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In-Depth Evaluation of Redirect Tracking and Link Usage
Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies ; 2020 (4):394–413 Martin Koop*, Erik Tews, and Stefan Katzenbeisser In-Depth Evaluation of Redirect Tracking and Link Usage Abstract: In today’s web, information gathering on 1 Introduction users’ online behavior takes a major role. Advertisers use different tracking techniques that invade users’ privacy It is common practice to use different tracking tech- by collecting data on their browsing activities and inter- niques on websites. This covers the web advertisement ests. To preventing this threat, various privacy tools are infrastructure like banners, so-called web beacons1 or available that try to block third-party elements. How- social media buttons to gather data on the users’ on- ever, there exist various tracking techniques that are line behavior as well as privacy sensible information not covered by those tools, such as redirect link track- [52, 69, 73]. Among others, those include information on ing. Here, tracking is hidden in ordinary website links the user’s real name, address, gender, shopping-behavior pointing to further content. By clicking those links, or or location [4, 19]. Connecting this data with informa- by automatic URL redirects, the user is being redirected tion gathered from search queries, mobile devices [17] through a chain of potential tracking servers not visible or content published in online social networks [5, 79] al- to the user. In this scenario, the tracker collects valuable lows revealing further privacy sensitive information [62]. data about the content, topic, or user interests of the This includes personal interests, problems or desires of website. Additionally, the tracker sets not only third- users, political or religious views, as well as the finan- party but also first-party tracking cookies which are far cial status. -
About:Config .Init About:Me About:Presentation Web 2.0 User
about:config .init about:me about:presentation Web 2.0 User View Technical View Simple Overview Picture Complex Overview Picture Main Problems Statistics I Statistics II .next Targets Of Attack Targets Methods Kinds Of Session Hijacking SQL Injection Introduction Examples SQL Injection Picture Analysis SQL Escaping SQL Escaping #2 SQL Parameter Binding XSS Introduction What Can It Do? Main Problem Types Of XSS Components Involved In XSS Reflected XSS Picture Reflected XSS Analysis (Server Side) Stored XSS Picture Server Side Stored XSS (Local) DOM XSS Example Picture local DOM XSS CSRF Introduction Example Picture CSRF Session Riding Analysis Complex Example Hijack Via DNS + XSS Picture DNS+XSS Combo Cookie Policy Analysis Variant Components .next Misplaced Trust 3rd Party Script Picture Trust 3rd Party Script Analysis Misplaced Trust In Middleware Misplaced Trust In ServerLocal Data Picture Local Scripts Analysis Same Origin Policy Frame Policy UI Redressing Introduction Clickjacking Picture Clickjacking Analysis BREAK .next Summary of Defense Strategies "Best Effort" vs. "Best Security" Protection against Hijacking Session Theft Riding, Fixation, Prediction Separate by Trust Validation Why Input Validation at Server Check Origin and Target of Request Validation of Form Fields Validation of File Upload Validation Before Forwarding Validation of Server Output Validation of Target in Client Validation of Origin in Client Validation of Input in Client Normalization What's That? Normalizing HTML Normalizing XHTML Normalizing Image, Audio, -
IBM Cognos Analytics - Reporting Version 11.1
IBM Cognos Analytics - Reporting Version 11.1 User Guide IBM © Product Information This document applies to IBM Cognos Analytics version 11.1.0 and may also apply to subsequent releases. Copyright Licensed Materials - Property of IBM © Copyright IBM Corp. 2005, 2021. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. IBM, the IBM logo and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at " Copyright and trademark information " at www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml. The following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies: • Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. • Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. • Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. • Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. • UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. • Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. -
Database Globalization Support Guide
Oracle® Database Database Globalization Support Guide 19c E96349-05 May 2021 Oracle Database Database Globalization Support Guide, 19c E96349-05 Copyright © 2007, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Primary Author: Rajesh Bhatiya Contributors: Dan Chiba, Winson Chu, Claire Ho, Gary Hua, Simon Law, Geoff Lee, Peter Linsley, Qianrong Ma, Keni Matsuda, Meghna Mehta, Valarie Moore, Cathy Shea, Shige Takeda, Linus Tanaka, Makoto Tozawa, Barry Trute, Ying Wu, Peter Wallack, Chao Wang, Huaqing Wang, Sergiusz Wolicki, Simon Wong, Michael Yau, Jianping Yang, Qin Yu, Tim Yu, Weiran Zhang, Yan Zhu This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. -
Plain Text & Character Encoding
Journal of eScience Librarianship Volume 10 Issue 3 Data Curation in Practice Article 12 2021-08-11 Plain Text & Character Encoding: A Primer for Data Curators Seth Erickson Pennsylvania State University Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/jeslib Part of the Scholarly Communication Commons, and the Scholarly Publishing Commons Repository Citation Erickson S. Plain Text & Character Encoding: A Primer for Data Curators. Journal of eScience Librarianship 2021;10(3): e1211. https://doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2021.1211. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/jeslib/vol10/iss3/12 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of eScience Librarianship by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 2161-3974 JeSLIB 2021; 10(3): e1211 https://doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2021.1211 Full-Length Paper Plain Text & Character Encoding: A Primer for Data Curators Seth Erickson The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Abstract Plain text data consists of a sequence of encoded characters or “code points” from a given standard such as the Unicode Standard. Some of the most common file formats for digital data used in eScience (CSV, XML, and JSON, for example) are built atop plain text standards. Plain text representations of digital data are often preferred because plain text formats are relatively stable, and they facilitate reuse and interoperability. -
DICOM PS3.5 2021C
PS3.5 DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 2 PS3.5: DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Copyright © 2021 NEMA A DICOM® publication - Standard - DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 3 Table of Contents Notice and Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 1. Scope and Field of Application ............................................................................................................................. 17 2. Normative References ....................................................................................................................................... 19 3. Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 4. Symbols and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 27 5. Conventions ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 6. Value Encoding ............................................................................................................................................... -
Download Forecheck Guide
Forecheck Content 1 Welcome & Introduction 5 2 Overview: What Forecheck Can Do 6 3 First Steps 7 4 Projects and Analyses 9 5 Scheduler and Queue 12 6 Important Details 13 6.1 La..n..g..u..a..g..e..s.,. .C...h..a..r.a..c..t.e..r. .S..e..t.s.. .a..n..d.. .U..n..i.c..o..d..e....................................................................... 13 6.2 Ch..o..o..s..i.n..g.. .t.h..e.. .c.o..r..r.e..c..t. .F..o..n..t............................................................................................. 14 6.3 St.o..r.a..g..e.. .L..o..c..a..t.i.o..n.. .o..f. .D..a..t.a................................................................................................ 15 6.4 Fo..r.e..c..h..e..c..k. .U...s.e..r.-.A...g..e..n..t. .a..n..d.. .W...e..b.. .A..n..a..l.y..s.i.s.. .T..o..o..l.s............................................................. 15 6.5 Er.r.o..r.. .H..a..n..d..l.i.n..g................................................................................................................ 17 6.6 Ro..b..o..t.s...t.x..t.,. .n..o..i.n..d..e..x..,. .n..o..f.o..l.l.o..w......................................................................................... 18 6.7 Co..m...p..l.e..t.e.. .A..n..a..l.y..s..i.s. .o..f. .l.a..r.g..e.. .W....e..b..s.i.t.e..s............................................................................. 20 6.8 Fi.n..d..i.n..g.. .a..l.l. .p..a..g..e..s. .o..f. .a.. .W....e..b..s.i.t.e....................................................................................... 21 6.9 Go..o..g..l.e.. .A...n..a..l.y.t.i.c..s. -
Fun with Unicode - an Overview About Unicode Dangers
Fun with Unicode - an overview about Unicode dangers by Thomas Skora Overview ● Short Introduction to Unicode/UTF-8 ● Fooling charset detection ● Ambigiuous Encoding ● Ambigiuous Characters ● Normalization overflows your buffer ● Casing breaks your XSS filter ● Unicode in domain names – how to short payloads ● Text Direction Unicode/UTF-8 ● Unicode = Character set ● Encodings: – UTF-8: Common standard in web, … – UTF-16: Often used as internal representation – UTF-7: if the 8th bit is not safe – UTF-32: yes, it exists... UTF-8 ● Often used in Internet communication, e.g. the web. ● Efficient: minimum length 1 byte ● Variable length, up to 7 bytes (theoretical). ● Downwards-compatible: First 127 chars use ASCII encoding ● 1 Byte: 0xxxxxxx ● 2 Bytes: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx ● 3 Bytes: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx ● ...got it? ;-) UTF-16 ● Often used for internal representation: Java, .NET, Windows, … ● Inefficient: minimum length per char is 2 bytes. ● Byte Order? Byte Order Mark! → U+FEFF – BOM at HTML beginning overrides character set definition in IE. ● Y\x00o\x00u\x00 \x00k\x00n\x00o\x00w\x00 \x00t\x00h\x00i\x00s\x00?\x00 UTF-7 ● Unicode chars in not 8 bit-safe environments. Used in SMTP, NNTP, … ● Personal opinion: browser support was an inside job of the security industry. ● Why? Because: <script>alert(1)</script> == +Adw-script+AD4-alert(1)+ADw-/script+AD4- ● Fortunately (for the defender) support is dropped by browser vendors. Byte Order Mark ● U+FEFF ● Appears as:  ● W3C says: BOM has priority over declaration – IE 10+11 just dropped this insecure behavior, we should expect that it comes back. – http://www.w3.org/International/tests/html-css/character- encoding/results-basics#precedence – http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-byte-order -mark.en#bomhow ● If you control the first character of a HTML document, then you also control its character set. -
Lxmldoc-4.5.0.Pdf
lxml 2020-01-29 Contents Contents 2 I lxml 14 1 lxml 15 Introduction................................................. 15 Documentation............................................... 15 Download.................................................. 16 Mailing list................................................. 17 Bug tracker................................................. 17 License................................................... 17 Old Versions................................................. 17 2 Why lxml? 18 Motto.................................................... 18 Aims..................................................... 18 3 Installing lxml 20 Where to get it................................................ 20 Requirements................................................ 20 Installation................................................. 21 MS Windows............................................. 21 Linux................................................. 21 MacOS-X............................................... 21 Building lxml from dev sources....................................... 22 Using lxml with python-libxml2...................................... 22 Source builds on MS Windows....................................... 22 Source builds on MacOS-X......................................... 22 4 Benchmarks and Speed 23 General notes................................................ 23 How to read the timings........................................... 24 Parsing and Serialising........................................... 24 The ElementTree -
Automatic Detection of Character Encoding and Language
Automatic Detection of Character Encoding and Language Seungbeom Kim, Jongsoo Park {sbkim,jongsoo}@stanford.edu CS 229, Machine Learning Autumn 2007 Stanford University 1 Introduction their methods, we aimed at a simple algorithm which can be uniformly applied to every charset, and the algorithm The Internet is full of textual contents in various lan- is based on well-established, standard machine learning guages and character encodings, and their communica- techniques. We also studied the relationship between lan- tion across the linguistic borders is ever increasing. Since guage and charset detection, and compared byte-based al- the different encodings are not compatible with one an- gorithms and character-based algorithms. We used Na¨ıve other, communication protocols such as HTTP, HTML, Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). and MIME are equipped with mechanisms to tag the char- Using the documents downloaded from Wikipedia [6], acter encoding (a.k.a. charset) used in the delivered con- we evaluated different combinations of algorithms and tent. However, as native speakers of a language whose compared them with the universal charset detector in character set does not fit in US-ASCII, we have encoun- Mozilla. We found two promising algorithms. The first tered a lot of web pages and e-mail messages that are one is a simple SVM whose feature is the frequency of encoded in or labeled with a wrong character encoding, byte values. The algorithm is uniform and very easy to which is often annoying or frustrating. Many authors, implement. It also only needs maximum 256 table entries especially of e-mail messages, are not aware of the en- per each charset and the detection time is much shorter coding issues, and their carelessness in choosing correct than other algorithms. -
CSE 190 M (Web Programming), Spring 2008 University of Washington
Extra Slides, week 2 CSE 190 M (Web Programming), Spring 2008 University of Washington Reading: Chapter 2, sections 2.4 - 2.6 Except where otherwise noted, the contents of this presentation are © Copyright 2008 Marty Stepp and Jessica Miller and are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License. Additional XHTML Tags for adding metadata and icons to a page Web page metadata: <meta> information about your page (for a browser, search engine, etc.) <meta name="description" content="Authors' web site for Building Java Programs." /> <meta name="keywords" content="java, textbook" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> placed in the head of your XHTML page meta tags often have both the name and content attributes some meta tags use the http-equiv attribute instead of name meta element to aid browser / web server <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=" type of document (character encoding)" /> <meta http-equiv="refresh" content=" how often to refresh the page (seconds)" /> </head> using the Content-Type gets rid of the W3C "tentatively valid" warning <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> the meta refresh tag can also redirect from one page to another: <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=http://www.bjp.com " /> why would we want to do this? (example ) meta element to describe the page <head> <meta name="author" content=" web page's author " /> <meta name="revised" content=" web page version and/or last modification date " /> <meta name="generator" -
Web Internationalization
Web Internationalization Abstract This is an introduction to internationalization on Web Internationalization the World Wide Web. The audience will learn about the standards that provide for global Standards and Practice interoperability and come away with an understanding of how to work with multilingual data on the Web. Character representation and the Unicode-based Reference Processing Model are described in detail. HTML, including HTML5, XHTML, XML (eXtensible Markup Language; for general markup), and CSS (Cascading Style Tex Texin, XenCraft Sheets; for styling information) are given Copyright © 2002-2018 Tex Texin particular emphasis. Internationalization and Unicode Conference IUC42 Web Internationalization Slide 2 Objectives Legend For This Presentation • Describe the standards that define the Icons used to indicate current product support: architecture & principles for I18N on the web • Scope limited to markup languages Google Internet Firefox Chrome Explorer • Provide practical advice for working with Supported: international data on the web, including the design and implementation of multilingual web Partially supported: sites and localization considerations Not supported: • Be introductory level – Condense 3 hours to 75-90 minutes. Caution This presentation and example code are available at: Highlights a note for users or developers to be careful. www.xencraft.com/training/webstandards.html Web Internationalization – Standards and Practice Slide 3 Web Internationalization Slide 4 How does the multilingual Web work? A Simple HTML Example Page • How does the server know – my language? – The encodings my browser supports? • Which Unicode normalization is best? • Are all Unicode characters useful on the Web? • Should I use character escapes or text? • Can CSS designs support multiple languages? Web Internationalization Slide 5 Web Internationalization Slide 6 Copyright © Tex Texin 2018.