Public Disclosure Authorized Mobilizing Parliamentarians for Development

Conference Report Public Disclosure Authorized June 11-13, 2005 Vienna, Austria Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Co-organized by Austrian Development Cooperation and The World Bank

The World Bank

Mobilizing Parliamentarians for Development

Conference Report

June 11-13, 2005 Vienna, Austria

©2005 Development Policy Dialogue Team, External Affairs Europe Photos: Frank Helmrich/TRIMEDIA Fabien Marry, The World Bank Cover Design: Jean-Michel Gillet, The World Bank

The World Bank Paris Office 66, avenue d’Iéna 75116 Paris FRANCE Internet: www.worldbank.org/parliamentarians E-mail: [email protected]

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the Governments they represent. Table of Contents

List of Acronyms ...... 7

Executive Summary ...... 9 Saturday, June 11, 2005

Keynote Address ...... 11 Opening Dinner Hosted by the Austrian Ministry of Finance Moderator: Vinay K. Bhargava, Director, International Affairs, The World Bank Welcoming Remarks: Kurt Bayer, Deputy Director General for Economic Policy and International Affairs, Austrian Ministry of Finance, and Alternate World Bank Governor for Austria Keynote Address:. Eveline Herfkens, UN Secretary-General's Executive Coordinator of the Millennium Development Goals Campaign Sunday, June 12, 2005

Welcoming Remarks ...... 13 Speaker: Ambassador Dr. Irene Freudenschuss-Reichl, Director General, Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mobilizing Parliamentarians for the Millennium Development Goals...... 15 Chair: Petra Bayr, MP (Austria), Chair, Subcommittee on Development Speakers: Zia Qureshi, Senior Adviser, Global Monitoring Secretariat, The World Bank Shiv Kharé, Executive Director, Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD) – How parliamentarians’ contributions to the legislative process are advancing health related Millenium Development Goals in Asia Aimé Damiba, Coordinator, Forum Africain des Parlementaires pour l’Education (FAPED) – Working with parliamentarians to achieve universal primary education in Africa

Showcase Session ...... 18

Special Presentation on the Helsinki Process: What Role for Parliamentarians in a New Global Governance Framework? ...... 21 Chair: Mats Karlsson, Country Director for Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone, The World Bank Speakers: Heidi Hautala, MP (Finland), Helsinki Process, Track One Group Ilari Rantakari, Ambassador for the Helsinki Process, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland

Special Presentation on the Parliamentary Network on the World Bank ...... 23 Chair: Ian Goldin, Vice President for External Affairs, Communications and United Nations Affairs, The World Bank Speaker: Bert Koenders, MP (The Netherlands), Chair, Parliamentary Network on the World Bank (PNoWB)

How the World Bank and Parliamentarians Work Together ...... 25 Chair: Kurt Bayer, Deputy Director General for Economic Policy and International Affairs, Austrian Ministry of Finance

Speakers: Ivar Slengesol, Communications Associate, Development Policy Dialogue, The World Bank- Policy Dialogue with Parliamentarians Mats Karlsson, Country Director for Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone, The World Bank – Interaction with Parliamentarians at the Country Level Hon. Norbert Mao, MP (Uganda), PNoWB Board Member, Chair, East Africa Chapter Hon. Denis Marshall, QSO, Secretary General, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) – Professional Development and Capacity Building for Parliamentarians Nicholas Dunlop, Secretary-General, e-Parliament – Sharing Ideas and Policy Advice Kimmo Sasi, MP (Finland) Chairman of the Sub-Committee on International Economic Relations, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe – Oversight of International Financial Institutions

Parallel Breakout Session: Mobilizing Parliamentarians on HIV/AIDS and Health...... 29 Chair: Tony Worthington, Board Member, PNoWB Speakers: Debrework Zewdie, Director, Global HIV/AIDS Program, The World Bank Ousmane Sane, Executive Director, JurisAIDS Neil Datta, Secretary, Inter-European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development (IEPFPD) Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa, Secretary General, SADC Parliamentary Forum

Parallel Breakout Session: Mobilizing Parliamentarians on Governance and Anti- corruption ...... 33 Chair: Prof. Dr. Thomas A. Bauer, Institute for Communication and Media Studies, University of Vienna Speakers: Congresswoman Ana Elena Townsend Diez-Canseco (Peru), Chair, Latin American Parliamentarians Against Corruption Vinay K. Bhargava, Director, International Affairs, The World Bank Cosma Gatere, Communications Specialist, Country Office for Kenya, Eritrea and Somalia, The World Bank John Williams, MP (Canada), Chair, Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC)

Dialogue on Participation ...... 37 Chair: Mag. Ulrike Lunacek, MP (Austria), Vice-President of the Foreign Affairs Committee Speaker: Caroline Kende-Robb, Sector Manager, Social Development, The World Bank Discussant: Robert Chambers, Research Associate, Participation Group, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex Monday, June 13, 2005

Roundtable with Bilateral Agencies - Why support Parliamentary Programs? ...... 39 Chair: Robert Zeiner, Director of Programs and Projects, Austrian Development Agency Speakers: Sam Biesemans, Advisor on EU Development Policies, Belgian Development Cooperation John Lobsinger, Senior Policy Analyst, Democracy and Governance, Democratic Institutions and Conflict Division Policy Branch, CIDA 4

Keith Schulz, Legislative Strengthening Advisor, Governance Division, Office of Democracy and Governance, U.S. Agency for International Development Martha Gutierrez, Head of Project, Democratisation and Rule of Law, Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Discussant: Marc Cassidy, SUNY-Kenya - Lessons learned

Roundtable with Multilateral Organizations - Including Parliamentarians in the Global Development Debate ...... 43 Chair: Ambassador Dr. Irene Freudenschuss-Reichl, Director General, Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs Speakers: Michaela Schrader, External Relations Department, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku, Senior Governance Expert, Operations Policies and Review Department, African Development Bank (AfDB) Abel Rwendeire, Managing Director, Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Asger Ryhl, Chief, UNFPA Nordic Office

Special Presentation on the Commission for Africa ...... 47 Chair: Ian Goldin, Vice President for External Affairs, Communications and United Nations Affairs, The World Bank Speaker: Myles Wickstead, Head of Secretariat, Commission for Africa

Wrap-up Session: The Way Ahead ...... 49 Chair: Jean-Christophe Bas, Development Policy Dialogue Manager, The World Bank Speakers: Martha Gutierrez, Head of Project, Democratisation and Rule of Law, Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Zuleikha Salim Said, Coordinator, Parliamentary Network on the World Bank (PNoWB) Shiv Kharé, Executive Director, Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD) James Ketterer, Director, Center for International Development, State University of New York (SUNY/CID)

Closing Remarks ...... 53 Speakers: Hon. Peter Schieder, MP (Austria), Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee Ian Goldin, Vice President for External Affairs, Communications and United Nations Affairs, The World Bank

Appendix 1: List of Conference Participants ...... 57

Appendix 2: List of Internet Resources ...... 63

5

List of Acronyms ACP-EU African Caribbean Pacific - European Union Joint Parliamentary Assembly AfDB African Development Bank AFD Agence française de développement AFPPD Asian Forum of Parliamentarians for Population and Development AGEZ Arbeitsgemeinschaft Entwicklungszusammenarbeit AIPU Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union APF Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie AWEPA European Parliamentarians for Africa CAS Country Assistance Strategy CDF Comprehensive Development Framework CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CPA Commonwealth Parliamentary Association DAC Development Assistance Committee DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) EALA East African Legislative Assembly ECDPM European Centre for Development Policy Management ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EU European Union FAAPPD Forum of African and Arab Parliamentarians on Population and Development FAPED Forum Africain des Parlementaires pour l’Education et le Développement GDP Gross Domestic Product GLOBE Global Legislators’ Organization for a Balanced Environment GMR Global Monitoring Report GOPAC Global Organizations of Parliamentarians Against Corruption GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IAPG Inter-American Parliamentary Group on Population and Development IDA International Development Association IDEA International Institute for Democracy and Election Assistance IEPFPD Inter-European Parliamentary Forum on Development IFI International Financial Institution IMF International Monetary Fund IPI International Press Institute IPPF International Planned Parenthood Federation IPU International Parliamentary Union ITC International Trade Center

7

LAPAC Latin American Parliamentarians Against Corruption MAP Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program MDGs Millennium Development Goals MP Member of Parliament NATO-PA North Atlantic Treaty Organization Parliamentary Assembly NDI National Democratic Institute NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non-Governmental Organization OAS Organization of American States ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OSCE-PA Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly PACE Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe PGA Parliamentarians for Global Action PNoWB Parliamentary Network on the World Bank PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRSC Poverty Reduction Strategy Credit PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper SADC Southern African Development Community SUNY/CID State University of New York/ Center for International Development UNAIDS Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Education, Science, and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research USAID United States Agency for International Development WBI World Bank Institute WTO World Trade Organization

8

Executive Summary BACKGROUND & RATIONALE

The ‘Mobilizing Parliamentarians for Development’ conference brought together parliamentarians and heads of staff representing 25 parliamentary organizations and assemblies, along with multilateral organizations, bilateral agencies, think tanks, foundations and institutes, in Vienna on June 11-13, 2005. The conference was co-organized by Austrian Development Cooperation and the World Bank.

The impetus for this conference came out of an informal meeting of 18 representatives of parliamentary organizations with the World Bank, and former World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn, in Paris in February 2004 at the occasion of the Fifth Annual Conference of the Parliamentary Network on the World Bank (PNoWB). Participants expressed strong interest in developing closer and more regular interaction with the World Bank and with each other. Building on the constructive outcomes of this first meeting, the ‘Mobilizing Parliamentarians for Development’ conference was organized as a larger, more inclusive meeting to assess progress and explore opportunities for future cooperation.

The ‘Mobilizing Parliamentarians for Development’ conference tackled a broad range of development-related issues. Despite the breadth of perspectives represented by conference participants, a common agenda emerged during discussions, leading participants to agree to cooperate more closely and to form an informal alliance for development.

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS

A common conviction united the diverse participants assembled in Vienna: parliamentarians play a crucial role in development and the fight against poverty. In developing countries, as elected representatives, parliamentarians can speak on behalf of poor people who are both affected by, and benefit from, foreign aid. As legislators, they can champion economic and social reform and promote good governance. In donor countries MPs have the tremendous responsibility of allocating foreign aid and shaping the debate and policy choices on development priorities.

In order to help parliamentarians fulfill their critical role in development, participants advocated the creation of an informal alliance for development. This alliance should serve as a clearinghouse for information on member organizations’ initiatives and activities. The alliance should promote synergies among member organizations, encourage collaborative action and provide special opportunities for knowledge sharing and information exchange between alliance members and the World Bank. Gathered below is a list of recommendations made during the conference, organized under the six “I’s” used to frame the conference discussions during the wrap-up session.

Information • Establish a “clearinghouse” to share information on work programs and upcoming activities. • Share best practices. • Promote an expanded research agenda on parliamentary capacity and the role of parliamentarians in development. • Share information on donor priorities and sources of funding among member organizations. • Raise the issue of parliaments in other forums such as the OECD governance network. Interaction • Facilitate inter-parliamentary networking using online tools.

9

• Link parliamentary organizations and assemblies to relevant interlocutors in multilateral organizations and bi-lateral agencies. • Develop good practice guidelines for interaction between World Bank country offices and parliamentarians. • Encourage regional consultations with parliamentarians with broader participation from regionally-focused and thematically-focused networks and organizations not present in Vienna. • Hold an annual or bi-annual meeting of alliance members. • Engage parliamentary staff. Impact • Encourage improved coordination and harmonization. • Support joint action and campaigns. • Continue to support capacity building for parliamentarians. • Continue to build and encourage the creation of thematic or professional networks of parliamentarians (doctors, lawyers, teachers, etc). Implementation • Explore the creation of a fund for parliamentary development, similar to World Bank support for public sector financial management systems. • Promote parliamentary involvement in the PRSP process and encourage parliamentary feedback on World Bank financed projects. • Continue to look at ways to measure the capacity of parliaments and explore the creation of indicators. • Following the international agenda, support initiatives such as progress reports on the MDGs to be debated in national parliaments. Inclusiveness • Reach out to all groups working with parliamentarians on development related questions. • Build cooperation with regional groupings with similar interests and goals, such as NEPAD. Informality • Support the loose, informal nature of the alliance of parliamentary organizations and assemblies.

10

Saturday, June 11, 2005

Keynote Address Opening Dinner Hosted by the Austrian Ministry of Finance Moderator: Vinay K. Bhargava, Director, International Affairs, The World Bank Welcoming Remarks: Kurt Bayer, Deputy Director General for Economic Policy and International Affairs, Austrian Ministry of Finance, and Alternate World Bank Governor for Austria Keynote Address: Eveline Herfkens, UN Secretary-General's Executive Coordinator of the Millennium Development Goals Campaign

Vinay Bhargava welcomed participants and introduced Kurt Bayer. In his former position as Executive Director at the World Bank, Mr. Bayer took great interest Vinay Bhargava, in stakeholder consultation The World Bank processes, and the participation of legislators, particularly during the preparation of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) or Country Assistance Strategies (CAS.) He has been pleased to see increased involvement of Eveline Herfkens, UN MDGs Campaign parliamentarians. He described the Keynote speaker Eveline Herfkens Parliamentary Network on the World Bank explained how the Millennium Development (PNoWB) as an example of best practice - a Goals (MDGs) are relevant to legislators’ “leading networking exercise” which can agendas in both developed and developing broaden stakeholder consultation and involve countries. She encouraged parliamentarians to legislators in development. take up the MDGs in their campaign platforms and underscored the fact that it is the shared Mr. Bayer emphasized responsibility of rich and poor countries to that parliamentarians in achieve the MDGs. This “global deal” donor countries not only establishes concrete, time-bound and push governments to raise measurable goals with specific benchmarks for their levels of Official progress. For developing country legislators, Development Assistance achieving the first seven goals will have a (ODA), but also serve as direct, positive impact on the lives of their “amplifiers” who can constituents. Kurt Bayer, generate support for Austrian Ministry of development cooperation The UN is only a platform for discussion, and Finance among the general cannot enforce commitments made by population. He pointed to member governments. Only national a recent Organization for Economic legislatures can hold governments accountable Cooperation and Development (OECD) for their promises. Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Ms. Herfkens praised PNoWB’s peer review of Austria which urged closer Parliamentarians' Implementation Watch which engagement with the Austrian parliament on recognizes the interrelated nature of the development questions. The ‘Mobilizing MDGs. For example, if teachers are dying of Parliamentarians for Development’ conference AIDS, combating the spread of the disease is a is a positive step in this direction. way to ensure progress in achieving universal

11

primary education. Ms. Herfkens also made a • Promote trade for development. special plea for the gender equality goal as Parliamentarians should lead the reform of none of the goals can be achieved without the agricultural policies in rich countries. inclusion of women as equal partners. Subsidizing agricultural goods leads to wasteful dumping that does not Ms. Herfkens suggested specific actions that accomplish any worthwhile political goals. parliamentarians can take: Indeed, the bulk of the $300 billion in rich • Require government representatives to country agricultural subsidies supports big appear before parliament or relevant agribusiness committees prior to all WB/IMF Annual • Improve governance. Parliamentarians Meetings, WTO meetings, and UN General worldwide need to fight corruption and Assembly sessions. initiate public administration reform. • Increase aid. Rich country parliament- Ms. Herfkens concluded by noting that in arians should review and debate progress advance of the September 2005 United reports on MDG 8. Parliamentarians on Nations Summit it is clear that the global budget committees should demand annual community is late—there is a need to increases to keep ODA in line with drastically scale up action on the MDGs and to projections needed to meet the MDGs. break the “business as usual” mindset. The recent agreement among EU member Parliamentary scrutiny can help ensure that states to raise their ODA to 0.7 % of GDP these commitments are kept. by 2015 to coincide with the deadline for

fulfillment of the MDGs is a positive step. • Improve quality of aid. Parliamentarians Millennium Development Goals should demand that aid is focused on sectors that are relevant to achieving the 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger MDGs. For example, the large amounts of aid that go to provide scholarships for 2. Achieve universal primary education students from poor countries to attend 3. Promote gender equality and empower universities abroad do almost nothing to women improve the quality of primary education. 4. Reduce child mortality Harmonization is also important in the effort to improve aid quality. There is no 5. Improve maternal health reason why a country like Tanzania should 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other have to endure hosting 2000 visiting aid diseases agency missions per year, each with their 7. Ensure environmental sustainability own requirements, conditions, and agendas. 8. Develop a global partnership for development • Provide debt relief. A recent MDG 8 alert was sent to parliamentarians on the For more information on the United Nations seriousness of the debt issue. While the Millennium Development Goals Campaign, please visit http://www.millenniumcampaign.org agreement on debt relief reached by the G8 is encouraging, parliamentarians should carefully examine the fine print.

“We are the first generation that can eradicate poverty. The knowledge and resources to end poverty exist — only political will is lacking.” — Eveline Herfkens

12

Sunday, June 12, 2005

Welcoming Remarks Speaker: Ambassador Dr. Irene Freudenschuss-Reichl, Director General, Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Ambassador Dr. Irene defines three main goals: combating poverty; Freudenschuss- Reichl securing peace and human security; and welcomed participants protecting the environment. These goals are saying that Austrian pursued in the context of sustainable Development Cooper- development of partner countries. Austria also ation was delighted to follows a policy of concentration, focusing aid co-host a conference on a small group of countries for higher impact, that sought to explore such as the Southwest Balkans. Austria will Amb. Dr. how participants could hold the Presidency of the European Union in Freudenschuss- work together to help the first half of 2006. The follow-up to the Reichl, Austrian legislators make real MDG+5 review; the end review of the Ministry for Foreign and effective contribu- Contonou 9th European Development Fund; Affairs tions to enhancing and the implementation of the first general development cooperation. comprehensive European policy for Africa will fall under their presidency. Austria looks She analyzed the ongoing shift in development forward to working with interested groups, cooperation from a voluntary system towards including parliamentarians, to promote one that emphasizes greater ‘contractuality’ or dialogue on development issues. mutual legal obligations. For example, a framework for the “what” of development For more information on Austrian cooperation has now been established with the Development Cooperation (the Austrian MDGs. For donor countries, the “how much” Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Austrian of development cooperation, set at 0.7% of Development Agency) please visit GDP in the 1970’s, has been advanced http://www.bmaa.gv.at and http://www.ada.gv.at through new targets set by the European

Council. The PRSP process in partner countries sets a framework for donors to provide support. This is a positive development that legislators can promote.

Amb. Dr. Freudenschuss-Reichl went on to stress the importance of energy policies in reaching the MDGs. While energy is not clearly referred to in the MDGs, developing countries will have to increase their per capita consumption of energy in order to reach the goals, which will incur ecological risks. Currently 2 billion people are without access to modern energy services.

She concluded by presenting a brief overview of Austrian Development Cooperation which is comprised of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Austrian Development Agency (created in January 2004). The law that governs Austrian Development Cooperation

13

Mobilizing Parliamentarians for the Millennium Development Goals Chair: Ms. Petra Bayr, MP (Austria), Chair, Subcommittee on Development Speakers: Zia Qureshi, Senior Adviser, Global Monitoring Secretariat, The World Bank Shiv Kharé, Executive Director, Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD) – How parliamentarians’ contributions to the legislative process are advancing health related Millenium Development Goals in Asia Aimé Damiba, Coordinator, Forum Africain des Parlementaires pour l’Education (FAPED) – Working with parliamentarians to achieve universal primary education in Africa

Shiv Kharé, AFPPD, Petra Bayr, MP (Austria), Aimé Damiba, FAPED, and Zia Qureshi, The World Bank (l-r)

Petra Bayr, MP (Austria) noted that the MDGs 2015), but most countries will not meet the must be mainstreamed into development health-related goals and sub-Saharan Africa is policies. She called on participants to not expected to meet any of goals 1-7. remember vulnerable groups such as the The stakes are high. Each week, 200,000 disabled, and particularly disabled women, children die from preventable diseases; 10,000 who are often left out of the development women perish in child birth; 100,000 people process. are infected by HIV/AIDS and over 50,000 die Zia Qureshi presented the Global Monitoring from it. The encouraging news is that average Report 2005: Millennium Development Goals, GDP growth in the world as a whole in 2004 From Consensus to Action (GMR). He was 6.7%, with sub-Saharan Africa averaging emphasized that 2005 is a pivotal year and 5.1%. This progress points to improvements in that MPs have a key role to play in advocating policies and governance. and mobilizing support for the MDGs. The GMR 2005 proposes a five-point agenda The central message of the GMR is one of for building momentum for the MDGs in this both urgency and opportunity. A number of “Year of Development”: countries, especially in Asia and South Asia, 1. Anchor efforts to achieve the MDGs in are making impressive progress towards the country-led development strategies. goals. However, if current trends continue, most countries and regions will fail to achieve 2. Improve the environment for stronger, the MDGs. Overall the world is on track to private sector-led economic growth. meet the first goal (halving the number of people living on less than a dollar a day by 3. Scale up human development services.

15

4. Dismantle barriers to trade. While the majority of legislators are ignorant of the MDGs, many are actively engaged on 5. Substantially increase the level and effectiveness of aid and deepen debt relief. health-related issues such as HIV/AIDS, as well as maternal health and child mortality. To Mr. Qureshi praised the G8’s decision to move raise awareness, agencies such as the United forward on debt relief but emphasized that Nations Development Program (UNDP) and debt relief alone was not enough. Rather it is the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS a first and important step in a broader agenda. (UNAIDS) have developed programs with Larger steps on aid and trade still need to be legislators on the MDGs. The United Nations taken. Together with other groups, legislators Population Fund (UNFPA) also works should keep up the pressure on these two specifically with parliamentarians on health areas. and the MDGs. Mr. Qureshi stressed that the international Mr. Kharé highlighted several of the Asian community has agreed on a framework for Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and mutual accountability but implementation of the Development’s (AFPPD) initiatives, including a compact between developed and developing person-to-person advocacy program and countries has been slow and uneven. It is time ongoing mobilization of MPs with specific for governments and aid agencies to get professional backgrounds, such as doctors, serious about their commitments. teachers and lawyers. Shiv Kharé outlined how MPs’ contributions to Aimé Damiba presented how the Forum the legislative process are advancing health- Africain des Parlementaires pour l’Education et related MDGs in Asia. Three of the eight le Developpement (FAPED) works with MDGs, eight of the 16 MDG targets, and 18 of parliamentarians to achieve universal primary the 48 MDG indicators are directly related to education in Africa. Headquartered in Dakar, health. Despite encouraging progress on FAPED works in 45 African countries through poverty reduction and education, Asia is still sub-regional groupings and national chapters. behind on the health-related MDGs and on FAPED promotes the right to education, gender equality. Interestingly, the private mobilizes funds, and increases parliament- sector is quite active in the area of health. arians’ capacity to be advocates for education However, delivery of services and public sector and to play their oversight role. reforms remain problematic. Corruption poses While the gross enrollment ratio in Africa is a particular challenge, further slowing service 91% (often with huge disparities between delivery. countries) and the gender parity index stands at 87%, the completion rate is only 59%. Examples of Parliamentary Action on Health Reaching MDG 2 requires 100% completion. Cambodia: Developed and approved special To achieve universal education, African Bill on HIV/AIDS was as a follow up to AFPPD/ UNFPA/UNAIDS workshop. countries need to enroll 180 million children, recruit 1.5 million teachers, and invest $6 Japan: Parliamentarians concerted efforts billion annually, $2 billion of which will need to resulted in US $2 million Japan Trust Fund for come from aid. In addition, there is a need to parliamentarians work in reproductive health and improve efficiency and the quality of education. HIV/AIDS related issues. 75 full time staff working with parliamentary committee on population and Discussion development related issues in Asia and the Pacific. Ross Robertson, MP (New Zealand) (PGA) asked how realistic the MDGs were for Malaysia: Report card for each MP to asses countries under dictatorships, in conflict, or the fulfillments of constituents’ needs, including health needs. post-conflict situations. Philippines: Approved Special Bill on Hon. Med Kaggwa (EALA) asked panelists to HIV/AIDS and considering two new Bills: the touch on harmonization, subsidies and policies Integrated Population and Development Bill and that restrict countries from increasing the Reproductive Health Bill. expenditures in areas such as health.

16

Tony Worthington (PNoWB) On the topic of corruption, there are now a asked how legislators could host of indicators from organizations like work more closely with the Transparency International, Freedom House, different UN agencies. and the World Bank. On the World Bank side, this includes the Country Policy and Congresswoman Ana Elena Institutional Assessment indicators (which will Townsend Diez Canseco become public next year), the Doing Business Tony (Peru) (Parlatino and LAPAC) Indicators, and the World Bank Institute’s Worthington, asked about realistic altern- PNoWB Governance Indicators. atives for reducing debt. For example, has the World Bank investigated On trade, protection on agricultural goods is alternatives such as those proposed by Heads more than seven times higher than on other of States from the Rio group in 2003? goods in OECD countries. In every modeling exercise, at least two thirds of the estimated Mag. Ulrike Lunacek, MP (Austria) asked gains from trade reform are related to when the debt relief promised by the G8 would agriculture. GMR 2005 includes a become available. comprehensive measure of countries’ trade Karin Scheele, MEP (Austria) policy stance, called the overall trade (ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary restrictiveness index, which is about 45% for Assembly) expressed her agriculture in OECD countries, compared to concern that the World Bank 4% for manufacturing. Subsidies are a seemed to be acting in a significant part of this restrictiveness but other contradictory manner - on the cross-border barriers are even more important. Karin Scheele, one hand promoting a Mr. Kharé added that the low number of MEP (Austria), participatory approach but on women parliamentarians in Asia has had a ACP-EU Joint the other hand putting Parliamentary negative effect on the health debate. Assembly pressure on stakeholders to accept World Bank policy Mr. Damiba explained that education financing recommendations. remains sensitive because governments are under more pressure regarding higher Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku noted the need to education. There must be a balance between look beyond the question of agricultural primary, secondary and tertiary education, and subsidies to address tariff barriers that harm parliamentarians have a role to play in developing countries. On education, he ensuring this balance. Africa has ten countries questioned whether finding the necessary poised to achieve universal primary education. additional financing necessary to meet MDG 2 They serve as models for other countries. For would mean less funding for secondary or example some have allocated up to 20% of tertiary education. their budget to education. Parliamentarians On questions related to debt, Mr. Qureshi need to bring education into the budget noted that the recent G8 agreement on debate. additional debt relief builds on the HIPC In closing, Mr. Kharé noted that there was a initiative, so once the G8 agreement is ratified, need for greater information sharing and called the 18 countries at HIPC completion point will on the World Bank to take the initiative to immediately benefit from debt relief of about provide an information ‘clearinghouse’. $40 billion. There are around nine countries that have reached decision point in the HIPC process and should reach the completion point For more information: within the next 12-18 months, which should qualify them for another $11 billion in debt GMR: http://www.worldbank.org/globalmonitoring relief. Finally there are around 10 countries in AFPPD: http://www.afppd.org conflict situations and it is difficult to tell when they will benefit. In addition, the G8 has FAPED: http://www.unesco.org (under Regions select Africa; under Themes select Education; committed to provide additional funding to under Regional Initiatives select FAPED) compensate for the launch of debt service repayments.

17

Showcase Session

Participants displayed their projects and programs during the Showcase Session.

Ross Robertson, MP (New Zealand) and Shazia Rafi, Rasheed Draman and Hon. Louis Chimango, MP, PGA, with Karin Scheele, MEP (Austria) (l-r) (Malawi), African Parliamentary Network on Poverty Reduction and Rumbidzai Kandawaskiva-Nhundu, SADC Parliamentary Forum (l-r)

Hon. Denis Marshall, QSO, CPA (left) and Carla Rivera- Scott Hubli, NDI (left) and Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku, Avni, IAPG (right) AfDB (right)

Guy Lindstrom, International Department, Parliament Johannes Trimmel, Licht für die Welt (left) and Petra of Finland (left) and Keith Schulz, USAID (right) Bayr, MP (Austria) (right)

18

Showcase Session (continued)

The Showcase Session also provided valuable networking opportunities.

Michaela Schrader and Patrick Cirillo, IMF, with Hon. Al- Congresswoman Ana Elena Townsend Diez-Canseco haji Abdullah Salifu, MP (Ghana), FAAPPD (l-r). (Peru), LAPAC, (left) and John Williams, MP (Canada), GOPAC (right)

Hon. Oloo Aringo, MP (Kenya) (left) and Robert Shiv Kharé, AFPPD (left) and Cathy Pablan, Asia- Chambers, University of Sussex (right) Europe Foundation (right)

Ousmane Sane, JurisAIDS (left) and Christina von Nayé Bathily-Sylla, The World Bank (left) and Hon. Furstenberg, UNESCO (right) Hon. Kenneth Dzirasah, MP (Ghana), PGA (right)

19

Special Presentation on the Helsinki Process: What Role for Parliamentarians in a New Global Governance Framework? Chair: Mats Karlsson, Country Director for Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone, The World Bank Speakers: Heidi Hautala, MP (Finland), Helsinki Process, Track One Group Ilari Rantakari, Ambassador for the Helsinki Process, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland

Mats Karlsson introduced World Commission and the Cardoso Panel, Heidi Hautala, MP (Fin- while adding new proposals. There are four land), and Ambassador Ilari key proposals on how to engage Rantakari. parliamentarians on global governance: Ms. Hautala presented the 1. Enhance parliamentary consideration of Helsinki Process, a joint international issues and participation in Mats Karlsson , initiative of the Finnish and global problem-solving; The World Bank Tanzanian governments 2. Develop an initiative to assist and support that aims to establish parliaments in strengthening their democracy and equality in international oversight role, particularly in smaller and relations. It includes all stakeholder groups weaker states; (governments, parliaments, civil society, etc.) 3. Integrated parliamentary oversight of the and emphasizes the importance of Southern multilateral system - creation of a Global perspectives. Parliamentary Group; and 4. Global public policy inquiry committees of The Helsinki Process has three track groups: elected representatives (on health, • Track 1: New Approaches to Global Prob- environment, development etc.) lem Solving (with a focus on global govern- Ambassador Ilari Rantakari described the ance) high level Helsinki Group which will launch its • Track 2: Global Economic Agenda proposals on June 29, 2005. The Helsinki • Track 3: Human Security Group has two main aims: The Track 1 group concluded that the • To build a framework that multiplies the parliamentary dimension of any global problem individual efforts of different actors and and its solution is essential. Parliaments are commissions to meet the Millennium vital in remedying deficits in global Development Goals. governance: the democratic deficit; lack of coherence; and lack of implementation and compliance. Parliaments can: • Draw up principles of good (global) governance. • Assess the performance of international bodies and make them accountable. • Act for North-South consensus building. • Link-up with civil society, and give voice to marginalized groups.

The Helsinki Process elaborates on past suggestions for parliamentary action from both Heidi Hautala, MP (Finland) (left), and Amb. Ilari the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) Rantakari, Helsinki Process (right)

21

• To address the core issues affecting our groups, particularly in developing countries. planet which require a new level of global Hon. Kenneth Dzirasah, MP (Ghana) asked problem-solving beyond the Millennium Development Goals. how to better facilitate relationships between international organizations and MPs. The launch will be followed by the Helsinki Conference on September 7-9, 2005. The Ms. Hautala responded that there needs to be conference, a multi-stakeholder forum of deeper discussion on why parliamentarians around 500 participants, will assess and and civil society representatives sometimes evaluate the proposals of the Helsinki Process seem to have an aversion to each other. and work towards making clear commitments. Parliamentarians and civil society share The conference will include five roundtables common interests and both lack access to and four key dialogues (including one on executive power. She proposed that Democracy in International Relations which will parliamentarians look at rights-based look at the role of parliamentarians). approaches, such as better legislation on access to information, in order to show civil Discussion society organizations that parliamentarians Kurt Bayer (Austrian also represent their interests. Ministry of Finance) On UN reform, it is up to each parliament to questioned whether there get tough with their own governments and look is a clear link between at their own constitutional rights. In many parliaments and civil countries, parliaments can pro-actively deal society organizations. with major foreign policy decisions before they During his tenure at the are made by the executive. World Bank, he often saw Hon. Kenneth tensions between the two Dzirasah, MP For more information on the Helsinki Process (Ghana), PGA please visit: http://www.helsinkiprocess.fi

22

Special Presentation on the Parliamentary Network on the World Bank Chair: Ian Goldin, Vice President for External Affairs, Communications and United Nations Affairs, The World Bank Speaker: Bert Koenders, MP (The Netherlands), Chair, Parliamentary Network on the World Bank (PNoWB)

Organization Parliamentary Assembly (NATO- PA), and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly (OSCE-PA), came together to form the network which evolved into the Parliamentary Network on the World Bank. In creating the PNoWB, members sought to increase the accountability of their national governments, as well as international organizations like the World Bank and the IMF, on the key questions of poverty eradication and governance. Parliamentarians were seen as the missing link.

Structurally, the PNoWB seeks to be representative but not ‘stifling’. Mr. Koenders Bert Koenders, MP (The Netherlands), PNoWB expressed his opinion that there are two Ian Goldin introduced Bert Koenders, MP dominant types of inter-parliamentary (The Netherlands) praising him for his organizations: overly formal parliamentary leadership role in the Parliamentary Network organizations which tend to produce many on the World Bank (PNoWB) over the past five resolutions but do little on the ground; and years. more proactive, member driven organizations constrained by limited resources. As an Mr. Koenders thanked Mr. Goldin for his independent, member driven organization that contribution to opening up the Bank to works closely with the World Bank, and parliamentarians and noted how happy he was increasingly with the IMF, PNoWB seeks to to be among colleagues representing so many find a middle ground between the two. parliamentary fora. Mr. Koenders described the various activities Parliamentarians are faced with a disturbing of the PNoWB. He highlighted new work to trend. Despite the fact that the world is more create a G8 Implementation Watch to hold G8 democratic, opinion polls show that citizens countries to account on their pledges. He are distrustful of politicians. In addition, stressed the importance of PNoWB’s regional although there are many good parliamentary and local chapters, which are active in India, organizations, the number of parliamentarians Japan, East Africa, and the Middle East and active on global issues remains low. The North Africa. Describing the PNoWB Field Visit incentive structure is often weak - many Program (which looks at ownership and parliamentarians do not believe that they will implementation of PRSPs), he noted that gain re-election votes by working on global parliaments are still not decisively present in issues. the PRSP decision-making process. Five years ago, a group of parliamentarians, Mr. Koenders expressed the PNoWB’s which included members of organizations such willingness to work closely with other as Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA), parliamentary organizations on key the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of development issues - aid, trade and debt. Europe (PACE), the North Atlantic Treaty

23

Discussion directly concern them. However the distrust of politicians is not necessarily a sign of Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa disinterest in politics. Indeed there is a (SADC-PF) asked how to renewed interest in politics, but also a sense of better link the various disappointment when this interest does not parliamentary networks lead to desired results. Development appears with parliamentary insti- more complicated to the average citizen than it tutions. Hon. Dr. Wale should. Nevertheless, parliamentarians need Okediran, MP Hon. Dr. Wale Okediran, to have faith in themselves and be willing to (Nigeria), MP (Nigeria) (e- put development at the forefront of national e-Parliament Parliament) touched on debates. the conflict that sometimes emerges between taking a stand on issues and following the party line. Examples of PNoWB Activities Representative J. R. Nereus O. Acosta (Philippines) (AFPPD) questioned how PNoWB Annual Conference parliamentarians could popularize global Parliamentary Field Visits to PRSP Countries issues and localize discussions from global Parliamentarians’ Implementation Watch meetings. on the MDGs; working to establish a G8 Mr. Koenders acknow- Implementation Watch ledged that govern- HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria ments as well as Committee and Committee on parliaments have a International Trade for Development difficult time dealing The Question and Answer System with global debates. Many citizens feel that Please visit http://www.pnowb.org for more information. international meetings Rep. J.R. Nereus O. are empty and do not Acosta (Phillipines), AFPPD

24

How the World Bank and Parliamentarians Work Together Chair: Kurt Bayer, Deputy Director General for Economic Policy and International Affairs, Austrian Ministry of Finance Speakers: Ivar Slengesol, Communications Associate, Development Policy Dialogue, The World Bank- Policy Dialogue with Parliamentarians Mats Karlsson, Country Director for Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone, The World Bank – Interaction with Parliamentarians at the Country Level Hon. Norbert Mao, MP (Uganda), PNoWB Board Member, Chair, East Africa Chapter Hon. Denis Marshall, QSO, Secretary General, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) – Professional Development and Capacity Building for Parliamentarians Nicholas Dunlop, Secretary-General, e-Parliament – Sharing Ideas and Policy Advice Kimmo Sasi, MP (Finland) Chairman of the Sub-Committee on International Economic Relations, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe – Oversight of International Financial Institutions

Kimmo Sasi, MP (Finland), PACE, Nicholas Dunlop, e-Parliament, Hon. Denis Marshall, CPA, Kurt Bayer, Austrian Ministry of Finance, Hon. Norbert Mao, MP (Uganda), PNoWB, Mats Karlsson, The World Bank, Ivar Slengesol, The World Bank (l-r)

Kurt Bayer described the various dimensions • Parliamentarians can give feedback on the involved in the World Bank’s interaction with World Bank’s work and help shape parliamentarians: democratization of the World projects and policies. Bank, strengthening country ownership, • capacity building for parliamentarians, and In over half of the World Bank’s client networking. countries, parliaments are required to ratify World Bank projects. Ivar Slengesol briefly outlined the reasons behind World Bank outreach to The World Bank essentially works with parliamentarians: parliamentarians on two levels. On the global level, the main focus is on advocacy and • Parliamentarians are budget makers, research – for example the Bank recently legislators, representatives of the people, partnered with Inter European Parliamentary and have a government oversight function. Forum on Population and Development (IEPFPD), PNoWB, and Interact Worldwide to • Parliamentarians can enhance under- hold a meeting on the G8 Agenda and standing of development issues among development in Africa. Other topics include their constituencies and among their trade, HIV/AIDS, PRSPs, and the stakeholder peers. consultation process. On the country level, • Parliamentarians can act as agents of activities are more operational nature. Recent change and reformers. examples include meetings of parliamentarians with World Bank Country Directors to discuss

25

projects under the auspices of the PNoWB involved in meaningful dialogue with the World (India and Kenya), CAS consultations Bank. The World Bank has been listening to (Zambia), and meetings on public expenditure parliamentarians, particularly in Washington. reviews (Mexico). The challenge now is to promote more listening at the country level. Examples of future work include: • Among the benefits of working together, Hon. Gathering information on specific activities Mao highlighted cross-pollination – the positive at the country level. experience of one country can be transferred • Survey of parliamentarians’ views on the to other countries facing similar issues. For World Bank. example, Uganda has a strong committee system and has succeeded in demystifying the • Continuing to build issue-focused budget. Ugandan parliamentarians plan to coalitions, on specific issues like trade or share this experience with their Ethiopian HIV. colleagues. Hon. Mao stressed the need to • Strengthening the engagement between test the quality of advice, so that only national parliaments and the World Bank productive models are replicated globally. at the country level through PNoWB Many parliamentarians have the knowledge national and regional chapters. and expertise needed to adequately test outside advice. Mats Karlsson, explained that despite the good work being done, the World Bank still has Hon. Denis Marshall described the a long way to go in engaging parliamentarians. Commonwealth Parliamentary Association This is in part a structural issue: the World (CPA), a network of parliamentarians from 53 Bank makes contractual agreements with Commonwealth countries. The chief mandate governments and government is accountable of CPA is to develop understanding and to parliament. These roles must be respected. knowledge on parliamentary democracy. The Bank cannot go around governments. Examples of past and future work with the However, he called on parliamentarians to be World Bank Institute (WBI) and the more proactive and to initiate interaction so Development Policy Dialogue team include: that the World Bank can respond. • Study group in Sri Lanka on governance in Mr. Karlsson highlighted the importance of conflict-afflicted countries; links of accountability. One set is internal to • Joint CPA – WBI study on administration governments, including public sector and financing of parliamentary work; management, procurement and audit. In Ghana the government and the parliament • Pilot workshop for Asian parliamentarians have been working hard on a new set of laws on the Bretton Woods institutions. that address all three. Parliamentary oversight He reminded participants that many of CPA’s of government is another type of account- member parliamentarians receive numerous ability, along with local government and media. programs of support delivered by a multitude Mr. Karlsson described development as of different organizations. There is a real need essentially linked to empowerment; the role of for harmonization of these efforts. the World Bank is to finance the national poverty strategy, determined in part by In closing he stressed the importance of the parliament. Once this is accomplished at the independence of parliament as an institution, national level, it can be replicated on a more and independent financing for parliaments. decentralized level with a view to unleashing Nicholas Dunlop presented capacity locally. the e-Parliament as an Hon. Norbert Mao, MP (Uganda), PNoWB example of the use of Board Member, Chair, East Africa Chapter, modern technology in told participants that if one wants to be parliamentary work. He listened to, one has to be organized. The briefly outlined the main PNoWB was created in part to help objectives and activities of parliamentarians to organize and become Nicholas Dunlop, the e-Parliament. e-Parliament 26

One important activity currently being monitoring and criticizing faulty policies as they undertaken by the e-Parliament is the creation appear. He also recounted an incident where of an online ‘ideas bank’ for legislators where the Ghanaian parliament asked for credit to one can post summaries of good policy ideas rebuild itself following the collapse of military online and a global ‘to do’ list. The World Bank rule in the country. Their request was rejected has partnered with the e-Parliament through on the grounds that it would be considered as the Development Policy Dialogue team to a political activity. contribute 50 idea summaries to the ideas Paul Cook (NATO-PA) bank. asked how the World Bank Kimmo Sasi, MP (Finland) reaches out to the United cited the membership States Congress. requirements set for In response, Vinay member countries of the Bhargava, The World Bank, Council of Europe: respect explained that there is a for human rights, strong relationship between democracy, and the rule of Paul Cook, the World Bank and the U.S. NATO-PA law. Congress. Congress reg- PACE, through the Sub- ularly holds the World Bank accountable Kimmo Sasi, MP Committee on International through: (Finland), PACE Economic Relations, con- • ducts monitoring of Information requests; international organizations like the World Bank. • Senate hearings; This year, PACE produced a report on the • World Bank, the IMF and the realization of the Meetings with Country Directors during Millennium Development Goals. The report will visits to developing countries; be presented in late June and debated by the • Reports on the World Bank by the Central PACE Assembly. The report calls for Accounting Office and the Congressional parliamentarians to become more involved, Budget office. commends the role of the PNoWB, and calls for PNoWB to be strengthened. The report The Bank also gives regular briefings to also calls on international financial institutions Congressional staff. The PNoWB has also (IFIs) to improve access to information and opened up space for dialogue with the US become more open to civil society and other Congress through one of its more active stakeholders. members, Congresswoman Betty McCollum. He emphasized the importance of dialogue Mr. Dunlop stressed that informal between national parliaments and their parliamentary networks often serve as both respective governments. For example, in mediators and channels between multilateral Finland, the Finance Minister appears before organizations and the US Congress or other the parliament prior to the World Bank Annual parliaments. Meetings, presents the agenda, and explains Mr. Karlsson explained Finland’s position. The Finance Minister then that today it is unlikely that comes back to the parliament to explain what a credit to the Ghanaian happened during the meetings. Mr. Sasi parliament would be stressed the equal importance of international rejected. However the networking between parliaments. request would have to Discussion: come from the Ghanaian government, and not from Vinay Bhargava, Among the questions and comments, Hon. the Parliament itself. He The World Bank Kenneth Dzirasah, MP (Ghana) (PGA) opined cautioned that countries that failed public policies are only brought to should be able to support their own the spotlight when a government’s tenure parliaments as part of the core functions of the expires. He claimed that the World Bank is often too diplomatic, not taking an active role in

27

state and that donors may have legitimate questions if this is not happening. For more information on: The World Bank and Parliamentarians: He agreed that Bank staff sometimes act like http://www.worldbank.org/parliamentarians professional optimists. There is a fear that too much criticism may weaken the coalition trying CPA: http://www.cpahq.org to find a solution. There is also a risk of the e-Parliament: http://www.e-parl.net Bank becoming too involved in the political decision-making in client countries. PACE: http://assembly.coe.int

28

Parallel Breakout Session: Mobilizing Parliamentarians on HIV/AIDS and Health Chair: Tony Worthington, Board Member, PNoWB Speakers: Debrework Zewdie, Director, Global HIV/AIDS Program, The World Bank Ousmane Sane, Executive Director, JurisAIDS Neil Datta, Secretary, Inter-European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development (IEPFPD) Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa, Secretary General, SADC Parliamentary Forum

Using a comparative slide showing Thailand and South Africa she emphasized the importance of prevention. Treatment is also important and countries like Brazil, which introduced treatment in 1994-1995, have shown a decreased mortality rate and cost effectiveness. Yet while Latin America is doing fairly well in providing treatment, only about 4% of the population in Sub Saharan Africa Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa, SADC Parliamentary Forum, has access to treatment. Debrework Zewdie, The World Bank, Ousmane Sane, JurisAIDS, Neil Datta, IEPFPD (l-r) HIV/AIDS is now at the center of the World Tony Worthington introduced the panelists Bank’s corporate priorities. The largest and gave two examples of recent programs are in sub-Saharan Africa and the parliamentary work in the fight against Caribbean, as these areas have been worst hit HIV/AIDS. Parliamentarians for Global Action by the epidemic. The Bank also takes a held a seminar for South Asian multisectoral approach in the fight against parliamentarians in Islamabad, Pakistan in HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS cannot be seen solely as order to break the silence and mobilize MPs. a health problem. The Bank’s new program of An all party group in the UK held two days of action focuses on country ownership and parliamentary hearings on the link between evidence-based priorities for each country, and HIV/AIDS and reproductive health. The provides an analytical framework. hearings included representatives from the The good news is that there are more players, World Bank, the UK Department for such as the Global Fund, and more money to International Development (DFID), the fight HIV/AIDS. Funding has gone up from International Planned Parenthood Foundation around $3 million in 1996 to about $6 billion in (IPPF), UNAIDS, UNFPA, the Global Fund, 2004. However donors often fail to coordinate and local workers from India, Uganda, their efforts. The UK has led the effort for Swaziland and China. The resulting report better coordination and there is now a Global changed government policy. Now the Task Force on this issue. government’s HIV/AIDS policy is clearly linked to its sexual and reproductive health policy. Ms. Zewdie called on parliamentarians to: • Debrework Zewdie explained that in 2004 the Meet people living with HIV/AIDS. world saw the highest number of new • Include HIV/AIDS in budgets and planning. infections. This indicates that the right things PRSPs especially need to include are not being done to fight the HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS. epidemic. In addition, the epidemic has an increasingly feminine face, with 15-19 year- • Ensure that there is adequate funding for olds disproportionately affected. There are 15 healthcare staff. million orphans worldwide and 81% of these • Push for greater donor harmonization. orphans are in sub-Saharan Africa. 29

• Hold governments and organizations, like The consequences: the World Bank, accountable for • Only one in four people can obtain implementation. information on HIV/AIDS and only one in • Ensure the rights of women, youth and nine can get tested. marginalized populations. • Every minute one woman dies in childbirth. Ousmane Sane, JurisAIDS, described a • recent visit to Guinea Bissau where he met Families with members with HIV/AIDS with parliamentarians, some of whom asked have reduced incomes. Poverty increases why money was being spent on people with the risk of family members turning to HIV/AIDS when the country was so poor. prostitution, which in turn increases the Clearly, this question points to a need for risk of new infection. awareness raising. Mr. Sane noted that the • Lack of contraceptives. For example in legislative branch is often underutilized despite some sub-Saharan African countries it is important functions such as advocating estimated that there are 3 condoms per increased resources, passing legislation, and man per year. informing citizens. JurisAIDS, in partnership with the Forum of African and Arab Solutions: Parliamentarians on Population and • Improve the status of women. Development (FAAPPD), has created model legislation to assist parliamentarians in joining • Increase funding for contraceptives. It is the fight against HIV/ AIDS. estimated that $3.9 billion per year would meet the world’s contraceptive needs. The government’s decision to discuss HIV/AIDS openly in Uganda has had a major • Invest in birth attendants. impact. Partnerships between parliamentarians • Invest in antiretroviral treatment. and civil society are also key. Women should also be included at all levels of policy-making Mr. Datta went on to give specific and parliamentarians need to look hard at recommendations for parliamentary action: improving the rights of women as well as • encouraging the active participation of men in Take leadership on health issues. care giving. • Improve the condition of women and Neil Datta reiterated that three of the MDGs youth. Recognize that youth are sexually are directly related to health, while many of the active. others relate to improving and maintaining • Allocate budgetary resources for sexual health. Around 20% of the global health and reproductive health both domestic-ally burden is from sexual and reproductive health and as a part of ODA. (30% for women) and 70% of new HIV infections were sexually transmitted. • Integrate HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health policies. Among the key challenges faced today: • Work to include sexual health and rights in • Greater demand for sexual and PRSPs and CASs. reproductive health services due to an increasing population. In addition the As an example of parliamentary action, Mr. largest ever youth population will be Datta cited the Swedish parliament, which entering reproductive age soon. called for 10% of Swedish ODA to be allocated to sexual and reproductive health. • Opposition from conservative groups on Parliamentarians in Belgium, Ireland, Spain, sexual health-related issues. Austria and the European Parliament have • HIV/AIDS funding is often separate from also worked to increase funding for agencies funding for sexual and reproductive working on HIV/AIDS. health. Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa spoke about the recent Survey of Legislative Efforts to Combat HIV/AIDS in the Southern African

30

Development Community (SADC) Region, Shiv Kharé (AFPPD) asked if the World Bank which was undertaken by the SADC supported civil society organizations in addition Parliamentary Forum in partnership with the to governments in the fight against HIV/AIDS. National Democratic Institute (NDI) and the Ms. Zewdie responded that the Bank has United States Agency for International compiled best practices but may need to do Development (USAID). Southern Africa is the more to get this information to epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic but has parliamentarians. On the cost of condoms, the been slow to respond. He appealed to World Bank usually ties the price to the price of participants to mainstream HIV/AIDS in all of the staple food, ensuring that condoms are their meetings. No meeting of the SADC affordable for all. She emphasized that the Parliamentary Forum is without a session on World Bank works primarily with governments, HIV/AIDS. as it is governed by 184 shareholder countries. Legislators need solid knowledge about However, there are programs, such as the HIV/AIDS. Resources for the fight against the Multi-country HIV/AIDS Program (MAP) in disease need to be prioritized in countries’ Africa and the Caribbean, where an upfront domestic budgets. Resources cannot only agreement with shareholders ensures that 40- come from donors. SADC Parliamentary 60% of resources are channeled through civil Forum has called on each SADC country to society organizations and, in some cases, the declare HIV/AIDS a national disaster and to private sector. respond with the same urgency that they Hon. Dr. Wale Okediran, MP (Nigeria) (e- would other national disasters. Parliament) asked how parliamentarians can Discussion monitor outside resources coming into their countries. Scott Hubli (NDI) described in further detail the process that led to the joint SADC- Ms. Zewdie responded that the World Bank PF/NDI/USAID report. The consultations for can help educate constituencies on the the survey allowed for one-on-one education specifics of their programs. Mr. Sane added with parliamentarians. As a result of the that it was a parliamentarian’s constitutional survey there are now three new projects on right to know how money is spent. HIV/AIDS in three countries. Dr. Mutukwa noted that the SADC Joseph Atiku (FAAPPD) described FAAPPD’s Parliamentary Forum is looking to interface work and underlined the importance of with other organizations using the International providing parliamentarians with well presented Trade Centre (ITC). He raised the question of information on HIV/AIDS. stigma around HIV/AIDS, which is sometimes exacerbated by religious leaders, and called Nick Dunlop (e-Parliament) asked whether on parliamentarians to address this problem. there was an exchange of best practices He also appealed to participants to ensure that between parliaments on sexual health issues funds released due to debt relief are used to and whether the e-Parliament could help fight HIV/AIDS. facilitate such an exchange online. Shazia Rafi (PGA) asked about the cost per condom and where governments and For more information: ministries could purchase condoms. She The World Bank and HIV/AIDS: wondered if a website existed to addresses http://www.worldbank.org/aids these questions. JurisAIDS: http://www.jurisaids.org Mr. Datta responded that information on IEPFPD: http://www.iepfpd.org contraceptive supplies is increasingly SADC Parliamentary Forum: http://www.sadcpf.org available. For example, the Supplies Initiative is working on a website where donors can input where they are sending contraceptive supplies and thus anticipate and prevent shortages.

31

Parallel Breakout Session: Mobilizing Parliamentarians on Governance and Anti-corruption Chair: Prof. Dr. Thomas A. Bauer, Institute for Communication and Media Studies, University of Vienna Speakers: Congresswoman Ana Elena Townsend Diez-Canseco (Peru), Chair, Latin American Parliamentarians Against Corruption Vinay K. Bhargava, Director, International Affairs, The World Bank Cosma Gatere, Communications Specialist, Country Office for Kenya, Eritrea and Somalia, The World Bank John Williams, MP (Canada), Chair, Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC)

Prof. Dr. Thomas A. Bauer, University of Vienna, introduced the panelists. Congresswoman Ana Elena Townsend Diez Canseco (Peru) focused her presentation on Prof. Thomas corruption in Latin America. Bauer, University Latin American Parliament- of Vienna arians Against Corruption (LAPAC), a regional chapter of the Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC) seeks to build a network Cosma Gatere, The World Bank (left) and Vinay Bhargava, The World Bank (right) of Latin American legislators for the fight against corruption. LAPAC works with other Vinay Bhargava described how the World parliamentary groups such as Parlatino. There Bank helps countries fight corruption. Currently are several anti-corruption initiatives taking almost all Country Assistance Strategies place in Latin America. For example, a recent (CAS) have a governance aspect. resolution of the Organization of American Mr. Bhargava outlined several entry points in States (OAS) recognized the role of the the fight against corruption: legislative branch in anti-corruption. Every year a report is produced on corruption in Latin 1. Institutional checks and balances America with country-by-country recommend- 2. Public sector management ations. 3. Civil society Opinion polls show that the general population perceives corruption as a major problem. 4. Voice and participation Parliamentarians can help battle corruption by 5. Private sector introducing and passing legislation on access to information and regulation of lobbying The World Bank works with countries to fight activities. Another area which needs attention corruption through lending for: is the removal of statute of limitations on • corruption crimes. Congresswoman Townsend Community development programs challenged participants to recognize the impact • Tax reform of corruption in the fight against poverty and in achieving the MDGs. • Customs administration reform • Governance and regulation of banks 33

parliament, thus making them more effective in their oversight role. At the same time, meeting with MPs who have their finger on the pulse of key constituencies helps the Kenya country office improve and fine tune Bank programs. In addition, the Bank is one of the few organizations doing policy research that is both current and relevant in developing countries. It is essential that this research be disseminated to parliamentarians. The relationship with MPs is essential in the Congresswoman Ana Elena Townsend Diez Canseco fight against corruption, but even if the Bank is (Peru), LAPAC (left) and John Williams, MP (Canada), GOPAC (right) highly successful in eliminating graft from Bank projects there is limited impact since Bank • Upgrading the capacity of civil society and lending is only a small part of the governments’ the media overall budgets. Additionally, the bank offers analytical and John Williams, MP (Canada) stressed the advisory services such as: importance of accountability mechanisms in the fight against corruption. Corrupt • Investment climate survey governments need to know that they will be • WBI training programs caught and that there will be a high price to pay. • Expenditure tracking analysis (which tracks how much money is actually The role of parliament is: reaching the beneficiaries) • To approve legislation proposed by • Governance surveys government. All of the above are reinforced through • Approve the budget and taxation policies partnerships with other donors and proposed by government. institutions under the Comprehensive • Approve line-by-line spending estimates Development Framework (CDF). for government. Mr. Bhargava underlined the importance of • accountability mechanisms and re-emphasized Oversee and supervise the activities of the that the Bank can make little progress unless government. the client country fully supports the fight Parliamentarians should be in the driver's seat, against corruption. but governments still control the money and Cosma Gatere related a story about six sometimes even MPs can be bought. parliamentarians who shot down a community Nevertheless, MPs are not a pressure group, driven development project during a press not an NGO, and not self-appointed. MPs are conference. The project was actually going mandated to hold government accountable. well but the MPs were uninformed and had GOPAC works to: been left out of the process. • Provide peer support. The World Bank’s Kenya office seeks to engage parliamentarians pro-actively and • Educate parliamentarians. purposefully. Projects in the planning phase • Achieve goal-oriented results and are presented to relevant parliamentary measured objectives. committees and regular progress reports are given on projects as they proceed. There are GOPAC maintains regional chapters many benefits to this approach. worldwide, each with their own specific Parliamentarians are equipped and objectives. GOPAC seeks to advance empowered to make informed contributions initiatives such as the OECD’s anti-money both from the floor of parliament and outside laundering initiative. 34

Discussion where donor funds are going. Donors can work During the discussion, Arne Lyngstad, MP with local organizations to (Norway) (Nordic Council) commented that help police funds. Norway has a high level of development aid but that public support for aid is low because of Ms. Townsend explained the perception that aid is wasted by corrupt that the action plan leaders in developing countries. proposed by the OAS includes reinforcing the Pär Grandstedt (AWEPA) reminded links between MPs and Nick van Praag, participants of the work being done by the New civil society, as well as an The World Bank Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) ethics code for public on governance. He called on participants to servants and parliamentarians. AWEPA and others in strengthening the role of parliament in the NEPAD process. Mr. Williams expressed concern that the NEPAD peer review mechanism will be Hon. Kenneth Dzirasah, MP (Ghana) (PGA) ineffectual as it involves governments asked the panelists to touch on political monitoring governments. corruption such as vote buying.

Mr. Gatere reiterated the importance of engaging parliamentarians and asking hard questions on corruption. Capacity building is equally important. The finance and public For more information: accounts committees need to have the LAPAC: http://www.oplacc.org/ capacity to ask the right questions of their governments. The World Bank and Corruption: http://www.worldbank.org/corruption Mr. Bhargava noted that one of the best tools GOPAC: http://www.parlcent.ca/gopac/index_e.php was ensuring maximum transparency of

35

Dialogue on Participation Chair: Mag. Ulrike Lunacek, MP (Austria), Vice-President of the Foreign Affairs Committee Speaker: Caroline Kende-Robb, Sector Manager, Social Development, The World Bank Discussant: Robert Chambers, Research Associate, Participation Group, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex

Mag. Ulrike Lunacek, MP • Cohesion - strengthening communities so (Austria) introduced the that members can work together. panelists expressing her • hope that the session Accountability - developing ways for would foster constructive people to have their voice heard by debate and dialogue. authorities. Caroline Kende-Robb Ms. Kende-Robb discussed the role of presented the World participation in poverty reduction strategies, listing their key building blocks: poverty Mag. Ulrike Bank’s first Social Lunacek, MP Development Strategy, analysis, monitoring and evaluation, defining (Austria) which was approved by pro-poor policies, and budget processes. One the Bank’s Board of of the main challenges has been to link the Directors in February 2005. The foundations priorities identified in the poverty analysis and for this strategy were laid ten years earlier with the whole participatory process to policy the publication of a learning brief on priorities and budgets. People outside the participatory development, which led to a Bank can compare the PRSP, the World source book on participation. The Bank’s Bank’s CAS and the IMF’s PRGF. interest in participation came from outside Parliamentarians have a critical role to play in pressure that led to recognition by the Bank the budget process and in partnering with civic that there had been a lack of sustainability and groups. For example, civil society ownership of Bank-supported projects. organizations and think tanks may work with Over the past five parliamentarians on demystifying the budget. years there has Ms. Kende-Robb stressed that participation also been a can be a means - civic engagement can subsequent shift of promote more efficient and effective resource focus on part- allocation thus saving scare resources and icipation at the increasing their impact on poverty. But, project level to the participation should also be an end, in and of policy level. The itself - citizens have the right to be involved. Bank is now Caroline Kende-Robb, looking at ways Robert Chambers, endorsed the progress The World Bank that poor people that has been made on participation but asked can be included in participants to consider past errors. policy dialogue. In the past the Bank looked at For example: poverty as an income measurement. However, when poor people are consulted, • Integrated rural development projects in other concerns emerge, including vulnerability, the 1970’s and 1980’s put many African physical and social isolation, insecurity, lack of countries deeply in debt. access to information and a distrust of state • The training and visit system introduced in institutions. Asia and then Africa for agricultural The Social Development strategy gives the extension led to disastrous outcomes. Bank space to look at issues of: • Structural adjustment programs are now • Inclusion - putting marginalized people at largely acknowledged to be failures. the center of development. 37

Similarly, Mr. Chambers questioned the Bank’s from a model of public administration newer policy of community-driven legitimized through technocratic expertise to a development. model of politics where there are compromises and trade-offs. It remains unclear how the The Bank seems to be Bank can make this shift if the Bank still clings shifting from a paradigm to a legitimacy based on staying out of politics. of things or “hardware” (infrastructure) to a para- Ms. Kende-Robb em- digm of people or “soft- phasized that the Bank ware” (social sectors, needs outside help, institution building). Yet particularly in looking at while the Bank has the social, cultural and Robert Chambers, comparative advantage of institutional factors. In University of being able to spread its addition, it is important Sussex “software” around the to put the results of the world, the Bank also has Bank’s poverty and comparative disadvantages: e.g., being very social impact analysis in Scott Hubli, NDI powerful, needing to act at scale and quickly, the public domain and and a lack of feedback. debate them. The Bank is in a period of change, particularly at the country level, and In today’s climate it is acceptable to talk about can only gain from fruitful dialogue and power and relationships in development and engagement on these issues. words such as empowerment, ownership, accountability, transparency, partnership and Mr. Chambers noted that many Bank activities dialogue are frequently used. It is most were political because they are linked to “who important to understand what these terms gets what” or “who gains and loses” in a given imply in terms of changing relationships, and country. Drawing on the case of successful how big the gaps are between what the words women’s saving groups in South India, he mean and what the actual relationships are. recommended two minimum conditions: Mr. Chambers challenged the Bank to look at honest and open accounting and rotating the itself and to give social development primacy leadership and the treasury roles. He ended by in development. ‘There is the listening Bank, questioning whether the World Bank and the the learning Bank, but is there a changing IMF still exercised too much control. ‘Should Bank?’ there be a celebration of diversity that allows much more autonomy to countries and to parliaments instead of a policy monoculture?’ Discussion

Christina von Furst-

enberg, questioned why human rights were not For more information: addressed in the debate on The World Bank and Social Development: participation. http://www.worldbank.org/socialdevelopment Christina von Furstenberg, Scott Hubli pointed out that Institute of Development Studies, University UNESCO the shift from “hardware” to of Sussex: http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids “software” was like moving

38

Monday, June 13, 2005

Roundtable with Bilateral Agencies - Why support Parliamentary Programs? Chair: Robert Zeiner, Director of Programs and Projects, Austrian Development Agency Speakers: Sam Biesemans, Advisor on EU Development Policies, Belgian Development Cooperation John Lobsinger, Senior Policy Analyst, Democracy and Governance, Democratic Institutions and Conflict Division Policy Branch, CIDA Keith Schulz, Legislative Strengthening Advisor, Governance Division, Office of Democracy and Governance, U.S. Agency for International Development Martha Gutierrez, Head of Project, Democratisation and Rule of Law, Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Discussant: Marc Cassidy, SUNY-Kenya - Lessons learned

Marc Cassidy, SUNY Kenya, Keith Schulz, USAID, Martha Guiterrez, GTZ, Robert Zeiner, ADA, Sam Biesemans, Belgian Development Cooperation, John Lobsinger, CIDA

Robert Zeiner introduced the panelists, asking • The UNDP Global Program for them to also consider how bilateral agencies Parliamentary Strengthening initiated in support parliamentary programs, as well as 1999. The second program will run from harmonization and alignment. 2004-07. Belgium has contributed €6 million. The UNDP program supports Sam Biesemans highlighted three ways regional initiatives including engaging Belgian Development Cooperation supports regional parliamentary associations or parliamentary programs through: institutions. • Seminars with the ACP Parliament that • AWEPA. Since 1998 support is focused on inform MPs on the main elements of the the Great Lakes region. In 2004-2005 Cotonou agreement and changes Belgian Development Cooperation pro- compared to the Lomé conventions. vided 500,000 euros for preventive Seminars have been held in Ethiopia, diplomacy and democratization. Benin, Rwanda, Niger, Senegal, DRC, Mali and Uganda and at the regional level in South Africa.

39

During the revision of the worked with around 60 legislatures, allocating Cotonou Agreement, around $200 million. Belgium insisted on the Mr. Schulz stressed that USAID is extremely promotion of capacities of decentralized. Programs are country-based ACP Parliaments. The and multi-year. USAID works mainly through revised text (Article 58) US and local partners to implement programs will allow parliaments and does little in the way of regional or Sam Biesemans, access to support from the international legislative strengthening Belgian European Development Development programs. Cooperation Fund. The ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly is Among USAID’s accomplishments, he preparing a report on the role of Parliaments in mentioned the growing realization of the implementation of the Cotonou Agreement for importance of parliaments in democratic September 2005. The report will be followed reform and good governance. However, he by a debate in the plenary session. warned that skepticism remains within USAID as parliaments tend to be large, slow moving John Lobsinger explained that CIDA supports and difficult to reform. The long-term parliamentary programs as part of their work investments needed do not conform to short on governance. Governments need to be term planning cycles, budgets and results- accountable to the public and accountability oriented bureaucracies. happens best when it is exercised on a daily basis in the regular workings of an effective USAID recently undertook independent legislature. CIDA has spent $400 million CDN evaluations of projects in Kenya and West on governance and $5 million CDN on Bank and Gaza. These evaluations highlighted parliamentary programs. This includes support the importance of: to networks such as GOPAC and its regional • chapters, PGA, WBI, and, most importantly, Long term processes and investment • the Canadian Parliamentary Centre. Through Field presence • the Parliamentary Centre and other initiatives, Developing trust of parliamentarians CIDA provides technical assistance, builds • Using both technical and political research services, strengthens committee processes to solve problems systems, and works to build the skills of In the future USAID is individual MPs. In working with committed to more parliamentarians, CIDA has found that peer-to- systematic evaluation of peer training and networks are powerful tools. work on legislative Through organizations like International strengthening. Support will Institute for Democracy and Electoral be focused on programs in Assistance (IDEA), CIDA also funds research Afghanistan and Iraq. on elections, political parties and post-conflict There is also a new democracies. Congress to Parliament Keith Schulz, USAID Like many bilateral agencies, CIDA follows a program, called the House system of results-based management. This Democracy Assistance Commission, which will can be difficult when dealing with long term focus on Georgia, Macedonia, Kenya, East human efforts but it helps CIDA make broad Timor and Indonesia. USAID is also committed choices on how to spend limited resources. to working on political party systems as dysfunctional political party systems lead to Keith Schulz explained that USAID has been dysfunctional parliaments. working with legislatures for 20-25 years. Work began in Latin America in the late 1980s and Martha Gutierrez listed four areas where Eastern Europe in the early 1990s through the donors are now focusing attention: Frost Task Force, a Congress to Parliament • The MDG+5 review program. Since the mid 1990s USAID has • PRSP results expanded its work to include the Middle East, • NEPAD and the African Union Asia and Africa. He estimated that USAID has

40

• Implementation of the Paris Declaration on bilateral donors to invest in project officers and Harmonization to hold them accountable for implementing projects. Against this background many donors are rethinking strategies for support. He went on to list lessons learned on the ground: For example, a study by GTZ, done in partnership with the Canadian Parliamentary • Need to create true partnerships based on Centre, shows that national PRSPs are in mutual trust. deep trouble. Spending is not performing due • Buy locally if procurement rules allow it. to cash budget allocation problems. Similarly, • Involve parliament in the procurement HIPC money is often being politically allocated process and in the design and rather than put into pro-poor spending implementation of projects. frameworks. Gender equality is massively • Utilize local expertise and limit the number underemphasized in PRSPs, and it has taken of outside consultants. too long to develop effective monitoring • Encourage South-to-South cooperation. frameworks for PRSPs. • Expose, rather than impose. The study also found that • Be modest. Recipients can reject donor links between legislators support. and the poor are not vibrant, • Be patient. but relations with community Discussion based organizations are solid. Strong committee James Ketterer (SUNY chairs are important in /CID) asked panelists to Martha Gutierrez, building policy leadership elaborate on the relationship GTZ and consensus, and budget between bilateral assistance committees need more as a function of foreign technical support. While parliamentary policy objectives and project caucuses on women seldom engage on the outcomes. PRSP, women-led committees often take a James Ketterer, Neil Datta (IEPFPD) asked leadership role. SUNY/CID what bilateral agencies are GTZ has come up with a new framework for doing to reach out to donor country parliamentary promotion which includes both parliamentarians to make sure that they live up direct and indirect support. It is important to to ODA commitments. understand how parliaments are embedded in Rasheed Draman (African Parliamentary the institutional system. For example, when Network on Poverty Reduction) extorted donors support the auditor general, they donors to use local expertise. Change is should make sure that auditor general’s happening in Africa – in Tanzania parliament reports go to parliament for debate. It is also mobilized itself to make an input in the second important to support local think tanks working generation PRSP. with parliamentarians. Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa Marc Cassidy expressed his view that like (SADC Parliamentary MPs, people working to support parliamentary Forum) welcomed the programs should be held accountable. While opportunity to meet with there is lots of talk on avoiding replication and bilateral agencies. He better coordination there has been little change called for benchmarks to on the ground. He noted a philosophical determine what makes a difference between North Americans who tend strong parliament. Rasheed Draman, to support projects and Europeans who tend to African give direct budget support. He challenged the Nick Dunlop (e- Parliamentary use of budget support as it transfers the Parliament) asked whether Network on Poverty burden of reporting and interpreting what donors are doing enough to Reduction donors want to already overburdened support global parliament- institutions. He encouraged multilateral and ary networks.

41

Mr. Lobsinger responded that power strengthening, but it has never been more relationships are not a big issue in Canadian difficult as an US actor to promote democratic development assistance, particularly as reform. He added that measurement is indeed Canada is a middle power. important and there are many groups working to come up with standards, benchmarks or Ms. Gutierrez noted indicators for what makes a strong parliament. that GTZ can be seen as having a Ms. Gutierrez warned that coordination should major philosophical not come at the expense of plurality. The onus difference with US- should also be on national institutions to tell AID. In Germany donors what they want and need. there is a clear Carla Rivera-Avni, IAPG separation between (left), and Neil Datta, the Foreign Ministry For more information: IEPFPD (right) and the Develop- Austrian Development Agency: ment Ministry. In principle, the Development http://www.ada.gv.at. Ministry is not foreign policy driven. She called Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign on the networks present to help put pressure Trade and Development Cooperation: on donor parliaments in order to make sure http://www.diplomatie.be commitments are met. Bilateral agencies cannot, and should not, do this alone. CIDA: http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca Mr. Schultz clarified that the State Department USAID: http://www.usaid.gov and USAID are separate as well. At the GTZ: http://www.gtz.de moment USAID faces an interesting dichotomy: there has never been more support for the work they are doing on legislative

42

Roundtable with Multilateral Organizations - Including Parliamentarians in the Global Development Debate Chair: Ambassador Dr. Irene Freudenschuss-Reichl, Director General, Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs Speakers: Michaela Schrader, External Relations Department, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku, Senior Governance Expert, Operations Policies and Review Department, African Development Bank (AfDB) Abel Rwendeire, Managing Director, Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Asger Ryhl, Chief, UNFPA Nordic Office

• Opening the debate to scrutiny increases accountability. • Only home-grown and nationally owned strategies work. In 2003 the IMF’s Executive Board formed a working group of Executive Directors to explore how to enhance dialogue with legislators as part of the broader dialogue with civil society actors, trade unions, religious Amb. Dr. Irene Freudenschuss-Reichl, Austrian leaders and others to understand the political Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Abel Rwendeire, UNIDO, and social context in which macroeconomic and Asger Rhyl, UNFPA (l-r) decisions are being taken. Ambassador Dr. Irene Freudenschuss- Dialogue is a two-way street; while the IMF Reichl introduced the panelists. needs to familiarize national legislators with macro-economic concepts and explain the Michaela Schrader explained that in the past rational behind IMF advice, legislators need to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), like express their needs and concerns to the IMF. many international financial institutions, was She pointed to several entry points for such secretive and kept its work out of the public dialogue: eye. Many member governments actually preferred this approach as it meant that they • In coordination with country authorities could ignore IMF advice that they did not like. during annual consultations. The IMF dealt mainly with central bankers and • finance ministers and had no broader tradition Country and regional seminars of outreach and public engagement. This has • Capacity building programs. changed. • Parliamentary workshops/ conferences. Why? • Visits of parliamentarians to the IMF - for • Spread of markets and the realization that example the United Kingdom sends a providing timely and accurate information delegation from the treasury select is important for markets to work effectively committee and international development and to help avoid crisis. committee each year to meet with the IMF • Transparency can also provide markets Managing Director and senior staff. with evidence of policy intentions and • Voluntary briefings to parliaments. actions, and reinforce the drive to make policies credible and sustainable.

43

encourage local investors. MPs can support the creation of small and medium sized enterprises and influence how market failures are handled. Parliamentarians have an important role to play in legislation that ensures that production processes meet international market quality standards. Parliamentarians must also consider the importance of energy policies. Parliament- arians in many developing countries know first hand how many of their constituents are without basic energy resources. Michaela Schrader, IMF (left) and Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku, AfDB, (right) Asger Rhyl opened by stating that since the conference began, more than 2500 women The IMF has offices in almost 70 countries. have passed away. Parliamentarians can And the IMF resident representative is the first change this. UNFPA was one of the first point of contact for many parliamentarians. agencies to recognize the importance of legislatures and has worked with Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku began by noting that parliamentarians since its conception in 1969. Africa is at the center of major international In 1974 the first parliamentary group on development initiatives such as the MDGs, the population and development was formed in Commission for Africa, and NEPAD. The Japan, followed by the first regional group in African Development Bank’s (AfDB) primary Asia (AFPPD) in 1982. There are now four goal is to promote economic growth and regional groups, the most recent being the poverty reduction. Good governance is an European group (IEPFPD) formed in 2000. In important part of reaching this objective and in addition to national and regional groups, 1999 the AfDB decided to mainstream UNFPA works with parliamentarians through governance in all AfDB projects. Participation biannual parliamentary conferences and seeks is at the heart of this agenda, yet to promote information sharing. parliamentarians are rarely engaged in development processes in their own countries Largely because of its involvement with both or through the AfDB. women’s and sexual health issues, UNFPA is the UN agency with the most opposition, The AfDB has taken inspiration from the work particularly from conservative groups. These that the World Bank is doing with groups often work with and influence parliamentarians. In the past AfDB has parliamentarians. Winning support largely provided some fragmented support to becomes a question of who gets information to parliaments. However this is not enough. The parliamentarians first. UNFPA believes that AfDB is currently undertaking a stocktaking one of the best investments the world can exercise and developing a strategy in order to make is in women’s education and health. involve parliamentarians more directly in They will continue to work with AfDB’s work. parliamentarians to advance this agenda. Abel Rwendeire, himself a former MP, Discussion described the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), a small Hon. Louis Chimango, MP (Malawi), (African UN agency that deals with industrial aspects of Parliamentary Network on Poverty Reduction) developing countries and countries whose thanked UNFPA and called on participants to economies are in transition. do more to battle maternal mortality. A recent survey of outside investors in Africa John Williams, MP (Canada) (GOPAC), showed that 90% were attracted by how asked when AfDB’s strategy for working with governments treat local investors. This is an parliamentarians would be ready. important lesson for parliamentarians as they can help set up the legal framework to

44

Mag. Ulrike Lunacek, MP August and the strategy in November, after (Austria) gave a further reason which AfDB will invite parliamentarians and for engaging parliament – others for discussions. AfDB is indeed MPs have become more interested in providing support to help critical of international parliaments develop the skills to scrutinize financial institut-ions. During budgets. a recent visit to Uganda, Ms. Mag. Ulrike Mr. Rwendeire gave an example of UNIDO Lunacek learned that the Lunacek, MP support to Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda to (Austria) parliament had actually help the Lake Victoria region export fish to rejected World Bank credits. Europe. UNIDO also supports micro-hydro She went on to call for greater gender balance projects and renewables. within parliament and within the organizations present. On the question of energy she Mr. Rhyl noted that UNFPA is headed by a suggested focusing on decentralized energy woman, and that 7 out of the 11 members of projects involving local populations. its executive committee and 51% of its staff are women. Paul Cook (NATO-PA) commented that the

NATO-PA has worked with parliaments on how to scrutinize defense budgets. He asked For more information: panelists whether they provided funding support for parliaments to develop the skills to IMF: http://www.imf.org scrutinize budgets. AfDB: http://www.afdb.org Rumbidzai Kandawasvika-Nhundu (SADC UNIDO: http://www.unido.org Parliamentary Forum) asked how women are included in stakeholder consultations. UNFPA: http://www.unfpa.org Mr. Issahaku responded that AfDB’s stocktaking exercise should be completed in

45

Special Presentation on the Commission for Africa Chair: Ian Goldin, Vice President for External Affairs, Communications and United Nations Affairs, The World Bank Speaker: Myles Wickstead, Head of Secretariat, Commission for Africa

Ian Goldin introduced • Provide better quality aid (donor Myles Wickstead noting coordination) that there were high • expectations that the Trade (as mentioned above) Commission’s report • Provide debt relief would make a significant difference in mobilizing Encouraging progress is already being made. the G8 on Africa. For example, the European Union’s recent decision to reach the 0.7% target by 2015 and Myles Wickstead, Myles Wickstead the G8’s decision on debt relief are welcome Commission for explained that this year steps in the right direction. In addition, Africa presented an enormous Canada, Germany, Japan, France and the UK opportunity as the UK have all agreed to double their aid to Africa holds both the G8 and EU presidencies. Prime over the next three years. Minister Tony Blair has put Africa at the top of the agenda. The Commission for Africa is Discussion comprised of 17 commissioners (9 from Africa, Hon. Kenneth Dzirasah, MP (Ghana) (PGA) and the rest from OECD countries and China). explained that “brain drain” is still a problem in The Commission held wide consultations over Ghana. Up to 50% of medical staff trained in the past year, including discussions with Ghana leave to go to the UK and other parliaments and parliamentary committees. countries abroad. Can aid help change this? The Commission is currently garnering support for the recommendations made in their report Rasheed Draman (African Parliamentary “Our Common Interest”. Network on Poverty Reduction) asked what the international community was doing to return Mr. Wickstead briefly outlined the main points money sent abroad by corrupt African leaders. of the report. Progress is being made on governance, peace, and security in Africa. John Williams, MP (Canada) (GOPAC) asked New institutions such as the African Union and what the Commission was doing on NEPAD show movement and positive change. governance and corruption issues. Twenty years ago there were only three Marc Cassidy (SUNY/Kenya) asked whether democratically elected governments in Africa, the report addressed techniques for innovative now there are thirty-three. The report delivery of aid. recommends developing research and technological institutes in Africa. Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa, (SADC Parliamentary Economic growth is also crucial. Many Forum) asked how the countries are showing positive growth, but report addressed HIV/ better infrastructure is needed, such as roads AIDS. linking African countries. Infrastructure is vitally important to Africa’s ability to trade. The report Hon. Louis Chimango, recommends removing agricultural subsidies MP (Malawi) (African and non-tariff barriers as well. Parliamentary Network on Poverty Reduction) Hon. Louis Chimango, What should the international community MP (Malawi), African suggested that Africans Parliamentary do? need to market the Network on Poverty • Double aid to $50 billion per year report at home as there Reduction is currently a high level

47

of skepticism. the UN convention on corruption – no single G8 country has ratified so far. The African peer Hon. Adeyemi Oluwale, MP (Nigeria), review mechanism is another important tool. (ECOWAS Parliament) asked how the HIV/AIDS is also recognized in the report as a Commission intended to strengthen huge constraint. institutions. The report does not promote a mass of new Mr. Wickstead res- aid delivery systems but it does emphasize ponded that un- that too often donors try to get around the fortunately the rep- partner country government’s systems instead ort does not go into of helping them to build better systems. The great detail on brain report also promotes building networks, for drain. There is a example, on higher education and health. strong view that there is not enough On institution building, Mr. Wickstead re- being done to return emphasized the importance of partnerships. Ian Goldin, The World stolen assets. How- There needs to be mutual accountability and Bank displays a copy of ever there has been African countries and institutions need much “Our Common Interest,” the Commission for Africa some movement. more policy space. Report Switzerland has re- turned $300 million to Nigeria and the UK is looking at how to do For more information on the more. Commission for Africa please visit: On governance and corruption issues, the http://www.commissionforafrica.org report stresses that G8 countries should ratify

48

Wrap-up Session: The Way Ahead Chair: Jean-Christophe Bas, Development Policy Dialogue Manager, The World Bank Speakers: Martha Gutierrez, Head of Project, Democratisation and Rule of Law, Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Zuleikha Salim Said, Coordinator, Parliamentary Network on the World Bank (PNoWB) Shiv Kharé, Executive Director, Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD) James Ketterer, Director, Center for International Development, State University of New York (SUNY/CID)

Zuleikha Salim Said, PNoWB, James Ketterer, SUNY/CID, Jean-Christophe Bas, The World Bank, Shiv Kharé, AFPPD, Martha Gutierrez, GTZ (l-r)

Jean-Christophe Bas recalled the meeting’s part of governance work and democracy work objective: mobilizing parliamentarians for worldwide. To do so, she outlined several development and thus strengthening the voice concrete recommendations: of people in development. Everyone present • Continue building thematic or professional knows the agenda and the challenges that networks, such as doctor networks of parliamentary organizations face, but perhaps parliamentarians. the missing link is a strong connection • between organizations. There are numerous Parliamentarians should put pressure on groups working with parliamentarians, and this their own governments to mobilize support work often appears fragmented. He called on for parliamentary promotion. Bilateral participants to join forces and create an agencies respond to what governments alliance to reach key mutual objectives. say they should do. • Members of networks, like the PNoWB, Martha Gutierrez explained that when she should mobilize their peers, particularly in arrived at the meeting she thought that the donor countries group was fragmented, but following the Vienna conference she sees the participants • Provide bilateral agencies with concrete, as a collective with one agenda to put explicit examples of why it is important to parliaments back center stage. Unfortunately engage parliaments. those who promote parliaments are not • Bilateral colleagues could bring up the winning in power relations. The organizations issue of parliaments through the OECD working with parliamentarians need to help governance network. each other to make parliaments a fundamental

49

Zuleikha Salim Said described the ongoing making parliaments seem slower and more work of the Parliamentarians Implementation adversarial. Legislatures in developing Watch (PIW). She invited other organizations countries may come up with policies that to collaborate with the PNoWB through: donors do not agree with. Citizens may elect • representatives who make donors PNoWB working groups on International uncomfortable. Trade for Development and HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria He recommended that donors think about supporting sustainable democratic processes • The parliamentary field visit program and practices over specific policy outcomes. (which looks at the PRSP process) There is strong pressure from donor agencies • The PNoWB Annual conference to be held to work on highly technical, non-political in Helsinki in late October issues, but there is a danger in squeezing the politics out of parliaments. Instead, • Helping the PNoWB push for a fully development programs should take into resourced accountability mechanism to account political incentives. follow-up on implementation of the promises made by the G8. The floor was then opened up for discussion and proposals. Shiv Kharé, AFPPD, congratulated the World Bank for taking the initiative to bring together Amb. Andreas Nothelle such a diverse group of organizations working (OSCE PA) agreed that with parliamentarians. In his experience, the there was a need to organizations present in Vienna do not have bundle and coordinate the opportunity to meet often, making this a efforts, parti-cularly since unique gathering. He suggested bringing in parliament-arians are more bilateral agencies into the process as it already overloaded. He Amb. Andreas moves forward. stressed that it was important to bring in Nothelle, OSCE PA Mr. Kharé recommended that the initiative organizations like the taken in Vienna continue through: International Parliamentary Union (IPU). Mr. • An annual meeting. Bas noted that the IPU were invited but were unfortunately unable to come to the Vienna • The creation of a network of parliamentary meeting. However it is the hope of the World organizations. Bank that the IPU will participate in the follow- up work to the Vienna meeting. • The creation of a clearing house for information sharing and if possible, an e- Hon. Norbert Mao, MP (Uganda) (PNoWB) mail service. expressed his opinion that in order to have strong parliaments one needs to ensure: • Regional consultations with broader participation from the various regional • Parliamentary approval of all loans networks, some of whom were unable to • Independence of parliament from the come to Vienna. executive • Access to technology James Ketterer (SUNY/CID) recalled a question raised throughout the conference: He extolled parliamentarians to play their part. what makes a strong or weak parliament? Parliamentarians today are a lucky set of While the answer to this question is parliamentarians. More than ever before, incomplete, if one wants to strengthen people are ready and willing to listen to parliaments one needs some way of parliamentarians in the World Bank and other measuring success. international institutions. If parliamentarians fail now, it is largely their own fault. Also needed is continued public support for parliaments both domestically and globally. One must accept that strengthening parliaments may have the paradoxical effect of

50

Pär Granstedt (AWEPA) parliamentary networks working on specific explained that AWEPA issues to find new members. was currently playing a Scott Hubli (NDI) noted facilitating role in building that the changing attitudes an alliance of within the World Bank parliamentary forces for have led to increased NEPAD. He invited other networking and support for parliamentary networks to capacity building. The Pär Granstedt, join in this work. AWEPA challenge now is to move John Williams, MP beyond networks, trainings Hon. Med S. K. (Canada) (GOPAC) congratulated the World and conferences to find Kaggwa, EALA Bank for the progress it has made in opening new ways of supporting up to parliamentarians. He noted the difficulties institutions and processes. He gave three that many organizations have in finding examples of possible second generation funding and called for better coordination. activities: Hon. Med S. K. Kaggwa (EALA) asked what 1. Create a fund for parliamentary could be done to build legislators’ capacity. He development. The Bank has already also called for more coordination between supported improved public sector financial donors as there is often unnecessary management systems. Parliament should replication of workshops on similar themes. be included. Petra Bayr, MP (Austria), noted the upcoming 2. Work towards developing guidelines for IPU Second World Conference of Speakers of World Bank Country Directors on Parliaments to be held in New York on interaction with parliamentarians. September 7-9, 2005. She wondered if there 3. Go beyond the current research agenda were other parliamentary initiatives aimed at on governance and governance indicators giving input to the upcoming MDG+5 summit, to look at questions such as the which will take place in New York on the 14-19 percentage of national budgets used to of September. support parliament. Many parliaments are Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa under funded. (SADC Parliamentary Hon. Dennis Marshall, QSO (CPA) said it Forum) reiterated that was fantastic that organizations like the World parliamentarians are the Bank were finally recognizing the importance direct representatives of of parliaments. He called again for an informal the poor on a daily network of parliamentary organizations and a basis, yet MPs have clearing house for information. As most been the missing link in organizations present have limited capacity to the development chain, Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa, undertake such an effort alone, he asked that SADC PF particularly in Africa. He the World Bank and other donors continue to recommended putting provide support for this initiative. parliament back at the forefront of the development community’s efforts to build Hon. Kenneth Dzirasah, MP (Ghana) (PGA) strong institutions and improve the governance proposed strengthening local branches of the process. PNoWB and encouraged World Bank Country Directors to work more closely with Nick Dunlop (e-Parliament) noted the parliamentarians so that parliamentarians can willingness of the e-Parliament initiative to help serve as an instrument to bring development capture and share good policy ideas. The e- objectives to the people. Parliament can also undertake initiatives such as online parliamentary hearings. He Mag. Ulrike Lunacek, MP (Austria) endorsed encouraged parliamentarians present to the idea (put forth by Myles Wickstead from register with the e-Parliament and to indicate the Commission for Africa) of having countries their policy interests as this could help prepare progress reports on the MDGs and have these reports debated in parliaments.

51

She underlined the importance of political will, people working on education at the World saying that it is the task of parliamentarians Bank or the African Development Bank. among others to build the political will to get The World Bank needs to facilitate greater their governments to fulfill the commitments interaction through field offices. that they have made. Parliamentary organizations need to build interaction among themselves and bring in Paul Cook recommended that the World Bank all development actors as part of a begin to engage parliamentary staff as well as common effort. parliamentarians. In his experience, staff can become permanent issue advocates and can 3. Impact: increased impact can be achieved help orchestrate the flow of work. through joint action and issue campaigns. There are many issues to take up, such as Jean-Christophe Bas debt or trade. Participation also needs to affirmed that development be looked at seriously. requires an integrated, comprehensive approach. 4. Implementation: the international agenda Development is not just is very clear with the MDGs and Monterrey about health, education, Consensus - now it is time for governance or growth. He implementation. Monitoring how foreign Jean-Christophe summarized the rec- aid is distributed in developing countries is Bas, The World ommendations made during a step in the right direction. The strength or Bank the meeting through six “I’s”: capacity of parliaments must continue to be measured. Indicators may be an 1. Information: there is a need for greater effective way to do this. information sharing. Information needs to flow in both directions (from donor 5. Inclusiveness: the organizations present agencies and multilateral organizations to have asked to create a loose alliance. parliamentary groups and vice versa.) Perhaps some organizations should be Best practices and information on funding responsible for activating this alliance. The needs to be shared. Organizations need alliance should be inclusive. Parliamentary to understand donors’ agendas and organizations, assemblies, MPs, donor priorities. There is still much to be done to agencies, multilateral organizations; think increase and strengthen the role of tanks, foundations, institutes – all actors parliament in the PRSP process, but first working with parliamentarians on there is a need for clear understanding of development related issues are welcome. both best practices and weak points. 6. Informality: the proposed alliance does 2. Interaction: mechanisms for direct not require a great deal of structure. What interaction between parliamentary is needed is a community of good will organizations and their relevant where all are welcome to learn, share and interlocutors in multilateral and bilateral work together. agencies need to be set up. For example, Mr. Bas called on participants to continue the a group like FAPED which focuses on initiative taken in Vienna. education should to be connected with

52

Closing Remarks Speakers: Hon. Peter Schieder, MP (Austria), Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee Ian Goldin, Vice President for External Affairs, Communications and United Nations Affairs, The World Bank

On behalf of the Austrian While international affairs Parliament Hon. Peter were once the exclusive Schieder, MP (Austria) realm of national thanked the World Bank, governments, the global the Austrian Develop- community needs the ment Agency and the accountability provided Ministry for Foreign by parliaments. Parlia- Hon. Peter Schieder, Affairs for organizing the ments’ participation in Ian Goldin, The MP (Austria) Vienna conference, international structures World Bank which produced such should be institut- impressive discussions and results. ionalized. Although bringing parliaments into the international decision-making process may Hon. Schieder expressed particular concern on complicate things, the eventual benefits of the issue of HIV/AIDS. As a former president having a democratic process will outweigh the of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council costs. of Europe (PACE), he has been an active advocate in the struggle against HIV/AIDS Given the increased acceptance of democratic worldwide. The virus is expanding rapidly in accountability and transparency at the national Eastern Europe and there are already up to 14 level, there is no reason not to follow these million AIDS orphans in Africa alone. If this norms at the international level. Processes of population were itself one single country, it institutional change must always have a would be the 12th largest country of the 47 starting point, why not begin here? countries in the Council of Europe. Ian Goldin began by remarking on two These numbers must be said out loud to keep themes: participation and voice. In the “post- the immenseness of this tragedy in its proper Washington Consensus” Bank there is perspective. Behind each number there is a increased debate on participation and the name and a face, as well as a fear and a hope. importance of engaging people at all levels Hon. Schieder extolled conference participants (municipal, provincial, national) in decision- to accept their role to alleviate the millions of making. The parliamentary process has played fears and to keep alive millions of hopes. a leading role in building participation. However the participation story is not the same Hon. Schieder was encouraged by the as the democracy story since it applies progress in parliamentary engagement in the strongly in countries like China and others that development process. Parliamentarians’ role are not necessarily democratic. in development has gone from making simple declarations to taking part in serious The parallel debate on voice includes looking discussions, such as those taking place in at what giving greater voice means in terms of Vienna. The Vienna conference is an example governance of institutions. The World Bank is of true cooperation with development partners. not a democratic institution in many respects, But further steps need to be taken. The in large part because of the way it was proposed alliance of parliamentary conceived. However, even within the existing organizations needs to take real steps to constraints there is room for improvement, and ensure parliamentary participation in all working with the organizations present in international organizations. Vienna is one of the ways to help give parliamentarians greater voice within the Bank.

53

The creation of the Parliamentary Network on On the aid debate, questions around aid waste the World Bank was a major step forward for and perceptions of corruption around aid need the Bank. The alliance created in Vienna is to be addressed. This happens through complementary to the PNoWB and it is hoped parliamentary scrutiny, accountability and that it will help strengthen the PNoWB. The getting the facts straight. group in Vienna is much broader and more Mr. Goldin closed the conference by focused on development in general. reaffirming that the World Bank is committed to taking the Vienna initiative forward, but the Mr. Goldin called for greater coherence, process must be owned by the community of particularly on trade, education and migration. organizations present.

Joseph Odua Atiku, FAAPPD, Hon. Med S. K. Kaggwa, Claudia von Monbart, The World Bank (left) and Nour EALA, and Hon. Oloo Aringo, MP (Kenya) (l-r) Eddine Bouchkouj, AIPU (right)

Guy Fortier, APF, (left) Arne Lyngstad, MP (Norway) and Kristin Olafsdottir, Nordic Council; with Ousmane Sane, JurisAIDS (l-r)

54

Ian Goldin, The World Bank (left) and Mag. Andreas Lisa von Trapp (left) and Christopher Garroway (right), Schieder, Viennese City Council (right) The World Bank

Patrick Cirillo, IMF, leads Breakfast Session Jean-Christophe Bas, The World Bank (left) and Bert with the IMF Koenders, MP (The Netherlands), PNoWB (right)

Roger Hällhag, IDEA, Karin Scheele, MEP (Austria), ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, and Ilona Conference in plenary session. Graenitz, GLOBE Europe (l-r)

55

Appendix 1: List of Conference Participants

PARLIAMENTARIAN ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSEMBLIES

ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly Karin Scheele, MEP (Austria), Co-Chair, Committee on Social Affairs and the Environment

African Parliamentary Network on Poverty Reduction Hon. Louis Chimango, MP (Malawi), Board Member Rasheed Draman, Project Coordinator

Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union (AIPU) Nour Eddine Bouchkouj, Secretary General

Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD) Representative J.R. Nereus O. Acosta (Philippines), Deputy Secretary General Shiv Kharé, Executive Director

Assemblée Parlementaire de la Francophonie (APF) Guy Fortier, Conseiller de la commission de la coopération et du développement

AWEPA (European Parliamentarians for Africa) Pär Granstedt, Vice President Marc Holtkamp, Regional Program Coordinator –East Africa

Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) Hon. Denis Marshall QSO, Secretary General

East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) Hon. Med S.K. Kaggwa

ECOWAS Parliament Hon. Adeyemi Oluwale, MP (Nigeria) e-Parliament Hon. Dr. Wale Okediran MP (Nigeria) Nicholas Dunlop, Secretary General

Forum of African and Arab Parliamentarians on Population and Development (FAAPPD) Joseph Odua Atiku, Executive Director Hon. Al-haji Abdullah Salifu, MP (Ghana), President

Forum Africain des Parlementaires pour l’Education (FAPED) Aimé Damiba, Coordinator

Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC) John Williams, MP (Canada), Chair Meaghan Campbell, Program Manager

GLOBE Europe (Global Legislators’ Organization for a Balanced Environment) Ilona Graenitz, Director

57

Inter-American Parliamentary Group on Population and Development (IAPG) Carla Rivera-Avni, Executive Coordinator

Inter-European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development (IEPFPD) Neil Datta, Secretary

NATO Parliamentary Assembly Dr. Paul J. Cook, Director, Economics and Security Committee

Nordic Council Arne Lyngstad, MP (Norway), Chairman of the Citizens and Consumers Committee Kristin Olafsdottir, Senior Advisor

OSCE Parliamentary Assembly Ambassador Andreas Nothelle, Special Representative Kathrin Volz, Liason Officer

Parliament of Kenya Hon. Oloo Aringo, MP, Deputy Chair, Parliamentary Service Commission

Parliament of Austria Hon. Peter Schieder, MP, Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee Petra Bayr, MP, Chair, Subcommittee on Development Mag. Ulrike Lunacek, MP, Vice-President of the Foreign Affairs Committee Mag. Johann Moser, MP Christine Muttonen, MP

Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) Shazia Rafi, Secretary General Hon. Kenneth Dzirasah, MP (Ghana), President Ross Robertson, MP (New Zealand), Chair, International Council

PARLATINO Congresswoman Ana Elena Townsend Diez-Canseco (Peru), Secretaría de Relaciones Interinstitucionales (Chair, Latin American Parliamentarians Against Corruption)

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) Kimmo Sasi, MP (Finland), Chairman of the Sub-Committee on International Economic Relations Kjell Torbiorn, Head of Secretariat, Committee on Economic Affairs and Development

Parliamentary Network on the World Bank (PNoWB) Bert Koenders, MP (The Netherlands), Chair Hon. Norbert Mao, MP (Uganda), Board Member Tony Worthington, Board Member Zuleikha Salim Said, Coordinator

Southern African Development Community (SADC) Parliamentary Forum Dr. Kasuka Mutukwa, Secretary General Rumbidzai Kandawasvika-Nhundu, Gender Program Officer

58

THINK TANKS, INSTITUTES AND FOUNDATIONS

Asia-Europe Foundation Cathy Pablan, Project Manager for People-to-People Exchanges

Center for International Development, State University of New York (SUNY/CID) James Ketterer, Director Marc Cassidy, Country Director, SUNY/Kenya

European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM) Gwénaëlle Corre, Programme Officer, Actors of Partnership

Friedrich Ebert Foundation Christiane Kesper, Head, Department for Development Policy

Helsinki Process Heidi Hautala, MP (Finland), Member, Track One Group: New Approaches to Global Problem Solving Aleksi Aaltonen, Project Officer Eero Kytömaa, Programme Manager

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) Roger Hällhag, Head of Programme for Political Parties

JurisAIDS Ousmane Sane, Executive Director

National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) K. Scott Hubli, Director, Governance Programs

University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies Robert Chambers, Research Associate, Participation Group

University of Vienna, Institute for Communication and Media Studies Prof. Dr. Thomas A. Bauer

59

MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL REPRESENTATIVES

African Development Bank (AfDB) Abdul-Nashiru Issahaku, Senior Governance Expert, Operations Policies and Review Department

Agence française de développement Jean-Pierre Barral, Head of AFD Strategic Project

Austrian Development Agency Margit Scherb, Director Robert Zeiner, Director Veronika Baumgartner Walttraus Rabitsch Fanziska Walter

Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs Ambassador Dr. Irene Freudenschuss-Reichl, Director General Anton Mair, Deputy Director General Frans Hörlberger, Director Josef Muellner, Director Ursula Heinrich Anita Weiss-Gänger

Austrian Ministry of Finance Kurt Bayer, Deputy Director General for Economic Policy and International Affairs Konstantin Huber

Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation Sam Biesemans, Advisor on EU Development Policies, Belgian Development Cooperation

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) John Lobsinger, Senior Policy Analyst, Democracy and Governance, Democratic Institutions and Conflict Division Policy Branch

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Martha Gutierrez, Head of Project, Democratisation and Rule of Law

International Monetary Fund Patrick Cirillo, Deputy Chief, Public Affairs Division, External Relations Department Michaela Schrader, External Relations Department

Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland Ilari Rantakari, Ambassador for the Helsinki Process

UNESCO Christina von Furstenberg, Chief, Section for Policy and International Cooperation, Division of Social Science, Research and Policy, Sector for Social and Human Sciences

UNFPA Asger Ryhl, Chief, UNFPA Nordic Office

UNIDO Abel Rwendeire, Managing Director, Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division

60

Andrey Lazykin, Senior Liason Officer

UNITAR Berta Pesti, Associate Programme Officer, Decentralized Cooperation Programme

United Nations Millennium Development Goals Campaign Eveline Herfkens, UN Secretary General’s Executive Coordinator for the Millennium Development Goals campaign

US Agency for International Development (USAID) Keith Schulz, Legislative Strengthening Advisor, Governance Division, Office of Democracy and Governance

The World Bank Ian Goldin, Vice President for External Affairs, Communications and United Nations Affairs Zia Qureshi, Senior Adviser, Global Monitoring Secretariat Nick van Praag, Communications Advisor, Europe and Central Asia Vinay K. Bhargava, Director, International Affairs Debrework Zewdie, Director, Global HIV/AIDS Program Mats Karlsson, Country Director for Ghana, Liberia, and Sierra Leone Caroline Kende-Robb, Sector Manager, Social Development Jean-Christophe Bas, Development Policy Dialogue Manager Claudia von Monbart, Senior Counsellor External Affairs Cosma Gatere, Communications Specialist, Country Office for Kenya, Eritrea and Somalia Ivar-Andre Slengesol, Communications Associate, Development Policy Dialogue Guggi Laryea, Consultant, Civil Society, the European Parliament Nayé Bathily, Development Policy Dialogue Lisa von Trapp, Development Policy Dialogue Christopher Garroway, External Affairs Europe Fabien Marry, External Affairs Europe

OBSERVERS

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (AGEZ) Elfriede Schachner

Austrian Family Planning Association (ÖGF) Elisabeth Pracht, Executive Director

International Department, Parliament of Finland Guy Lindstrom, Deputy Director

International Press Institute (IPI) Michael Kudlak, Coordinator and Press Freedom Adviser

Koordinierungsstelle der österreichischen Bischofskonferenz (KOO) Hilde Wipfel

Licht für die Welt Johannes Trimmel, Head of Project Department

61

Österreichisches Nord-Süd-Institut (ÖNSI) Norman Spitzegger Inge Jäger Nadja Schuster

Wiener Institut für Entwicklungsfragen (VIDC) Nikos Tzaferis

Women without Borders Dr. Elisabeth Kasbauer

62

Appendix 2: List of Internet Resources

PARLIAMENTARIAN ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSEMBLIES

ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly: http://www.europarl.eu.int/intcoop/acp African Parliamentary Network on Poverty Reduction: http://www.parlcent.ca/africa/prnetwork/pr_network_e.php Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union (AIPU): http://www.arab-ipu.org Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD): http://www.afppd.org Assemblée Parlementaire de la Francophonie (APF): http://apf.francophonie.org AWEPA (European Parliamentarians for Africa): http://www.awepa.org Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA): http://www.cpahq.org East African Legislative Assembly (EALA): http://www.eac.int/eala ECOWAS Parliament (Economic Community of West African States): http://www.parl.ecowas.int e-Parliament: http://www.e-parl.net Forum for African Parliamentarians for Education (FAPED): http://www.unesco.org (under Regions select Africa; under Themes select Education; under Regional Initiatives select FAPED) Global Legislators Organization for a Balanced Environment (GLOBE): http://www.globeinternational.org Global Organization of Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC): http://www.parlcent.ca/gopac/index_e.php Inter-American Parliamentary Group on Population and Development (IAPG): http://www.iapg.org Inter-European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development (IEPFPD): http://www.iepfpd.org Latin American Parliamentarians Against Corruption (LAPAC): http://www.oplacc.org NATO Parliamentary Assembly: http://www.nato-pa.int Nordic Council: http://www.norden.org OSCE Parliamentary Assembly: http://www.osce.org/pa Parlamento Latinoamericano (Parlatino): http://www.parlatino.org Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA): http://www.pgaction.org Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE): http://assembly.coe.int Parliamentary Network on the World Bank (PNoWB): http://www.pnowb.org Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Parliamentary Forum: http://www.sadcpf.org

THINK TANKS, INSTITUTES AND FOUNDATIONS

Asia-Europe Foundation: http://www.asef.org

63

Center for International Development, State University of New York (SUNY/CID): http://www.cid.suny.edu European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM): http://www.ecpdm.org Friedrich Ebert Foundation: http://www.fes.de Helsinki Process: http://www.helsinkiprocess.fi International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA): http://www.idea.int JurisAIDS: http://www.jurisaids.org National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI): http://www.ndi.org University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies: http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids University of Vienna, Institute for Communication and Media Studies: http://www.univie.ac.at/Publizistik

MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL REPRESENTATIVES

African Development Bank (AfDB): http://www.afdb.org/ Agence française de développement : http://www.afd.fr Austrian Development Agency (ADA): http://ada.gv.at Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs: http://www.bmaa.gv.at Austrian Ministry of Finance: http://www.bmf.gv.at Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation: http://www.diplomatie.be Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA): http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH: http://www.gtz.de International Monetary Fund (IMF): http://www.imf.org Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Finland: http://formin.finland.fi UNESCO: http://www.unesco.org UNFPA: http://www.unfpa.org UNIDO: http://www.unido.org UNITAR: http://www.unitar.org United Nations Millennium Development Goals Campaign: http://www.millenniumcampaign.org US Agency for International Development (USAID): http://www.usaid.gov The World Bank: http://www.worldbank.org (for resources specifically related to the Bank’s work with parliamentarians: http://www.worldbank.org/parliamentarians )

OTHER LINKS OF INTEREST

AGEZ (Working Association for Development Cooperation, comprising 30 Austrian NGOs): http://www.oneworl.at/agez

64

Commission for Africa: http://www.commissionforafrica.org Global Monitoring Report 2005: http://www.worldbank.org/globalmonitoring Inter-Parliamentary Union: http://www.ipu.org Parliament of Austria: http://www.parlinkom.gv.at The Supplies Initiative: http://www.rhsupplies.org UNDP Parliamentary Development: http://www.undp.org/governance/parldev.htm

65

The World Bank

Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs Austrian Development Agency www.bmaa.gv.at www.ada.gv.at The World Bank www.worldbank.org www.worldbank.org/parliamentarians