DOCSLIB.ORG

Bacillus Swezeyi Sp. Nov. and Bacillus Haynesii Sp. Nov., Isolated from Desert Soil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bacillus Swezeyi Sp. Nov. and Bacillus Haynesii Sp. Nov., Isolated from Desert Soil TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Dunlap et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:2720–2725 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.002007 Bacillus swezeyi sp. nov. and Bacillus haynesii sp. nov., isolated from desert soil Christopher A. Dunlap,1,* David A. Schisler,1 Elizabeth B. Perry,2† Nora Connor,2‡ Frederick M. Cohan2 and Alejandro P. Rooney1 Abstract Two isolates of Gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria were identified during a survey of the diversity of strains belonging to the genus Bacillus deposited in the Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection. These strains were originally isolated from soil in Evolution Canyon III (Israel) in a survey of ecological diversification. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T determined they were closely related to members of the Bacillus licheniformis clade. The genome of each strain was sequenced, and further analysis indicated that the strains represented unique species based on in silico DNA–DNA hybridization analyses. A phylogenomic analysis revealed that NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were closely related to the group that includes B. licheniformis. In phenotypic characterization, both NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T were found to grow at temperatures of between 15 and 60 C and tolerated up to 12 % NaCl (w/v). The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0, and peptidoglycan from cell walls contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content was 45.7 and 44.3 mol% for NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T, respectively. Furthermore, each strain had a unique carbon utilization pattern that distinguished it from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Based upon the consensus of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, we conclude that these strains represent two novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus swezeyi sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41294T (=CCUG 70177T), and the name Bacillus haynesii sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain NRRL B-41327T (=CCUG 70178T). During a survey of the biodiversity of the strains belonging authors or any culture collection [6]. Regardless, the 16S to the genus Bacillus in the Agricultural Research Service rRNA gene sequence of strain NRRL B-41327T was found Culture Collection (NRRL), we identified two strains to share the highest identity (99.7 %) with the type strains of (NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T) that appeared to be B. sonorensis (99.7 %) and B. paralicheniformis (99.7 %), and phylogenetically unique, based on 16S rRNA gene sequen- strain NRRL B-41294T was found to share similarly high ces. As part of a study incorporating ecology into bacterial levels of nucleotide sequence identity with the type strains systematics [1], these strains were isolated from separate of B. sonorensis (99.2 %) and B. licheniformis (99.1 %). – soil samples (1 3 cm depth) taken in Evolution Canyon III, Because past studies of species of the genus Bacillus have located in the southern Negev Desert, at Nahal Shaharut, shown that multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) [7] and Isreal. Both strains shared a close relationship with strains phylogenomic analysis [4, 8–13] can better differentiate spe- in the Bacillus licheniformis clade, which includes B. licheni- cies at the molecular level than analysis of 16S rRNA gene formis [2], Bacillus paralicheniformis [3], Bacillus glycinifer- sequence data alone, we produced draft genome sequences mentans [4] and Bacillus sonorensis [5]. Although it is also a of NRRL B-41327T and NRRL B-41294T to confirm their member of this clade, Bacillus aerius was not included since taxonomic identities. DNA–DNA relatedness (in silico) the type strain is no longer available from the original between these strains and the type strains of the nearest Author affiliations: 1United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, USA; 2Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA. *Correspondence: Christopher A. Dunlap, [email protected] Keywords: desert; soil. Abbreviation: DDH, DNA-DNA hybridization. †Present address: Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ‡Present address: Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, USA. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the draft genome sequences of Bacillus haynesii NRRL B-41327T and Bacillus swezeyi NRRL B- 41294T are MRBL00000000 and MRBK00000000, respectively. The accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Bacillus haynesii NRRL B-41327T and Bacillus swezeyi NRRL B-41294T are MRBL01000076 and MRBK01000096, respectively. Two supplementary figures are available with the online Supplementary Material. 002007 Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 52.0.234.912720 On: Wed, 17 Jul 2019 07:41:21 Dunlap et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:2720–2725 phylogenetic neighbours showed that these strains represent Becton Dickinson) diluted 1 : 9 with water containing 50 mg À1 two novel species in this clade. We subsequently character- MnSO4 l using cells grown in 10 ml of broth in 50 ml con- ized these strains using a polyphasic taxonomic approach ical tubes incubated at 28 C and 200 r.p.m. for 48 h. Cells and compared them with the type strains of closely related containing endospores were heat fixed and observed using species of the genus Bacillus. On the basis of the data gath- phase contrast microscopy. Strain NRRL B-41294T pro- ered in this study, strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B- duced central–paracentral, ellipsoidal endospores with 41327T should be recognized as representatives of two novel unswollen sporangia (Fig. S1, available in the online Supple- species of the genus Bacillus, for which the names Bacillus mentary Material). Colonies formed on TGY were creamy swezeyi sp. nov. and Bacillus haynesii sp. nov. are proposed. white, mucoid, translucent and raised, and were 3–4 mm in Below we describe the results of our analyses. diameter after 2 days of incubation at 37 C. Rods were found to be 0.8±0.1 µm in diameter and 2.8±0.4 µm in Strains NRRL B-41294T and NRRL B-41327T grew well on length when cultured in 1/10 TSB. Strain NRRL B-41327T nutrient agar (NA; Difco), Luria–Bertani agar (LB; Difco), produced central-paracentral, ellipsoidal endospores with trypticase soy agar (TSA; Difco), Reasoner’s 2A agar (R2A) unswollen sporangia (Fig. S2). Colonies formed on TGY and tryptone glucose yeast extract agar (TGY) at 30 C. We were creamy white, mucoid, translucent and raised, and tested the temperature range for growth at 4, 10, 15, 25, 30, were 3–4 mm in diameter after 2 days of incubation at 37, 50, 55, 60 and 65 C on R2A agar by allowing plates to 37 C. Rods measured 0.7±0.1 µm in diameter and 2.1 incubate for up to 14 days. The pH range for growth was ±0.2 µm in length when cultured in 1/10 TSB. determined from pH 3.0 to pH 11.0 for 3 days in TGY broth buffered with acetate buffer (pH 3.0–6.0), Tris/HCl buffer Carbon source utilization was tested using the OmniLog (pH 7.0–9.0) or carbonate buffer (pH 10.0–11.0), and Data Collection system (Biolog). Strains NRRL B-41327T adjusted with HCl or NaOH [14], at 28 C. NaCl tolerance and NRRL B-41294T were cultured overnight on Biolog uni- was investigated by using TGY broth supplemented with 0– versal growth plates and prepared according to the manu- 20 % (w/v) NaCl, in 2 % increments, at 28 C for 3 days. facturer’s instructions for the GEN III MicroPlate test panel Both strains were able to grow on NA, LB, R2A, TSA and using protocol A (Biolog) at 33 C. An OmniLog Data TGY agar. Both strains grew at a pH range of 5.0–10.0 and a Collection instrument (Biolog) was used to collect data in temperature range of 15–60 C. They grew with a range of 15 min increments for 22 h. The experiment was conducted NaCl concentrations from 0 to 12 % (w/v). The optimum in triplicate. The metabolic characteristics of the two novel temperature and pH for growth were 37 C and pH 7.0, strains and the closely related strains provided some distin- respectively, based on optical densities. Growth under guishing phenotypes (Table 1). Cells of strains NRRL B- anaerobic conditions was determined on anaerobic agar 41294T and NRRL B-41327T could be distinguished from (Difco) at 30 C using a GasPak jar (Merck) in an atmo- closely related strains based on carbon utilization assays. In sphere of <1 % O2, 13 % CO2 and 86 % N2 for 7 days [15]. traditional metabolic assays, the two strains utilized citrate Both strains were able to grow under these conditions and, and hydrolysed starch, gelatin and casein. They produced therefore, are considered facultative anaerobes. Spore acid from glucose, but no gas. Catalase and oxidase activities morphology was determined in tryptic soy broth (TSB; were examined using 3 % (v/v) hydrogen peroxide solution Table 1. Summary of distinguishing metabolic phenotypic properties of B. swezeyi sp. nov. and B. haynesii sp. nov. Strains: 1, B. swezeyi sp. nov. NRRL B-41294T; 2, B. haynesii sp. nov. NRRL B-41327T; 3, B. glycinifermentans GO-13T; 4, B. sonorensis NRRL B-23154T; 5, B. licheniformis ATCC 14580T; 6, B. paralicheniformis KJ-16T. Biolog GEN III 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stachyose À + ÀÀÀÀ Raffinose À + ÀÀÀÀ Melibiose À + ÀÀÀÀ D-Galactose + + À + ÀÀ D-Sorbitol + + À + + + D-Gluconic acid + + À + + + myo-Inositol + + + + ÀÀ L-Alanine + + À + À + D-Galacturonic acid À + À + ÀÀ Mucic acid + + À + ÀÀ D-Saccharic acid + ÀÀ + ÀÀ Formic acid À + ÀÀÀÀ Lincomycin + ÀÀÀÀ + Nalidixic acid ÀÀÀ + ÀÀ Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 52.0.234.912721 On: Wed, 17 Jul 2019 07:41:21 Dunlap et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:2720–2725 Table 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Characterization of Local Strains of Bacillus Thuringiensis in the North of Algeria
    Vol. 10(45), pp. 1880-1887, 7 December, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2016.7946 Article Number: AEEEB8A61917 ISSN 1996-0808 African Journal of Microbiology Research Copyright © 2016 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR Full Length Research Paper Molecular characterization of local strains of Bacillus thuringiensis in the North of Algeria Kebdani M.1*, Mahdjoubi M.2, Cherif A.2, Gaouar B. N.1 and Rebiahi S. A.3 1Laboratory of Ecology and Management of Naturals Ecosystems, Ecology and Environment Department, Abu Bakr Belkaid University, Imama, Tlemcen, Algeria. 2Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization, Higher Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manouba Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia. 3Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Environment, Biology Department, Abu Bakr Belkaid University, Imama, Tlemcen, Algeria. Received 1 February, 2016, Accepted 19 September, 2016. The analysis of soil samples taken from orange groves located in four cities of Northern Algeria allowed the isolation and identification of 24 strains belonging to the group Bacillus cereus, based on their physiological, biochemical and molecular characters investigated. They were divided as follow: 12 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, 1 strain of Bacillus pumilis, 4 strains of Bacillus cereus, 5 strains of Bacillus subtilis and 2 Bacillus mycoides strains. After the molecular characterization performed with the aid of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, it was confirmed from the parasporal bodies using a scanning electron microscope that the strains of the identified collection belong to the species, B. thuringiensis. Key words: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, polymerase chain reaction, scanning EM.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacillus Rubiinfantis Sp. Nov. Strain Mt2t, a New Bacterial Species Isolated from Human Gut
    TAXONOGENOMICS: GENOME OF A NEW ORGANISM Bacillus rubiinfantis sp. nov. strain mt2T, a new bacterial species isolated from human gut M. Tidjiani Alou1, J. Rathored1, S. Khelaifia1, C. Michelle1, S. Brah2, B. A. Diallo3, D. Raoult1,4 and J.-C. Lagier1 1) Faculté de médecine, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS7278, IRD198, Inserm 1095, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France, 2) Hopital National de Niamey, 3) Laboratoire de microbiologie, département de biologie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger and 4) Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Abstract Bacillus rubiinfantis sp. nov. strain mt2T is the type strain of B. rubiinfantis sp. nov., isolated from the fecal flora of a child with kwashiorkor in Niger. It is Gram-positive facultative anaerobic rod belonging to the Bacillaceae family. We describe the features of this organism alongside the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4 311 083 bp long genome (one chromosome but no plasmid) contains 4028 protein-coding gene and 121 RNA genes including nine rRNA genes. New Microbes and New Infections © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Keywords: Bacillus rubiinfantis, culturomics, genome, taxonogenomics Original Submission: 7 July 2015; Revised Submission: 1 September 2015; Accepted: 7 September 2015 Article published online: 16 September 2015 The genus Bacillus was established in 1872 by Cohn and is Corresponding author: J.-C. Lagier, Faculté de Médecine, URMITE, composed of strictly aerobic and facultatively anaerobic rod- UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France shaped bacteria that form heat-resisting endospores [16–19].
    [Show full text]
  • Bacillus Mojavensis Sp. Nov., Distinguishable from Bacillus Subtilis by Sexual Isolation, Divergence in DNA Sequence, and Differences in Fatty Acid Composition
    INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1994, p. 256-264 Vol. 44, No. 2 0020-7713/94/$04.00+0 Copyright 0 1994, International Union of Microbiological Societies Bacillus mojavensis sp. nov., Distinguishable from Bacillus subtilis by Sexual Isolation, Divergence in DNA Sequence, and Differences in Fatty Acid Composition MICHAEL S. ROBERTS,' L. K. NAKAMURA,* AND FREDERICK M. COW1* Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0170,' and Microbial Properties Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Sewice, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 616042 A number of Bacillus strains isolated from desert soil samples were shown to belong to a previously unidentified species, for which we propose the name Bacillus mojavensis. The type strain is RO-H-1 (= NRRL B-14698). On the basis of restriction digest data, B. rnojavensis is most closely related to Bacillus amylolique- faciens, Bacillus atrophaeus, and Bacillus subtilis. So far, B. mojavensis can be distinguished from B. subtilis only by differences in whole-cell fatty acid composition, divergence in DNA sequence, and resistance to genetic transformation between taxa (in addition to reduced genome relatedness values). Sequence divergence and sexual isolation may prove to be more useful than metabolic characteristics for delimiting cryptic Bacillus species. Although the species most closely related to Bacillus subtilis strain is maintained in the Agricultural Research Service are easily distinguished from one another by DNA relatedness Culture Collection at the National Center for Agricultural data (14, 15), very few phenotypic criteria that distinguish Utilization Research; each NRRL designation includes the these species are known. For example, only three phenotypic prefix B-, which identifies organisms that were obtained di- traits that distinguish Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from B.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Subsp
    Pinto et al. Standards in Genomic Sciences (2018) 13:30 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-018-0327-x EXTENDED GENOME REPORT Open Access Draft genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain Fito_F321, an endophyte microorganism from Vitis vinifera with biocontrol potential Cátia Pinto1,2, Susana Sousa1, Hugo Froufe1, Conceição Egas1,3, Christophe Clément2, Florence Fontaine2 and Ana C Gomes1,3* Abstract Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain Fito_F321 is a naturally occurring strain in vineyard, with the ability to colonise grapevine and which unveils a naturally antagonistic potential against phytopathogens of grapevine, including those responsible for the Botryosphaeria dieback, a GTD disease. Herein we report the draft genome sequence of B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum Fito_F321, isolated from the leaf of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot at Bairrada appellation (Cantanhede, Portugal). The genome size is 3,856,229 bp, with a GC content of 46.54% that contains 3697 protein-coding genes, 86 tRNA coding genes and 5 rRNA genes. The draft genome of strain Fito_F321 allowed to predict a set of bioactive compounds as bacillaene, difficidin, macrolactin, surfactin and fengycin that due to their antimicrobial activity are hypothesized to be of utmost importance for biocontrol of grapevine diseases. Keywords: Genome sequencing, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum, Fito_F321 strain, Grapevine-associated microorganism, Biocontrol, Endophytic microorganism Introduction kept as singular species across their clade however, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a species from the genus due to their close relationship, these species should be Bacillus, genetically and phenotypically related to B. included in the “operational group B. amyloliquefaciens” subtilis, B. vallismortis, B. mojavensis, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Bacillus Subtilis Group and Beneficial Traits of Bacillus Species Useful in Plant Protection
    Romanian Biotechnological Letters Vol. 20, No. 5, 2015 Copyright © 2015 University of Bucharest Printed in Romania. All rights reserved REVIEW Biodiversity of Bacillus subtilis group and beneficial traits of Bacillus species useful in plant protection Received for publication, June 10, 2015 Accepted, September 10, 2015 SICUIA OANA ALINA1,2, FLORICA CONSTANTINSCU2, CORNEA CĂLINA PETRUŢA1,* 1Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania 2Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection, 8 Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blvd., 013813 Bucharest, Romania *Corresponding author: Călina Petruţa Cornea, Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania, phone. 004-021-318.36.40, fax. 004-021-318.25.88, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Biological control of plant pathogens and plant growth promotion by biological means is the late tendency in biotechnological approaches for agricultural improvement. Such an approach is considering the environmental protection issues without neglecting crop needs. In the present study, we are reviewing Bacillus spp. biocontrol and plant growth promoting activity. As Bacillus genus is a large bacterial taxon, with grate physiological biodiversity, we are describing some inter-grouping, differences and similarities between Bacillus species, especially related to Bacillus subtilis. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis group, beneficial bacteria 1. Introduction Bacillus genus is a heterogeneous taxon, with ubiquitous spread in nature. Bacillus species, such as Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, B.circulans and B. brevis group are widely exploited for biotechnological and industrial applications [1, 2]. Their beneficial traits for plant protection and growth promotion comprise the synthesis of broad-spectrum active metabolites, easily adaptation in various environmental conditions, benefic plant- bacterial interaction and advantageous formulation process [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Insecticidal Activity of Bacteria from Larvae Breeding Site with Natural Larvae Mortality: Screening of Separated Supernatant and Pellet Fractions
    pathogens Article Insecticidal Activity of Bacteria from Larvae Breeding Site with Natural Larvae Mortality: Screening of Separated Supernatant and Pellet Fractions Handi Dahmana 1,2 , Didier Raoult 1,2, Florence Fenollar 2,3 and Oleg Mediannikov 1,2,* 1 IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (H.D.); [email protected] (D.R.) 2 IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France; fl[email protected] 3 IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-(0)4-13-73-24-01; Fax: +33-(0)4-13-73-24-02 Received: 15 May 2020; Accepted: 17 June 2020; Published: 18 June 2020 Abstract: Mosquitoes can transmit to humans devastating and deadly pathogens. As many chemical insecticides are banned due to environmental side effects or are of reduced efficacy due to resistance, biological control, including the use of bacterial strains with insecticidal activity, is of increasing interest and importance. The urgent actual need relies on the discovery of new compounds, preferably of a biological nature. Here, we explored the phenomenon of natural larvae mortality in larval breeding sites to identify potential novel compounds that may be used in biological control. From there, we isolated 14 bacterial strains of the phylum Firmicutes, most of the order Bacillales. Cultures were carried out under controlled conditions and were separated on supernatant and pellet fractions. The two fractions and a 1:1 mixture of the two fractions were tested on L3 and early L4 Aedes albopictus. Two concentrations were tested (2 and 6 mg/L).
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for Bacillus Subtilis Using Genome
    3 Biotech (2016) 6:96 DOI 10.1007/s13205-016-0408-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE A molecular phylogenetic framework for Bacillus subtilis using genome sequences and its application to Bacillus subtilis subspecies stecoris strain D7XPN1, an isolate from a commercial food-waste degrading bioreactor 1 1 Joseph Adelskov • Bharat K. C. Patel Received: 11 January 2016 / Accepted: 28 February 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract A thermophilic, heterotrophic and facultatively our results from electronic DNA–DNA Hybridization (e- anaerobic bacterium designated strain D7XPN1 was iso- DDH) studies. Furthermore, our additional in-depth phy- lated from Baku BakuKingTM, a commercial food-waste logenomic analyses using three different datasets degrading bioreactor (composter). The strain grew opti- unequivocally supported the creation of a fourth B. subtilis mally at 45 °C (growth range between 24 and 50 °C) and subspecies to include strains D7XPN1 and JS for which we pH 7 (growth pH range between pH 5 and 9) in Luria Broth propose strain D7XPN1T (=KCTC 33554T, JCM 30051T) supplemented with 0.3 % glucose. Strain D7XPN1 toler- as the type strain, and designate it as B. subtilis subsp. ated up to 7 % NaCl and showed amylolytic and xylano- stecoris. lytic activities. 16S rRNA gene analysis placed strain D7XPN1 in the cluster represented by Bacillus subtilis and Keywords Moderate thermophile Á Bacillus subtilis the genome analysis of the 4.1 Mb genome sequence subspecies Á Phylogenomics Á Bacillus subtilis subspecies determined using RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsys- stecoris tem Technology) indicated a total of 5116 genomic fea- tures were present of which 2320 features could be grouped into several subsystem categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxigenic Bacilli Associated with Food Poisoning
    Food Sci. Biotechnol. Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 594 ~ 603 (2009) RESEARCH REVIEW ⓒ The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology Toxigenic Bacilli Associated with Food Poisoning Mi-Hwa Oh1 and Julian M. Cox* Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia 1National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi 441-857, Korea Abstract The genus Bacillus includes a variety of diverse bacterial species, which are widespread throughout the environment due to their ubiquitous nature. A well-known member of the genus, Bacillus cereus, is a food poisoning bacterium causing both emetic and diarrhoeal disease. Other Bacillus species, particularly B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, and B. thuringiensis, have also recently been recognized as causative agents of food poisoning. However, reviews and research pertaining to bacilli have focused on B. cereus. Here, we review the literature regarding the potentially toxigenic Bacillus species and the toxins produced that are associated with food poisoning. Keywords: Bacillus, food poisoning, emetic disease, diarrhoeal disease, toxigenic Introduction thuringiensis, referred to as the B. cereus group, are very closely related (11,12). In fact, extensive biochemical, The genus Bacillus comprises a very large and diverse physiological, and morphological studies of the genus group whose members are widespread in nature. They are failed to find characteristics that would consistently important in the food industry and also to consumers differentiate these 4 species (13); whereas members of the because of the association of some species with food B. subtilis group, including B. subtilis, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Phylogeny of the Bacillaceae Species Related to Shrimp Paste Products
    Environmental and Experimental Biology (2016) 14: 23–26 Original Paper DOI: 10.22364/eeb.14.04 Comparative phylogeny of the Bacillaceae species related to shrimp paste products Ekachai Chukeatirote* School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Shrimp paste is one of the traditional seafood products widely consumed in several Asian countries. Although the microbial diversity of shrimp paste remains largely undescribed to date, it has been suggested that the bacterial members of the order Bacillales are predominant. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the bacterial diversity especially for those of the family Bacillaceae, isolated from the shrimp paste products. For this 24 Bacillaceae strains related to the shrimp paste, as well as their nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were retrieved from the GenBank database. To elucidate the phylogeny of these Bacillaceae isolates, their 16S rRNA genes were aligned and used to construct the dendogram. Based on the analysis, these 23 Bacillaceae strains were categorized into three major clades: (i) Bacillus subtilis/amyloliquefaciens complex; (ii) Bacillus cereus group; and (iii) non-Bacillus species. Key words: Bacillaceae, Bacillus, fermented seafood, shrimp paste. Introduction not a surprise that knowledge of microbial diversity of the shrimp paste is scarce. For example, the microflora of Fermented fishery products are widely consumed in Terasi has been previously studied and this reveals a diverse many Asian countries, and can be generally classified group of bacteria including those in the genera Bacillus, based on the raw material used (i.e., fish, shrimp, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Opinion
    EFSA Journal 20xx; volume(issue):xxxx 1 SCIENTIFIC OPINION 2 Technical Guidance on the assessment of the toxigenic potential of Bacillus 1 3 and related genera used in animal nutrition 4 EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)2,3 5 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy 6 ABSTRACT 7 8 9 10 11 KEY WORDS 12 13 14 15 16 1 On request from EFSA, Question No EFSA-Q-2009-00973, adopted on DD Month YYYY. 2 Panel members: Gabriele Aquilina, Georges Bories, Andrew Chesson, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Joop de Knecht, Noël Albert Dierick, Mikolaj Antoni Gralak, Jürgen Gropp, Ingrid Halle, Christer Hogstrand, Reinhard Kroker, Lubomir Leng, Secundino Lopez Puente, Anne-Katrine Lundebye Haldorsen, Alberto Mantovani, Giovanna Martelli, Miklós Mézes, Derek Renshaw, Maria Saarela, Kristen Sejrsen and Johannes Westendorf. Correspondence: [email protected] 3 Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Micro-organisms including Atte von Wright, Per Einar Granum and Christophe Nguyen-thé for the preparation of this opinion. Suggested citation: EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP); Error! Reference source not found.. EFSA Journal 20xx; volume(issue):xxxx. [12 pp.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.20NN.NNNN. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu © European Food Safety Authority, 20xx 1 Technical guidance on Bacillus safety 17 TABLE OF CONTENTS 18 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Bacillaceae
    Ecology of Bacillaceae INES MANDIC-MULEC,1 POLONCA STEFANIC,1 and JAN DIRK VAN ELSAS2 1University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Linneausborg, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands ABSTRACT Members of the family Bacillaceae are among the been found in soil, sediment, and air, as well as in un- most robust bacteria on Earth, which is mainly due to their ability conventional environments such as clean rooms in the to form resistant endospores. This trait is believed to be the Kennedy Space Center, a vaccine-producing company, key factor determining the ecology of these bacteria. and even human blood (1–3). Moreover, members of However, they also perform fundamental roles in soil ecology (i.e., the cycling of organic matter) and in plant health and the Bacillaceae have been detected in freshwater and growth stimulation (e.g., via suppression of plant pathogens and marine ecosystems, in activated sludge, in human and phosphate solubilization). In this review, we describe the high animal systems, and in various foods (including fer- functional and genetic diversity that is found within the mented foods), but recently also in extreme environ- Bacillaceae (a family of low-G+C% Gram-positive spore-forming ments such as hot solid and liquid systems (compost bacteria), their roles in ecology and in applied sciences related and hot springs, respectively), salt lakes, and salterns (4– to agriculture. We then pose questions with respect to their 6). Thus, thermophilic genera of the family Bacillaceae ecological behavior, zooming in on the intricate social behavior that is becoming increasingly well characterized for some dominate the high-temperature stages of composting members of Bacillaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Bacteria Associated with Honeys of Different Geographical
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Analysis of bacteria associated with honeys of different geographical and botanical origin using two different identification approaches: MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA PCR technique 1 1 1,2 1,2 Paweø PomastowskiID *, Michaø ZøochID , Agnieszka Rodzik , Magda Ligor , Markus Kostrzewa3, Bogusøaw Buszewski1,2 a1111111111 1 Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland, 2 Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus a1111111111 University in Torun, Torun, Poland, 3 Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 Abstract In the presented work identification of microorganisms isolated from various types of honeys OPEN ACCESS was performed. Martix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry Citation: Pomastowski P, Zøoch M, Rodzik A, Ligor (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA sequencing were applied to study environmental bacteria M, Kostrzewa M, Buszewski B (2019) Analysis of bacteria associated with honeys of different strains.With both approches, problematic spore-forming Bacillus spp, but also Staphylococ- geographical and botanical origin using two cus spp., Lysinibacillus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Brevibacillus spp were identified. How- different identification approaches: MALDI-TOF MS ever, application of spectrometric technique allows for an unambiguous distinction between and 16S rDNA PCR technique. PLoS ONE 14(5): species/species groups e.g.B. subtilis or B. cereus groups. MALDI TOF MS and 16S rDNA e0217078. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0217078 sequencing allow for construction of phyloproteomic and phylogenetic trees of identified bacterial species. Furthermore, the correlation beetween physicochemical properties, geo- Editor: Doralyn S. Dalisay, University of San Agustin, PHILIPPINES graphical and botanical origin and the presence bacterial species in honey samples were investigated.
    [Show full text]