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Cyb Template 2012 Maldives The islands are divided into 20 administrative tiny fire goby to the harmless plankton-eating units, called atolls (although they do not whale shark which can reach 12 metres in necessarily correspond to geographical atolls). length. On land there are breeding colonies Each is known by a letter in the Maldivian of frigate birds and noddies, which local alphabet in addition to its geographical fishermen follow to find schools of tuna. name. Huvadhu Atoll, for example, is divided Main towns: Malé (capital, on Malé Atoll, into two administrative units: Gaafu Alifu and pop. 133,019 in 2014) is the only sizeable Gaafu Dhaalu. town; other settlements are Hithadhu (Seenu, Area: While the land area is only an 9,894), Foammulah (Gnaviyani, 8,055), estimated 298 sq km, the country’s total area Kulhudhuffushi (Haa Dhaalu, 8,011), Thinadhu of land and sea is some 90,000 sq km. (Gaafu Dhaalu, 4,707), Naifaru (Lhaviyani, Topography: Huvadhu Atoll to the south is 3,844) and Ugufaaru (Raa, 1,401), where the the largest true atoll formation in the world administrative units are in the brackets. and has a lagoon of 2,240 sq km. Most of Transport: Few of the islands take longer the islands are very small and rise no higher than 30 minutes to cross on foot. Motor than two metres above sea level. The islands scooters are the favoured method of are surrounded by coral reefs but some, mechanical transport on Malé. There are a especially those furthest from the windward total of 88 km of paved road. reefs, are liable to erosion. Some islands are There are boat and seaplane services additionally protected by breakwaters. The between islands during daylight hours. Boat capital, Malé, is only 1.8 sq km. There is a services include traditional small (motor- land reclamation project on Malé Atoll. powered) boats called dhonis and speed Distinctive features of Maldives are its white boats. With the increase in tourism, glass- beaches and crystal clear lagoons. There are bottomed boats for viewing coral reef and no hills, mountains or rivers. marine life, and vessels for fishing trips, One of the most violent earthquakes ever diving and other water sports transport, have recorded occurred on 26 December 2004 in become common. the Indian Ocean west of Sumatra and Malé International Airport is on the island of generated a tsunami that devastated the Hulhule, 2 km from the capital; there is a islands, causing about 100 deaths. frequent boat service linking airport and Climate: Maldives has a hot tropical climate. capital. The national airline operates regular The rainy south-west monsoon season is services to airstrips in the outer atolls. KEY FACTS April–October; the north-east monsoon from Seaplanes and helicopters are also used to December–March. Average annual rainfall is Joined Commonwealth: 1982 transfer tourists to resorts. 1,654 mm. The temperature ranges between Population: 345,000 (2013) 25°C and 30°C, but generally stays around Society GDP p.c. growth: 5.8% p.a. 1990–2011 the average 27°C. Gales occur during the monsoon. In May 1991, abnormal tidal KEY FACTS 2013 UN HDI 2014: World ranking 103 waters caused great damage through the Population per sq km: 1,158 Official language: Dhivehi archipelago. Life expectancy: 78 years Time: GMT plus 5 hrs Environment: The most significant issues Net primary enrolment: 94% (2009) Currency: Maldivian rufiyaa (MRf) are: depletion of freshwater aquifers threatening water supplies; global warming Population: 345,000 (2013); 43 per cent of Geography and sea level rise; and coral reef bleaching. people live in urban areas, mostly in Malé, which was in the mid-1990s doubled in area Vegetation: There is dense growth of Area: 298 sq km by land reclamation; growth 2.0 per cent p.a. coconut palms, breadfruit, screwpines and 1990–2013; birth rate 22 per 1,000 people Coastline: 644 km lesser vegetation on many islands although (40 in 1970); life expectancy 78 years (50 in Capital: Malé the soil lacks nutrients. Forest covers three 1970). per cent of the land area and there was no The Republic of Maldives lies in the Indian significant loss of forest cover during Language: The national language is Dhivehi, Ocean, some 670 km west-south-west of Sri 1990–2011. which has been most strongly influenced by Lanka. The 1,190 coral islands, 200 of which Sinhala and Arabic. English is widely spoken. are inhabited, occur on a double chain of 26 Wildlife: Coral reefs support an abundance coral atolls. The archipelago is 823 km long of marine life. There are over 200 species of Religion: Predominantly Sunni Muslims; and 130 km at its widest. coral and over 1,000 species of fish, from the Islam is the state religion. The CoMMonwealTh Yearbook 2015 Maldives Health: Public spending on health was four There is a growing number of private radio Real growth in GDP per cent of GDP in 2012. Some 99 per cent and TV providers. % of the population uses an improved drinking % 8 Some 95 per cent of households have TV sets 7 water source and 99 per cent have access to (2010). There are 420 personal computers 6 adequate sanitation facilities (2012). Infant per 1,000 people (2010). 5 mortality was eight per 1,000 live births in 4 2013 (180 in 1960). Malaria has been Communications: Country code 960; 3 practically eradicated and diarrhoeal diseases internet domain ‘.mv’. There are public 2 g 1 phones and post offices on most of the have been considerably reduced. 0 islands. Mobile phone coverage and internet Education: Public spending on education -1 access is good. -2 was 5.9 per cent of GDP in 2013. There are For every 1,000 people there are 65 landlines, -3 seven years of compulsory education starting -4 at the age of six. Primary school comprises 1,812 mobile phone subscriptions and 441 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 seven years and secondary five, with cycles of internet users (2013). three and two years. All administrative atolls Public holidays: New Year’s Day, Inflation have government primary schools and an Independence Day (26 July, usually celebrated % 15 education centre providing education for all over two days) and Republic Day (11 age groups. Most of the many private schools November). 12 receive state subsidies and are run by the The opening day of the Citizens’ Majlis community. The school year starts in January. (announced by the Majlis each year) is also a 9 The Maldives National University was public holiday. National Day (in January or established in 1999, with its main campus in February), The Day Maldives Embraced Islam 6 Malé (as Maldives College of Higher (February or March) and Victory Day (October Education), to provide post-secondary or November) are generally recognised as 3 education leading to diplomas and bachelor’s holidays. The weekend is Friday–Saturday. 0 degrees. It was inaugurated as a university in Religious festivals whose dates vary from year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 February 2011. The College of Islamic to year include Prophet’s Birthday, First Day of Studies, in Malé, offers continuing education, Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan, three GDP by sector (2013) diploma and degree courses in Islamic days), Hajj Day, Eid al-Adha (Feast of the studies; the Centre for Higher Secondary Sacrifice, three days) and Islamic New Year. Education, in Malé, offers GCE A-Level Agriculture courses for those aiming to attend 3.9% universities abroad; and the Centre for Economy Industry Continuing Education, in Malé, is a KEY FACTS 2013 14.5% professional institute with a mandate to GNI: US$2.0bn Services improve the quality of teaching and learning 81.6% GNI p.c.: US$5,600 in Maldives. Traditionally all students attended higher education institutions GDP growth: 2.9% p.a. 2009–13 (especially clothing) – with well-directed social overseas but, as numbers of secondary school Inflation: 7.5% p.a. 2009–13 expenditure on education, health and leavers have risen, the government has Maldives is disadvantaged by its small size, providing essential social infrastructure to the expanded the tertiary sector within the the thin scattering of human settlement outer islands. country. Vocational training is available in across atolls spread over hundreds of health sciences, teaching, and hotel and The country does, however, face longer-term kilometres of ocean, its distance from centres catering skills. The female–male ratio for constraints through erosion of the friable of economic activity and the poverty of its gross enrolment in tertiary education is coral rock of which the islands are built, coralline soils. 1.10:1 (2008). Literacy among people aged caused by construction and population 15–24 is 99 per cent (2006). The country has benefited from the support pressure. Climate change resulting in rising of wealthy Muslim countries, but its steady sea level and greater climatic instability also Media: The leading Dhivehi dailies are progress is attributed mainly to its social and gives cause for concern as the country is very Haveeru and Miadhu . Both post daily online economic stability. Since the late 1980s, low-lying. news bulletins in English. economic policies have combined a liberal Nonetheless, it has achieved high and steady The Maldives National Broadcasting economic and investment regime – focused rates of growth over a relatively long period, Corporation provides public services. The first on tourism, fishing (notably skipjack tuna), based mainly on tourism. GDP grew by 7.8 private radio station was launched in 2007. and a growing manufacturing sector per cent p.a. 1989–99. In the 2000s, growth initially slowed in response to the Maldives on the international stage international climate, but picked up again in 2002, becoming strong in 2002–04.
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