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Beneficial Insects Presentation Slides Beneficial Insects Beneficial insects in your garden A. Roles of beneficial insects B. Meet the beneficial insects (and other arthropods) Great Black Wasp; C. Invasives to watch out for C.A.S. Mazzacano Celeste A. Searles Mazzacano, Ph.D. Presented for EMSWCD D. Creating & maintaining habitat E. Resources & projects Convergent Lady Beetle; Seven-spotted Lady Beetle; C.A.S. Mazzacano © 2017 C. A. Searles Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano How many people think How we should all think of insects of insects Oregon Zoo; C.A.S. Mazzacano Benefits of insects Benefits of insects • improve soil conditions • pollination • food for wildlife - 70% of flowering plants • Wood Ground Beetle; pollinated by insects medical benefits iNaturalist, oldbilluk - • bees, flies, beetles, moths recreation Soldier Beetle; David Hebert River Jewelwing; C.A.S. Mazzacano Cedar Waxwing eating dragonfly; Larry Rea Red Satyr; Sweat Bee; Flower Fly; Yellow-faced Bumble Bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano Thomas Bresson C.A.S. Mazzacano Benefits of insects • decomposers - beetles and flies break down & recycle animal dung • Natural pest control and carcases - predators - beetles, flies, termites break Burying Beetle; down plant material C.A.S. Mazzacano - parasitoids Dung Beetles; Black Soldier Fly; C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano “tumblebug”; C.A.S. Mazzacano Natural Pest Control Natural Pest Control • Parasitoids • Predators - lay eggs or insert larvae in or near host; - consume pest eggs, developing larvae feed externally or internally larvae, and/or adults on body of living host - beetles, lacewings, wasps, - host dies when flies, bugs, thrips, mantids, parasitoids spiders, mites become adults - wasps, flies Assassin bug; kestrel360, iNaturalist Tachinid fly getting ready to parasitize elm leaf beetle larva; Jack Kelly Clark/UC Davis Predators Predators - Beetles Japanese Giant Mantis; Spined Assassin Bug; C.A.S. Mazzacano Judy Welna, iNaturalist Western Red Lady Beetle; Fiery Searcher; Oregon Tiger Beetle; C.A.S. Mazzacano John Pickering, Discover Life C.A.S. Mazzacano Multicolored Asian Beetle; Pterostychus ground beetle; C.A.S. Mazzacano Rob Sandelin Western Red Lady Beetle; Red Milkweed Beetle; C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano Black and Yellow Garden Spider; Great Black Wasp; Kammy Kern-Korot C.A.S. Mazzacano Predators - Beetles Predators - Beetles European Ground Beetle; Convergent Lady Beetle; Biopix, EoL Lady Beetles C.A.S. Mazzacano Ground Beetles • round to oval • broadly oval; dark to metallic • bright colors, bold • large jaws, sculpted wing spotted patterns Lady Beetle larva; covers bugguide.net, Snail-eating Beetle; Jerry McCormick Ken-ichi Ueda • larvae & adults eat • larvae & adults eat insect aphids, scales, eggs, snails, mites, caterpillars, caterpillars Sorrowful Lady Beetle; insect eggs C.A.S. Mazzacano Multi-colored Asian Lady Beetle; C.A.S. Mazzacano carabid larva; Phil Myers Predators - Beetles Predators - Beetles Soldier Beetles Rove Beetles • long body, soft wing • elongated dark body covers, long antennae Rove Beetle; Joyce Gross • short wing covers Podabrus Soldier Beetle; • yellow/orange & black vncdatatech01 expose abdomen markings • eat small soil organisms, • eat mealybugs, aphids, root maggots Devil’s Coach Horse; soil organisms Cedric Lee Margined Leatherwing; David Hebert Predators - Lacewings Predators - Wasps Brown & Green Lacewings Green Lacewing; C.A.S. Mazzacano Wasps • soft delicate body; loose, oval, multi-veined wings • victims of bad PR! • eat mealybugs, aphids, scales, • need to balance caterpillars aggressiveness, proximity with Brown Lacewing; James Bailey Green Lacewing larva biocontrol services Green Lacewing egg Predators - Wasps Predators - Flies Paper Wasps, Digger Wasps Flower Flies • build nest of chewed fibers, nest • larvae (maggots) eat in existing holes, or dig tunnels aphids, scale insects • bring live paralyzed prey to young • Polistes aurifer paper wasp; adults feed on nectar, Toxomerus syrphid; MJ Hatfield Edward Rooks honeydew; bee mimics, pollinators Sphex digger wasp; European Paper wasp; paper wasp nest; C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano Andrea Joy Davis Helophilis syrphid; C.A.S. Mazzacano Predators - Flies Predators - Bugs Assassin Bugs Robber flies • large, spiny body; • adults eat anything flared abdomen they can catch • stout needle-like Laphria robber fly with blister beetle; C.A.S. Mazzacano • larvae prey on insect mouthparts Pselliopus Assassin Bug; larvae in leaf litter, loose John & Jane Balaban Rhynocoris Assassin Bug; soil, decaying wood • eat all types Phil Huntley-Franck of insects Assassin bug; kestrel360, iNaturalist Giant Robber Fly; C.A.S. Mazzacano Predators - Bugs Predators - Bugs Ambush Bugs Damsel Bugs • stout body with • small, slender, flared abdomen yellow/brown body Phymata americana; Kurt Schaefer • enlarged forelegs • thickened forelegs Nabis roseipennis; Jason Michael Crockwell • bright colors & patterns • eat insect larvae, small insects, eggs • eat all types of insects Nabicula subcoleoptrata; Jagged Ambush Bug; Jason Michael Crockwell Dale & Elva Paulson Predators - Bugs Predators - Bugs Big-eyed Bugs Minute Pirate Bugs • small oval body • tiny, straight-sided body • broad head with big bulging eyes • black & white pattern Anthocoris musculus; • Lynette Elliott eat small insects, Geocoris uliginosus; mites, eggs Lyle J. Buss, U of FL • eat spider mites, thrips, aphids, insect eggs Geocoris; Jack Dykinga, USDA Minute Pirate Bug nymph; Lynette Elliott Predators - Bugs Predators - Mantids Mantis religiosa; C.A.S. Mazzacano Praying Mantis Predatory Stink Bugs • large; long brown or green body • triangular brown/grey body • triangular head, large eyes with shield-like cover Two-spotted Stink Bug; Matthew Priebe • spiny raptorial forelegs • eat large prey such as caterpillars & beetle larvae • eat whatever they can catch Stagmomantis californica egg case; Rough Stink Bug; Lynette Elliott Stagmomantis californica; randomtruth C.A.S. Mazzacano Predators - Thrips Predators - Spiders Spiders cross spider; C.A.S. Mazzacano Banded-winged, Black Hunter, & Six-spotted Thrips • round body, 8 legs Black and Yellow Garden Spider; C.A.S. Mazzacano • long, minute, Aeolothrips; Christophe Quinton slender body • often with bright colors or patterns • adults black, may Black Hunter Thrips have white wings • web builders & active hunters Zebra Jumping Spiders; • strap-like, C.A.S. Mazzacano • feathery wings Black Hunter eat whatever Thrips; Ilona L. they can catch Franklinothrips nymph; Jack Kelly Clark/UC Davis Wolf Spider; C.A.S. Mazzacano Predators - Mites Predators - Centipedes Predatory Mites Red Velvet Mite; Univ. of WI-Milwaukee Centipedes • tiny, pear-shaped, shiny body • long segmented body • 6 or 8 legs • 1 pair of legs/segment • fast-moving Stone Centipede; • eat small arthropods iNaturalist, Cristophe Quintin • eat thrips, spider mites, in & on the soil centipede; iNaturalist, Paul Heiple insect eggs Western Predatory Mites eating Spider Mite; UC Davis Parasitoids Parasitoids - Flies Braconid; kimberlietx, iNaturalist Tachinid Flies Tachinid; Jack Kelly Clark/UC Davis • resemble house flies but with stout bristly hairs on Braconid pupae on Sphinx moth Tachinid; BioImages, EoL larva; Tim Guida, iNaturalist tip of abdomen Trogus ichneumonid; Lea Gelling, iNaturalist • parasitize caterpillars, beetles, bugs, earwigs, grasshoppers Tachinid eggs on leafroller caterpillar; Bee fly; Siegrun Storer, EoL Jack Kelly Clark/UC Davis Parasitoids - Flies Parasitoids - Wasps Bee Flies Ichneumonid and Braconid Wasps parasitized catalpa caterpillar; John Obermeyer/Purdue • hairy, brightly colored • long slender body Entomology • wings held to side at rest • long antennae & ovipositor • adults are pollinators • parasitize caterpillars, beetles, wasps, bugs, Ichneumonid wasp; Nuytsia@Tas • larvae parasitoids of soil- flies, aphids Braconid larvae exiting host; UC Davis dwelling beetles, wasps, Braconid on grape leaffolder; caterpillars, bees, Bee Fly (IVilla sp.): C.A.S. Mazzacano UC Davis grasshoppers Parasitoids - Wasps Invasive Insects to Watch For Japanese Beetle; C.A.S. Mazzacano Gypsy Moth pheromone trap; Paul Gordy Trichogrammatid Wasps • tiny (<1 mm), Trichogramma attacking corn earworm egg; UC Davis compact body • short antennae, hairy wings Gypsy Moths; Tom Murray • parasitize insect eggs Japanese Beetle; Les Mehrhoff, Discover Life Invasive Insects to Watch For Invasive Insects to Watch For Japanese Beetle Japanese Beetle • adults eat leaves & flowers of • medium-sized oval scarab (0.5”) >300 tree & vine fruits, crops, shrubs, trees • bright metallic green thorax, Ohio State University coppery wings • prefer grape, apple, cherry, peach, plum, rose, corn Purdue Extension • 2 small white hair tufts behind wings, 5 patches on each side of abdomen • larvae are turf grass pests • larvae C-shaped, up to 1” long • several detections & eradications in OR Univ. of IL Extension Ohio State University Invasive Insects to Watch For Invasive Insects to Watch For Asian Gypsy Moth John H. Ghent, USDA Forest Service Asian Gypsy Moth • females lay eggs in oblong • females 2”, white/cream wings; masses on trees, cover males 1.5”, dark brown with body scales • several detections & • feed on >500 spp. eradications in Oregon John H. Ghent, USDA Forest Service Purdue Extension of trees & shrubs • defoliation, landscape- scale devastation John H. Ghent, USDA Forest Service For reporting, information, and resources: Creating habitat • Oregon Department of Agriculture: www.oda.state.us • Oregon Forest Pest Detectors: pestdetector.forestry.oregonstate.edu
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