Chapter 05: Planning Considerations

Table of Contents

5.1 Introduction 5.2 UK Wide Planning Policies 5.3 Welsh National Planning Advice & Policies 5.4 Development Plan Policies 5.5 LANDMAP 5.6 Summary

Table of Figures

Figure 5.1 TAN8 Strategic Search Areas

List of Tables

Table 5.1 Other Relevant UDP Policies

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation

planning considerations

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 This chapter sets out planning policies including UK, Welsh and local Technical Advice Note 8: Planning for Renewable development plan policies directly relevant to the proposed overhead line and Energy (TAN8), July 2005 assesses it against these policies. In respect of local development plan policies, reference is first made to the Powys County Structure Plan. No reference is 5.3.3 TAN8 provides technical advice to supplement the policy set out in Planning made to Montgomeryshire Local Plan as it has never been adopted and does not Policy Wales (PPW) and the Ministerial Interim Planning Policy Statement (MIPPS) therefore form part of the Development Plan. For this reason, reference is made on Renewable Energy, which amends PPW, and should be read in conjunction to the more recent Powys Unitary Development Plan Deposit Draft (UDP). with these documents. Both these documents must be taken into account by local planning authorities as material to decisions on planning applications. 5.1.2 Following the main policy considerations, this chapter then identifies the key TAN8 is also relevant to the authorisation of electricity generation schemes by local planning policies that need to be considered in the subsequent assessment the UK Government under Section 36 and Section 37 of the Electricity Act 1989. in respect of each of the environmental topics included in this Environmental Statement (ES). 5.3.4 TAN8 notes that the planning system has an important role to play in achieving the Welsh Assembly Government’s commitment to enabling the deployment of all forms of renewable energy. Paragraph 2.2 states that onshore wind power 5.2 UK Wide Planning Policies offers the greatest potential for an increase in the generation of electricity from renewable energy. In order to try and meet the target for onshore wind development, as set by UK energy policy, the Welsh Assembly Government has National Policy Statements identified areas for all large scale onshore wind development. These discrete 5.2.1 In November 2009, the Government published six draft National Policy geographical areas are known as Strategic Search Areas (SSA). The Llandinam Statements (NPSs) including, the draft Overarching NPS for Energy (EN-1), wind farm is located just outside SSA C Newtown South, as shown in Figure 5.1: the draft NPS for Renewable Energy Infrastructure (EN-3) and the draft NPS for TAN8 Strategic Search Areas. Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5). These will be the primary consideration for the new Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC) when it makes decisions 5.3.5 In Annex C paragraph 2.11, the need for connection to the electricity grid is on applications for development consent for nationally significant energy identified and in paragraph 2.13 it is noted that the electrical grid capacity is very infrastructure. As such NPSs will be material consideration in respect to the restricted in Mid Wales and the construction of new network is required. consideration of applications by local planning authorities. The aim of the NPSs is to have a significant positive effect at the national policy level by contributing Renewable Energy Route Map for Wales 2008 to the delivery of a low carbon economy and security of supply in line with the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan – National strategy for climate and energy, which sets 5.3.6 The Welsh Assembly Government has been reviewing its own national energy out a detailed low carbon transition plan to 2020. policy and has prepared the Renewable Energy Route Map for Wales, which was published in March 2008. This document highlights the need and reasons for meeting renewable energy targets and a series of actions required for meeting Energy Act 2008 these targets. It states that the development of additional electricity infrastructure 5.2.2 The 2008 Energy Act, although not a planning policy document, emphasises in Mid Wales is crucial to reaching renewable energy targets. improving the security of energy supply and creating a general presumption in favour of energy schemes, which meet this objective. The Energy Act refers to UK Government support for a Statement of Need for renewable energy schemes, 5.4 Development Plan Policies which is intended to facilitate the development of more renewable energy. Powys County Structure Plan (Replacement) 1996 5.3 Welsh National Planning Advice & Policies 5.4.1 The Structure Plan states its support for renewable energy in Section 2 where a Strategic Aim under Environment and Conservation is to ‘encourage or enable proposals directed at energy efficiency or energy generation from renewable Planning Policy Wales (PPW), March 2002 as amended sources.’ by Ministerial Interim Planning Policy Statement 01/2005: Planning for Renewable Energy, July 2005 5.4.2 With regard to overhead lines the relevant Structure Plan policy is Policy CS11: 5.3.1 The Welsh Assembly Government is committed to sustainable development, Utilities. This states that development by statutory undertakers who provide aiming to provide 800MW of renewable energy from onshore wind energy water, drainage, sewerage and sewage disposal, electricity and gas services, development by 2010. Planning Policy Wales, as amended by Ministerial Interim which require planning permission will normally be permitted, provided that Planning Policy Statement 01/2005, states in Paragraph 12.8.12 that local planning they: authorities should facilitate the development of all forms of renewable energy, and that they should ensure that development control decisions contribute to  Are capable of being provided with a safe and acceptable road access, national renewable energy targets. servicing, turning and parking provision where required.

 Are sited and designed to be sympathetic to the character, appearance 5.3.2 Paragraph 12.10.1 states that: and natural beauty of their surroundings.

‘Local planning authorities should consider the effects of any scheme and  Are in conformity with the wide range of conservation policies contained its associated infrastructure in relation to sustainable development criteria in the Plan, including conservation of historic and archaeological features, relating to economic, social and environmental effects including the need to habitats, protected species and ecosystems. meet national renewable energy targets.  Are capable of being landscaped to the satisfaction of the local planning Where a development is likely to cause demonstrable harm to a designated authority, where relevant, including the retention of existing trees and/ area by virtue of having a significant adverse effect on the qualities for which or hedgerows and the planting of native trees wherever possible, having the site was designated, consideration should be given to refusing the regard to the safety and integrity of the system. development if such effects cannot be overcome by mitigation measures,  Are sited and designed so as to avoid causing unacceptable adverse planning conditions or obligations. Conditions should also be attached to effects upon the amenities of neighbouring land uses. any planning permission specifying requirements for removal of the turbines and all associated infrastructure and remediation of the site as soon as their  Do not create unacceptable planning, access, service, environmental or use ceases.’ amenity problems.

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32 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation planning considerations

The Powys Unitary Development Plan Deposit Draft adversely affected, in view of the length of the line, the number is not considered 2004 (as modified Nov 07 & May 08) excessive. Having assessed the effects of the proposed overhead line, it has been concluded that there will be some long-term significant effects on cultural 5.4.3 As part of the scoping response, as referred to in Chapter 2.0: Environmental heritage assets. It is recognised that it is likely that Powys CC will consider that Impact Assessment Methodology and Significance Criteria, Powys County there is a conflict with policy. This particular policy matter will need, however, to Council (Powys CC) Planning has indicated that, little weight should be attached be considered in the context of all other relevant policies in the UDP. to the Montgomeryshire Local Plan. The Council advises that reference should be made to Policy DC12 and paragraph 12.12, which state: 5.5.9 Amenity – The routeing exercise was also carried out with the key objective of avoiding effects on the amenities of neighbouring land uses (farming, residential, Policy DC12: Overhead Lines and Pipelines – commercial) and the route proposed is not considered to affect these adjoining All lines should be placed underground unless there are overriding reasons activities in an adverse way. Furthermore, the consultation process has led to for them not to be. Lines should be routed to minimise effect on the changes to reduce any amenity effects further, particularly with respect to Kerry landscape and natural and built environment. This is particularly so in Ridgeway. important landscapes and areas of conservation or archaeological interest. Where overhead lines are unavoidable they should follow hedgerows, 5.4.10 Powys CC also advises that Policy E3: Wind Power should be referred to and, woodland margins, low-lying land and folds in the landscape wherever in respect of overhead lines; the following section of this policy is relevant: possible. Policy E3: Wind Power Paragraph 12.12: Energy Transmission Electricity power lines are clearly the most familiar form of energy Any ancillary structures or buildings are so sited and designed (including the transmission apparatus but heat mains (pipelines) also need to be use of locally appropriate construction materials) so as to adequately blend considered in this section. Both could and should be buried wherever into their setting. practicable. As with the pipelines on a hydro scheme, great care needs to be taken in some locations to ensure that no ecological or archaeological 5.4.11 Other UDP policies of relevance to the connection are included in Table 5.1. damage is done. The careful removal and subsequent replacement of turfs will be the norm even in circumstances where the flora is not seen TABLE 5.1: OTHER RELEVANT UDP POLICIES as being particularly important. Whilst the Council is not normally the Landscape & Visual (Chapter 6.0) decision-making authority in respect of power lines, they are considered to be an integral part of the considerations in respect of electricity generation Policy ENV2: Safeguarding the Landscape – projects. The relevant UDP policy is DC12. Proposals for the development and the use of land should take account of the high quality of the landscape in Powys and be appropriate and sensitive to 5.5.4 In response to Policy DC 12, SPEN considers the following. character and landscape. Ecology (including Woodlands, Hedgerows & Trees)(Chapter 7.0)  The overriding reasons why the proposed line or sections of it cannot be Policy ENV3: Safeguarding Biodiversity and Natural Habitats placed underground. – The need to maintain biodiversity and the nature conservation and amenity  How the line has been routed to minimise the effect on the landscape value of habitats and features that are of major importance for wild flora and and natural and built environment. fauna is recognised.

 How attempts have been made to follow hedgerows and woodland Policy ENV7: Protected Species – margins and landscape forms as much as possible. Developments which contravene the protection afforded to European  What measures have been taken to reduce effects on amenity. Protected species will only be permitted where necessary in the interests of public health or safety. Evidence will be required to prove that other sites were 5.5.5 Undergrounding – As explained in Chapter 3.0: Design Evolution, there are considered but proved unsuitable. Where protected species are affected, costs and technical issues relating to underground cabling. There are also conditions to safeguard the species in question will be attached. environmental reasons. From this perspective, laying cables can often be more Policy ENV9: Woodland Planting – intrusive resulting in ecological disturbance. The trench width is often significantly wider than would otherwise be expected since individual cables need to be laid New planting, restocking, natural regeneration and management of existing in separate trenches. The total width of construction activity ranges from 15 - 30 woodland will be encouraged. metres depending on the power to be transmitted and on site conditions. The Cultural Heritage (Chapter 8.0) amount of soil and rock excavated is significantly greater than for an equivalent length of overhead line. Therefore there is a significant effect on the landscape Policy ENV16: Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic during construction which can damage environmentally sensitive habitats Interest and cause restrictions on future land use. Whilst SPEN is sensitive to public Development will be opposed where proposals will unacceptably adversely perception over the issue of placing cables underground rather than overhead, affect the character or appearance of historic parks and gardens and their their policy is to attempt to find an overhead line route for all new high voltage setting. In considering development proposals, the special historic interest of connections and only consider undergrounding in exceptional circumstances. historic landscapes included in Part 2 of the Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales, will be protected. 5.5.6 Landscape and Visual Effects – Policy DC12, requires overhead lines to be Policy ENV17: Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites routed to minimise the effect on the landscape. Chapter 3.0: Design Evolution Development unacceptably affecting the site or the setting of a scheduled and Chapter 4.0: Project Description refers to the preferred wood pole design ancient monument or an archaeological site will not be permitted and other and routeing process carried out for this project. With this in mind, SPEN sites of archaeological importance will be safeguarded where possible. consider that measures have been taken to ensure that the overhead line will blend into the landscape as much as possible. Having assessed the effects of Policy ENV18: Development Proposals Affecting Archaeological Sites the proposed overhead line, it has been concluded that there will be some long- Where a proposal affects a site containing important archaeological remains, term significant landscape or visual effects, although these will generally be very an archaeological field evaluation will be required. localised. It is recognised that it is likely that Powys CC will consider that there is a conflict with policy. This particular policy matter will need, however, to be Hydrology (Chapter 9.0) considered in the context of all other relevant policies in the UDP. Policy SP14: Development in Flood Risk Areas Development within an area of high risk of flooding will only be permitted if it 5.5.7 Assimilation into the Landscape – Policy DC12 requires overhead lines to be can be demonstrated that the development is of strategic importance, that routed to follow hedgerows and woodland margins – essentially the grain of the the consequences of any flooding will be acceptable for the development landscape as far as practicable. Chapter 6.0: Landscape and Visual Assessment proposed, and that it will not give rise to any unacceptable flooding impacts examines this further. With this in mind, SPEN consider that measures have elsewhere. been taken to ensure the overhead line will blend into the landscape as much as possible. Policy DC9: Protection of Water Resources This relates to the need for development to avoid adverse effects on water 5.5.8 Areas of Conservation and Archaeological Interest – Policy DC12 requires quality, the quantity or flow of surface or ground water, the use of water and overhead lines to be routed to minimise effects on areas of conservation and should not lead to pollution of water resources. archaeological interest. Chapter 8.0: Cultural Heritage considers this further. The routeing exercise was carried out with the purpose of avoiding wherever DC13: Surface Water Drainage This confirms that new development proposals will be permitted where there possible designated sites of cultural heritage and ecological interest and whilst would be no adverse effect on flooding and flood management. there are some cultural heritage assets, which might be directly or indirectly

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 33 Interim Development Control Guidance (IDCG): Onshore Wind Farm Developments (July 2008) 5.4.12 The Interim Development Control Guidance is the latest version of Powys County Council policy relating to onshore wind farm developments, offering further guidance and advice on how the local planning authority will deal with applications for wind farm development. It refines the TAN8 Strategic Search Areas B, C and D. The Llandinam wind farm proposal, and approximately 4km of the overhead line, fall almost completely within the Refined Newtown South SSA C (a small number of turbines fall just outside of the boundary). The refined area is illustrated in Figure 5.1: TAN8 Strategic Search Areas.

5.4.13 Paragraph 10.3 relates to grid connections and notes that the Secretary of State is likely to require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on the overhead line if the wind farm itself is the subject of an EIA, to ensure the full environmental effect of the development is understood.

5.5 LANDMAP

5.5.1 It is also important to see the proposal in light of emerging policies also related to landscape policy issues. In the last few years, the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) has developed LANDMAP, a key tool in landscape assessment that has become a sophisticated database of landscape data and landscape quality assessment.

5.5.2 CCW are keen on the application of LANDMAP in appropriate projects. For the environmental assessment of the overhead line, LANDMAP has been utilised where possible. In the Chapter 6.0: Landscape and Visual Assessment, LANDMAP data has been utilised in conjunction with the recently prepared Powys Landscape Character Assessment.

5.5.3 It is important to emphasise the role that LANDMAP may play in this planning policy section as LANDMAP is more contemporary than the landscape policies in the Local Plan (Policy ENV2, which has not been updated since before the draft IDCG was published) and contains a greater depth of detail. It therefore carries a lot of ‘real-world’ weight compared to the existing Local Plan Policy. The Council has not yet developed its Landscape SPG but LANDMAP has been applied to this project through the acknowledgement of Landscape Character Areas, and in light of this, a methodology has been developed that incorporates LANDMAP to the appropriate degree.

5.6 Summary

5.6.1 Policies referred to in this section and listed in Table 5.1, will be referred to in the individual technical chapters.

34 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation Chapter 06: Landscape & Visual

Table of Contents Table of Figures List of Tables

6.1 Introduction Figure 6.1 Landscape Context Table 6.1 Criteria for Assessing Landscape Sensitivity to Overhead Lines on Wood Pole Supports 6.2 Scoping & Consultations Figure 6.2 Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Table 6.2 LANDMAP Data Analysed 6.3 Assessment Methodology & Significance Criteria Figure 6.3 Viewpoints Table 6.3 Landscape Sensitivity to Overhead Line 6.4 Baseline Figure 6.4 Aerial Photographs Development 6.5 Project Description & Mitigation Strategy Figure 6.5 Landform & Drainage Table 6.4 Classification of Sensitivity for Visual Amenity 6.6 Assessment of Effects Figure 6.6 Tir Gofal Farmland Receptors 6.7 Detailed Mitigation Measures & the Identification Figure 6.7 Settlements & Infrastructure Table 6.5 Classification of Magnitude for Landscape of Residual Effects and Visual Amenity Receptors Figure 6.8 Woodlands Table 6.6 Summary of Overall Evaluation Scores for 6.8 Summary Figure 6.9 Tourism & Recreation LANDMAP Aspect Areas with Study Area Figure 6.10 Powys LCAs Table 6.7 Predicted Effects Arising From Other Wind Farms In The Area (Currently In Planning Figure 6.11 LANDMAP VSSAs Process) Figure 6.12 Effects on Viewpoint Locations Illustrating Table 6.8 Measures To Avoid Landscape & Visual Effects the Significance of Effect at Viewpoints Table 6.9 Overall Predicted Effect on the Landscape of the Powys LCAs Table 6.10 Summary of Viewpoint Analysis Table 6.11 Summary of Effects on Settlements, Leisure & Recreation and Transport Routes

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation Welshpool !( Welshpool Substation

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Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

36 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 This chapter presents the findings of the landscape and visual assessment 6.2.6 The points and comments raised by consultees both in response to the scoping carried out for the proposed overhead line. It has been prepared by Chartered exercise and to the consultations, which formed part of the route selection process Landscape Architects from Gillespies’ Altrincham office. Gillespies holds were incorporated into the cultural heritage assessment where appropriate. ‘Registered Environmental Effect Assessment Membership’ of the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA). Cumulative Effects 6.1.2 The assessment was carried out in accordance with ‘Guidelines for Landscape and 6.2.7 For the purposes of this ES, cumulative landscape and visual effects are Visual Assessment Second Edition’ published in March 2002 by the Landscape considered to result from additional changes to landscape or visual amenity Institute and Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment. This is a caused by the proposed overhead line in combination with other existing or widely accepted guidance document for landscape and visual assessment. It proposed overhead lines in the area. This potentially includes the network also took into account guidance provided by the Countryside Council for Wales connections of the Llanbadarn Fynydd, Garreg Lwyd and Llaithddu wind farms. (CCW) in their document LANDMAP Information Guidance Note 3: Landscape Although these are (November 2009) the subject of planning applications, there is and Visual Impact Assessment, published in November 2008. The baseline currently insufficient information in the public domain regarding their connections landscape and visual description drew on information in the Powys Landscape to include them in the cumulative assessment. Character Assessment (Powys LCA), published by CCW in 2008, which is itself based on LANDMAP data and verified on site. LANDMAP 6.1.3 The assessment considers the effect on the landscape and the effect on visual 6.2.8 Areas of high amenity value in Powys were designated as Special Landscape amenity or views. Where significant landscape or visual effects are identified, it Areas (SLAs) in the Powys County Structure Plan. These are a non-statutory puts forward mitigation measures to prevent, reduce, or offset them and then re- designation, which were applied by Powys County Council (Powys CC) to define assesses the residual effects remaining after mitigation. areas of locally high landscape value. However, in recognition that the whole of Powys’ landscape is of high quality, this designation has not been carried 6.1.4 The assessment also includes an evaluation of potential cumulative landscape through to the Powys UDP. Protection of these areas is instead covered by and visual effects arising from the overhead line in conjunction with other existing general development policy and the use of LANDMAP as a decision making tool or proposed overhead lines where the potential exists for significant effects. within the UDP.

6.1.5 The assessment covers the life of the overhead line, including construction, LANDMAP operation and decommissioning as described in Chapter 4.0: Project Description.  Landscape character assessment in Wales is based on the LANDMAP project, which is an all Wales GIS based landscape resource where landscape characteristics, qualities and influences on the landscape are 6.2 Scoping & Consultations recorded and evaluated into a nationally consistent dataset.  LANDMAP is a whole landscape approach in that it values the ordinary Scoping as well as the spectacular landscape and records information about 6.2.1 In July 2008, a Scoping Report seeking formal opinion as to the content of the physical, ecological, visual, historic and cultural landscape in order the Environmental Statement (ES) was sent to a number of statutory bodies, to promote sustainable decision-making. LANDMAP is defined by a including the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), the local structured and consistent methodology, which includes classification, planning authority and other nature conservation and heritage based agencies. mapping and objective and subjective landscape information. Unlike A copy of this document is included at Appendix A. many other landscape assessments, LANDMAP evaluates the landscape, thereby enhancing its usefulness. 6.2.2 With respect to landscape issues, the consultees provided the following  LANDMAP comprises five spatially related datasets or Evaluated Aspects comments and requirements for additional information to be included within the known as the Geological Landscape, Landscape Habitats, Visual and assessment: Sensory, the Historic Landscape and the Cultural Landscape. Each dataset comprises three parts of information – a GIS map showing the  Justification for the omission of a Zone of Theoretical Visual Influence Aspect Areas (character areas) identified, a Collector Survey Record for (ZTV). each Aspect Area containing the descriptive landscape information and  A request that the CCW should be consulted with regard to minimising a Technical Report for each area providing supporting information and the effect on Kerry Ridgeway. contextualising the whole study.  An assessment of effects on key recreational users.  It is the use of all five datasets of information that promotes sustainable  Comments on how LANDMAP information should be used in the landscape decision-making as what may be less important to one assessment. particular Evaluated Aspect may be of high importance in another. Giving all five layers equal consideration ensures no aspect of the landscape is  Comments on the proposed viewpoints, including a request for additional overlooked. viewpoints and the repositioning of several viewpoints.  Further information on LANDMAP and its application in Environmental 6.2.3 Following further discussions with CCW, a ZTV was prepared for the route to Impact Assessment (EIA) is provided in CCW’s LANDMAP Information assist both in the identification of viewpoints and the visibility analysis. Guidance Note 3, November 2008 and can be obtained from www.ccw. gov.uk/landmap. Consultations 6.2.4 To ensure that the assessment was as well informed as possible and that the Study Area concerns and interests of stakeholders were taken into consideration, consultation 6.2.9 The assessment has been undertaken to determine the likely significant adverse was undertaken throughout the development of the scheme. A Consultation Report effects of the proposed overhead line on the landscape and visual resource of the describing the Preferred Route was sent out to statutory bodies, landowners and study area. Theoretically, this study area can include the full geographical area interested parties in July 2008. A copy of this document is included at Appendix over which any effect may arise from the proposed development. In practice, C. This was followed by three rounds of public exhibitions in July/August 2008, however, an ES concentrates on those areas, which may experience significant December 2008 & April 2009. At the end of the consultations, an initial Proposed environmental effects. Route was identified, which was then subject to three months of detailed design and refinement between May - July 2009 during which time it developed into the 6.2.10 As shown in Figure 6.1: Landscape Context, the study area for this ES extends to final Proposed Route, which is the subject of this ES. Throughout this period, a maximum of approximately 2km from the route of the proposed overhead line. dialogue continued with the relevant consultees, including members of the public Beyond this distance, it is considered that the development will be insignificant in and affected landowners. Further detail regarding the scoping and consultation terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations. The approach process is provided in Chapter 2.0: EIA Methodology & Significance Criteria and to the assessment and delineation of the study area was, however, flexible and if in SPEN’s August 2009 document, Feedback Report of Scoping Responses and during the assessment, potential significant landscape or visual effects had been Pre-Application Public Consultation Responses, a copy of which is included at identified close to the edge of the study area, it would have been extended such Appendix B. that it contained all of the likely significant effects identified. 6.2.5 The project generated a high level of interest, with over half the comments related either directly or indirectly to concerns about impact on the landscape or on views. In response to these concerns, SPEN reconsidered the route alignment and made changes to a number of sections.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 37 6.3 Assessment Methodology & Significance Criteria

6.3.1 The landscape and visual assessment was carried out in the following four key 6.3.11 For this assessment, a combination of a several criteria, which contribute to stages: landscape character and have the potential to be affected by the proposed overhead line were identified and applied to the landscape character areas identified in the Powys LCA. These address aspects of landscape character Stage 1: Baseline sensitivity, visual sensitivity and landscape value, and are set out in Table 6.1. 6.3.2 The assessment is based on desk-study, fieldwork observations (undertaken 2008 - 2009), photography and subjective professional judgement. Fieldwork TABLE 6.1: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY TO was undertaken throughout 2008/2009 in clear conditions. OVERHEAD LINES ON WOOD POLE SUPPORTS

Landform: Landform that is smooth or gently undulating, such as enclosed 6.3.3 Baseline data includes: river valleys and rolling landscapes have greater potential to provide a backcloth to wood poles and are less sensitive than upland and flat lowland  Factual description of the landscape conditions throughout the study landscapes, particularly those which are not adjacent to more elevated area (typically including landform and drainage, landcover and land-use, landscape types, which are likely to provide more visible landscape settings. settlement, communications, existing electrical infrastructure, woodlands and trees, scale and enclosure, pattern, recreation, the historic Skylines and Settings: Landscapes with strong visual features and focal landscape, landscape character, value, designations, sensitivity and any points such as skylines, elevated vantage points, landmarks or settings for general trends for change). settlement are likely to provide the most visible and therefore sensitive settings.  Review of landscape planning designations and policy (see Chapter 5.0: Scenic Quality: Areas of attractive scenery will generally be more sensitive Planning Considerations). to overhead line development than less scenic areas. Views to or from  Review of landscape character documentation (corroborated on site). scenic routes, well-known vistas or viewpoints increase a landscape’s  Review of visual amenity and general visibility of the study area. sensitivity to overhead lines. Landscape Condition: This is closely tied to management and the extent 6.3.4 As agreed with CCW, because the construction of the overhead line is predicated of care or apparent neglect, particularly in agricultural landscapes. Areas on the re-powered and extended Llandinam wind farm, the baseline conditions of relatively high quality in terms of the condition and integrity of landscape for the ES assume the presence of this wind farm (even though it is not currently patterns, elements and features, are more sensitive than areas where the present in the landscape). The landscape and visual assessment later in this quality or condition is poor. chapter provides a consideration of the effects of the overhead line in combination with it. Landscape Value: Landscape value is a reflection of the importance of the landscape or view in a local, regional or national context, based on Stage 2: Project Description & Mitigation Strategy any designations, which may apply, on its perceived value to users and on any intrinsic aesthetic characteristics of the landscape such as scenic 6.3.5 Project description focuses on those aspects of the project, which may affect the quality or sense of place. Highly valued landscapes are more sensitive than landscape and visual resource. It includes a description of the broad mitigation landscapes of low value or importance. strategy adopted throughout the design of the scheme design to avoid, reduce and offset identifiable effects. Human Influence: If there are no visual conflicts with other structures, landscapes exhibiting a high degree of human influence, particularly those with detractive views or those already affected by built structures such as Stage 3: Assessment of the Effects of the Development masts, pylons or turbines are less sensitive than unspoilt rural landscapes. 6.3.6 Identifying potential landscape and visual effects is an important part of the Commercial forestry introduces human influence into upland landscapes and iterative design process, because it can help avoid or minimise any potential can also decrease their sensitivity. negative effects of the proposals and where appropriate can assist in identifying Scale: The dimensions of wood pole supports for overhead lines tend to opportunities for landscape enhancement. be of a similar scale to mature trees. Therefore, a more complex well-treed landscape of medium scale is better able to accept or accommodate the 6.3.7 The potential effects of the development are divided into two categories: scale of a wood pole than a larger, more open landscape where poles can appear out of scale.  Landscape effects, which may give rise to changes in its character and which may in turn affect the perceived value ascribed to the landscape. Landcover: In addition to the potential for landform to affect the visibility These can include direct effects upon the landscape fabric (features both of overhead lines, is the potential for views to be screened or filtered natural and manmade that combine to give structure, form and detail to by the intervening landcover. The nature of the field pattern, tree cover, the landscape) or effects on landscape character and designated areas hedgerows, roads and settlement all affect availability of views. Woodlands of landscape. and settlements, however, also have other implications for sensitivity and are  Visual effects relate to specific changes in the composition of views and discussed separately. Landscapes with more complex, irregular landscape the effects of those changes on visual receptors (e.g. residents, business patterns and with a prevalence of hedgerows, trees, small field sizes and users, users of recreational open space). winding or sunken roads have the greatest potential to screen views. By contrast, simple, regular, uncluttered landscapes with extensive areas of 6.3.8 In each case, the sensitivity of each landscape or visual receptor is determined consistent landcover and few tress or hedgerows are considered to have and correlated with the potential degree or magnitude of effect, to give an overall the least potential to screen or filter views of an overhead line and are more significance of effect arising from the development. sensitive. Settlement Pattern: Whilst the presence of settlement may serve to screen Landscape Sensitivity views, because of the sensitivity of residential receptors, settlement pattern is also closely related to the sensitivity of a landscape to absorb overhead 6.3.9 Landscape sensitivity is the degree to which a particular landscape character type lines. In this respect, a dispersed settlement pattern, particularly where it is or area can accommodate change without unacceptable harm to its character. relatively dense, is considered most sensitive to overhead line routeing. Sensitivity is not absolute but varies according to the type of change being considered. In this case, it is the sensitivity of the landscape to the development Woodland Cover: The presence of woodland provides the potential to of a 132kV overhead line on wood pole supports that is considered rather than to screen views and reduce the apparent height of wood poles. However, the the landscape’s inherent sensitivity to any change. presence of large woodland blocks can require the felling of substantial numbers of trees with associated losses to both landscape and ecological 6.3.10 Many factors contribute to the sensitivity of a landscape for a particularly type amenity. The least sensitive landscapes are considered those containing of development. Each landscape has its own characteristics, which are made many small to medium scale woodland blocks or belts, which provide up of a range of variables, such as enclosure, visibility, condition, scenic and screening opportunities but can be avoided by localised deviation. perceptual qualities, recreational use, natural and cultural heritage features Landscapes with large-scale woodlands, which could require large scale and cultural associations. The sensitivity of a landscape to accommodate an felling, are considered more sensitive. overhead line depends in part on these characteristics, but also on the degree to which society places a value on them.

38 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

6.3.16 Because landscape characteristics and values do not readily lend themselves Perceptual Aspects: Areas, which are relatively remote, and have a wild to scoring, and different criteria may carry different weights in different types and/or tranquil character (due to lack of disturbance, remoteness and factors of landscape and with different types and scales of development no absolute such as perceived naturalness or openness), increase the sensitivity of a assessment of sensitivity is presented for the study area. Instead, professional landscape to overhead line development. The introduction of a line may judgement supported by reasoned explanation was used to construct an overall diminish the perceptions of wildness and tranquillity and are a detractive profile of sensitivity for each Powys LCA. . influence on the landscape.

Historic and Cultural: Historic landscapes are more sensitive, particularly TABLE 6.3: LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY TO OVERHEAD LINE DEVELOPMENT where the enjoyment of the landscape or individual sites and monuments Sensitivity Level Overhead Line Connections is likely to be diminished by the presence of an overhead line. Similarly, specific cultural associations relating to landscape increase its sensitivity, High Landscape which taking into account its character, particularly if the character or perception of the landscape concerned is likely general visibility, and potential for mitigation is to be significantly downgraded. vulnerable to relatively small changes likely to be brought about through the development of an Amenity and Recreation: Areas offering access to high quality landscapes, overhead line. memorable places (especially those valued for their wild and/or tranquil character) and a range of opportunities for recreation are more sensitive to Medium Landscape which taking into account its character, overhead line development due to the potential effects on the quality of the general visibility, and potential for mitigation can recreational experience. reasonably accommodate some changes likely to be brought about through the development of an Mitigation: Some landscapes offer more scope to modify the visual impacts overhead line. arising from the overhead line by appropriate mitigation. For example, the introduction of new tree planting into an open upland landscape, Low Landscape which taking into account its character, although providing screening, may detract from the intrinsic qualities of that general visibility, and potential for mitigation can landscape. accommodate substantial changes likely to be brought about through the development of an overhead line. 6.3.12 Information on these criteria was obtained from the Powys LCA, supplemented by LANDMAP data and field appraisal. All five Aspect Areas were analysed and a series of thematic and evaluation maps produced and interrogated. These are Visual Sensitivity listed in Table 6.2 and included at Appendix F: 6.3.17 Visual sensitivity is a reflection of the nature and duration of views. Locations from which a view would potentially be seen for a longer duration, where there TABLE 6.2: LANDMAP DATA ANALYSED are higher numbers of potential viewers and where views are important are regarded as having higher sensitivity. Visual & Sensory Geological VS4 – Topographic Form GL31 – Rarity & Uniqueness 6.3.18 Visual amenity receptors are allocated to one of three broad categories of VS5 – Landcover Pattern GL33 – Overall Evaluation sensitivity as set out in Table 6.4. VS6 – Settlement Pattern VS7 – Boundary Type Landscape Habitats TABLE 6.4: CLASSIFICATION OF SENSITIVITY FOR VISUAL AMENITY VS8 – Scale LH21 – Evaluation Criteria: Sensitivity RECEPTORS VS9 – Sense of Enclosure LH45 – Overall Evaluation VS14 – Balance Sensitivity Description VS16 – Pattern Cultural VS25 – Local Distinctiveness CL40 – Overall Evaluation High Receptors whose interest is focussed on the landscape or VS46 – Evaluation Criteria: Scenic Quality views surrounding them or who have a prolonged viewing VS47 – Evaluation Criteria: Integrity Historic Landscape opportunity, including principal views from residential VS48 – Evaluation Criteria: Character HL35 – Evaluation Criteria: Integrity buildings; scenic drives, beauty spots, picnic areas or VS49 – Evaluation Criteria: Rarity HL38 – Evaluation Criteria: Rarity designated viewpoints; national or regional recreational routes VS50 – Overall Evaluation HL40 – Overall Evaluation and important landscape features with physical, cultural or historic attributes. Data, which was analysed but not plotted in mapped form included: Medium Receptors with a moderate interest in their environment, VS18 - Level of Human Access (relates to elevation & picked up by fieldwork) including secondary views from residential buildings; other VS22 - Attractive View (picked up by scenic value & fieldwork) rights of way; open access areas, motorists using low usage VS23 - Detractive Views (picked up by scenic value & fieldwork) roads. (Including some rural ‘A’ roads) VS27 - (potentially useful – but not mapped) teresa can you check this VS33 - Key Qualities to Conserve (useful data) Low Receptors whose focus is on their work or activity or who VS39 - Threats (potentially useful – but not mapped) have only a passing or momentary interest in their everyday GL5 - What is the Characteristic Level 3 Component (picked up by VS4) surroundings, including industrial workers and motorists on GL7 - What Additional Level 3 Components are Notable (insufficient high usage main roads, rail passengers and users of outdoor information) sporting facilities. GL8 - What Level 4 Components are Notable (too detailed) GL10 - Components of Significant Hydrological Interest (too general) Magnitude of Change LH5 - Which Phase 1 Habitats are Present (picked up by Phase 1 Habitat Survey) 6.3.19 The magnitude of likely change is determined by considering the predicted CL5a - Which Level 4 Classes are Particularly Significant to the Cultural deviation from baseline conditions and the scale of the effect arising from the Landscape Character of this Area – Influences proposed overhead line. In the case of landscape and visual effects, this can CL5b - Which Level 4 Classes are Particularly Significant to the Cultural only be assessed qualitatively, but is usually based on a consideration of the Landscape Character of this Area – Associations (useful data) following factors: CL17 - Summary Description (useful data) HL4 - Summary Description (useful data)  The design and routeing of the development, including the number and HL5 - Classifications that Describes the Dominant Historic Pattern (VS type of poles visible. descriptions more relevant)  The angle of view in relation to the main activity of the receptor, the extent HL12 - Traditional Boundary Types (VS7 more useful) of area over which the change would be visible and the distance between the viewer and the development. 6.3.13 The analysis of this information is summarised in the baseline description of the  Changes to the composition of the view, including the loss or addition landscape of the study area, later in this chapter. of features in the view and the proportion of the view occupied by the development. 6.3.14 The overall assessment of sensitivity to the proposed overhead line required a  careful analysis of these attributes and their potential interactions. How well the development blends into the landscape or view in terms of form, scale and mass, line, height, colour and texture. 6.3.15 The next step was to understand the potential interactions between the different  The duration of the effect - whether the change is temporary or attributes and combine them so that the sensitivity of the individual LCAs to the permanent, intermittent or continuous etc. proposed overhead line could be judged and categorised into one of the three sensitivity classes defined in Table 6.3. 6.3.20 With an overhead line, landscape and visual effects primarily arise from the visibility of the support structures, in this case, wood poles. Based on the above criteria, the magnitude of effects resulting from the introduction of wood poles into the landscape can be defined as shown in Table 6.5. For this assessment all effects on landscape and visual amenity are considered adverse, with the introduction of an overhead line providing a discordant element.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 39 Welshpool Substation !(

Bryn Dadlau Substation !(

KeyFigure 6.2 Key: !( Substations !( Zone of Theoretical Visibility Substations Landscape and ZTVLandscape (based and on the whole or (ZTV)Visual Study Area anyVisual part Study of the Area line being visible Preferred Route (as of August 2008) Preferred Route NTS

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

40 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

TABLE 6.5: CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNITUDE FOR LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL 6.3.23 For the purposes of the EIA Regulations, any effect of the proposed overhead AMENITY RECEPTORS line assessed as major or moderate is considered significant. Other effects are considered not significant. Scale Consequence Description

High Effect resulting The wood pole/s will be so close and 6.3.24 The development of the proposed overhead line will potentially have different in a considerable appear of such a size that they would effects on landscape and visual receptors during the different phases of its change to baseline make the observer uncomfortable. lifecycle and these are considered in the assessment. Short-term effects are conditions, with those associated with the construction and decommissioning phases. All other The wood pole/s will be much larger severe undesirable effects will be for the life of the proposed connection and substation and are long in scale than most or all of the other consequences for term but reversible. components in the view. the landscape or view. The colour and/or location of the wood Stage 4: Detailed Mitigation & Residual Effects pole/s will draw the eye to the extent that little else is noticeable. 6.3.25 The final stage of the assessment process is the description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and where possible, offset any significant adverse The route of the overhead line will be effects of the development. Residual effects are those effects which remain after noticeably discordant with the scale, mitigation. The significance of these is re-assessed using the methods outlined pattern or character of the existing previously. landscape.

Medium Effect resulting The wood pole/s will become the 6.3.26 The mitigation section also refers to opportunities for enhancement to the landscape in a discernible dominant feature of the view, making and visual resource, which may be afforded through the proposed development. change to baseline other features appear subordinate. conditions with The wood pole/s will be of a medium Limitations in Undertaking the Landscape & Visual undesirable/ scale, similar to existing features in the Assessment desirable view. 6.3.27 There were no limitations in carrying out the landscape and visual assessment. consequences for the landscape or The colour and/or location of the wood view. pole/s will be obvious. Technical Considerations The route of the overhead line will be discordant with the scale, pattern or Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) character of the existing landscape. 6.3.28 In order to assist in evaluating potential landscape and visual effects and at the request of CCW, a Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) for the overhead line was Low Effect resulting The wood pole/s will still be visible as generated and is presented in Figure 6.2: Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV). in a discernible a landscape feature, but would be less Because this was produced in August 2008, it was generated from the Preferred change to baseline distinct and noticeable. Route. Visibility was calculated to a maximum of 5km from each pole, as this was conditions The apparent size of the wood pole/s will assumed to be the limit of theoretical perceptibility as discussed below. The ZTV with tolerable be much reduced and would recede into assumed poles to be 15m tall and included forestry (up to 10m tall) as shown on consequences for the wider panorama and generally not the Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 scale map. the landscape or appear intrusive. view. 6.3.29 The ZTV presents the worst-case scenario insofar as it does not take account of The colour and location of the wood the screening effects of smaller scale surface features, such as local landform, poles will not be obvious, particularly in individual trees, small woodlands or buildings. This means that the visibility poor weather or light conditions. shown on the ZTV is predicted to be more extensive than will actually be the The route of the overhead line will fit with case. Moreover, the ZTV gives no indication of the likely effect of distance, which the scale, pattern and character of the when combined with the relatively small scale of wood pole support structures, existing landscape. will serve to further reduce actual visibility. Because of these limitations, the assessment of effect on views relied heavily on direct field assessment and Negligible No discernible The wood pole/s will be barely specific viewpoint analysis and less on the ZTV. change in baseline perceptible, as a small feature belonging landscape or view. to a distant landscape or view. 6.3.30 The ZTV is included within the assessment to illustrate the (theoretical maximum) The wood pole/s will only be apparent visibility of the proposed overhead line and was used throughout the design in specific views or particular weather or and assessment process as a working tool to facilitate development of the route lighting conditions. and to mitigate its potential effects. It was also used to assist identification of viewpoints as discussed below, but not as part of the assessment. The route of the overhead line will fit well with the scale, pattern and character of the existing landscape. Perceptibility 6.3.31 Knowledge of the study area and a review of the visibility of the New Kinmel Bay Significance to Moelfre 132kV overhead line, which is of a similar design, allows the following assumptions to be made with respect to perceptibility (the distance beyond 6.3.21 Significance is not absolute and can only be defined in relation to each which the casual observer is unlikely to be aware of the presence of an overhead development and its location. The diversity of receptors and the issues, line of this type): which potentially affect these, indicate that each effect and the considerations relevant to it are likely to be unique. Because of this, it is not possible to define  Backclothed – The outer limit of normal perceptibility when an overhead categories of sensitivity and magnitude and use a matrix to combine these line is fully backclothed (where the overhead line is seen from a particular together to identify and categorise the effects. Instead, the correlation of the two viewpoint against a solid backdrop, usually rising ground or woodland) is factors is ultimately a matter of professional judgement to balance the complex 1.5km. relationships between the different components of landscape supported by a  Skylining – The visual effect resulting from sections of an overhead line that reasoned justification of the rationale behind the conclusions that are drawn. are skylined (where an overhead line is seen from a particular viewpoint outlined against the sky with no solid backcloth) will generally be greater 6.3.22 For the purposes of EIA, thresholds of landscape and visual significance are than the effect resulting from sections of line that are backclothed. The defined as follows: outer limit of perceptibility when the overhead line is seen fully skylined is  Major - a fundamental change to the landscape or view 5km (this is the limit of visibility represented by the ZTV). In exceptional (high sensitivity or high magnitude) circumstances where an overhead line crosses a distant skyline obliquely away from the observer (such that the wood poles appear to almost  Moderate - a material but non-fundamental change to a landscape or view overlap), the maximum distance might exceed 5km. However, this is not (medium sensitivity and magnitude, low sensitivity / high magnitude, high relevant to this assessment, as any effect arising would, at such a distance sensitivity / low magnitude, medium sensitivity / high magnitude, high be considered not significant in terms of the EIA Regulations. sensitivity / medium magnitude)  Minor - a detectable but non-material change to a landscape or view 6.3.32 These distances provide a basis for defining the 2km study area. Beyond 2km, (low or negligible sensitivity or low or negligible magnitude, medium although the overhead line may be theoretically visible (based on the ZTV), the sensitivity / low magnitude, low sensitivity / moderate magnitude) moderating effects of perceptibility means that effects beyond this distance  None - no change to a landscape or view would not be significant in terms of the EIA Regulations.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 41 Figure 6.3 Key: Viewpoints

NTS

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

42 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

Viewpoint Analysis 6.3.37 For each viewpoint, photographs were taken in the field to record the views present. In some cases, the position of the viewpoint was revised slightly to 6.3.33 To illustrate the nature and extent of the potential landscape and visual effects achieve a clearer view or reflect minor changes in the route. arising from the proposed overhead line, a series of viewpoint locations were identified and agreed with CCW. These were selected to represent the range of 6.3.38 At each of the viewpoints, an analysis of the potential effect of the proposed different visual receptor groups, roads, footpaths, properties etc. Both public overhead line on both the landscape and views was carried out. This and private viewpoints were included. required the production of computer generated line drawings (wireframes) and photomontages (see below), which are presented alongside the original 6.3.34 Viewpoints were selected through desktop analysis of the ZTV together with photographs taken during the site visits. analysis of Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 and 1:25,000 map data to identify a series of residential settlements, recreational resources and linear routes within the 6.3.39 The existing and predicted views from each viewpoint were then analysed to study area. These locations were then confirmed in the field. Consultation was identify the magnitude of the effect on landscape and visual amenity. carried out with CCW, Cadw and representatives from Powys CC. This resulted in the inclusion of a number of additional and revised viewpoint locations. These included viewpoints at a greater distance from the proposed overhead line and Photographs/Wireframes & Photomontages viewpoints from public rights of way and other recreational sites, which attract 6.3.40 In accordance with industry guidance, all photographs included within the ES visitors and thus form concentrations of receptors. To assist in the assessment were taken using a digital camera with a fixed focal length set at 28mm (roughly of effect on cultural heritage, it also included viewpoints to and from Scheduled equivalent to a 50mm lens on a traditional film camera), which gives an angle of Ancient Monuments and other key cultural heritage sites (see Chapter 8.0: view similar to that of the human eye. The images have been displayed as large Cultural Heritage). as possible given the practical limitations of the page size and includes details of the correct viewing distance. Views are presented as 90, 120, 150, 180 or 6.3.35 The 39 viewpoints ultimately selected are considered to be representative of 270-degrees fields of view in order that the most representative angle of view for publicly accessible receptors in the study area. They include views from the each viewpoint location is utilised. edges of settlements, recreational facilities including national trails and major footpaths as well as users of the road network. In order to ensure thorough 6.3.41 Wireframes indicating the appearance of the proposed overhead line were coverage of the study area, viewpoints were selected to illustrate the effect of the prepared for each viewpoint. These wireframes are geometrically accurate development upon receptors at different elevations and different distances from depictions of the proposed overhead line superimposed on a digital terrain the overhead line as well as being located in different landscape character types model. The wireframes were produced based on a 1:10,000 scale digital terrain and areas. dataset (OS Land-Form PROFILE). using a model of the proposed wood poles, which was also generated electronically to provide an accurate depiction of the 6.3.36 Table 6.10 later in this chapter lists the viewpoints used in the assessment and appearance of the overhead line. Figure 6.3: Viewpoints indicates their location. Because the viewpoints have been selected through consultation and on-site review, from an initial numbered 6.3.42 Wireframes are representative of the maximum theoretical visibility of the schedule, it will be apparent that, as viewpoints have been added or omitted proposed overhead line on bare ground. In reality, the visibility of the line is during this process, the remaining viewpoints are not numbered consecutively. variable depending on both the weather and the lighting and will frequently be appreciably reduced from that illustrated.

6.3.43 In addition, photomontages were produced for 18 of the viewpoints, where there was a greater potential to be a significant effect. Photomontages were constructed by combining the photograph of the existing view with the wireframe and rendering the resultant image.

6.4 Baseline

Introduction 6.4.1 The proposed overhead line runs through open countryside to the east of the Severn Valley, linking the Llandinam wind farm to an existing substation at Welshpool as shown in Figure 1.1: Wind Farm Connection Strategy. The overhead line starts at the new substation at Bryn Dadlau (SO 04758363), which is situated to the south-west of Newtown on the Waun Ddubarthog ridge, an elevated plateau lying around 400m AOD. Running eastwards from here, it crosses the main Llandrindod Wells to Newtown road, skirts the prominent ridge of Glog and traverses the southern slopes of the Mule Valley below Kerry Hill. South of the village of Kerry, near Block Wood, it swings northwards, passing east of the village itself, and then cutting across the Mule Valley again, following a course through the undulating and well-wooded countryside east of the Severn Valley. It then passes west of the village of Llandyssil before dropping down to the lower slopes above the Severn Valley near Caerhowel and converging on the Shrewsbury to Machynlleth rail line some 1.5km to the north-west of Montgomery. It continues to run northwards close to the railway except to avoid settlement pockets such as Cilcewydd, before connecting into the existing substation on the B4381, approximately 1km east of Welshpool (SJ 24130673).

6.4.2 As illustrated by the aerial photograph in Figure 6.4, much of the landscape through which the proposed overhead line passes, comprises undulating or rolling farmland, with a mix of small woodlands and a patchwork of fields and hedgerows.

The baseline landscape is presented in four sections:

 A description of specific landscape and visual planning policies and designations applying to the area.  A description of the landscape context of the area – the key landscape elements, or individual components of the landscape, which interact to create different landscape patterns, scale, and scenic qualities.  A description and evaluation of the landscape character of the study area, including an appraisal of its condition or quality, its value, including any significant trends for change and its sensitivity to overhead line development.

Figure 6.4: Aerial Photographs

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 43 Welshpool Substation !(

Shropshire Union Canal

River Severn

Afon Rhiw

Afon Camlad

River Severn

The Mule

Bryn Dadlau Substation !(

KeyFigure 6.5 Key: Elevation (m AOD) !( Rivers Elevation (m AOD) Substations !( Landform & Drainage Substations Rivers Landscape and Landscape and Slopes 15°-22° Visual Study Area Slopes 15°-22° Visual Study Area Proposed Route Slopes 22°+ Proposed Route NTS Slopes 22°+

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

44 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

Legislative & Planning Policy Context 6.4.12 Topographically, as illustrated in Figure 6.5: Landform & Drainage, the study area displays a complex series of hills, ridges and valleys, which have a generally 6.4.3 Planning Policy is covered in Chapter 5.0: Planning Considerations, including UK north-east to south-west orientation and mark the transition between the upland wide, Welsh national and local Development Plan policies. landscapes of Wales and the gentler landscapes of the Midlands. Hill types range from low undulating hills with rounded tops, often with steep scarp slopes 6.4.4 Planning policies specific to protection of landscape and visual amenity and (200 – 250m AOD) to the broad rounded (over 500m AOD) plateau of the Waun not assessed previously in Chapter 5.0, include those in the Powys Unitary Ddubarthog ridge. On the eastern edge of the study area, two isolated hills, Long Development Plan as follows: Mountain and Corndon Hill are prominent landmarks in the valley of the River Camlad; their distinctive whaleback landforms rising to over 400m AOD. As 6.4.5 Policy ENV2: Safeguarding the Landscape - proposals should take account shown in Figure 6.5, the steepest slopes are found around the northern edge of of the high quality of the landscape in Powys and be appropriate and sensitive to the Waun Ddubarthog ridge. Here the land falls quite steeply down towards the character and landscape. In paragraph 4.4.5 of Policy ENV2, the UDP states that: Severn Valley near Newtown. This presents a significant constraint to routeing of overhead lines. “In conjunction with the Countryside Council for Wales, the County Council is developing an environmental database under 6.4.13 The study area is drained by the River Severn, its large tributaries, the Camlad, the LANDMAP initiative. As part of the overall assessment of Carno, Trannon, Mule and Rhiw and many smaller streams. Together, these the environment, the Council intends to develop Supplementary rivers make a significant contribution to the scenery of the area. Planning Guidance (SPG) in the form of a landscape assessment and landscape strategy for defined character areas based on the 6.4.14 Much of the central study area comprises low-lying land associated with the Rivers LANDMAP information. This will be gathered in accordance with Severn and Camlad. The Severn creates a large (up to 1km wide) meandering the process defined by the Countryside Council for Wales”. floodplain running north-east to south-west that lies mainly below 90m AOD, with a noticeable transition from floodplain to hill slope occurring at around The Powys Landscape Character Study was published in 2008 to fulfil the above 100m AOD. The River Camlad also creates a broad, low lying floodplain in the UDP policy, but has not yet been formally adopted as SPG. eastern part of the study area. The A489, Montgomery Canal and Shrewsbury to Machynlleth railway follow this change in topography, which in places is marked 6.4.6 Policy ENV16: Landscape, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic by quite an abrupt break in slope. Interest – proposals should recognise the sensitivity of historic landscapes to development proposals and will seek to protect historic parks and gardens and Land Cover & Land-use their landscape setting. LANDMAP VS5: Landcover Pattern The UDP states that: LANDMAP VS7: Boundary Type “The Council will oppose development proposals which would Outside the principal settlements, much of the study area is in agricultural unacceptably adversely affect the character or appearance of use, with a recognisable agricultural field system bounded by managed hedges or fences with trees. The exception is the Waun Ddubarthog Ridge historic parks and gardens and their setting. In considering and the top of Kerry Hill, which are characterised by a broad expanse of development proposals, the Council will seek to protect the unenclosed and treeless unimproved grassland or moorland. In the northern special historic interest of historic landscapes included in Part part of the study area, from Forden, northwards to Leighton, the number of 2 of the Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special hedgerow trees diminishes as hedges become well maintained to preserve a Historic Interest in Wales.” hedgerow form.

6.4.7 Potential effects on the settings of such features are assessed in Chapter 8.0: 6.4.15 There are distinct localised differences within the overall landscape pattern of the Cultural Heritage. However, an examination of potential visual effects in the study area. To the south, the Waun Ddubarthog Ridge and Kerry Hill comprises locality of such features is included within this chapter, based on their attraction mainly rough unimproved or semi-improved acid grassland, marshy grassland or as recreational resources and potential concentrations of visual receptors. bog offering marginal grazing. Forestry is an important land use in the area and there are some quite extensive areas of coniferous plantation, particularly around Landscape Designations the Kerry Ridgeway and at Bryn Llyndwr. This is supplemented in places by linear mixed and coniferous shelterbelt planting. Around the edge of the plateau 6.4.8 Snowdonia National Park is located to the north-west of the study area at a (below approximately 300m AOD), moorland gives way to a higher proportion distance of approximately 30km. of improved pasture. This has a more manicured appearance and is greener throughout the year than the mosaic of vegetation cover on the higher plateau. 6.4.9 The Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is located to These lower slopes have also retained a higher proportion of hedgerows, which the east of the study area on the Welsh/English border. At its closest point, it lies are predominantly hawthorn, whilst around the edges of the plateau and higher approximately 2.5km from the proposed overhead line. valley sides, post and wire fencing is the main form of enclosure. 6.4.10 As discussed earlier in this chapter, Special Landscape Areas in Powys have 6.4.16 In contrast to the plateau, the lower lying hills and valleys north of Kerry Hill, been abandoned and protection of landscape quality is instead covered by are typified by dense, well managed livestock farmland (sheep and dairy), with general development policy and the use of LANDMAP as a decision making tool. small to medium sized pastures, enclosed by hedgerows with hedgerow trees. Many small mixed and deciduous woodlands are present, particularly along Landscape Context the tributary valleys of the River Severn. Some of these woodlands are ancient in origin. The condition of the hedgerows varies from those which are well- 6.4.11 LANDMAP, as the formally adopted landscape assessment tool for Wales, has maintained by trimming or traditional laying, to hedgerows that have grown out been used to inform the baseline assessment of the study area. All five datasets to become individual hawthorn trees, their gaps infilled by post and wire fencing. of information have been utilised and a series of thematic maps produced and South of Forden, mature hedgerow trees, often oak or ash, are a distinctive included within Appendix F. The boxed text below refers to the theme plans that feature, contributing to the well-wooded appearance of the landscape. have been considered when detailing the various baseline topics.

6.4.17 Land use in the lower lying valleys of the Rivers Severn and Camlad is dominated Landform & Drainage by grazing, although some small scale arable use is apparent in places. Fields are large and enclosed by managed hedgerows with occasional hedgerow trees LANDMAP VS4: Topographic Form and small mixed and deciduous woodlands. The valley sides are also typified Study area largely characterised as plateau or hills/valleys, with some small by enclosed pasture on the lower slopes, often with a similar high proportion of sections of levels and rolling/undulating, which are primarily associated with broadleaved woodlands. the valleys of the Rivers Severn and Camlad. LANDMAP GL33: Overall Geological Evaluation 6.4.18 Urban land uses are associated with the Severn Valley particularly on the outskirts Most of the geological landscape through which the route passes is classed of Welshpool and Newtown. as being of moderate or high value. 6.4.19 Land being managed under the Tir Gofal agri-environmental scheme is shown in Figure 6.6. There are a number of areas of Tir Gofal farmland scattered throughout the study area, ranging from small individual fields, to much larger areas comprising several fields, including areas of woodland. The main concentrations are found to the west of the River Severn, and at the south- western end of the study area, around the Waun Ddubarthog Ridge.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 45 Welshpool Substation !(

Bryn Dadlau Substation !(

KeyFigure 6.6 Key: !( Substations Tir Gofal Farmland !( Substations Tir Gofal Farmland Tir GofalLandscape Farmland and Landscape and Visual Study Area Visual Study Area Proposed Route Proposed Route NTS

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

46 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

6.4.20 CCW have advised that, although the Tir Gofal scheme does not prohibit woodlands other than the occasional commercial forestry plantations, which are the construction of overhead pole lines, damage to habitats and traditional found on some of the valley sides. In places, these become more substantial, boundaries and historic features should be avoided wherever possible. Their extending up the higher slopes and over the ridgelines. These larger plantations particular concern relates to access for heavy machinery during construction. are more evident in the south and south-eastern part of the study area where they Should the proposed route extend through an area of Tir Gofal farmland CCW become prominent features in the landscape. would be fully consulted to ensure that the proposed mitigation measures satisfy their nature conservation and landscape objectives. 6.4.30 Other significant woodlands are associated with the parkland landscapes of the historic estates e.g. Gregynog, Leighton Hall and Powis Castle. These Settlement picturesque landscapes include formal and informal woodland, avenues, and mature parkland. LANDMAP VS6: Settlement Pattern 6.4.31 Many of the field boundaries are formed by hedgerows, particularly along the From Kerry Hill southwards and north of Forden, the development passes section of route north of Kerry. They contain an assortment of hazel, hawthorn, through scattered rural/farmland, whilst in its central section, it passes blackthorn, wych elm, bramble and honeysuckle as well as mature broadleaved through a mixed pattern of rural settlement. trees such as ash and oak.

6.4.21 As shown in Figure 6.7: Settlements & Infrastructure, the study area displays a distinct hierarchy of settlements, from small towns through to isolated farms and Landscape Scale & Enclosure cottages. The small historic towns of Welshpool and Newtown are both situated on the banks of the River Severn. In addition, there are many smaller villages, LANDMAP VS8: Scale hamlets, scattered farms, cottages, and country houses. These are dispersed Much of the landscape along the route is classified as medium scale, with unobtrusively throughout the landscape, avoiding only the plateau and the the exception of the valleys of the Rivers Severn and Camlad and a small lowest lying parts of the River Severn floodplain, which are almost devoid of any area east of Kerry, which are classified as vast. settlement. LANDMAP VS9: Sense of Enclosure The high ground at the southern end of the study area is exposed and 6.4.22 There is no single building style and a wide diversity of materials has been affords long distance panoramic views. The central section is enclosed, with used. A number of the settlements, including Montgomery and Kerry, are of views constrained by topography and vegetation, whilst the northern section considerable interest and architectural quality. Others, however, are of less merit is open, with medium to long views focussed on the valley sides. and have been extended in a fairly ad-hoc fashion, with gaps infilled by more modern houses in a variety of styles. 6.4.32 Much of the study area is classified as medium scale that is neither extensive nor small. The Waun Ddubarthog Ridge and Kerry Hill are described as large scale Communications that is they make the observer feel small. The Severn Valley is described as vast, in that it is a broad vale, which has regional continuity. 6.4.23 Transport infrastructure determines the main movement of people through the locality and therefore defines the principal views for most visitors and travellers. 6.4.33 The southern section of the route passes through an exposed landscape affording long distance views to distant horizons, whilst the central section of 6.4.24 As shown in Figure 6.7: Settlements & Infrastructure, the transport and the route passes through a predominantly enclosed landscape with mainly short communications pattern broadly follows a north-east to south-west alignment. distance views and the northern section of the route passes through a landscape It comprises the A483, which connects the A55 south of Chester to Llandovery, characterised by open views, with predominantly eye level horizons. together with the Cambrian Railway connecting Machynlleth to Shrewsbury and the Montgomery Canal, which runs south-west from Welshpool to the outskirts of Newtown. Landscape Pattern

6.4.25 Main roads linking to the A483 generally provide east to west connections (A489, LANDMAP VS16: Pattern A458 and A490). These routes are supplemented at a local level by a number Most of the landscape along the route is classified as organised, that is, the of secondary ‘B’ roads, and a dense network of minor roads, lanes and access landscape elements and characteristics, which make up the landscape have roads, including ‘dead end’ roads that serve a limited number of properties, a purposeful relationship with each other. are often private, and which have minimal importance for circulation. In upland areas, these routes are more widely spaced and provide access to the more 6.4.34 Essentially, the characteristic features of the landscape described in the remote areas and vantage points. preceding text combine to generate the following key landscape patterns or characteristics, which essentially reflect a general contrast in landform, colour 6.4.26 A further feature in terms of local infrastructure is the Mid Wales Airfield, which is and texture between the upland areas above 300m AOD and the surrounding located in the Severn Valley, some 3km south of Newtown. lower lying land.

 Strong north-east to south-west orientated pattern of hills and scarp Overhead Lines & Wind Farms slopes throughout much of the central study area, accentuated by linear 6.4.27 SP Manweb’s existing high voltage electrical network consists of 132kV, 33kV and woodlands, many of them ancient and semi natural in origin. 11kV overhead lines. As shown in Figure 6.7: Settlements & Infrastructure, an  Mosaic of vegetation cover on the higher ground in the south of the study existing 132kV overhead line runs in a south-westerly to north-easterly direction area, with rough grazing, heather, bracken and irregular field patterns, from Newtown, via Welshpool to Oswestry. In addition, a 33kV overhead line providing a variety of textures and seasonal colour. runs along the valley floor from Newtown, north-west past Welshpool and out of  Field boundaries typified by managed hedgerows and mature hedgerow the study area. A network of lower voltage electricity and telephone lines service trees defining a strong field pattern on the lower ground, giving way to individual properties within the study area. fences and a more open and poorly enclosed landscape on the higher ground. 6.4.28 Llandinam wind farm is the only existing wind farm in the vicinity of the study area.  A small to medium scale field pattern on the lower ground. This currently comprises 103 turbines located on the Waun Ddubarthog ridge.  A larger scale, more open landscape located within the valleys of the Rivers Severn and Camlad. Woodlands & Trees  A sense of enclosure within the smaller valleys accentuated by the field boundary pattern and tree cover, giving way to a greater sense of LANDMAP VS5: Landcover Pattern openness and exposure especially above 300m AOD . Only two relatively small parts of the study area are classified by LANDMAP on the basis of woodland cover (>70% woodland). These include the Kerry  Some of the high ground to the south and west has a moderate to high Ridgeway Woodland (MNTGMVS316) and Bryn-y-sarnau Forest Slopes and sense of remoteness and inaccessibility. Fields (RDNRVS125), both of which are dominated by coniferous plantations.  General contrast in landform, colour and texture between the upland areas above 300m, the intermediate rolling hills and scarps and the LANDMAP VS7: Boundary Pattern valleys of the Rivers Severn and Camlad. Hedgerows form many of the field boundaries, particularly along the section of route north of Kerry. Recreational Landscape 6.4.29 As illustrated in Figure 6.8: Woodlands, there are many small woodlands and trees scattered throughout the study area, including a number of remnant LANDMAP CL40: Overall Cultural Evaluation areas of ancient semi-natural deciduous woodland. These, together with the Most of the study area is valued nationally or regionally for its cultural numerous mature hedgerow trees, give an overall well-wooded appearance to landscape and is classed as being of high or outstanding value. Aspect the landscape. Many of the smaller stream valleys are lined with broadleaved Areas, which have particularly strong cultural associations include Offa’s trees and small linear woodlands and these are important features spreading up Dyke (MNTGMCL006), Offa’s Dyke Path (MNTGMCL007), the Vale of the tributary valleys of the Rivers Severn and Camlad to the lower slopes of the Montgomery (MNTGMCL014), Kerry Ridgeway (MNTGMCL011), Kerry and higher ground. By contrast, much of the plateau is quite open with few trees or Dolfor (MNTGMCL048) and the Leighton Hall Landscape (MNTGMCL041).

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 47 Welshpool Welshpool Substation !(

Welshpool Welshpool Substation Welshpool !( Welshpool SubstationMontgomery Welshpool !( Welshpool Substation Welshpool !( Welshpool Substation !(

Newtown

Montgomery

Montgomery

Montgomery

Montgomery

Newtown

Newtown

Newtown

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Bryn Dadlau!( Substation

Bryn Dadlau!( Substation Bryn Dadlau!( Substation Bryn Dadlau!( Substation Bryn Dadlau!( Substation

Key Figure 6.7 Key:Key !( Area Centre !( SubstationsSmall VillagesArea Centre SecondarySmall Villages B Roads Secondary B Roads 132kV Overhead Lines Substations Key 132kV Overhead Lines Landscape and Settlements & Infrastructure!( Area Centre Small VillagesKey Settlements Secondary B Roads 132kVMontgomery Overhead Canal Lines 33kV Overhead Lines LandscapeKey and Substations Visual Study Area Rural Settlements LandscapeKey andSettlements Rural Settlements Montgomery Canal 33kV Overhead Lines Visual!( StudySubstations Area Area Centre SmallKey VillagesProposed Settlements Route Secondary B Roads Montgomery132kVMajor AOverhead Roads Canal Lines 33kVRailway Overhead Lines 11kV Overhead Lines Key Visual Study Area Rural SettlementsLarge Villages Landscape and !( Area Centre Small Villages SecondaryProposed Route B Roads Montgomery Canal Railway Substations ProposedVisual Route Study Area Key SettlementsLarge Villages RuralLarge Settlements132kV Villages OverheadMajor Lines A RoadsMajor A Roads Railway33kV Overhead Lines 11kV Overhead Lines11kV Overhead Lines Landscape and NTS Proposed Route Montgomery Canal Railway 11kV Overhead Lines Visual Study Area Key Settlements Rural Settlements Large Villages Major A33kV Roads Overhead Lines Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112 Proposed Route Large Villages Major A Roads Railway 11kV Overhead Lines

48 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

Welshpool Substation !(

Bryn Dadlau Substation !(

KeyFigure 6.8 Key: National Inventory Woodland !( Ancient & Semi Substations BroadleavedAncient & SemiAncient & Semi Shrub Felled Natural Woodland!( !( BroadleavedBroadleaved Shrub Shrub Felled Felled SubstationsSubstations Natural WoodlandNatural Woodland WoodlandsLandscape and Landscape andLandscape and Plantation on Plantation on ConiferousPlantation on Coniferous Coniferous Young TreesYoung Trees Visual Study Area Visual StudyVisual Area Study Area Ancient WoodlandAncient Woodland Young Trees Ancient Woodland Ground PreparedGround Prepared Proposed RouteProposed Route Mixed Mixed Ground Preparedfor Planting for Planting Proposed Route Mixed NTS for Planting

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 49 6.4.35 Tourism and leisure activities are considered an important economic generator 6.4.41 With respect to watersports, the Montgomery Canal provides opportunities for for the region. The area has a variety of attractions and is noted for its historic and boating and fishing. cultural features as well as its attractive scenery, which provides the setting for a number of outdoor activities and imparts a strong sense of place. Settlements 6.4.42 The golf courses, caravan and camping sites within the study area, have been such as Montgomery and Kerry have maintained their historic charm and are identified from OS maps and during site survey and are shown on Figure 6.9. largely unspoilt by modern development. Historic Landscape Formal Facilities LANDMAP HL40: Overall Historic Landscape Evaluation 6.4.36 Figure 6.9: Tourism and Recreation, shows the recreational and visitor facilities Most of the historic landscape through which the route passes is classed as and resources in the area, including a number of sites, which are included within moderate or high value. the Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales. The LANDMAP information only identifies those classes of historic land use, patterns and features that are structurally prominent and contribute to the  Montgomery Canal - this 18th/19th century canal is a popular cruising overall historic character of the present landscape. Archaeological sites waterway which also provides informal recreation opportunities and monuments that do not meet this criterion are considered separately for walking, fishing and local canal boat rides. Modern canalside in Chapter 8.0. The key features of an individual aspect area may not development is planned for Berriew. necessarily be of great antiquity, although the area itself may contain several  The Machynlleth to Shrewsbury railway passes through the study area archaeological sites. Conversely, an Aspect Area may not contain any following the Severn Valley. Formerly a passenger and freight line, which significant archaeology in the traditional sense. although used locally for transport, is now predominantly a leisure route. 6.4.43 Chapter 8.0: Cultural Heritage contains details of the archaeological status and  Ancient fortifications including Powis Castle, Montgomery Castle and Dolforwyn Castle and Offa’s Dyke. historic landscape assessment for the study area. However, because cultural heritage sites and the historic environment make a notable contribution to the  Sites included on the Register of Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of landscape and are also important visitor attractions, a brief outline of historic Special Historic Interest include Glansevern Hall and Gardens and characteristics is included here. Leighton Hall and Park. Of these, Leighton Hall, Leighton Park, Leighton Pentre and Leighton Farm (Leighton Centre) lie closest to the proposed 6.4.44 Within the study area, there are a number of historic parks and gardens registered overhead line. Apart from Leighton Pentre, all are afforded protection in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic interest in Wales. Of as either Conservation Areas, listed structure, SAMs or as a Registered these, Powis Castle is owned by the National Trust, whilst the remainder are in Historic Park and Garden. They all form part of the Leighton Hall private ownership and are not generally open to the public. Landscape VS (MNTGMCCL041) Aspect Area, lying around two miles east of Welshpool on the lower slopes of Long Mountain and face Powis 6.4.45 Powis Castle lies just outside the northern end of the study area, overlooking Castle across the flat bottomed Severn Valley. the Severn Valley and comprising a medieval castle, set in a 18th – 19th century landscape park. Rights of Way & Public Access 6.4.46 Leighton Hall Estate and farm complex comprises a series of historic buildings 6.4.37 In addition to formal tourism facilities, the area offers opportunities for informal set in ornamental parkland at the northern end of the study area, overlooking the recreation, including walking, horse riding, cycling, angling, water sports and Severn Valley. It is not open to the public. bird watching. Access to the countryside is provided by an extensive public rights of way network in addition to the dense network of lanes and tracks. 6.4.47 Glansevern Hall is an early 19th century Classical house in a picturesque landscaped setting situated near Berriew, whose gardens are open to the public 6.4.38 A number of long distance walking or cycling routes pass through the study area during the summer months. including: 6.4.48 Garthmyl Hall is a Victorian Classical gentry house in landscaped gardens  Offa’s Dyke (National Trail) – which runs north to south through the situated near Berriew, currently a hotel. eastern part of the study area is a significant leisure and recreation route largely following Offa’s Dyke, the symbolic and physical earthwork 6.4.49 Cefn Bryntalch is a 19th century Queen Anne revival house and garden situated boundary between Wales and England. just above the Severn Valley on the B4384. It is not open to the public.  Glyndwr’s Way (National Trail) - runs in and out of the study area in three places: at its southern edge to the south of the Kerry Ridgeway; at its 6.4.50 Other historic attractions, which contribute to the overall landscape character of south-western edge on the Waun Ddubarthog ridge; and, and at its the study area, include: northern end near Welshpool. th  Severn Way (Regional Route) – follows the course of the River Severn. 6.4.51 Dolforwyn Castle is the remains of a 12 century castle located on a wooded hilltop above the River Severn near Abermule, just outside the study area. The  Kerry Ridgeway (Regional Route) – this 15-mile trail, which runs along site is managed by CADW and is open to the public. Kerry Hill from Cider House Farm, near Kerry, to Bishops Castle in England, follows one of the most ancient of the tracks and ridgeways 6.4.52 Montgomery Castle stands on a rocky outcrop and dates back to the 12th which criss-cross the Cambrian Mountains. century. The site is managed by CADW and is open to the public.  Sustrans Cycle Trail 81 (National Cycle Route) – an on-road route which runs south-west to north-east through the study area, broadly following 6.4.53 Offa’s Dyke is an early medieval linear earthwork, which represents the the Severn Valley. ancient boundary between England and Wales, crosses the eastern part of the study area. Some of the best preserved stretches lie near Montgomery. It is a 6.4.39 Figure 6.9: Tourism and Recreation shows the extensive network of footpaths well used and promoted long distance footpath. and bridleways in the study area and also highlights the extent of areas open to public access and designated under the provisions of the Countryside and Rights 6.4.54 The north-east part of the study area is perhaps the most significant and/ of Way Act 2000. Shown on OS maps under differing descriptions, these are or well preserved and is included in the Register of Landscapes of Historic open to the public by permission of the owners, often the Forestry Commission, Interest in Wales. This is the Vale of Montgomery (HL35), which is classed as the National Trust, or Woodland Trust. The largest area of access land is found outstanding in the Register. The Vale of Montgomery occupies a natural basin in the south-western corner of the study area, and covers the Waun Ddubarthog some 6km across, formed at the confluence of the Rivers Severn and Camlad. ridge and encompasses the existing Llandinam wind farm. It comprises both The area contained within this natural amphitheatre surrounding Montgomery open country and registered common land, together with Garn Fach, a public presents extensive evidence of the historical struggle for control of territory and forest. Further to the east, another large area of access land extends across the communications, which has typified Welsh history. The landscape includes study area to the south of the Kerry Ridgeway. In addition, there are a number of remnants of fortification, boundaries, settlements and field systems from smaller areas of access land scattered throughout the study area. These include prehistory to the medieval period, reflecting the conflicting claims on this border several small public forests, areas of non-statutory permissive access land and area. Further information on this landscape including an assessment of the a few small areas of registered common land. effect of the overhead line on it is included in Chapter 8.0: Cultural Heritage.

Other Recreational Facilities 6.4.40 Angling is an important activity within the study area, with a number of locations for both coarse and game fishing, particularly along the River Severn. These are identified on Figure 6.9: Tourism and Recreation.

50 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

The Garth t[ Trelydan Hall t[ Brookland Hall t[ ¡[ t[

¡[ Welshpool Substation Llanerchydol Hall ¡[ !( Powisk Castle t[

t[ Leighton Hall ¡[

t[ t[

t[ t[ Vaynor Park Glansevern Hall ¡[ Garthmyl Hall t[ t[

Gregynog Montgomery Castle k Cefn Bryntalch t[ Lymore Park Dolforwynk Castle t[ Offas Dyke ¡[Montgomery Canal t[ Severn Way ¡[ Mellington Hall ¡[ ¡[ t[ t[ t[

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Key Figure 6.9 !!! Offa's Dyke NationalKey: Trail Footpaths Public Forest !( Substations Historic Landscape !( !!! Offa's Dyke National Trail Footpaths Historic Landscape !!! Substations Glyndwr's Way National Trail !!! Bridleway Historic Parks and Gardens Common Land TourismLandscape & Recreation and Landscape and Glyndwr's Way National Trail Bridleway Historic Parks and Gardens !!! Visual Study Area !!! Severn Way Regional Trail Visual Study Area Severn Way Regional Trail Other PROW Otherk PROW Common Land Open Country Proposed Route !!! Castles Kerry Ridgeway Regional Trail Sustrans Cycle Route Open Country Proposed Route !!! k Castles Kerry Ridgeway Regional Trail MontgomerySustrans Canal Cycle Route Railway¡[ Fishing Other Statutory Access Land Other Statutory Access Land NTS ¡[ Fishing t[ Caravan/Camping Sites Public Forest Montgomery Canal Railway t[ Caravan/Camping Sites Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 51 Landscape Character

LANDMAP VS50: Overall Visual and Sensory Evaluation Most of the visual and sensory landscape through which the route passes is classed as being of moderate or high value.

6.4.55 The landscape of the study area comprises a variety of rural scenery, ranging from windswept moorland through steep scarp slopes and small-scale rolling pastures to the broad Severn Valley. Within these different areas, settlements, farms, broadleaved woodlands, coniferous plantations and urban land uses associated with the communications corridor along the Severn Valley have created a diversity of landscape detail. In addition to the broad swathes of woodland, and with the exception of the higher ground, the area is covered with LCA M19 – Welshpool a scattering of small woodlands, trees and hedgerows. These add a sense of 6.4.61 A thriving market/commercial town lying within the River Severn floodplain, which enclosure and intimacy to the landscape. The presence of small settlements and has a close relationship with the river in the centre of town. areas of well-maintained farmland reinforce this human scale. The scenic quality of much of the landscape remains intact. Wood pole lines, including telegraph poles and overhead power lines are a locally detracting feature particularly in the Severn Valley where they are prominent in some views, but elsewhere they tend to be unobtrusive due to the varied local landform and high proportion of tree cover.

6.4.56 The Powys LCA has identified and mapped 67 discrete Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) across Powys using baseline data derived from the LANDMAP study provided by CCW (Figures 6.10 & 6.11). This data was reviewed in detail and supplemented by further desk study and fieldwork, in order to identify and demarcate areas of common landscape character. Each LCA is presented as a data sheet, which includes detailed descriptions of the main characteristics of the landscape described under all five of the LANDMAP Aspect Areas. The LCA M29 – Kerry Hill data sheets also include representative photographs in order to illustrate the general appearance and character of the landscape. The special qualities of 6.4.62 Most of this area is a broad, open expanse of upland grazing with dominant each LCA are defined and any discernible trends in landscape change noted open skies and a high degree of wind exposure, forming the boundary with and described. A copy of the data sheets for each of the eight LCAs within the Radnorshire to the south-west (into which this LCA merges) and to England to study area is provided at Appendix G. The second page of each of the data the south-east. Contrasting large tracts of coniferous forestry plantations lie to sheets lists the LANDMAP Aspect Areas recorded within each LCA for each of the south of Kerry and Sarn. the five Evaluated Aspects. The unique LANDMAP reference number is provided, together with its final overall evaluation.

6.4.57 A summary description of the Powys LCAs within the study area is provided below. A more detailed description of each area is provided later in this chapter:

LCA M31 – Llandinam to Llandysil Hillsides 6.4.63 These are extensive areas characterised by an intricate patchwork of small field parcels bounded by mature hedgerows, together with more open larger grazed and cultivated fields and dispersed settlement/farmsteads overlooking the flat open farmland of the Severn Valley. A prominent escarpment is visible from main LCA M9 – Severn Farmlands roads and the railway. 6.4.58 A significant open valley/vale landscape along the Rivers Severn and Vyrnwy, with settlements of various sizes.

LCA M32 – Waun Ddubarthog 6.4.64 A high, open, upland ridge and plateau rising to around 500m AOD above the LCA M10 – Guilsfield Severn Valley to the south of Newtown and stretching into Radnorshire. 6.4.59 Most of this area is an extensive landscape of rolling hillsides and pastures with rounded tops.

LCA R18 – Ithon Valley Hillsides LCA M18 – Long Mountain/Breidden Hills 6.4.65 A distinct area of sloping ground at the head of the Ithon Valley, with open ground punctuated by frequent rectilinear blocks and lines of coniferous woodland 6.4.60 An area of managed upland grazing, lying to the east of the River Severn and plantation. reaching to the Welsh border, this area is distinguished from its surroundings by its low incidence of individual or hedgerow trees and its marked rectilinear field pattern.

52 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

M7 Pont Llogel

M12 Banwy Valley M10 M19 Guilsfield Welshpool

Welshpool Substation !(

M14 Esgair Cwmowen

M18 Long Mountain/Breidden Hills

M9 Severn Farmlands M13 Tregynon/Llanerfyl

ENG

M26 M9 Severn Farmlands Caersws Valleys M31 Llandinam to Llandyssil Hillside M27 Newtown

M29 Kerry Hill

M32 Waun Ddubarthog

Bryn Dadlau Substation !( ENG

R18 Ithon Valley Hillsides

R7 R11 Teme Hillsides Beacon Hill

R12 Ithon Valley R18 Ithon Valley Hillsides Key !( FigureSubstations 6.10 M29 Powys LandscapeKey: Character Areas Landscape and !( PowysVisual LCAs Study Area Substations M29 Powys Landscape Character Areas Landscape and Proposed Route Visual Study Area Proposed Route NTS

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 53 Guilsfield

Llanerfyl Guilsfield Rolling Farmlands Caereinion Plateau Llanerfyl Mosaic Farmlands Grazing

Vyrnwy Rolling Lowlands Welshpool Caereinion Plateau Grazing Welshpool Substation !( Llanfair Caereinon

Castle Caereinion Esgair Cwmowen Uplands Castle Caereinion Farmlands

Long Mountain

River Severn Flood plain

Manafon Cefn Coch Rolling Pasture Crewgreen to Forden Esgair Cwmowen Uplands Hill and Scar

Berriew

Garthmyl Rolling Farmland

Garthmyl Tregynon Tregynon Rolling Hills Esgair Cwmowen Uplands Montgomery Mosaic Rolling Farmlan

Bettws Cedwain Montgomery

Llandyssil Hill and Scarp Grazing River Severn Flood plain Caersws River Bowl

Church Stoke Open Farmland

Caersws Hopton Isaf Hill and Scarp Newtown Sarn

Kerry Stepaside

Llandinam Hill and Scarp Mosaic Llandinam

Kerry Ridgeway Kerry Ridgeway Woodland

Warn Ddubarthog Wind Farm

Bryn Dadlau Substation Upland moor, !( Kerry Hills

Bryn-y-Sarnau forest slopes and fields Wye & Ithon valley Improved upland, floors, north west of upper Ithon Valley slopes, Improved upland, west Ithon south of Kerry Hills

Upland valleys Upland moor, south of Kerry Hills Ridge & valley, north & west of Abbeycwmhir north Teme side

KeyFigure 6.11 Key: !( Substations LANDMAP Visual!( andSubstations Sensory Aspect AreasLANDMAP Visual and Sensory Aspect Areas LANDMAP VSSAs Landscape and Landscape and Visual Study Area Visual Study Area Proposed Route Preferred Route NTS

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

54 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

Landscape Value 6.4.66 Landscape value is a measure of the relative value or importance attached to a landscape. A landscape may be valued for many reasons, which might Overall Evaluation Score Definition of Importance to the Evaluated Aspect include landscape quality, scenic quality, tranquillity, value, consensus about its importance either nationally or locally, or other cultural or historic associations. Outstanding International or national importance

6.4.67 Whilst historically in Powys, landscape value was recognised in the allocation High Regional or county importance of SLAs to discrete areas, this approach has now been superseded by the LANDMAP process, which assesses the intrinsic value of the whole landscape. Moderate Local importance

6.4.68 To ensure consistency of evaluation, LANDMAP uses standardised criteria which Low Little or no importance are applied across each Aspect Area. For each Aspect Area the importance of the qualities within the Aspect Area are scored and combined to produce an overall evaluation for the Aspect Area. This is recorded as Outstanding, High, Moderate, Low or Unknown. LANDMAP interprets the importance of these as follows:

TABLE 6.6: SUMMARY OF OVERALL EVALUATION SCORES FOR LANDMAP ASPECT AREAS WITH STUDY AREA

LANDMAP Visual and LANDMAP Geological LANDMAP Landscape LANDMAP Historic LANDMAP Cultural LCA No. LCA Sensory Aspect Areas Aspect Areas Habitats Aspect Areas Landscape Aspect Areas Aspect Areas M9 Severn Farmlands 370 Moderate 297 Moderate 033 High 294 Outstanding 001 Outstanding 434 Moderate 388 High 034 Moderate 441 Outstanding 005 High 507 High 391 Moderate 036 Moderate 514 High 008 High 650 Moderate 471 Moderate 056 Moderate 617 Outstanding 014 Outstanding 722 Moderate 501 Moderate 059 Moderate 620 Outstanding 030 Outstanding 745 Moderate 748 High 0102 Moderate 719 Outstanding 051 High 769 High 980 High 052 High 802 Low 054 High 860 Moderate 949 Moderate M10 Guilsfield 899 High 501 Moderate 034 Moderate 719 High 054 High 722 Moderate M18 Long Mountain/ Breidden Hills 301 High 391 Moderate 033 High 116 Outstanding 005 High 370 Moderate 471 Moderate 036 Moderate 310 High 006 Outstanding 650 Moderate 697 Outstanding 514 High 007 Outstanding 823 Moderate 707 High 014 Outstanding 785 High 041 Outstanding 052 High M27 Newtown 650 Moderate 108 Outstanding 033 High 129 High 005 High 762 High 761 High 0103 Moderate 592 Low 008 High 769 High 0109 Moderate 936 High 019 High 802 Low M29 Kerry Hill R111 High 444 High 018 High 124 Outstanding 005 High 254 High 377 Moderate 054 Moderate 630 Outstanding 011 High 316 Moderate 168 Moderate 056 Moderate R121 High 048 High 650 Moderate 279 Moderate 089 Low R997 Moderate 051 High 683 Moderate 256 Moderate 092 Moderate R007 High 946 Moderate R152 Outstanding M31 Llandiam to Llandysil Hillsides 212 High 168 Moderate 033 High 124 Outstanding 005 High 254 High 256 Moderate 054 Moderate 267 Moderate 014 Outstanding 434 Moderate 279 Moderate 056 Moderate 541 High 017 Outstanding 650 Moderate 279 Moderate 057 Moderate 617 Outstanding 030 Outstanding 683 Moderate 377 Moderate 620 Outstanding 048 High 946 Moderate 388 High 630 Outstanding 051 High 391 Moderate 661 Moderate 444 High 789 High 748 High 769 High 922 Moderate 974 Moderate M32 Waun Ddubarthog 254 High 279 Outstanding 050 Moderate 661 Moderate 017 Outstanding 443 High 938 Moderate 054 Moderate 789 High 051 High R18 Ithon Valley Hillsides R111 High 168 Moderate 050 Moderate 124 Outstanding 017 Outstanding R122 Moderate 938 Outstanding 054 Moderate 661 Moderate 051 High R123 Moderate R152 Outstanding R017 Moderate R613 High R007 High R125 Moderate R422 High R018 High R997 Moderate R008 Outstanding R136 Moderate R546 High R025 Low R023 High R140 High R650 Moderate 254 High R735 Moderate 443 High

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 55 6.4.69 Table 6.6, provides a tabulated summary of the final overall evaluation for all Llanbadarn Fynydd Wind Farm - Non Technical Summary five Aspects for each of the Aspect Areas, which fall within the study area. This utilises data extracted from the Powys LCA Data Sheets, categorised under the “The evaluation of the landscape effects … concludes that there will be relevant LCA. Accompanying plans in Appendix F, map the overall evaluation limited significant landscape effects as a result of operational activities. The across the study area for each of the five Evaluated Aspects. operation of the turbines will cause direct effects on the four landscape character areas within which the site is located”. 6.4.70 In analysing this data, whilst the visual and sensory, geological, landscape “The landscape assessment concludes that an incremental increase in the habitats and historical evaluations are quite informative in terms of the spread of number of turbines present on the western horizon in some panoramic views evaluation, the cultural landscape evaluation is less so, with a predominance of from the AONB will not undermine its characteristics or landscape value. high and outstanding areas. Given the location of the proposed wind farm is within a Strategic Search Area, it is reasonable to assume that the western setting of this AONB will 6.4.71 The overall evaluation maps show that most of the study area is classed as being be modified in the near future by the introduction of new turbines at other of moderate (local importance) to high (regional importance) value in all Aspect locations within the Strategic Search Area”. Areas (excluding cultural as discussed above). “The visual assessment concludes that likely significant effects are predicted Landscape Trends to be mainly sustained by the residents at some isolated properties on higher ground together with walkers using the stretch of the Glyndwr’s Way long 6.4.72 The Powys LCA describes discernible trends in the condition or management of distance trail which is close to the proposed site. In addition, walkers on a the landscape and these are summarised in the individual descriptions later in section of Kerry Ridgeway and open access land on and around the summit this section. These give pointers as to how the baseline landscape of the area is of Cilfaesty Hill, together with any walkers choosing to use the footpath changing or may change in the near future. The southern end of the study area network which runs in a slightly truncated form though the site, would lies within SSAC Newtown South as identified in TAN8 and the re-powering and experience significant visual effects”. expansion of the Llandinam wind farm is the beginning of the expansion of wind energy in the locality. Llaithddu – Non Technical Summary “The introduction of wind turbines at Llaithddu would alter the landscape 6.4.73 It is likely that, should the indicative generating capacity for SSA C as identified in character of the site and its immediate surroundings, but, due to the presence TAN8 be reached or exceeded, then the character of the LCAs will change with of the neighbouring wind farm, would not significantly affect the ‘Waun the introduction of further new wind farm developments. As discussed previously, Ddubarthog Wind Farm’ and ‘Upland Moor North West of Abbeycwmhir’ a number of developers have applied for planning permission. It is reasonable, character units as defined by the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW). therefore, to assume that in the near future, there will be other wind farms within The change to local character would be of moderate or moderate-minor or near to the Llandinam study area and that these will have an effect both on significance and would be reversible following decommissioning. Significant views and on the landscape character of the Kerry Hill area. The wind farms visual effects would mainly be contained within Strategic Search Area C and which have applied for connections all lie to the south of the study area. With the are not likely to occur beyond 3km from the Llaithddu site. Consequently current restrictions in network capacity between Newtown and Welshpool, these views generally from the wider surroundings would not be affected to any new connections are likely to be directed to a new National Grid substation. significant degree, including those from local settlements ….. Close to the The location of this National Grid substation is currently (2009), the subject of a site the Llaithddu proposals are likely to have a minor and moderate residual separate study. However, work undertaken by National Grid suggests that it is cumulative effect respectively on the character of the ‘Waun Ddubarthog likely to be somewhere within, or near, the Carno Valley and that the wind farm Wind Farm’ and ‘Upland Moor North West of Abbeycwmhir’ CCW character connections from SSA C are likely to be directed in northerly or north-westerly units and moderate to major effect on views from certain locations within 2km direction to it. In adopting this broad alignment, both the connections and the of the nearest turbines and immediately to the east of the site when seen in proposed wind farms from which they emanate will potentially have an adverse conjunction with the proposed Llanbadarn scheme”. effect on the landscape. Table 6.7 summarises the likely effects of the Llandinam, Llanbadam Fynydd and Llaithddu wind farms as extracted from the relevant published documents. It also includes a summary of the potential effects arising Landscape Sensitivity from the extended and re-powered Llandinam wind farm. The implication of the 6.4.74 As will be discussed in the following assessment of individual LCAs, much of the potential adverse landscape change arising from the wind farm development in study area has medium sensitivity to overhead line development. This is because the area is that the capacity for overhead line development will increase at the the visual complexity of the landscape afforded by the rolling and undulating southern end of the study area and that this changing baseline situation needs topography, high level of tree cover and presence of other development, to be taken into account when considering the potential effects of the current including overhead lines offer good opportunities to limit the visibility of the wood proposal . pole supports. TABLE 6.7 PREDICTED EFFECTS ARISING FROM OTHER WIND FARMS IN THE AREA (CURRENTLY IN PLANNING PROCESS) 6.5 Project Description & Mitigation Strategy Llandinam Wind Farm - Section 6.7.6.8 Project Description “The LVIA therefore predicts significant effects on landscape character arising from the Development in localised parts of 2 of the 22 LCTs within the 6.5.1 The design evolution, project description and construction details of the study area, and 14 of the 46 LCAs. Significant effects would occur from the proposed overhead line are described in Chapter 3.0: Design Evolution and Development, either on its own, or considered in conjunction with the other 4.0: Project Description. The project includes the erection of 35km of overhead existing or consented windfarms. To the southeast of the site, in the vicinity line on mainly double wood pole supports within a 100m wide corridor, between of the proposed Llanbadarn Fynydd and scoping stage Garreg Lwyd Hill the Bryn Dadlau and Welshpool substations. The overhead line is proposed in and Llaithddu windfarms, the effects of the Development would be reduced, response to the grid connection application to SP Manweb from the developers when these other wind farms are included in the assessment”. of the Llandinam wind farm. Garreg Lwyd Hill Wind Farm – Non Technical Summary Mitigation Strategy “Based on comprehensive assessment residual effects of the Proposal considered to be significant under the Environmental Impact Assessment 6.5.2 The purpose of mitigation is to avoid, reduce and where possible offset any Regulations would be limited to: significant adverse landscape or visual effects resulting from the proposed development.  landscape effects on the Shropshire Hills AONB;  localised landscape effects on parts of the four landscape character 6.5.3 The main strategy for minimising the negative effects of the overhead line on types; landscape and visual amenity is avoidance through careful planning, design  visual effects on the settlement of Felindre; and routeing. This is the strategy adopted by SPEN in the preceding routeing study, which led to the identification of the Proposed Route under consideration  localised visual effects on a section of Glyndwr’s Way; and, in this ES. A route has been developed, which together with other constraints  visual effects on 9 of the 17 selected viewpoints, at a maximum both responds to the landscape and visual characteristics of the study area and separation distance of c.7km*. which seeks to avoid specific locations that are considered particularly sensitive *these include Kerry Ridgeway at Ceri Forest and at Two Tumps, Bettws-y- to overhead lines. crwyn, Felindre, Beacon Hill, a minor road north of Llanbadarn Fynydd, Fron Top, Glyndwr’s Way at Hope Castle Farm, and north of Llaithddu.

56 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

6.5.4 Another important factor in mitigating the effects of the proposed overhead line is  Clearance of vegetation. the technical design of the line itself. Historically overhead lines with a capacity of 132kV have used steel lattice towers approximately 26m high. Advances in  Construction and removal of new site access tracks leading to loss of overhead line technology now means that lines of this voltage can be supported landscape features (if necessary). by wood poles, with steelwork carrying the insulators and cables. This new  Introduction of personnel and plant, with associated additional traffic technical design has been recently installed on the New Kinmel Bay to Moelfre movements. 132kV overhead line connection near Rhyl, in North Wales, where it has proved to  Excavation of foundations, including temporary hardstandings (substation be less visible than the more traditional steel lattice towers. Images of the wood only). poles supports proposed for this scheme provided in Photographs 4.1 and 4.2.  Temporary site compound and site storage areas. 6.5.5 Some of the measures to avoid landscape and visual effects are set out in Table  Construction and dismantling of the overhead lines and above ground 6.8. structures associated with the substation.  Reinstatement works. TABLE 6.8: MEASURES TO AVOID LANDSCAPE & VISUAL EFFECTS 6.6.4 Following completion of construction and decommissioning activities, all  Pole selection – use of wood pole supports rather than steel towers. personnel, plant and construction equipment will be removed from site and  Avoidance of areas with high tree cover to minimise requirements for tree re-instatement works carried out. These activities are described more fully in felling and pruning. Chapter 4.0: Project Description and in the draft Construction Method Statement  Avoidance of skyline locations, which tend to increase the visibility of (CMS) included at Appendix D. poles.  Location of poles so that trees and topography provide a natural screen During Operation to views. 6.6.5 The main operational effects of the proposed overhead line, which may give rise to landscape and visual effects will be the addition of 35km of new line on  Micro-siting of poles in discussion with landowners to minimise visibility approximately 394 wood pole supports, together with the localised maintenance from individual properties. of previously unmanaged vegetation. Once constructed, the overhead line will  Wherever possible routeing the line along the ‘grain’ of the landscape require only occasional maintenance visits and there will be no requirement for e.g. by following field boundaries. any lighting.  Utilising existing field accesses wherever possible, to minimise the need for new site access tracks. Assessment of Landscape & Visual - Effects During  Locating poles as far away from designated routes and other public Construction & Decommissioning rights of way as possible. 6.6.6 Measures to limit potential adverse landscape and visual effects during  Use of a qualified and experienced arboriculturalist to manage existing construction and decommissioning include careful design of operations to vegetation. minimise duration and scale of effects. The changes to the landscape during  Use of site derived topsoil to reinstate around poles. operation and maintenance will commence immediately once the construction period has finished and any associated machinery, vehicles or temporary 6.5.6 Where negative effects are unavoidable, the reduction of any remaining conflict buildings have been removed. with the landscape (and any other environmental constraints) requires detailed consideration of site characteristics and the introduction of specific measures 6.6.7 The limited extent of the disturbance and short duration of the construction and designed to address identified adverse effects. decommissioning stage effects, combined with the progressive reinstatement of individual pole locations will ensure that the effects of these phases on the 6.5.7 Residual effects are those effects which remain after mitigation. landscape and visual amenity of the locality are minimised. Due to the linear nature of the scheme, individual activities will not be experienced concurrently 6.5.8 The introduction of an overhead line will inevitably give rise to adverse effects and will take place over short time scales. This, combined with good site on the landscape and visual resource. A route, which is legible, responds to management, will ensure that visual disturbance is minimised. the landscape, and comprises suitably chosen and located elements, is an important consideration in the limitation of these adverse effects and therefore its 6.6.8 Construction of the scheme will require the removal of approximately 300 trees appropriateness and acceptability. along the 35km of route and 20-30 sections of hedgerow (although most of these will be replanted). This will not fundamentally modify the primary landscape characteristic of the area. Trees and hedges are a common feature of much 6.6 Assessment of Effects of the study area and the removal of the required vegetation will not have a significant effect on the area’s landscape. 6.6.1 In the context of the development of the overhead line, all landscape and visual effects are considered adverse effects. This part of the chapter, therefore 6.6.9 Concern has been raised during consultation relating to the creation of access examines the likely significant adverse effects of the proposed overhead line tracks required for maintenance vehicles. However, as access is so infrequently on landscape and visual receptors. For this assessment, it is assumed that the required, there is no need for any permanent access tracks. On this basis, no re-powered and extended Llandinam wind farm is constructed and operational. effects will arise. It also assumes the presence of the other wind farms, which are the subject of planning applications, namely, Llanbadarn, Llaithddu and Garreg Lwyd. 6.6.10 It is likely that the construction of the proposed overhead line will overlap with the construction of the wind farm. The number of vehicle movements required 6.6.2 As has been described previously, landscape and visual effects arise from a for construction of the line is, however, so limited that this is not considered likely variety of sources at any or all stages in the lifecycle of the development and can to give rise to any significant effects. This issue is considered further in Chapter be benificial or adverse. As previously noted, for the purposes of this assessment, 10.0: Other Issues. short term temporary effects are those associated with the construction and decommissioning periods. Long term, temporary effects are associated with the 6.6.11 Due to the nature and scale of an overhead line, the effect of construction and operational life of the overhead line but are still reversible. Where any effect is decommissioning the line on landscape and visual receptors is considered identified, an assessment is made of its significance. minor and therefore not significant. The only visual receptors likely to be temporarily affected are the few properties that lie in close proximity to the Sources of Effect individual pole locations and the roads and lanes, which will be used for the limited construction traffic. In terms of the landscape, it is considered that the During Construction & Decommissioning relatively small-scale effects and disturbances will not fundamentally modify its 6.6.3 The activities and features, which have the potential to affect the landscape and primary characteristics, even on a temporary basis. Hedges and trees are a visual amenity of the study area during the construction and decommissioning common feature of the lower lying parts of the study area and the removal of the phases include: required trees will not have a significant effect on the area’s landscape.

6.6.12 Because there are no significant landscape or visual effects identified, no additional mitigation measures are proposed and construction and decommissioning effects will not be considered further in this ES.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 57 Assessment of Landscape Effects During Operation 6.6.24 Whilst there are some areas which display some high or outstanding scenery (notably around Montgomery), much of the area is affected by the busy A483 Introduction road corridor and by association with urban development. Existing 132kV and 6.6.13 The introduction of an overhead line into the landscape may result in changes to 33kV overhead lines are routed along the Severn Valley and there is a network the landscape resource. Any significant change to the landscape resource will of lower voltage and telegraph lines. The presence of the proposed overhead occur within the eight LCAs, which lie within the study area and which have the line would add to the range of manmade structures evident within this LCA but, potential to be significantly affected. given the nature of the baseline landscape, would not constitute an appreciable change in its defining characteristics. Its sensitivity to further overhead line 6.6.14 As described previously, the operation and maintenance of the proposed development is therefore considered low. overhead line will affect the local landscape resource through the introduction of new structures. 6.6.25 The proposed overhead line will be most evident where it crosses the Camlad Valley north of Montgomery and as it drops into the Severn Valley to converge 6.6.15 The effect of these changes on the landscape is only likely to become significant with the existing 132kV line prior to entering the Welshpool substation. In these when the overhead line results in a considerable change to the baseline locations, it will form a locally conspicuous landscape feature. Elsewhere it will landscape. This depends on the character and quality of the landscape, the appear as a distant landscape feature, which will blend in against the well-treed scale and nature of the change and the extent and duration of the effect. Large- hillsides. scale changes, which introduce new or discordant or intrusive elements into the landscape, particularly in combination with a highly sensitive landscape, are 6.6.26 When considered in the context of the size of this LCA, the low magnitude of more likely to be significant than small changes or changes involving features change, combined with the low sensitivity, will result in a minor effect on the already present within the view. landscape. This will be localised within the immediate vicinity of the overhead line, with much of the wider landscape unaffected. This minor effect is not 6.6.16 The following text provides an assessment of the likely effect of the overhead significant. line on the landscape of each of the Powys LCAs, which lie within the study area. This is then summarised in Table 6.9. Clearly, effects on landscape will vary with distance from the line as well as in relation to the particular character, quality, LCA M10 Guilsfield scale and nature of views within each LCA. For instance, whilst there may be a significant adverse effect on local landscape character, when seen in the context LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality – high of the scale of the wider LCA, the overall effect may become insignificant. LANDMAP 47: Integrity - high LANDMAP 48: Character – high 6.6.17 The broad sensitivity of the study area was based on the boundaries of the LANDMAP 49: Rarity - moderate Powys LCAs and was assessed through professional judgment. Because, as LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: discussed in Section 6.4.73 previously, the sensitivity of a landscape may change As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a moderate to high over time, the likely implications of future wind farm development, including the overall evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that the area is re-powering and extending of the Llandinam wind farm, have been accounted for considered of local to regional importance. Guilsfield Rolling Farmlands VSA in the assessment of sensitivity. (MNTGMVS612), which just impinges on the study area, is given an overall LCA M9 Severn Farmlands high evaluation.

LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality - moderate 6.6.27 The Guilsfield LCA lies just within the study area, some 1.5km to the west of the LANDMAP 47: Integrity - moderate proposed overhead line at its closest point. Its undulating terrain comprises LANDMAP 48: Character – high (west side of Severn) a series of south-west to north-east orientated hills and ridges, which are low (east side of Severn) emphasised by linear woodlands. LANDMAP 49: Rarity - high (west side of Severn) moderate (east side of Severn) 6.6.28 The area displays a traditional farmed landscape character with the many broadleaved woodlands and a high prevalence of overgrown hedges, defining LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: a medium scale pattern of pastures. Scenic quality is high, although there has As shown in Table 6.6. LANDMAP gives this area a mainly moderate overall been limited intrusion by modern development. Overall, the area has a settled evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that the area is considered domesticity and strong sense of place. of local importance. The River Severn Floodplain VSA (MNTGMVS650), which covers much of the study area, is given an overall moderate evaluation. 6.6.29 The area is historically and culturally rich with many historical feature including designated sites, old buildings and Registered Historic Parks and Gardens, 6.6.18 The proposed overhead line will pass through two short sections of this LCA, but including Powis Castle, with its medieval deer park, which looks out eastwards because of the size and linearity of the Severn Farmlands LCA, it will lie close to across the Severn Valley floodplain. The settlement pattern is scattered with much of the northern third of the route (from Abermule northwards). individual dispersed rural settlements, such as isolated farms and country houses, often of 17th – 19th century origin. 6.6.19 The Severn Farmlands is a large-scale landscape found along the valley of the River Severn and its tributaries. It includes settlements of various types, including 6.6.30 The high proportion of trees and overgrown hedges, combined with the undulating the historic market towns of Welshpool and Montgomery. A significant feature topography, means that much of the LCA has a strong sense of enclosure and of the landscape is the communications corridor, which follows the River Severn views tend to be short and focussed on the surrounding hillsides. Along its and includes, the A483, the Montgomery Canal, the Cambrian Railway and the eastern edge however, the hillside affords more open views eastwards across 132kV overhead line, which runs along the valley on a combination of wood pole the Severn Valley. and steel lattice tower supports. 6.6.31 No discernible landscape trends are identified, other than some decline in 6.6.20 The landscape has a settled domestic character, dominated by arable farming, traditional hedgerow management on some farmholdings. with some lowland dairy farming. Managed hedges and fence lines predominate with intermittent patches of broadleaved woodland. Together, these produce a 6.6.32 Whilst much of this LCA displays high scenic quality and would normally be well-defined mosaic of medium to large field patterns. Parts of the area display considered of high sensitivity, its southern edge is affected by proximity to a more formal parkland landscape, due to an association with historic houses the Severn Valley and the A483 road corridor. Manmade features, including such as Glansevern Hall and Garthmyl Hall. overhead lines are commonplace. The existing 132kV overhead line is routed along the valley and there is a network of lower voltage overhead lines and 6.6.21 The area is historically and culturally rich with many historical feature including telegraph lines. The presence of the proposed overhead line will add to the designated sites, old buildings and Registered Historic Parks and Gardens. range of manmade structures evident within this LCA but, given the nature of The Vale of Montgomery Registered Landscape of Outstanding Historic the baseline landscape, will not constitute an appreciable change in its defining Interest (HL35) is partially included in this area and encompasses the town of characteristics. Its sensitivity to further overhead line development is therefore Montgomery. The field pattern is medieval to post medieval field in origin. reduced to medium.

6.6.22 Views are open and expansive and there is little sense of enclosure. 6.6.33 There may be limited visibility of the proposed overhead line on the opposite side of the Severn Valley although at 1.5 – 2km distant, these views will be near 6.6.23 No discernible landscape trends are identified, other than some decline in the limit of perceptibility. It is also likely that most views will be screened by the traditional hedgerow management and a loss of hedgerow tree cover. The ES intervening vegetation. for the Llandinam wind farm redevelopment predicts a minor effect on the River Severn Floodplain VSA (MNTGMVS650). 6.6.34 When considered in the context of the size of this LCA, the negligible magnitude of change, when combined with the medium sensitivity, will result in a minor effect on the landscape of this LCA This minor effect is not significant.

58 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

LCA M18 Long Mountain/Breidden Hills 6.6.45 Welshpool is an urban LCA, situated on the western side of the River Severn. It is a historic market town of medieval origin, which comprises a mixture of residential LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality – high (moderate on higher ground) and commercial/light industrial development. It has a close association with LANDMAP 47: Integrity – moderate (high on higher ground) nearby Powis Castle, which reinforces the town’s prominence as a strategically LANDMAP 48: Character – moderate (high on higher ground) placed market town and regional communications hub. It is the second largest LANDMAP 49: Rarity – low (high on higher ground) town in the area after Newtown and is regarded as the gateway to Wales from Shropshire. LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a moderate to high overall 6.6.46 Although the town has maintained much of its historic character, the influence evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that the area is considered of modern urban development and industry particularly east of the A483 means of local to regional importance. Crewgreen to Forden Hill and Scarp VSA that the part town likely to be affected has a low sensitivity to further overhead line (MNTGMVS370), which covers much of the study area, is given an overall high development. evaluation.

6.6.47 There may be very limited visibility of the proposed overhead line from the eastern 6.6.35 North of the Camlad Valley, the proposed overhead line skirts the western edge (more industrialised) edge of the town. Given the intervening distance and of this LCA as it follows the lower part of the Long Mountain scarp slope before screening effects of vegetation, the expected negligible magnitude of change entering the Welshpool substation. combined with the low landscape sensitivity, will result in a minor effect on the landscape of this LCA. This minor effect is not significant. 6.6.36 The Long Mountain/Breidden Hills LCA comprises an area of managed farmland, which is distinguished from the surrounding farmland by its low incidence of individual or hedgerow trees and the marked rectilinear field pattern on the LCA M29 Kerry Hill summit of Long Mountain. Despite the absence of individual hedgerow trees, the few blocks of mixed woodland on its lower slopes and large coniferous LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality – mainly high plantations of the higher ground contribute to an overall well-treed appearance. LANDMAP 47: Integrity – mainly high LANDMAP 48: Character – mainly high 6.6.37 North of Forden, the hillside overlooking the Severn Valley is of medium scale LANDMAP 49: Rarity – moderate to high and is dominated by the Leighton Hall Estate, with its planned parkland and LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: arboretum. The absence of field boundary trees means that parts of this As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a moderate to high overall landscape are quite open, affording long views westwards out across the Severn evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that the area is considered Valley. of local to regional importance. Kerry Ridgeway VSA (MNTGMVS254), which covers much of the study area, is given an overall high evaluation. 6.6.38 The area is historically and culturally rich with historical feature including designated sites, old buildings and Registered Historic Parks and Gardens, 6.6.48 Approximately a quarter of the proposed overhead line will be located within the including Leighton Hall. The southern part of the LCA is included within The Vale Kerry Hill LCA, which incorporates the north facing Kerry Hill ridge and scarp of Montgomery Registered Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest (HL35) slope. It is a transitional landscape lying between the uplands of Shropshire to and includes Offa’s Dyke as well as a high concentration of defensive works. the south and the lower lying mosaic farmland around Montgomery to the north. The settlement pattern is scattered with individual dispersed rural settlements, including isolated farms and country houses, dating from medieval times. 6.6.49 Within the study area, much of this LCA comprises upland improved grassland, Fields on the western scarp slope are irregular and represent a combination of with incised valleys containing linear broadleaved woodlands running down the piecemeal enclosure from medieval times. slope. Fields are medium to large scale and enclosed by overgrown hedges. To the south of Kerry and Sarn, some large tracts of coniferous plantations comprise 6.6.39 No discernible trends are identified other than a decline in traditional field Ceri Forest. boundary hedgerow management. 6.6.50 Views are expansive and dominated by the sky. To the north, there are attractive 6.6.40 Whilst much of the LCA displays high qualities, its western edge is affected by views out across the rolling lowland farmland of the Severn Valley, whilst to the proximity to the railway and by association with urban land uses on the outskirts of south there are dramatic views across upland grazing. The proximity of this Welshpool and along the Severn Valley. The presence of the proposed overhead upland imparts a sense of tranquillity and remoteness, which is emphasised by line will add to the range of manmade structures evident within this LCA but, the high degree of wind exposure. given the nature of the baseline landscape, will not constitute an appreciable change in its defining characteristics. The LCAs sensitivity to further overhead 6.6.51 The ancient drove route of the Kerry Ridgeway crosses the hill at over 330m AOD, line development is therefore considered medium. affording long distance views in all directions. This is a promoted recreational route for walkers, cyclists and horse riders. A sense of history is derived from this 6.6.41 The effects of the proposed overhead line will be confined to the western edge historical drove route as well as from the remnants of the early medieval Cross of this LCA, where it abuts the railway. It will be most evident north of Cilcewydd Dyke. as it drops into the Severn Valley LCA prior to entering the Welshpool substation. In these locations, it will form a locally conspicuous landscape element, although 6.6.52 The area, although intensely rural, is densely settled, with individual dispersed its overall effect will be limited by its discrete routeing through the fields below the houses, farmsteads and cottages of medieval and post medieval origin scattered B4388. Elsewhere it will appear as a distant landscape feature, which will blend throughout. in against the well-treed countryside. 6.6.53 Trends for change within this LCA include clear felling of mature coniferous 6.6.42 The wood poles will be limited elements within the wider landscape and add to plantations and, more importantly, the expansion of wind energy development. the range of manmade structures evident in the adjoining Severn Valley LCA. The current proposals for the re-powering and extension of Llandinam wind farm They will benefit from appreciable screening and backclothing by vegetation and is the beginning of an expansion of wind energy development in this locality. the valley sides. This LCA lies partly within SSAC, Newtown South. As discussed in previously, it is likely that, should the generating capacity target for SSA C be reached or 6.6.43 The expected low magnitude of change arising from the proposed overhead line, exceeded, then the character of this LCA will change markedly. combined with the medium landscape sensitivity will result in a minor effect on the landscape of this LCA. This minor effect is not significant. 6.6.54 As summarised in Table 6.7, the ES for the Llandinam wind farm predicts a moderate (with localised significant effects) effect on Upland Moor Kerry Hills LCA M19 Welshpool (RDNRVS111) and a moderate/major effect on Kerry Ridgeway (MNTGMVS254). This effect will potentially be compounded if further new wind farms (and their LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality – high associated grid connections) are developed in the area as discussed previously. LANDMAP 47: Integrity – moderate When considered in this context, the introduction of an overhead line will not LANDMAP 48: Character – high constitute an appreciable change in the defining characteristics of the anticipated LANDMAP 49: Rarity – high baseline landscape. LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: 6.6.55 In addition, despite the densely scattered settlement pattern, much of this well- As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a mainly high overall treed, undulating farmland offers good opportunities for the discrete routeing of evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect (excluding Habitats, which is considered an overhead line. The area already contains many domestic scale manmade less relevant given the urban context). This means that the area is considered features, including a network of low voltage electricity and telegraph lines, and of regional importance. could reasonably accommodate an additional one. The pastoral and settled qualities of this landscape evolved through human use and habitation and it 6.6.44 The Welshpool LCA lies within the study area, to the north-west of the proposed is a landscape historically used to the presence of domestic scale manmade northern end of the proposed overhead line, and will be approximately 1km from features such as woodland blocks, farmsteads, field boundaries and other small the proposed overhead line at its closest point.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 59 scale buildings. The presence of the proposed overhead line would add to the 6.6.66 Despite the densely scattered settlement pattern, this well-treed, undulating range of manmade structures evident within this LCA but, given the nature of the farmland offers good opportunities for the discrete routeing of an overhead baseline landscape, would not constitute an appreciable change in its defining line. The area already contains numerous domestic scale man made features, characteristics. The LCAs sensitivity to further overhead line development is including a network of low voltage electricity and telegraph lines. An overhead therefore considered medium. line will add to the range of domestic scale manmade structures within this LCA, but will not constitute an appreciable change in its defining characteristics. Its 6.6.56 The high scenic quality, openness and absence of intrusive manmade features sensitivity is therefore considered medium. on Kerry Hill itself, mean that its current sensitivity to overhead line development is high. However, in the light of the predicted adverse landscape change described 6.6.67 The route of the proposed overhead line through this area has been designed to above, the introduction of a new overhead line will potentially be less intrusive minimise its effect on the many properties scattered throughout the area. This than might otherwise be the case. The overall sensitivity of the landscape is has been achieved by minor deviations and by exploiting the screening effects therefore reduced to medium. of topography and vegetation. Although the line will form a locally conspicuous landscape feature, its overall effect will be limited by this discrete routeing. 6.6.57 The route of the proposed overhead line through this area has been designed to minimise its effect on the many properties scattered throughout the area. This 6.6.68 When considered in the context of the size of this LCA, the low magnitude has been achieved by minor deviations and by exploiting the screening effects of change, when combined with the medium sensitivity of this LCA will result of topography and vegetation. Although the overhead line will form a locally in a minor effect on the landscape. This minor effect will be localised within conspicuous landscape feature, its overall effect will be limited by this discrete the immediate vicinity of the overhead line with much of the wider landscape routeing. unaffected. This minor effect is not significant.

6.6.58 Where the proposed overhead line is visible at close range, it will be a locally LCA M32 Waun Ddubarthog conspicuous landscape element, including east of Black Gate, where it crosses the open hillside south of the Kerry Ridgeway. Here it will introduce a moderate LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality – high and therefore, significant change in the defining characteristics of the landscape. LANDMAP 47: Integrity – moderate Again, however, this has to be considered in the context of anticipated landscape LANDMAP 48: Character – high change. LANDMAP 49: Rarity – high

6.6.59 In the context of the LCA as a whole, the expected low magnitude of change, LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: combined with the reduced sensitivity of this LCA in the light of future change, As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a moderate to high will result in a minor effect on its landscape. This will be localised within the overall evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that the area is immediate vicinity of the overhead line, with much of the wider landscape considered of local to regional importance. Waun Ddubarthog Wind Farm unaffected. This minor effect is not significant. VSA (MNTGMVS443), which covers much of the study area, is given an overall high evaluation. Similarly, Windfarms CLA (MNTGMCLO17), is given a high evaluation in recognition of the perceived need for renewable energy LCA M31 Llandinam to Llandyssil Hillsides resources. LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality – moderate to high LANDMAP 47: Integrity – moderate to high 6.6.69 Only a short section of the proposed overhead line will pass through this upland LANDMAP 48: Character – mainly moderate LCA, which lies at the southern end of the study area and includes the Llandinam LANDMAP 49: Rarity – moderate to high wind farm.

LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: 6.6.70 This LCA comprises a high upland ridge, with prominent escarpments rising As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a moderate to high overall to a flatter plateau around 500m AOD. Most of the ridge is exposed upland evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that the area is considered moorland, with bracken/heather scrub and few or no boundaries. Although large of local to regional importance. Llandyssil Hill and Scarp Grazing VSA tracts of the landscape are common land, human access appears infrequent. (MNTGMVS946), which covers much of the study area, is given an overall moderate evaluation. 6.6.71 The plateau is open and exposed, with dramatic views out across the surrounding mosaic farmland landscape and the Severn Valley. There is little or 6.6.60 Approximately a quarter of the central section of the proposed overhead line will no settlement, although there is evidence of abandoned settlement dating back be located within the Llandinam to Llandyssil Hillsides LCA. Most of this lies mainly to prehistory. Occasional areas of large straight sided or irregular fields north of Kerry, but a small area is found around the upper reaches of the Cwm-y- are medieval to post medieval in origin. rhiwdre Brook at the southern end of the route. 6.6.72 The dominant features of this landscape are the large coniferous plantations at 6.6.61 As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a high scenic quality and the head of the Ithon Valley and the two groups of turbines, which comprise the moderate to high overall evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that Llandinam wind farm and draw the eye to the ridgeline. the area is considered of local to regional importance. Llandyssil Hill and Scarp Grazing VSA (MNTGMVS946), which covers much of the study area, is given an 6.6.73 Despite the presence of the wind farm, the landscape has a sense of wildness, overall moderate evaluation. tranquillity and remoteness.

6.6.62 This LCA comprises a mosaic of medium sized pastures, bounded by mature 6.6.74 Discernible landscape trends include the commercial forestry operations and the hedges with hedgerow trees overlooking the flat open farmland of the Severn expansion of wind energy. As summarised in Table 6.7, the ES for the Llandinam Valley. South of Newtown, the rolling topography steepens to form a distinct wind farm predicts a moderate effect on the Waun Ddubarthog Wind Farm VSA north-facing escarpment, dissected by steep-sided, wooded cwms. This (MNTGMVS443). This moderate effect will potentially be compounded if further escarpment is prominent in views from the north and west and displays small new wind farms (and their associated grid connections) are developed in the irregular shaped pastures, which are cropped for silage or hay. area as discussed previously.

6.6.63 The rolling topography and mosaic of small to medium sized mixed deciduous 6.6.75 Being a landscape dominated locally by commercial forestry operations and by woodlands and hedgerow trees means that much of the landscape is relatively the Llandinam wind farm, the landscape is already appreciably influenced by enclosed, with short to medium distance views. Overall, the area has a strong man. Indeed, this is part of its defining characteristics. The introduction of an sense of settled domesticity. The settlement pattern is dispersed comprising additional manmade feature, albeit one that sits less comfortably in the landscape small villages such as Kerry and Llandyssil as well as a dense pattern of individual than wind turbines, can reasonably be accommodated within this landscape houses, farmsteads and cottages of medieval and post medieval origin. and will not constitute an appreciable change in the defining characteristics of the anticipated baseline landscape. This combined with the openness of the 6.6.64 The area is historically and culturally rich, with many historical features including landscape means that its sensitivity to overhead line development is therefore a high concentration of defensive works from the prehistoric to the medieval considered medium. period. The easternmost part of the LCA falls within the Vale of Montgomery Registered Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest (HL35). 6.6.76 The proposed overhead line will extend the visual influence of the wind farm on the eastern edge of this LCA. Here it will form a locally conspicuous landscape 6.6.65 Discernible landscape trends include a decline in the traditional management feature, although some screening will be provided by the coniferous plantations. of field boundary hedges and their replacement with post and wire fences. The Elsewhere, it will appear as a distant landscape feature, which will blend in expansion of wind farms to the south will potentially have an effect on this LCA. against surrounding landform, particularly once it drops off the plateau onto the As summarised in Table 6.7, the ES for the Llandinam wind farm predicts a more undulating landform. moderate effect on the Llandyssil Hill and Scarp Grazing VSA (MNTGMVS946). This moderate effect will potentially be compounded if further new wind farms 6.6.77 In the context of the LCA as a whole, the expected low magnitude of change, (and their associated grid connections) are developed in the area as discussed combined with the reduced sensitivity of this LCA in the light of future change, will previously. result in a minor effect on its landscape. This minor effect is not significant.

60 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

LCA R18 Ithon Valley Hillsides TABLE 6.9 : OVERALL PREDICTED EFFECT ON THE LANDSCAPE OF THE POWYS LCAS LANDMAP 46: Scenic Quality – moderate LANDMAP 47: Integrity – moderate LCA No. LCA Name Landscape Magnitude Significance LANDMAP 48: Character – moderate to high Sensitivity to of Change of Effect LANDMAP 49: Rarity – moderate OHL

LANDMAP Overall Evaluation: M9 Severn Farmlands Low Low Minor As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a moderate to high overall evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that the area is considered M10 Guilsfield Medium Negligible Minor of local to regional importance. The Improved Upland West of Upper Ithon M18 Long Mountain/ Medium Low Minor VSA (RDNRVS123), which covers much of the study area, is given an overall Breidden Hill moderate evaluation. M19 Welshpool Low Negligible Minor

6.6.78 The proposed overhead line will skirt the northern edge of this LCA prior to M29 Kerry Hill Medium Low Minor entering the wind farm substation. It is an area of sloping ground at the head of M31 Llandinam Medium Low Minor the Ithon Valley, which forms a transition between the upland moorland and the to Llandyssil valley floor. Hillsides

6.6.79 As shown in Table 6.6, LANDMAP gives this area a high scenic quality and M32 Waun Medium Low Minor moderate to high overall evaluation for each Evaluated Aspect. This means that Ddubarthog the area is considered of local to regional importance. The Improved Upland West of Upper Ithon VSA (RDNRVS123), which covers much of the study area, is R18 Ithon Valley Low Low Minor given an overall moderate evaluation. Hillsides

6.6.80 The small part of this LCA within the study area comprises high ground, typified with semi-natural rough grassland, wetland, improved and traditional pastures, Cumulative Effects scattered scrub, woodland and trees. Fields are medium to large and bounded by overgrown hedges and fences with trees. There is a mix of irregular field 6.6.87 The LCAs, which are most likely to experience cumulative landscape effects patterns of medieval or early post-medieval origin, together with areas of more arising from the proposed overhead line together with the existing overhead line, regular, straight-sided fields, probably representing 19th century enclosure of is the Severn Farmlands (M9) and Long Mountain/Breidden Hills (M18). However, former commons and sometimes accompanied by lines of coniferous shelterbelt these will not constitute an appreciable change in the defining characteristics planting. There are a few isolated farmsteads, but otherwise human access is of these character areas. More detailed information on cumulative effects is infrequent and the landscape has a sense of remoteness and isolation. included in the viewpoint analysis later in this chapter.

6.6.81 Historically, the area displays the evolution of land use from prehistory, to the 6.6.88 The proposed overhead line will, therefore, not result in any cumulative effects on historical and present dominant agricultural practice of sheep grazing. There are the landscape of the area. a number of small, disused quarries. Effects on Designated Landscapes 6.6.82 Views are open and extensive, dominated by the pattern of large geometric coniferous plantations and the Llandinam wind farm on the adjacent Waun 6.6.89 Snowdonia National Park is located some 30km to the north-west of the proposed Ddubarthog Ridge. overhead line. Viewpoint 41 is located near Powis Castle, over 28km nearer to the line and would experience a negligible magnitude of change. It is therefore 6.6.83 Discernible landscape trends include the commercial forestry operations and concluded that, due to the scale of the development and the intervening distance, the expansion of wind energy. As summarised in Table 6.7, the ES for the the National Park will not experience any significant effects. Llandinam wind farm redevelopment predicts a moderate effect (with localised significant effects) on the landscape of the Improved Upland, West of Upper Ithon 6.6.90 The Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is located to VSA (RDNRVS123) and Bryn-y-Sarnau Forest Slopes and Fields (RDNRVS125). the east of the study area on the Welsh/English border. At its closest point, it lies This moderate effect will potentially be compounded if further new wind farms approximately 2.5km from the overhead line. Whilst the landscape of the AONB (and their associated grid connections) are developed in the area as discussed is considered highly sensitive to overhead line development, any potential effects previously. When considered in this context, the introduction of an overhead line will be negated by the scale of the development, combined with the intervening will not constitute an appreciable change in the defining characteristics of the high ground and large conifer plantations. The AONB will not experience any anticipated baseline landscape. significant effects.

6.6.84 Being a landscape dominated locally by commercial forestry operations and 6.6.91 As discussed earlier in this Chapter, Special Landscape Areas in Powys have with views of the Llandinam wind farm, the landscape is already appreciably been abandoned and protection of landscape quality is instead covered by influenced by man. Indeed, this is part of its defining characteristics. The general development policy and the use of LANDMAP as a decision making tool. introduction of an additional manmade feature albeit one that sits less comfortably in the landscape than wind turbines, can reasonably be accommodated within Summary of Effects on Landscape this landscape and will not constitute an appreciable change in the defining 6.6.92 No significant landscape or visual effects will arise from the construction and characteristics of the anticipated baseline landscape. This combined with the decommissioning of the proposed overhead line. undulating landform, scattered trees and woodlands means that its sensitivity to overhead line development is considered low. 6.6.93 In respect of the operation stages, the overhead line will not result in any effects on the designated landscapes of Snowdonia National Park or the Shropshire 6.6.85 The effects of the proposed overhead line are confined to the northern edge of Hills AONB. this LCA. Here it will form a locally conspicuous landscape feature, although some screening will be provided by the coniferous plantations. Elsewhere, it will 6.6.94 In addition, any likely effects will be limited to the immediate vicinity of the appear as a distant landscape feature, which will blend in against surrounding overhead line and it will have no significant effects on the wider landscape landform. through which it is routed. Much of the area already contains manmade features of a similar scale, including a network of overhead electricity and telegraph lines 6.6.86 The low magnitude of change, when combined with the low sensitivity of this LCA and the southern part of the study area has, and will continue to be, influenced will result in a minor effect on the landscape. This minor effect is not significant. by wind farm development and its associated infrastructure. In addition, the characteristic qualities of the landscape, offer good opportunities to avoid, reduce or limit potential effects through responsive routeing and design. It is these characteristics and the limited predicted change that result in this assessment.

6.6.95 Where the overhead line crosses Kerry Hill, however, its presence will have a locally moderate effect on the landscape. When viewed in the light of predicted future landscape change in the area arising from expansion of wind energy development, this effect is reduced to minor, and therefore not significant.

6.6.96 In the context of the landscape of the study area as a whole, it is important to recognise the limited extent of any effects.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 61 Assessment of Visual Effects during Operation Summary of Viewpoint Analysis 6.6.97 This part of the chapter examines the potential effects of the proposed overhead 6.6.109 Significant effects will generally only be experienced in views where the proposed line on views within the study area. overhead line forms part of the foreground view and in the more open elevated sections of the route, where the line may appear skylined. In middle distance and 6.6.98 The study area includes a mixture of towns, villages, hamlets and individual longer views, the appreciable screening and backclothing afforded by the scenery properties as well as transport routes, tourist, leisure and recreational facilities. is generally effective in reducing the visibility. In these instances, the proposed overhead line will not be a noticeable component in the view and is therefore 6.6.99 The effects on these receptor’s views is a function in part of the landscape unlikely to give rise significant visual effects. As discussed previously, the outer characteristics of the study area. The undulating landform and disposition of limit of normal perceptibility when an overhead line is fully backclothed is 1.5km. trees and woodlands, limits inward and outer views across much of the study area and will restrict views of the proposed overhead line. Because most of the 6.6.110 The result of this is that localised occurrence of significant effects will be inevitable settlements and routes are found within the lower lying undulating parts of the where the proposed overhead line is seen as a foreground constituent of the study area, the most common views are short distance views, often to nearby view. This is covered in detail under the individual viewpoint descriptions above. horizons. By contrast, although the elevated landscapes have longer, more open However, with increasing distance, its presence in the landscape will diminish. views, there are few routes or settlements within them and views are less likely to be experienced by many observers. However, this is important in terms of the 6.6.111 Whilst the ZTV presented in Figure 6.2 suggests that much of the study area sense of remoteness that many of these views offer. (and beyond) has relatively extensive views of the proposed overhead line, the viewpoint assessment confirms that significant effects on visual amenity will 6.6.100 The views typically available within the study area are: normally only be experienced where it forms a prominent foreground element in the view. The correlation between the ZTV and areas, which may experience  Viewpoints at the southern end of the route where the overhead line significant effect, is therefore very weak, with all of the significant effects identified descends off the Waun Ddubarthog Ridge. being located within 500m of the line rather than within the limit of theoretical  Views from the A485 and B4355 south of Dolfor, where the overhead line visibility represented in the ZTVs at 5km. The ZTV is therefore not representative of crosses Kerry Hill. the areas within which significant effects on visual amenity might be experienced.  Viewpoints around Glanmule and Glanmihelli, where a short section of the 6.6.112 This finding allows an interpretation to be made of the potential effects of overhead line is partially skylined. the proposed overhead line on receptors, which were not covered by the  Open views from the eastern valley side, along the B4388 and within the representative viewpoints. This includes many of the scattered individual Leighton Hall Estate. properties throughout the study area.  Viewpoints alongside roads, tracks and footpaths, which will be restricted to certain locations and may only be very fleeting. Effect on Settlements 6.6.101 The assessment of the effects of the proposed overhead line on visual amenity 6.6.113 As illustrated in Figure 6.1: Landscape Context, the study area includes a number was undertaken based on a number of viewpoints that provide a representative of towns and villages as well as a mixture of small groups of houses and individual selection of views to the line from within the study area. This approach allows an properties, mainly located on the lower lying ground. The higher parts of the understanding of the degree to which the ZTV shown in Figure 6.2 overstates the study area (above 300m AOD) are almost devoid of any settlement. Settlements visibility that will be experienced. are considered to have high visual sensitivity to overhead line development.

6.6.102 In considering the effect of the proposed overhead line, it must be noted that the 6.6.114 It should be noted that views from locations within settlements are liable to be assessments were carried out in good weather conditions, which presents the screened by intervening buildings. worst case scenario in terms of visibility. In all cases, the predicted views are those, which will result during the operational life of the overhead line and are Towns & Villages considered long term, but reversible. 6.6.115 Welshpool is the only town within the study area, situated on the western side 6.6.103 The effects assessed include all of the components of the overhead line, of the River Severn, 1km from where the proposed overhead line enters the although references are predominantly to the wood poles (and their associated Welshpool substation. There may be limited views from the eastern edge of the steelwork) as these are often the most visible components of the development. town. However, because of the intervening distance and screening effects of Other elements such as the conductors are mentioned where relevant. vegetation, the magnitude of change will be negligible, resulting in a minor effect as illustrated by Viewpoint 40. This minor effect is not significant. 6.6.104 As previously, the assessment of the effects on visual amenity assumes the presence of the extended and repowered Llandinam wind farm and the proposed 6.6.116 Abermule is a large village situated on the A483, on the banks of the River Llanbadarn, Garreg Lwyd and Llaithddu wind farms. Severn, 2km from the proposed overhead line. There may be limited views from the eastern edge of the settlement. However, because of the intervening 6.6.105 The 39 selected viewpoints are shown in Figure 6.3: Viewpoint Locations. These distance, landform and vegetation, the magnitude of change will be negligible, viewpoints were selected in consultation with CCW to represent open views of the resulting in an overall minor effect. This minor effect is not significant. overhead line from the more sensitive and publicly accessible receptor locations, such as residential properties, footpaths and road users. They generally do not 6.6.117 Kerry is a large village located on the A489, to the east of Newtown, 1.5km represent locations where the development will be screened by topography from the proposed overhead line. Although it has an old village core, which is and/or vegetation. However, a number of views requested by CCW have been designated a Conservation Area; Kerry has experienced fairly rapid recent growth included within the analysis even though there is either no view of the overhead and is earmarked for further development. There may be distant views from line or the view is imperceptible. These viewpoints are mainly from important the eastern edge of the village, but the magnitude of change will be negligible recreational receptors. because of the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, resulting in an overall minor effect. This minor effect is not significant. 6.6.106 The landscape and visual viewpoint analysis is included at Appendix H. To illustrate the existing and predicted view from each viewpoint location, a full 6.6.118 Montgomery is a large village situated below a rocky outcrop, overlooking the description is provided together with a baseline photograph, a wireframe Severn and Camlad Valleys, at the eastern edge of the study area, some 2km and in selected instances, a photomontage (with the proposed wind farms at from the proposed overhead line. Whilst it has grown in recent times, it has Llandinam, Llanbadarn, Garreg Lwyd and Llaithddu added as relevant). The retained much of its historic and architectural character. There may be distant LCA within which each viewpoint is located is noted. The main LCAs over which views from the northern edge of the village, but the magnitude of change will the proposed overhead line will be viewed and those which will be visible beyond be negligible because of the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, the proposed overhead line and, which will serve as backcloth to the view are resulting in a minor effect. This minor effect is not significant. recorded where appropriate. 6.6.119 Kingswood is a large village located around the junction of the A490 and the 6.6.107 A detailed assessment of the specific effects on the viewpoints is provided B4388, 1km from the proposed overhead line. Offa’s Dyke and Offa’s Dyke path in accordance with the landscape and visual methodology. This combines a run through the village, which has grown considerably in recent times. There determination of the sensitivity of the visual receptor with the magnitude or scale may be views from the north-western edge of the village, but the magnitude of predicted visual change to determine firstly, the overall likely change and of change will be negligible because of the intervening distance, landform and secondly, whether this change is considered significant. A comment on likely vegetation, resulting in a minor effect. This minor effect is not significant. cumulative effects arising from the proposed overhead line in conjunction with other existing or proposed overhead lines is also provided where relevant. 6.6.120 Caerhowel is a small linear village situated on the B4385 between the River Severn and the railway to the north-west of Montgomery, close to the proposed 6.6.108 A schedule of significance of viewpoints is provided in Table 6.10. overhead line. The overhead line descends the hillside above the Castle Court farm complex to run parallel to the railway, passing between the railway and Caer-Howel farm. There may be limited views from the edge of the village, but the magnitude of change will be negligible because of the intervening landform and vegetation, resulting in a minor effect. This minor effect is not significant.

62 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

6.6.121 Dolfor is a small village situated on a minor road close to the A483 in the hills 6.6.123 Fron Bank/Cilcewydd is a small linear village elevated above the River Severn south of Newtown, some 2km from the proposed overhead line. There may and its floodplain, which follows the A490 and the railway to the south of be views from the eastern edge of the village, but the magnitude of change will Welshpool. As described in Viewpoint 19, from the eastern edge of the village, be negligible because of the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, the proposed overhead line will be visible as it oversails the A490 and runs across resulting in a minor effect. This minor effect is not significant. the hillside parallel to the village at a distance of approximately 250m. Here it will appear as both a skylined and backclothed feature within the view, and in 6.6.122 Forden is a small village adjoining the B4388, some 500m from the proposed places will be seen alongside an existing low voltage overhead line. The overall overhead line. There may be some glimpsed views from the western edge of magnitude of change will be medium, resulting in a moderate effect, whether the the village around St Michael’s Crescent and Church Farm. However, because overhead line is seen on its own or in combination with the existing low voltage of the intervening distance, landform and vegetation the magnitude of change line. This moderate effect is significant. will be negligible, resulting in an overall minor effect. This minor effect is not significant. 6.6.124 Garthmyl is a small village strung out along the A483 and the Montgomery Canal on the western edge of the Severn Valley, 2km from the proposed overhead line. The Severn Way runs through the village. There may be limited views from the eastern edge of the village. However, because of the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, the magnitude of effect will be negligible, resulting in an overall minor effect. This minor effect is not significant.

TABLE 6.10: SUMMARY OF VIEWPOINT ANALYSIS Viewpoint Location Distance to Visual Magnitude of Effect on Visual Significance Cumulative Nearest Wood Sensitivity to Change Amenity Effects Pole this type of Development 01 Minor road near Llandinam Wind Farm 214m Medium Low Minor None None

03 Bridleway just off A483 near Gwynant 25m Medium High Moderate Significant Not Significant

04 Kerry Ridgeway at Two Tumps Viewpoint 587m High None None None None

07 Glanmiheli, Glanmule 170m High Medium Moderate Significant Not Significant

08 Kerry Saw Mills 305m High None None None None

11 A489 at Greenfields 445m Medium Low Minor None None

12 B4368 north of Glanmule 287m Medium Medium Moderate Significant Not Significant

13 Upper Maenllwyd 119m Medium High Moderate Significant Not Significant

14 Junction of B4385 and B4386 at Caerhowel 84m Medium Medium Moderate Significant Not Significant

16 Llandyssil Bridge 407m Medium Low Minor None Not Significant

17 Walcot, Leighton 193m High Negligible Minor None Not Significant

18 Foxleigh and Brooklyn, edge of Leighton 457m High Negligible Minor None Not Significant

19 A490 at Halmar Drive, Fron 237m Medium Medium Moderate Significant Significant

20 Edderton Hall 332m High Negligible Minor None None

21 St Michaels Crescent 410m High Negligible Minor None Not Significant

23 Hendomen 414m High Negligible Minor None None

25 A483 north of Camnant 387m Medium Medium Moderate Significant None

26 B4355 at Crugyn Bank Dyke 256m Medium Medium Moderate Significant Not Significant

27 Bridleway south of Glog 196m Medium Medium Moderate Significant Not Significant

28 Glyndwr’s Way near Blaen-nant-du 4.5km Not Visible

32 Minor road east of Borfa-wen 86m Medium Medium Moderate Significant Not Significant

33 Great Cloddiau Farm 357m Medium Low Minor None Not Significant

36 Golwg-Y-Cwm 1km High None None None None

38 Offa’s Dyke at Rownal 1.7km Not Visible

39 Severn Way at Ty-Gwyn 1.4km High None None None None

40 Footpath south of Severn Farm Industrial Estate 1.2km Medium None None None None

41 Powis Castle Gardens 2.2km Not Visible

50 Bridleway near Cae-betin Wood 130m Medium High Moderate Significant None

51 Bridleway above Cilthriew 123m Medium High Moderate Significant None

53 Dolforwyn Castle 3.1km Not Visible

56 Montgomery Castle 1.8km High Negligible Minor None None

57 Garthmyl Hall 1.5km Not Visible

58 Offas Dyke west of Hem 710m High Negligible Minor None None

59 Footpath west of Leighton 326m Medium Low Minor None Not Significant

60 Footapth north of Gwerybearth 3.1km Medium Negligible Minor None None

64 Leighton Farm Buildings 681m High None None None None

66 Frridd Faldwyn Fort 1.5km Not Visible

68 Kerry Ridgeway at Block Wood 981m High Negligible Minor None None

69 Offa’s Dyke at Beacon Ring 2.5km Not Visible

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 63 Figure 6.12 Key: Effects on Viewpoint Locations Illustrating the Significance of Effect at Viewpoints NTS

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,© Crown copyright Licence No. EL273112

64 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

6.6.125 Leighton lies to the east of Welshpool and the B4388 on the lower slopes 6.6.134 Dolforwyn Castle is positioned on a wooded ridge on the western side of the of Long Mountain overlooking the Severn Valley, within 1km of the proposed Severn valley near the A483, just outside of the study area. Its situation offers overhead line. It comprises three separate clusters of properties – Leighton panoramic views in all directions, except eastwards towards the line. Any views Park around Old Hall to the south, Leighton Centre (a cluster of farm buildings of the line will be along the length of the line to the south or north-east and and houses) in the middle and Leighton Pentre (several groups of properties) to will be extremely distant. Although the sensitivity of Dolforwyn Castle visitors to the north. Leighton Centre and Leighton Park are both Conservation Areas and the overhead line is considered high the magnitude of change will be negligible Offa’s Dyke runs through the eastern part of Leighton Pentre. The lack of trees resulting in an overall minor effect. This effect is not significant. and hedgerows along the B4388 and elevation affords expansive views across the arable farmland of the Severn Valley floodplain to the wooded ridgeline and 6.6.135 Montgomery Castle offers panoramic views towards the proposed overhead Powis Castle Park in the distance. As described in respect of Viewpoint 59, line, as described for Viewpoint 56. The sensitivity of Montgomery Castle visitors there may be views of the line from different parts of Leighton. In places it will to the overhead line is considered high. Due to the intervening distance, in excess be seen alongside the existing 132kV overhead line, which runs along the valley of 1km, and vegetation, the magnitude of change will be negligible, resulting in floor. However, the backcloth of rising ground on the opposite side of the valley an overall minor effect. This effect is not significant. and intervening vegetation mean that the overall magnitude of change will be low, resulting in a minor effect, whether the overhead line is seen on its own or 6.6.136 Offa’s Dyke approaches the route north of Montgomery and at its closest near in combination with the existing 132kV overhead line. This minor effect is not Forden runs within 1km of the proposed overhead line. The sensitivity of users significant. of this national trail to the overhead line is considered high. At its closest, the overhead line runs within about 650m. There will be some views of the line from 6.6.126 Llandyssil is a small village situated between Montgomery and Abermule, 1km locations near Forden. As illustrated by Viewpoints 38 and 58, however, due to from the proposed overhead line. The older part of the village is a Conservation the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, the magnitude of change will Area. There may be very limited views from the north-west edge of the village, be negligible, resulting in an overall minor effect. This effect is not significant. around the Old Rectory within the Conservation Area. However, because of the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, the magnitude of effect will 6.6.137 Glyndwr’s Way approaches the southern end of the study area and at its be negligible. As illustrated by Viewpoint 16, which is located much closer to closest runs some 3km from the proposed overhead line. The sensitivity of users the proposed overhead line, it will blend into the landscape and will not be a of this national trail is considered high. There may be some very distant views noticeable feature in the view, resulting in an overall minor effect. This minor of the overhead line from the highest parts of the trail. However, as illustrated effect is not significant. by Viewpoint 28, due to the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, the magnitude of change will be negligible, resulting in a minor effect. This effect is 6.6.127 Kerry Sawmills is a small village straddling the Nant Meheli. The entire not significant. village is a Conservation Area, which encompasses the former sawmills, pond and the distinctive estate-style houses. It is identified in the Powys UDP as a 6.6.138 The Severn Way runs alongside the Montgomery Canal, following the western rural settlement where new development is generally discouraged. Due to the edge of the study area. At its closest near Garthmyl, it runs just over 1km from combination of the landform and vegetation, the proposed overhead line will not the proposed overhead line. It affords views eastwards across the River Severn be visible from this location. floodplain towards the proposed overhead line, from a slightly elevated position just above the floodplain. The sensitivity of users of this regional route to the overhead line is considered high. Some views may be possible from the footpath, Other Properties but due to the intervening distance, landform and vegetation, the magnitude of 6.6.128 There are many properties scattered throughout the study area, some of which change will be negligible resulting in an overall minor effect. This effect is not will have views of the proposed overhead line. However, the nature of the significant. proposed overhead line, combined with the screening effects of landform and vegetation, mean that its effect will be limited. Significant effects, will generally 6.6.139 Kerry Ridgeway runs from the B4355, broadly paralleling the southern edge of only be experienced where the line forms part of the view at close range. For the study area, before heading eastwards at Block Wood. At its closest, near other properties, although the overhead line may be visible in the distance, the Two Tumps, the Ridgeway runs within 600m of the nearest pole. The sensitivity of effect will be insignificant as the line will blend into the background scenery. At users of this recreational trail is considered high. As illustrated in Viewpoint 4 at the more southern end of the route, where the landscape is elevated and more Two Tumps, because the overhead line will be located below the Ridgeway, lower open and there is less screening provided by vegetation, there are very few down the hillside, it will not be visible. Further east along the trail, there may be properties to potentially be affected. some views, but these will be increasingly distant (approaching 1km) and will be moderated by intervening trees along the Nant Meheli valley and backclothing by Leisure and Recreational Facilities the landform as illustrated in Viewpoint 68. When seen in the wider context of the anticipated change to the landscape around Kerry Hill resulting from its proximity 6.6.129 The effect of the proposed overhead line on the leisure and recreational aspects to SSA C, the magnitude of change will be negligible resulting in an overall minor of the study area is outlined below. With respect to historic features, it is the effect. This effect is not significant. potential effect on visitors to them, which is considered within this chapter. Any effect on their setting or integrity is considered in Chapter 8.0: Cultural Heritage 6.6.140 Sustrans Cycle Trail 81 lies beyond, but broadly parallel to the western edge and in the Assessment of Impacts of Development on Historic Landscapes of the study area. For much of its length, there will be little potential visibility, due (ASIDOHL) included at Appendix S. to the distance and intervening vegetation. However, just south of Welshpool, the trail joins the A458 and crosses the Severn Valley via the B4381. In following 6.6.130 The Montgomery Canal follows the western edge of the study area. It affords this road, it runs past the Welshpool substation and cyclists will have views of slightly elevated views eastwards across the River Severn floodplain towards the the proposed overhead line as it terminates south of this road opposite the proposed overhead line, just over 1km distant at it’s closest near Garthmyl. The substation. The sensitivity of users of this national cycle trail to the overhead sensitivity of users of the canal and towpath to the overhead line is considered line is considered high. Although cyclists will have views of the end of the high. Whilst some views may be possible from the canal, due to the intervening line, including the terminal pole, the duration and extent of the view affected distance, landform and vegetation, the magnitude of change will be negligible combined with the screening effect of the existing roadside vegetation means resulting in an overall minor effect. This effect is not significant. that the magnitude of change will be negligible. The likely overall effect will be minor. This effect is not significant. 6.6.131 Powis Castle lies on the edge of the study area and offers elevated views eastwards out across the Severn Valley towards the proposed overhead line, 6.6.141 The Vale of Montgomery Historic Landscape (HL 35) lies at the northern as illustrated by Viewpoint 41. The sensitivity of Powis Castle visitors to the end of the study area and is crossed by approximately 6km of the proposed overhead line is considered high. Due to the intervening distance, in excess of overhead line. As a visitor attraction the historic landscape is considered to have 2km, and vegetation within the Severn Valley, the magnitude of change will be medium sensitivity to the proposed overhead line. negligible resulting in an overall minor effect. This effect is not significant. 6.6.142 The magnitude of change will vary considerably depending on the distance and 6.6.132 Glansevern Hall lies just outside the study area and offers elevated views direction of the view. More distant views such as illustrated by Viewpoints 20, eastwards out across the Severn Valley towards the proposed overhead line. 21, 23, and 58, will all experience either no change or only a slight magnitude The sensitivity of Glansevern Hall visitors to the overhead line is considered high. of change. The overhead line will blend in against the backcloth of landform Due to the intervening distance, in excess of 2km, and vegetation within the and vegetation and represent a negligible change in the view. Close to the line, Severn Valley, the magnitude of change will be negligible resulting in an overall however, there may be a noticeable change as illustrated by Viewpoint 19, which minor effect. This effect is not significant. is taken near the edge of Fron, resulting in a moderate effect. Whilst this effect is significant, it must be considered in the context of size of the historic landscape, 6.6.133 Garthmyl Hall is situated on the western side of the A483. It offers elevated most of which will be unaffected. views eastwards out across the Severn Valley towards the proposed overhead line as illustrated by Viewpoint 57. The sensitivity of Garthmyl Hall visitors to the overhead line is considered high. Due to the intervening distance, in excess of 1km, and vegetation within the Severn Valley, the magnitude of change will be negligible resulting in an overall minor effect. This effect is not significant.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 65 Local Rights of Way B Roads 6.6.151 The B4355 leaves the A483 near Dolfor and heads south over Kerry Hill and out 6.6.143 The local rights of way network will be variably affected by the proposed overhead of the study area. Potential visibility is limited to a 1km stretch of road around line. The overhead line crosses 30 designated footpaths, 8 bridleways and 3 Black Gate. The sensitivity of users of this road to the proposed overhead other public rights of way. Chapter 9.0: Other Issues provides more information line is considered medium. Heading south from Dolfor, the overhead line will regarding pole locations in relation to these designated routes. Where a pole become visible as the road straightens after a series of major bends. The view is occurs in close proximity to a designated route, users who are considered of represented by Viewpoint 26 near Black Gate. Here despite being backclothed medium sensitivity, will experience a medium magnitude of change and therefore against the hillside, the overhead line will be a noticeable and discordant feature moderate effect on their visual amenity, although this effect will generally diminish in the highly rural landscape resulting in a medium magnitude of change. This rapidly with increasing distance. This effect is significant. will result in a moderate effect. This effect is significant.

Open Access Areas 6.6.152 The effect around Black Gate represents the worst-case scenario and takes no account of the anticipated change to the landscape resulting from proximity to 6.6.144 Open access areas (variously named) designated under the provisions of the SSA C. In addition, the actual length of route likely to be significantly affected Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 tend to be concentrated around Kerry (approximately 1km) is localised and only affects road users travelling south. Hill and the Waun Ddubarthog Ridge, although there are some small areas Most of the B4355 through the area will be unaffected. scattered throughout the study area. Access areas are considered to a have medium sensitivity to overhead lines. The magnitude of change arising from the 6.6.153 The B4368 runs south from Abermule, winding its way up the steep River Mule proposed overhead line will vary considerably across the study area. Views from Valley and through the hills east of Kerry, before crossing Kerry Hill and heading access areas at a distance from the proposed line will experience negligible or out of the study area. The proposed overhead line oversails this road in three no change as illustrated by Viewpoint 68, which is taken near from Block Wood locations: Upper Maenlywdd, Glanmehelli and Clithriew. The sensitivity of users (Public Forest). However, in close proximity to the line, particularly around the of this road to the proposed overhead line is considered medium. Potential Waun Ddubarthog Ridge, the line will be more visible and will potentially appear visibility of the line varies depending on distance, direction of view and the on the skyline. In places this may result in a medium magnitude of change and screening effect of roadside vegetation. Much of this road has high banks and therefore moderate effect. This effect is significant. roadside hedges and will have limited or no view as illustrated by Viewpoints 8, 33 and 68. In other places, particularly where the line oversails the road, the 6.6.145 Significant effects will, however, only occur in close proximity to the overhead overhead line will be seen in close proximity and the magnitude of change will be line and will reduce rapidly with distance. They must also be considered in medium, resulting in a moderate effect as illustrated by Viewpoints 12, 13, 7 and the context of both the Llandinam wind farm redevelopment and predicted wind 51. This effect is significant. The actual length of road likely to be significantly farm developments in SSA C, which will affect views particularly at the southern affected is short and is focussed on the areas where it crosses the route of the end of the route. The proposed overhead line will extend the influence of these overhead line. Even in these locations, the visibility will be locally influenced by wind farms into the wider landscape, but the contribution of the line to the overall roadside vegetation and depend on the distance and direction of view. Most of change will be limited. Views will tend to focus on the turbines rather than on the the B4368 through the area will be unaffected. wood poles and this will help reduce the overall prominence of the overhead line. 6.6.154 The B4386 runs from the A483, north past Abermule along the eastern edge Transport Routes of the Severn Valley floodplain parallel to the railway. It converges on the route of the proposed overhead line near Caerhowel, where it joins the B4385. The A-Roads sensitivity of users of this road to the proposed overhead line is considered 6.6.146 The A483 follows the western side of the Severn Valley from Welshpool into medium. Potential visibility is limited to a 1km stretch of this road where it joins the Newtown and then heads south, past Dolfor out of the study area. The sensitivity B4385. The worst-case scenario is represented by Viewpoint 14, which is taken of users of this road to the proposed overhead line varies. On the busy section at the junction of the B4386 and B4385. Due to the proximity of the proposed north of Newtown, the sensitivity is considered low, but south of Newtown where overhead line and its prominent location on the skyline, it will be a noticeable the road is quieter and more rural, this is increased to medium. The A483 road and discordant feature in views from the road, resulting in a medium magnitude has long sections with either no visibility or where visibility will be limited, such as of change. This will result in a moderate effect. This effect is significant. The illustrated by Viewpoint 40. In these situations, a negligible magnitude of change actual length of road likely to be significantly affected is short and most of the will occur, resulting in a minor overall effect. This effect is not significant. B4386 through the area will be unaffected. 6.6.147 As the road heads south of Dolfor the overhead line will become increasingly 6.6.155 The B4385 runs from the A483 near Garthmyl south-east across the River visible from both directions, particularly where it oversails the road near Gwynant. Severn floodplain towards Montgomery and beyond. The sensitivity of users of There will be a noticeable, albeit transient, change of view along this section of this road to the proposed overhead line is considered medium. The overhead road, resulting in a moderate effect. This effect is significant. line is potentially visible from a 1.5km section of this road, particularly around its junction with the B4386 at Caerhowel, near where it oversails the road. The 6.6.148 The effect south of Dolfor represents the worst-case scenario and takes no worst-case scenario is represented by Viewpoint 14 at the junction of the B4385 account of the anticipated change to the landscape resulting from proximity to and B4386. Due to the proximity of the overhead line and its prominent location SSA C. In addition, the actual length of route likely to be significantly affected on the skyline, it will be a noticeable and discordant feature in views from the (approximately 1km) is localised and most of the A483 through the area will be road, resulting in a medium magnitude of change. This will result in a moderate unaffected. effect. This effect is significant. The actual length of road likely to be significantly affected is short and most of the B4385 through the area will be unaffected. 6.6.149 The A489 runs eastwards from Newtown across the study area and out towards Glanmule and Sarn. The sensitivity of users of this rural road to the proposed 6.6.156 The B4388 runs broadly parallel and to the east of the route of the proposed overhead line is considered medium. Potential visibility of the overhead line is overhead line, skirting around the western edge of the Leighton Estate, through limited to a 2km stretch around Glanmule and Saw Mills, particularly where its Forden and into Montgomery. The sensitivity of users of this road to the proposed oversails the road. As illustrated by Viewpoints 7 and 11, the overall effect of the overhead line is considered medium. The sections of this road which lie closest line will vary depending on distance, direction of view and the screening effect of (<1km) to the overhead line are a 3km stretch near Leighton Estate and a roadside vegetation. In many views, it will be not be noticeable, but in others, it similar length where the road crosses the River Camlad floodplain. Visibility of may appear on the skyline. The worst-case scenario is illustrated by Viewpoint the line from these locations will vary depending on distance, direction of view 7 near Glanmihelli. Here there will be a medium (albeit transient) magnitude of and the screening effect of roadside vegetation. Either intervening landform or change in view, which in this location will result in a moderate effect. This effect vegetation will screen or moderate these views, resulting in a negligible or low is significant. The actual length of road likely to be significantly affected is short magnitude of change as illustrated by Viewpoints 17, 18 and 58. This will result and most of the A489 through the area will be unaffected. in a minor effect. This effect is not significant. The actual length of road likely to be significantly affected is short and most of the B4388 will be unaffected. 6.6.150 The A490 runs north-west to south-east across the study area from the A483 through Cilcewydd to Forden and on to Church Stoke. The sensitivity of 6.6.157 The B4381 runs from Welshpool across the Severn Valley, past the Welshpool users of this rural road to the proposed overhead line is considered medium. substation, to join the B4388 near Lower Leighton Farm. The sensitivity of users Potential visibility of the overhead line is limited to a 1km stretch between Fron of this road to the proposed overhead line is considered medium. Although there and Kingswood, in particular where it oversails the road near Mount Pleasant. will be transient views of the end of the overhead line, including the terminal pole, The overall effect of the line will vary depending on distance, direction of view the duration and extent of the view affected combined with the screening effect and the screening effect of roadside vegetation. In many views from this area, of the existing roadside vegetation means that the magnitude of change will be the overhead line will be not be noticeable, but in others, it may appear on the low. The likely overall effect will be minor. This effect is not significant. skyline. In places, its effect will be exacerbated by the presence of an existing overhead line. The worst-case scenario is illustrated by Viewpoint 19 near Fron. Local Road Network Here there will be a medium (albeit transient) magnitude of change in view, which 6.6.158 A network of minor roads and lanes crosses the study area. The sensitivity of in this location will result in a moderate effect. This effect is significant. The this road network to the proposed overhead line is considered medium. Users actual length of road likely to be significantly affected is short and most of the of these roads will be variably affected by the proposed overhead line. Where A490 through the area will be unaffected. the line occurs in close proximity or oversails these roads, there will potentially be a noticeable change in view, resulting in a medium magnitude of change and a moderate and therefore significant effect. This effect will be localised, however, and mainly transient.

66 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

6.6.159 Machynlleth to Shrewsbury Railway runs through the study area. In the generally be distant, fleeting and largely screened by landform and trackside central section of the study area there are two locations (near Caerhowel and vegetation. The magnitude of change will be negligible resulting in an overall west of Forden) where the railway and the proposed overhead line run parallel minor effect. This effect is not significant. and in close proximity. The sensitivity of rail passengers is considered low, primarily due to the transient nature of their view. Whilst there may be intermittent Summary of Visual Effects views of the overhead line, particularly near Caerhowel and Forden, these will 6.6.160 A summary of the effects on visual amenity is provided in Table 6.11.

TABLE 6.11: SUMMARY OF EFFECTS ON SETTLEMENTS, LEISURE & RECREATION AND TRANSPORT ROUTES

Location Visual Sensitivity to this Type Magnitude of Change Effect on Visual Amenity Significance of Development

Towns and Villages

Welshpool High Low Minor Not Significant

Abermule High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Kerry High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Montgomery High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Kingswood High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Caerhowel High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Dolfor High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Forden High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Fron Bank/Cilcewydd High Medium Moderate Significant

Garthmyl High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Leighton High Low Minor Not Significant

Llandyssil High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Kerry Sawmills High Not Visible

Leisure and Recreational Facilities

The Montgomery Canal High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Powis Castle High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Glansevern Hall High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Garthmyl Hall High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Dolforwyn Castle High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Montgomery Castle High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Offa’s Dyke High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Glyndwr’s Way High Negligible Minor Not Significant

The Severn Way High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Kerry Ridgeway High Negligible Minor Not Significant

Sustrans Cycle Trail 81 High Negligible Minor Not Significant

The Vale of Montgomery Historic Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised) Landscape

Local Rights of Way Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

Open Access Areas Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

Transport Routes

A483 Low/ Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

A489 Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

A490 Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

B4355 Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

B4368 Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

B4386 Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

B4385 Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

B4388 Medium Variable but locally low Minor Not Significant

B4381 Medium Low Minor Not Significant

Local Road Network Medium Variable but locally medium Moderate Significant (very localised)

Machynlleth to Shrewsbury Low Negligible Minor Not Significant Railway

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 67 6.6.161 Some properties on the edge of Fron Bank/Cilcewydd, which are within 500m of Mitigation of Visual Effects During Operation the overhead line, will experience a significant change in their view, where there is no screening by landform, buildings or vegetation. 6.7.6 With respect to significant adverse effects on views, the following mitigation measures are proposed. These are summarised below and set out in the draft 6.6.162 From the remainder of towns and villages in the study area, the overhead line EMP in Chapter 11.0: Summary of Effects & Draft Environmental Management will either not be visible, or will appear as a distant feature and the proposed Plan. The implementation of these mitigation measures will be reliant on landowner overhead line will not result in a significant change in the view. agreement and therefore cannot, at this stage, be assessed. Assuming consent is not forthcoming, the effects will remain significant. 6.6.163 Of the many individual properties scattered throughout the study area, only those close to the overhead line will experience a significant change in their view some Viewpoint 07 – Glanmihelli, Glanmule of which will have views of the proposed overhead line. However, the nature of 6.7.7 The visual effect from the road before mitigation is considered moderate and the proposed overhead line, combined with the screening effects of landform therefore significant. Extending the hedgerow along the field boundary on the and vegetation, mean that its effect will be limited. For other properties, although western side of the B4368, will, in time help to limit views to glimpses through the the overhead line may be visible in the distance, its effect will be insignificant as field gate. The residual effect is considered minor and not significant. the line will blend into the background scenery. Viewpoint 13 – Upper Maenllwyd 6.6.164 The proposed overhead line will not have a significant effect on the visual amenity 6.7.8 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore of any formal visitor attractions including national or regional trails or cycleways. significant. New tree and hedgerow planting along both sides of the B4368 will, Users of local public rights of way and open access land will be variably affected. in time, help to screen some views. However, due to the proximity of the line and Where a pole is seen in close proximity to these designated areas, the effect on its elevated situation within the field, the residual effect will remain moderate and visual amenity will be significant, although this effect will diminish rapidly with therefore significant. distance. Viewpoint 14 – Junction of B4385 & B4386, Caerhowel 6.6.165 Similarly, road users will be variably affected. Significant effects are noted for the 6.7.9 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore A483, A489, A490, B4355, B4368, B4386 and B4385, although these effects are significant. localised, transient and will diminish rapidly with distance. 6.7.10 New and supplementary tree and hedgerow planting along both sides of the 6.6.166 There will not be a significant effect on passengers on the Machynlleth to B4385 and at the junction with the B4386 will, in time, help to screen some views. Shrewsbury railway. However, due to the proximity of the line and the location of the poles within the field, the residual effect will remain moderate and therefore significant. 6.6.167 There is no information available on any other proposed overhead lines within the study area, which may give rise to cumulative effects. However, there may Viewpoint 19 – A490 at Halmar Drive, Fron be some cumulative effects arising when the proposed overhead line is seen in 6.7.11 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore close proximity to an existing overhead line. The effects of this are highlighted significant. New and supplementary tree and hedgerow planting along both under the preceding detailed descriptions. sides of the A490 will, in time, help to screen some views. However, due to the proximity of the line and the location of the pole within the roadside hedgerow, the residual effect will remain moderate and therefore significant. 6.7 Detailed Mitigation Measures & the Viewpoint 25 – A483 North of Camnant Identification of Residual Effects 6.7.12 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore significant. New blocks of tree planting along the lane to the wind farm to the Introduction west side of the A483, in time, help to screen some views. However, due to the openness of the landscape, the residual effect will remain moderate and 6.7.1 This section provides a description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce therefore significant. and, where possible, offset any significant adverse effects of the development, together with an assessment of the residual effects of the scheme on the Viewpoint 51 – Bridleway above Cilthriew landscape and visual amenity of the area. 6.7.13 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore significant. Additional tree planting within the existing hedgerow may in time 6.7.2 Based on the effects identified in the preceding assessment, SPEN has help to screen some views. However, due to the elevated location and openness considered mitigation measures, including landscape management proposals of the view, the residual effect will remain moderate and therefore significant. such as hedgerow reinstatement and tree planting. Details of these measures are summarised in the mitigation schedule provided as part of the draft Visual Effects on Fron Bank/Cilcewydd Environmental Management Plan (EMP) included in Chapter 11: Summary of 6.7.14 The visual effect on the eastern edge of the village before mitigation is considered Effects and Draft Environment Management Plan. moderate and therefore significant. New and supplementary tree and hedgerow planting (as Viewpoint 19) along both sides of the A490, south of Edderton Mitigation Measures & Residual Effect – Construction & Lodge and to the rear boundaries of properties on Halmar Drive will in time help Decommissioning to screen views. The residual effect is considered minor and not significant.

6.7.3 As stated previously, no significant landscape or visual effects will arise from Visual Effect on A483 construction or decommissioning of the proposed overhead line. However, 6.7.15 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore to help compensate for loss of a number of sections of hedgerow, to facilitate significant. New blocks of tree planting along the lane to the wind farm to the construction, these will be replaced with appropriate locally native species. west side of the A483, in time, help to screen some views. However, due to the openness of the landscape, the residual effect, although very localised, will 6.7.4 Approximately 300 trees will have to be removed to accommodate the overhead remain moderate and therefore significant. line. Although trees are well represented in the local landscape, their removal will have some localised effects on the landscape and on views. To offset this, Visual Effect on A489 it is proposed to plant significantly more trees than the number being removed 6.7.16 The visual effect from the road before mitigation is considered moderate and and SPEN, subject to landowner agreements, seek to implement a 2 for 1 tree therefore significant. Extending the hedgerow along the field boundary on the replacement policy. In identifying suitable locations for new tree planting, SPEN western side of the B4368, will, in time help to limit views to glimpses through the will approach landowners and community councils with offers of trees to plant field gate. However, due to the proximity of the overhead line, the residual effect, in areas identified by them. A review of suitable locations is included in the although very localised, will remain moderate and therefore significant. EMP. This is based on an understanding of the landscape of the study area and the identification of areas, which could benefit from landscape reinforcement or Visual Effect on A490 enhancement. 6.7.17 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore significant. New and supplementary tree and hedgerow planting along both Mitigation of Landscape Effects During Operation sides of the A490 will, in time, help to screen some views. However, due to the proximity of the overhead line and the location of the pole within the roadside 6.7.5 With respect to the landscape of the Powys LCAs, no significant landscape hedgerow, the residual effect although very localised, will remain moderate and effects will arise from the operation of the overhead line, therefore, no mitigation therefore significant. measures are proposed.

68 New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation landscape & visual

Visual Effect on B4355 6.8.9 The proposed overhead line will not have a significant effect on the visual amenity 6.7.18 The visual effect on the stretch of this road around Black Gate before mitigation of any formal visitor attractions including national or regional trails or cycleways. is considered moderate and therefore significant. However, due to the openness Users of local public rights of way and open access land will be variably affected. of the landscape in this area, tree or hedgerow planting is not considered Where a pole is seen in close proximity to these designated areas, the effect on appropriate to the local landscape character. Therefore, no mitigation measures visual amenity will be significant, although this effect will diminish rapidly with are proposed and the residual effect although very localised, will remain distance. moderate and therefore significant. 6.8.10 Similarly, road users will be variably affected. Significant residual effects are Visual Effect on B4368 noted for the A483, A489, A490, B4355, B4368, B4386 and B4385, although 6.7.19 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore these effects are localised, transient and will diminish rapidly with distance. significant. New hedgerow planting along the field boundary on the western side of the B4368 (as Viewpoint 07) and new and supplementary tree and hedgerow 6.8.11 There will not be a significant effect on passengers on the Machynlleth to planting along both sides of the B4368 (as Viewpoint 13) will, in time, help to Shrewsbury railway. screen some views. However, due to the proximity of the line, the residual effect although very localised, will remain moderate and therefore significant. 6.8.12 There is no information available on any other proposed overhead lines within the study area, which may give rise to cumulative effects. However, there may Visual Effect on B4386 be some cumulative effects arising when the proposed overhead line is seen in 6.7.20 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore close proximity to an existing overhead line. The effects of this are highlighted significant. under the preceding detailed descriptions.

6.7.21 New and supplementary tree and hedgerow planting along both sides of the B4385 and at the junction with the B4386 will, in time, help to screen some views. However, due to the proximity of the line and the location of the poles within the field, the residual effect, although very localised, will remain moderate and therefore significant.

Visual Effect on B4385 6.7.22 The visual effect before mitigation is considered moderate and therefore significant.

6.7.23 New and supplementary tree and hedgerow planting along both sides of the B4385 and at the junction with the B4386 will, in time, help to screen some views. However, due to the proximity of the line and the location of the poles within the field, the residual effect, although very localised, will remain moderate and therefore significant.

6.8 Summary

6.8.1 The design and routeing of the proposed overhead line has been developed to minimise its effects on the landscape and visual amenity of the area and, given the length of the line, this strategy is generally effective. Significant effects only occur when close to the line or within the higher, more open parts of the study area.

6.8.2 There are no identified significant landscape or visual effects for the construction or decommissioning phases of the overhead line.

6.8.3 Any likely significant landscape or visual effects will arise during the operational stages and for this reason, the overhead line has been developed as far as possible to limit these. The location of the Llandinam wind farm on the Waun Ddubarthog Ridge means that the route is more visible at the southern end of the corridor, than further north where it merges into the more diverse and enclosed landscape east of the Severn Valley. However, the use of wood pole supports helps mitigate the effects its effect within the more open and elevated parts of the route.

6.8.4 When viewed in the context of the changes to the landscape, which are likely to arise from the construction of wind farms within SSA C, the proposed overhead line is considered to result in a minor and therefore not significant change to the landscapes of the wider area.

6.8.5 In terms of viewpoints, significant residual effects are noted for viewpoints 3, 12, 13, 14, 19, 25 & 51. However, these viewpoints were selected to illustrate the worst case scenario and are not indicative of any overall effect on the wider landscape.

6.8.6 In terms of settlements, some properties on the edge of Fron Bank/Cilcewydd, which lie within 500m of the overhead line will experience a significant change in their view, where there is no screening afforded by landform, buildings or vegetation.

6.8.7 From the remainder of towns and villages in the study area, the overhead line will either not be visible, or will appear as a distant feature and the proposed overhead line will not result in a significant change in the view.

6.8.8 Of the many individual properties scattered throughout the study area, only those close to the overhead line will experience a significant change in their view some of which will have views of the proposed overhead line. However, the nature of the proposed overhead line, combined with the screening effects of landform and vegetation, mean that its effect will be limited. For other properties, although the overhead line may be visible in the distance, the effect will be insignificant, as the line will blend into the background scenery.

New 132kV Overhead Line Connection from Llandinam Wind Farm to Welshpool Substation 69