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A Review of the Genus Schistura in Pakistan with Description of New

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A Review of the Genus Schistura in Pakistan with Description of New Bijdragen tot deDierkitnde, 51 (1): 105-130 — 1981 A review of the genus Schistura in Pakistan with description of new species and sucspecies (Pisces, Cobitidae, Noemacheilinae) by Muhammad R. Mirza Government College, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan and Teodor T. Nalbant & Petru M. Banarescu Institute of Biology, Department of Taxonomy and Evolution, Spi. Independente! 296, 77748 Bucuresti, Romania Abstract The noemacheilineloaches from Pakistan belong Pakistan reviewed: 20 to four Noemacheilus to now The genus Schistura in is species (of genera: (up only which and in 8 are new) 1 subspecies (new) arranged 3 N. corica), Acanthocobitis (only A. botia), Tri- species groups are recognized. plophysa (i.e., the species with High Asian affin- ities: griffithi, brahui, naziri, stoliczkai, akhtari, Résumé choprai ) and Schistura, which includes most Indus du Schistura Pakistan donné: from the basin and from the inland Un aperçu genre en est on y species reconnaît 20 espèces 8 nouvelles) et 1 sous-espèce in the Pakistan. (dont drainages western areas of (nouvelle) placées en 3 groupes d’espèces. The deals with the present paper only species of Schistura. All are reviewed, supplementary data about their distribution, and main distinc- INTRODUCTION tive features of each of them are mentioned, the A great number of noemacheiline loaches are new species being described and illustrated. known from various areas of Pakistan (Günther, 1889; Zugmayer, 1912; Hora, 1923, 1933 a & b; Ahmad & Mirza, 1963; Banarescu & Mirza, 1965, MATERIAL 1972; Mirza, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1969, 1970; Most which this is based collected specimens on study were Mirza, 1976; Omer & Mirza, 1972, 1973, 1975, in Pakistan by the first author and his collaborators. The 1975; Mirza & Awan, 1976; Ahmad, Khan & Mir- holotypes and some of the paratypes belong to the collections of the Institute of (Institutul de Stiinte in Their number is Biology Biologice) za, 1976). constantly increasing, Bucharest (ISBB); other paratypes are in the Zoölogisch Mu- almost each collection new revealing species. Amsterdam and in the seum, (ZMA) private collection of noemacheiline loaches the first author. material received loan Until recently, most Comparative was on from the British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH) and described, and all those recorded from Pakistan from Dr. P.-G. Bianco, L'Aquila, Italy. included within the Noema- were composite genus In several cheilus. some recent papers, however, are and it was that subgenera recognized suggested SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT most of these actually deserve full generic status. Since critical of most a comparative study species Genus Schistura McClelland, 1839 of the subfamily is in an advanced stage ("The of system Noemacheilinae", Banarescu & Nalbant, Type-species: Cobitis (Schistura) rupecula Mc- in preparation), it is already possible to split this Clelland, by subsequent designation (Jordan, into natural too large genus several, more units. 1919: 195). Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 09:02:34PM via free access 106 M. R. MIRZA ET AL. - SCHISTURA IN PAKISTAN and in main A complete diagnosis definition of this under Schistura McClelland's text ( : 439- the most and most variable within on the he the genus, complex 445); contrary, clearly assigned the subfamily, and also the largest or second species dario, geta, and grandis to Hymen (o)- will be in another We therefore largest, given paper (Banarescu physa. accept Jordan's (1919: 195) & Nalbant, in preparation); its main characters designation of rupecula (one of the eight species mentioned in certain were already previous publi- ascribed by McClelland to this subgenus) as cations (Banarescu & Nalbant, 1966, 1968, 1974). generotype. A is nomenclatorial of be difficult problem the status Several groups species can recognized It McClelland within Schistura. The be- of the genus. was proposed by type-species, rupecula, of Cobitis. The characterized (1839) as subgenus original diag- longs to a group by: depressed head; nosis characters mentioned scaled almost lateral is incomplete; some body; complete or complete apply to botiine, others to noemacheiline loaches line; truncate, emarginate, or slightly forked caudal (e.g. "with or without suborbitar spines"). Mc- fin; apparently no sexual dimorphism; toothlike lists the of the denti- Clelland (: 440-443) following species prolongation upper jaw (processus hi and as Sc stura: mont ana, zonata, rupecula, ocellata. formis) strongly developed a corresponding incision the lower This savona, punctata, subfusca, scaturigina. All, except on jaw. group includes ocellata from perhaps (being unidentifiable) are Noe- mainly species the Ganges and Brahmaputra first and macheilinae; the three last two taxa are basins, Burma, the rivers of Thailand and the recorded in of the authors southern of East northwards the previous papers as parts Asia, to Schistura. Much confusion raises from the fact it does in Paki- upper Yangtze River; not occur that in the short diagnosis of the species, McClel- stan and apparently not elsewhere in the Indus land (: 306-309), lists as Schistura some more basin. species besides the eight mentioned above: dario, The species from Pakistan belong to the fol- for three geta (misprint geto) grandis, balgara, acu- lowing groups: leata; the three first ones actually are Botiinae. But in the main text (: 443-445) these species Group alepidota-pakistanica are listed under Cobitis (dario and geta) and Botia The of species this are characterized by: (grandis). McClelland (: 443) even writes: group a large size; depressed head; totally scaleless body; "So many divisions of the Loaches have been sexual rather lateral and those no dimorphism; long line, proposed, so many names to designate at least below dorsal truncate that I feel in reaching to fin; or divisions, some doubt recommending emarginate caudal fin; strongly the generic term Hymenphysa for the following developed pro- cessus dentiformis and usually a corresponding three species, which are distinguished from all incision on the lower jaw. others by the presence of an abdominal natatory The is endemic to the Indus basin in bladder, separated into lobes by a longitudinal group Pakistan and Afghanistan; it differs from the septum". Follows the description of Cobitis dario, above all in the absence of scales and Botia rupecula C. geta grandis. group and shorter lateral line the Modern unanimous in usually (in rupecula authors are accepting this is almost It includes that in these few lines, McClelland established the group always complete). four species: taxon Hymen(o)physa, presently accepted as a valid subgenus of Botia. Schistura & the the alepidota (Mirza Banarescu, 1970). Among authors from 19th century, Fig. 2. Valenciennes (1846: 9-12) considers Schistura as a of Cobitis, and Bleeker synonym (1863: 2) Nemacheilus rupicola inglisi (non Hora); Ahmad & Mirza, of 1963: 75 River, Swat River basin, Pakistan). as a synonym Botia. These viewpoints cannot (Madyan Noemacheilus rupecola alepidotus Mirza & Banarescu, in be accepted, since the name Cobitis is restricted to Mirza, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1970: 55, fig. 10 (Madyan the taenia and the other of on hand, group species River; further localities: Marghzar, Mingoara, Shiner, all Botia listed in the Swat River basin; Pan River basin). no species presently assigned to are not jar, Jhelum Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 09:02:34PM via free access 51 - 1981 107 BIJDRAGEN TOT DE DIERKUNDE, (1) River localities: Hangu on the Kohat Toi (a right tributary of the Indus south of the Kabul River) and Abbottabad on the Dor River (a left tributary of the Indus, its confluence lying east-northeast from that of the Kabul River) (map 1). Prob- also in the lower Kabul ably the species occurs in Indus least River, as well as the proper, at between the confluences of Dor, Kabul, and Ko- hat Toi rivers. The few specimens available from and Hangu Abbottabad are small; we therefore could not make out if there are differences with those from the Swat River basin. Schistura pakistanica (Mirza & Banarescu, 1969). Fig. 1. Noemacheilus pakistanicus Mirza & Banarescu, in Mirza, Banarescu & Nalbant, 1969: 97, figs, 1-3 (Hindubagh, now Muslimbagh, Zhob River basin). Noemacheilus rhadineus (non Regan) Mirza, 1972: 173 (Fort Sandeman, now Zhob City, Zhob River basin). Noemacheilus cristatus (non Berg) Mirza, 1975: 160, 170-171. This has broad species 9-10 crossbars, a truncate or slightly emarginate caudal fin with roundish face of head with- lobes; upper uniformly dark, distinct the of the caudal out spots; stripe on base fin continuous, narrower than in alepidota, and Schistura from the Fig. 1. pakistanica, ISBB 2005, holotype, either complete (extending from the dorsal to Zhob River, Hindubagh. Fig. 2. S. alepidota, ISBB 1356, the ventral side) or developed in the middle only; holotype, from the Madyan River, Swat drainage. Fig. 3. dentiformis in notched S. nalbanti, ISBB 2490, holotype, from the Jhelum River, processus some specimens Rawlakot, Azad Kashmir. Fig. 4. S. paludani, Zoological in the middle; lateral line almost complete, its end Museum Copenhagen, Pisces, coll. no. 2801, holotype, from always closer to caudal fin base than to end of the Pech River, tributary of the Kabul River at Gusalek, anal keel the caudal Afghanistan. fin; an adipose on peduncle. Comparison of the original description of this The is characterized 12-15 crossbars with of S. reveals dif- species by: species that alepidota some = caudal rather (M ca. 13 or 14); truncate
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