Multibody and Multipole Effects on the Yield Stress

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Multibody and Multipole Effects on the Yield Stress Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Física Aplicada Programa de Doctorado en Física y Ciencias del Espacio Tesis doctoral Non-linear Magnetorheology: multibody and multipole effects on the Yield Stress Autor: José Rafael Morillas Medina Director: Juan de Vicente Álvarez-Manzaneda 2019 Editor: Universidad de Granada. Tesis Doctorales Autor: José Rafael Morillas Medina ISBN: 978-84-1306-366-9 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/58100 Agradecimientos Cuando empecé el doctorado, en las típicas charlas de bienvenida, nos dijeron que la investigación es un camino duro en el que continuamente aparecen nuevos e inesperados escollos pero que, una vez superados, es tremendamente gratificante. Ahora que han pasado cuatro años de aquello, puedo atestiguarlo. Es más, me atrevería a decir que dicho camino tiene más partes duras que gratificantes. Esta página quiero dedicarla a todos aquellos que, de una manera u otra, me han ayudado a seguir en esta primera etapa del recorrido. Espero contar con vuestro ánimo y confianza en lo que resta. En primer lugar y como era de esperar, dar las gracias a mi director Juan. Gracias por tu apoyo y positivismo, incluso en esas reuniones que se resumen en “esto no sale”, por quitar dramatismo al asunto y por toda la ayuda que me has prestado tanto en lo científico como en lo académico y burocrático. Confío en que un día la tasa de cerrar frentes supere a la de abrirlos y reduzcamos el taco de informes sobre la mesa. Quisiera continuar con todos los integrantes, antiguos y actuales, de la Sala 휋푓 y alrededores: Keshvad, Elisa, Guille, Pablo, Aixa, Irene, Nico, Leo, Luis, Alicia, Matt, Óscar, Yan, Yang, José Alberto, José Antonio, Migue y Ana. Formáis un grupo de amigos excepcional, sano, familiar y donde da gusto trabajar. Extiendo mi agradecimiento también al Grupo de Física de Fluidos y Biocoloides, por acogerme y permitir, no solo desarrollar esta tesis, sino también iniciarme en labores docentes. En estas últimas quiero nombrar especialmente a Fernando, Paco, Antonio y José Antonio por vuestros consejos y confianza mostrada. No puedo olvidar tampoco a Antonio Bombard y Elizabeth Carreón quienes también me guiaron en mis primeros pasos en el laboratorio de reología. Gracias por vuestra paciencia, por compartir vuestras ideas y nuevos puntos de vista. Aprovecho estas líneas para agradecer también a Claas Bierwisch y su grupo la grata acogida que me brindaron en Alemania durante mi estancia así como su continua disposición y ánimo a discutir los resultados incluso por correo electrónico. Fuera de la facultad también me han acompañado amigos cuya forma de ser ha contribuido a elaborar esta tesis. Mil gracias a los miembros de Physical Action (y los impuestos que pagan) y de Vuelta a los orígenes (al único que no está incluido en los grupos anteriores) por todas esas charlas en las que arreglamos el mundo. Cómo no, gracias a todos los bosones y fermionas por agitarme, literalmente, las ideas. No sé si favoreceremos aquello de mente sana en cuerpo sano, pero le ponemos empeño. Mención especial requieren los bendecidos por el pollo. Sin duda, sois amigos de corazón que me habéis prestado vuestra ayuda, consejo y tiempo, no solo a lo largo de la tesis sino desde que tengo uso de memoria. Por todo ello y por lo que vendrá, gracias. Por último y no menos importante, dar las gracias a mis padres y a mi tía. Puesto que saben cómo soy, basta con mencionarles para indicar lo que significan para mí. Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 10 Resumen ......................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 1. Magnetic Suspensions .............................................................................. 14 1.1 Introduction: simple magnetic suspensions, applications and related problems . ......................................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Partial solutions: sophisticated magnetic suspensions ..................................... 15 1.3 Dissertation scope and structure ...................................................................... 18 References .................................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 2. Objectives ................................................................................................. 23 Chapter 3. Theoretical Overview ............................................................................... 24 3.1 Microscopic description of the dynamics ........................................................ 24 3.2 Magnetic interactions ....................................................................................... 33 3.3 Other non-hydrodynamic interactions ............................................................. 42 3.4 Rheology .......................................................................................................... 43 3.5 Some comments on ferrofluids ........................................................................ 62 References .................................................................................................................. 65 Chapter 4. Materials and Methods ............................................................................. 75 4.1 Experimental .................................................................................................... 75 4.2 Simulations ...................................................................................................... 85 References .................................................................................................................. 92 Chapter 5. On the Yield Stress in Magnetorheological Fluids: a Direct Comparison between 3D Simulations and Experiments ..................................................................... 95 Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 95 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 95 5.2 Numerical analysis ........................................................................................... 96 5.3 Results and discussion ..................................................................................... 99 5.4 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 103 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 103 References ................................................................................................................ 103 Chapter 6. Yielding Behavior of Model Magnetorheological Fluids ...................... 105 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 105 6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 105 6.2 Simulation model ........................................................................................... 106 6.3 Experiments ................................................................................................... 109 6.4 Results and discussion ................................................................................... 110 7 6.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................... 122 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 123 References ................................................................................................................ 123 Chapter 7. On the Importance of Interchain Interaction and Rotational Contribution to the Computation of the Yield Stress in Magnetorheology ........................................... 126 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 126 7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 126 7.2 Computation of the interparticle forces ......................................................... 128 7.3 Elongation + rotation versus a true shear strain ............................................. 132 7.4 Boundary conditions: fixing magnetic potential vs periodic BCs and reduced field formulation ....................................................................................................... 135 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 138 7.5 Appendix ........................................................................................................ 138 References ................................................................................................................ 139 Chapter 8. Magnetorheology in Saturating Fields ................................................... 140 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 140 8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 140 8.2 Preassembled structures: numerical calculations ..........................................
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