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SANITARY IMPORTANCE of ARCOBACTER Arturo Levican Asenjo

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SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTER Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTE Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 Arturo Alberto Levican Asenjo Sanitary importance of Arcobacter Doctoral Thesis Directed by Dr. Maria José Figueras Dr. Luis Collado González Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques Unitat de Biologia i Microbiologia Reus 2013 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTE Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 Maria José Figueras Salvat professor of Microbiology of the Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University Rovira i Virgili and Luis Collado González researcher and teacher of the Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences of the University Austral of Chile. CERTIFY THAT: The present work entitled: ”Sanitary importance of Arcobacter” prepared by Arturo Levican Asenjo to obtain the degree of doctor by the University Rovira i Virgili, have been carried out under our supervision at the Unit of Microbiology of the Department of Basic Health Sciences, and that it fulfils the requirements to obtain the International Doctorate mention. Reus, May 14, 2013. Dra. Maria José Figueras Salvat Dr. Luís Collado González UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTE Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 To Karin, Fabian and Gabriela UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTE Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 Acknowledgments I express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Prof. Maria José Figueras for her continuous support of my PhD study and research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and also for encouraging me to give the best of myself. I also thank her for giving so much of her valuable time over recent months to help me finish this thesis in time. I also thank Dr. Luis Collado, co-Director of this work, for helping me get started on this PhD and for his guidance and support from the beginning. I thank Prof. Josep Guarro for his advice, support and friendship during my years in the Microbiology Unit in Reus. My sincere appreciation goes to all other Professors in the Unit for everything I have learned from them and for their continuous help and support. And I thank sincerely Prof. Luis Zaror (Universidad Austral de Chile) for trusting me and for his help in starting my PhD studies. I’m grateful to the team of technicians for their help in my everyday life and to my lab mates for the stimulating discussions and for all the fun we have had in the last four years. In particular, to Luis, Eduardo and Valentina for their support during my first years here in Reus and to Katiuska for her unconditional friendship. I also thank Phil for his help in correcting my writings in English and for his useful advice. I’m very grateful to Prof. Stephen Forsythe of the School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, for giving me the opportunity to conduct the tissue culture study in his laboratory. Furthermore, I thank to all other teachers and lab mates, in special to Aldwkali Alkeskas for teaching me, to Susan Joseph for her support and for her friendship during my time in Britain. I'm also grateful to my house-mates there in Clifton, Nottingham, Cèlie and Mert, for the enriching conversations, for the shared time and for their friendship. I thank the Laboratori de Salut Pública, Agencia de Protecció de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain, and IRTA (Research and Technology Food and Agriculture) of Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain for providing me with shellfish samples and to Jaume Cabré at the WWTP in Reus, Spain, for his help in providing us the access to sampling points. This acknowledgement extends to all who have participated as co-authors in the studies included in this thesis. My sincere thanks also goes to the external reviewers, Dr. Sarah de Smet and Dr. Dang Duong Bang, who agreed to review this thesis and whose comments improved it significantly. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTE Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 I am deeply and forever indebted to my family: My parents José and Norma, my sister Monica and my brother José for their guidance and love, which made it possible for me to finish my undergraduate studies; especially to my brother Jorge who motivated me to follow this career. To my family-in-law who welcomed me: to Eliana and Sergio, and Felipe and Vivian, who raised my loved wife, and are always there to support us. To Mabel, Cristian and Colomba for their love and support. Also to all uncles and cousins who were always encouraging me to keep going, especially to Aunt Tere and Maly, who surely are somewhere taking care of us. Words could never adequately express my gratitude to my loving wife Karin and our precious children Fabian and Gabriela, who had to leave family, friends and part of their lives behind in Chile, to supporting me in this adventure. I’m proud of your fortitude because I know that this change was not an easy one. Certainly, this success is also yours because without your love and support I'd never have finished this thesis. I love you all so much !!!. Last but not least, I acknowledge the Universitat Rovira i Virgili for my doctoral grant, as well as to Conicyt, Chile for their financial support through Becas Chile. Some of the studies included in this thesis were supported by project AGL2011-30461-C02-02 of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Spain and/or by funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement n° 311846). I also acknowledge the travel grant obtained to participate in the 16th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Microorganisms, Vancouver, Canada. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTE Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Dr. Jesús López Romalde Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIBUS), Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain Dr. Josepa Gené Departament of Basic Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Reus, Spain Dr. Sandra McLellan Great Lakes Water Institute, School of Freshwater Sciences University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA SUBSTITUTES Dr. Dolors Furones Nozal Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària (IRTA) Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain. Dr. Josep Cano Departament of Basic Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Reus, Spain Dr. Andrea Serraino Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna, Italy EXTERNAL EVALUATORS Dr. Sarah De Smet Het Varkensloket, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO) Melle, Belgium Dr. Dang Duong Bang Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Diagnosis Technology, Division of Food Microbiology National Food Institute, Teknical University of Denmark Søborg, Denmark UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI SANITARY IMPORTANCE OF ARCOBACTE Arturo Levican Asenjo Dipòsit Legal: T.1425-2013 CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The genus Arcobacter……………………………………………………………………… 3 1.1.1 Methods for the characterization of new species 1.1.1.1 16S rRNA gene……………………………………………………………….
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  • Identification by 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing of Arcobacter

    Identification by 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing of Arcobacter

    182 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of Mol Path: first published as 10.1136/mp.55.3.182 on 1 June 2002. Downloaded from Arcobacter butzleri bacteraemia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis SKPLau,PCYWoo,JLLTeng, K W Leung, K Y Yuen ............................................................................................................................. J Clin Pathol: Mol Pathol 2002;55:182–185 Aims: To identify a strain of Gram negative facultative anaerobic curved bacillus, concomitantly iso- lated with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus milleri, from the blood culture of a 69 year old woman with acute gangrenous appendicitis. The literature on arcobacter bacteraemia and arcobacter infections associated with appendicitis was reviewed. Methods: The isolate was phenotypically investigated by standard biochemical methods using conventional biochemical tests. Genotypically, the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the bacterium was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The sequence of the PCR prod- uct was compared with known 16S rRNA gene sequences in the GenBank by multiple sequence align- ment. Literature review was performed by MEDLINE search (1966–2000). Results: The bacterium grew on blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar to sizes of 1 mm in diameter after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C in 5% CO2. It grew at 15°C, 25°C, and 37°C; it also grew in a microaerophilic environment, and was cytochrome oxidase positive and motile, typically a member of the genus arcobacter. Furthermore, phenotypic testing showed that the biochemical profile See end of article for of the isolate did not fit into the pattern of any of the known arcobacter species.