 Cuadro 7. Rangos de la disposición a pagar a partir de la encuesta piloto .....................................
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