Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 48098-001 November 2018

Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Balochistan Water Resources Development Project (Financed by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction)

Pre-Feasibility Report – Zhob River Basin

Prepared by: Techno-Consult International (Pvt.) Ltd. (Water Division)

Karachi, Pakistan

For: Irrigation Department, Government of Balochistan, Pakistan

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

The Government of Balochistan

PRE-FEASIBILITY OF ZHOB RIVER BASIN

Balochistan Water Resources Development Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (TA 8800-PAK) 18th October, 2017

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Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF BWRDP AND THE PPTA ASSIGNMENT ...... 1 1.2 SELECTED RIVER BASINS AND POTENTIAL SUB-PROJECTS ...... 1 1.3 ZHOB RIVER BASIN ...... 2 1.4 POTENTIAL FOR WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN ZHOB RIVER BASIN ...... 2 1.5 PPTA SCOPE OF SERVICES ...... 3 1.6 OUTLINE OF THE REPORT ...... 4 2 METHODOLOGY ...... 6

2.1 OPTION STUDY – SELECTION OF RIVER BASIN AND SUB-PROJECTS ...... 6 2.2 LAR AND SOCIAL RECONNAISSANCE/SCREENING SURVEYS ...... 6 2.2.1 Community Consultations ...... 7 2.2.2 IR& IP Screening Surveys ...... 7

2.3 FIELD SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS BY THE DESIGN TEAM ...... 7 2.4 WATER ASSESSMENT AND WATER BALANCE AT THE SUB-PROJECT LEVEL ...... 8 2.5 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATIONS ...... 8 2.6 EXISTING AND PROPOSED DESIGN OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE ...... 9 2.7 LAND CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT AND SOIL AND WATER QUALITY ...... 9 2.8 INITIAL ENGINEERING DESIGN OF SUB-PROJECTS ...... 10 2.9 EXISTING AND PROPOSED CROPPING PATTERN ...... 10 2.10 EXISTING AND PROPOSED CROPPING INTENSITY ...... 10 2.11 WATER RIGHTS AND LAND TENURE ...... 10 2.12 RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 11 2.13 ENGINEERING ESTIMATES ...... 11 2.14 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ...... 12

3 STUDY RESULTS – ZHOB RIVER BASIN ...... 13

3.1 CURRENT WATER BALANCE OF ZHOB RIVER BASIN ...... 13 3.2 SELECTED SUB-PROJECTS ...... 13 3.3 WATER AVAILABILITY OF POTENTIAL SUB-PROJECTS ...... 13 3.4 WATER REQUIRED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SUB-PROJECTS IN BWRDP AND OTHER PIPELINE SUB-PROJECTS ...... 14 3.5 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATIONS ...... 14 3.6 AGRICULTURE AND WATERSHEDS ...... 14 3.7 IR& IP SCREENING SURVEYS ...... 15 3.8 GENDER ASPECTS IN ZHOB RIVER BASIN ...... 15 3.9 RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 17 3.10 LAYOUT PLAN, INITIAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING ESTIMATES OF POTENTIAL SUB- PROJECTS ...... 18 3.11 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ...... 18 3.12 ANALYSIS OF TARGETS ACCOMPLISHED ...... 19

4 STUDY RESULTS – SUB-PROJECT LEVEL ...... 21

4.1 AHMAD ZAI PERENNIAL AND FLOOD IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT ...... 21 iii

4.1.1 Area of sub-project ...... 21 4.1.2 Physical characteristics ...... 21 4.1.3 Proposed interventions ...... 22 4.1.4 Socio-economic profile ...... 23 4.1.5 IR and IP screening ...... 25 4.1.6 Environmental assessment ...... 27 4.1.7 Agriculture ...... 28

4.2 SABAKZAI COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT SUB-PROJECT ...... 33 4.2.1 Area of sub-project ...... 33 4.2.2 Physical characteristics ...... 33 4.2.3 Proposed interventions ...... 34 4.2.4 Initial cost estimates of the sub-project ...... 35 4.2.5 Socio-economic profile ...... 38 4.2.6 Environmental assessment ...... 41 4.2.7 Agriculture ...... 42

4.3 SRI TOI STORAGE DAM IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT ...... 51 4.3.1 Area of sub-project ...... 51 4.3.2 Physical characteristics ...... 51 4.3.3 Proposed interventions ...... 52 4.3.4 Socioeconomic Profile ...... 53 4.3.5 Environmental assessment ...... 57 4.3.6 Agriculture ...... 58 4.3.7 Initial cost estimates ...... 59 4.3.8 Conclusions and recommendations ...... 59

4.4 KILLI SARDAR AKHTER PERENNIAL IRRIGATION AND FLOOD SUB-PROJECT ...... 65 4.4.1 Area of sub-project ...... 65 4.4.2 Physical characteristics ...... 65 4.4.3 Proposed interventions ...... 66 4.4.4 Socio-economic profile ...... 67 4.4.5 IR and IP screening ...... 67 4.4.6 Environment assessment ...... 70 4.4.7 Agriculture ...... 72 APPENDIX I: AHMEDZAI PERENNIAL AND FLOOD IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT ...... 78 APPENDIX II: SABAKZAI IRRIGATION REHABILITATION SUB-PROJECT ...... 81 APPENDIX III: SIRI TOI STORAGE DAM IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT ...... 84 APPENDIX IV: KILLI SARDAR AKHTER PERENNIAL IRRIGATION SUB-PROJECT ..... 87 APPENDIX V: WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS AT SUB-PROJECTS OF ZHOB RIVER BASIN ...... 90 APPENDIX VI: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF SUB-PROJECTS ...... 95 APPENDIX VII: REPORT ON COMPLAINT OVER SIRI TOI/ TANGI WAR DAM CORE SUB-PROJE CT ...... 103 iv

List of Tables

Table 1: Water balance available in the current scenario of Zhob River Basin ...... 2 Table 2: Schedule I water sector projects requiring an IEE ...... 11 Table 3: Schedule II water sector projects requiring an EIA ...... 11 Table 4: Balance water available in current scenario for Zhob River basin ...... 13 Table 5: Water available for potential sub-projects in Zhob river basin ...... 13 Table 6: Water balance of Zhob River basin in post-BWRDP and post-pipeline sub-projects ...... 14 Table 7: Land use wise area under four sub-projects of Zhob River basin (ha) ...... 15 Table 8: Reasons for Never Attending School (10-18 Years) in 2005-06 - % ...... 16 Table 9: Environmental categorization of sub-projects in Zhob River basin ...... 17 Table 10: Design features of the four sub-projects in the Zhob River basin ...... 18 Table 11: Estimated cost and target of selected sub-projects in Zhob River basin ...... 18 Table 12: Summary of economic parameters of sub-projects in Zhob River basin ...... 20 Table 13: Economic analysis of selected sub-projects [Legend: FIRR & EIRR Financial and Economic internal rate of return] ...... 20 Table 14: Salient Features – Ahmad Zai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project ...... 22 Table 15: Initial cost estimate – Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project ...... 23 Table 16: Demography of Ahmadzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project Area ...... 23 Table 17 Areal Mean Annual Rainfall in mm- Zhob River Basin (1980-2014) ...... 23 Table 18: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist ...... 25 Table 19: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form ...... 26 Table 20: Schedule I water sector projects requiring an IEE ...... 27 Table 21: Checklist for Ahmedzai irrigation sub-project ...... 27 Table 22: Right bank canal details ...... 34 Table 23: Salient features - Sabakzai command area development sub-project...... 35 Table 24: Initial cost estimate for infrastructure of Sabakzai dam sub-project ...... 35 Table 25: Demographic details of sub-project ...... 38 Table 26: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist ...... 39 Table 27: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form ...... 40 Table 28: Schedule I Water Sector Projects requiring an IEE ...... 41 Table 29: Environmental checklist for irrigation - Sabakzai command area development sub- project ...... 41 Table 30: Salient features - Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project ...... 53 Table 31: Name of villages, total households and population in Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project ...... 53 Table 32: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist ...... 54 Table 33: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form ...... 55 Table 34: Schedule II water sector projects requiring an EIA ...... 57 Table 35: Screening questions for environmental assessment ...... 57 Table 36: Initial cost estimate for Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project ...... 59 Table 37: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project - salient features ...... 66 Table 38: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project - initial cost estimate ...... 67 Table 39: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project - demographic details ...... 67 Table 40: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist ...... 68 Table 41: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form ...... 68 Table 42: Schedule I of water sector projects requiring an IEE ...... 70 Table 43: Screening questions for environmental assessment ...... 70

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List of Figures Figure 1: Location and spatial spread of 4 sub-projects in the Zhob River basin ...... 5 Figure 2: Illustrating channel from infiltration gallery, damaged right wall of the weir and crest of weir structure ...... 22 Figure 3: Layout plan of Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project ...... 30 Figure 4: Channel typical cross sections ...... 31 Figure 5: Layout plan of Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project ...... 32 Figure 6: Schematic map of Sabakzai dam ...... 33 Figure 7: Layout plan of the Subakzai dam and command area ...... 36 Figure 8: Layout of cross section of open channel in cut and fill areas in Sabakzai dam ..... 37 Figure 9: Layout of the existing Sabakzai dam project (Source: Irrigation Dept. Zhob) ...... 43 Figure 10: Sabakzai dam body and reservoir ...... 43 Figure 11: Sabakzai dam and spillway crest (left) and chute (right) ...... 44 Figure 12: Sabakzai dam intake tower ...... 44 Figure 13: - Sabakzai dam outlet works from dam top (left) and dam toe (right) ...... 44 Figure 14: - Sabakzai dam - bifurcation structure for main canal ...... 45 Figure 15: - Sabakzai dam - Damaged canal in tail command area ...... 45 Figure 16: Sabakzai dam - outlet from main canal constructed in 2012 ...... 46 Figure 17: Sabakzai dam - existing main canal and outlet canal (left) and drop structure (right) ...... 46 Figure 18: Sabakzai dam - under-sized aqueduct of main canal ...... 47 Figure 19: Sabakzai dam - under-sized aqueduct of main canal ...... 47 Figure 20: Sabakzai dam - manhole for under-ground conduit; top view of man-hole (inset)48 Figure 21: Sabakzai dam - existing command area and drying of red chilies ...... 48 Figure 22: Sabakzai dam’s command area ...... 49 Figure 23: Sabakzai dam - Discussion with community in command area ...... 49 Figure 24: Sabakzai dam - view of Sabakzai main canal and Sawar weir ...... 50 Figure 25: Sabakzai dam - view of Sawar weir ...... 50 Figure 26: Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project – layout plan ...... 60 Figure 27: Earth fill dam - typical section ...... 61 Figure 28: Channel typical sections ...... 62 Figure 29: Typical fall structure ...... 63 Figure 30: Time division structure ...... 64 Figure 31: Killi Sardar Akhtar – existing unlined channel from a spring source (left); location of proposed infiltration gallery (center); existing command area (right) ...... 66 Figure 32: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project – layout plan ...... 73 Figure 33: Infiltration gallery – plan and sections ...... 74 Figure 34: Water channel typical sections ...... 75 Figure 35: Typical fall structure ...... 76 Figure 36: Time division structure ...... 77 vi

Acronyms

ADB Asian Development Bank BWRDP Balochistan Water Resources Development Project BID Balochistan Irrigation Department CFSR Climate Forecast System Reanalysis CN Curve Number DEM Digital Elevation Model EA Executing Agency ET Evapotranspiration FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FDRM Flood and Drought Risk Management GOB Government of Balochistan Irrigation Department GIS Geographical Information System GLC Global Land Cover HRUs Hydrologic Response Units HWSD Harmonized World Soil Data IRBM Integrated River Basin Management IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management MCM Million Cubic Meter PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance SCS Soil Conservation Services SOLAWC Soil Available Water Capacity SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SWAT Soil and Water Assessment Tool TA Technical Assistance TCI Techno Consult International USDA-ARS United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Services WRPDM Water Resources Planning Development & Monitoring Directorate

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1 Introduction 1.1 Background of BWRDP and the PPTA Assignment

Balochistan is an arid region characterized by low rainfall and frequent dry spells and persistent droughts. The scarcity of water is one of the most critical issues of Balochistan. Despite being the country’s largest province in terms of geographical area, Balochistan is facing acute water scarcity. The increase in population and demand for economic development has resulted in indiscriminate abstraction of groundwater, which is only 9% of total water resource available in Balochistan. Now deep groundwater is being used through drilling of tubewells up to a depth of 300 m and water table is lowering at a rate of 2-6 m per annum. The lowering of water table and groundwater depletion is basin specific and even within basin, some of sub-basins outside national electric grid have potential for further development of groundwater. Situation is rather critical in basins within national electric grid, where water table is lowering at a rapid rate and depletion is posing serious concerns.

The Government of Balochistan (GoB) intends to address issue of water scarcity and management of scarce water resources in fragile environments of the province in an integrated manner and at same time develop new livelihoods using available surface water resources. This will reduce dependence on scarce and diminishing groundwater resources with support of Asian Development Bank (ADB) through formulation of Balochistan Water Resources Development Project (BWRDP) for the Zhob and Mula river basins.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has signed a contract with Techno Consult International (TCI) for implementation of project preparatory technical assistance under the ADB PPTA-8800 (PAK) for BWRDP under guidance of GoB through Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan (GoP). The Balochistan Irrigation Department (BID) is executing agency (EA) and On-farm Water Management (OFWM) Directorate General of the Balochistan Agriculture and Cooperative Department (ACD) is implementing agency (IA). The roles of both EA and IA are well defined in BWRDP TA Concept Note.

The indicative outcome of BWRDP is to improve land and water resources, agricultural production and farm income of 7559 rural households by: (i) bringing 5927 ha of new lands under cultivation; (ii) improving 9893 ha of existing irrigated lands in terms of land and water; and (iii) protecting 4410 ha of watersheds; and (iv) 130 ha of high value agriculture on solar-powered drip irrigation. The project will: (a) construct a new water storage dam and Spate irrigation sub-projects (floodwater); (b) improve 276 km of canals, drains, and Karez (subsurface water channels); (c) develop a satellite-based water information system; and (d) build capacity of the local communities, the ID and ACD.

1.2 Selected River Basins and Potential Sub-Projects

In the beginning of PPTA Assignment, EA identified four river basins (Hingol, Pishin, Mula and Zhob) for selection of two potential river basins, where process for pre-feasibility of sub-projects can be initiated. Therefore, a basin selection criteria referred as Stage #1 criteria was developed [for details see Report on the Basin and Sub-project Selection Process and Criteria]. Out of the four river basins, Zhob and Mula river basins were selected for the pre-feasibility and feasibility studies.

Based on five stage criteria developed, within Zhob River basin four stage process (from Stage #2 to Stage #5) for selection of sub-projects for pre-feasibility and feasibility was developed [for details see Report on the Basin and Sub-project Selection Process and Criteria]. Finally, following four sub-projects were selected for conduct of pre-feasibility in Zhob River basin:  Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation  Sabakzai dam’s command area development  Sri Toi water storage dam and irrigation  Killi Sardar Akhter - perennial and flood irrigation 2

Pre-feasibility report covered 4 sub-projects and farmers’ managed irrigation small sub-projects of Zhob River basin, which along with sub-projects of Mula river basin would constitute BWRDP. The cost of high ranking 9 sub-projects from Zhob and Mula river basins for BWRDP is US$ 93.30 million, whereas cost of 4 sub-projects including farmers’ managed irrigation sub-projects for Zhob River basin is US$ 62.84 million.

From selected 4 sub-projects of Zhob River basin, Siri-Toi water storage dam core sub-project was for feasibility and engineering design.

1.3 Zhob River Basin

Zhob River basin starts near Kan Mehterzai hills, about 70 kms north-east of Quetta and runs through plains of Qila Saifullah and drains into Gomal river towards north-east, which ultimately joins Indus river. Total length of Zhob River is 406 km and elevation ranges between 3077 to 704 m from head to tail. The catchment area of basin is about 16,173 km2. Zhob River basin has adjacent boundaries of Kundar river basin in the north, Nari river basin in the south, Kaha river basin in the east and Pishin-Lora basin in the west. The estimated mean annual water availability in Zhob River basin is around 457 MCM [for details see Report on the Water Balance Study].

The climate of Zhob River basin is arid, sub-tropical continental with average annual rainfall varying from 200 mm (in south-west) to 400 mm (in north-east) per annum. Part of basin lies within monsoon belt and also receives rainfall from westerly disturbances. Winters are extremely cold with temperature falling below freezing point and high speed winds from Siberia. Areas in Kan Mehterzai and Muslim Bagh experience snowfall. Summer starts in April and ends in September. Summers are hot and temperatures soar as high as 40 °C.

The Zhob River basin consists of several tribal clans and sub-clans. These included Jogazai, Kakar Mandokhales, Jalazai, Mullazai, Pukhezai, Ghurzai and Kabzai. Pushto, Dari and Persian are three major languages in basin but Urdu is also spoken and understood in areas nearby cities within or close to basin such as Muslim Bag, Qila Saifullah and Zhob.

1.4 Potential for Water Resources Development in Zhob River Basin

A comprehensive study on ‘Water Balance’ was undertaken in PPTA Assignment, which indicated that water resources of Zhob River basin largely comprised of surface and groundwater resources. The availability of surface water was estimated using ArcSWAT Model and comprised of internally generated runoff and base flow, as two components of surface water. Surface water and groundwater availability was assessed at sub-basin level using 50% probable rainfall because there was extremely high climatic variability in incident rainfall [for details see Report of the ‘Water Balance Study’]. The surface water availability was estimated at level of sub-project.

Balance water available in current scenario for Zhob River basin was estimated and presented in Table 1. The balance water available for future development indicated that there is an ample potential available for water development in basin. However, groundwater is overdrawn in some of sub-basins especially in areas having access to national electric grid, whereas some of sub-basins still have potential for development of groundwater in non- grid areas. Table 1: Water balance available in the current scenario of Zhob River Basin Water Water availability (MCM) Water Use Net Water Available Resource (MCM) (MCM) Surface Water 457 123 334 Groundwater 210 343 -133

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1.5 PPTA Scope of Services

The general scope of services of PPTA- BWRDP covers (a) rapid assessment of four rivers basins and selection of two rivers basins through screening, ranking and prioritization; (b) detailed assessment of selected two rivers basins; (c) preparing feasible subprojects within selected basins; and (d) developing detailed feasibility of high potential 2-3 core sub- projects for implementation. The specific scopes of services are as follows: i collect all relevant available sectoral information including GoB’s development and investment plans, prefeasibility and feasibility studies, literature and other secondary data on water availability, uses and management; ii collect and provide all water related information that are required to develop satellite- based water information system for Balochistan; iii conduct desk study on agriculture, natural resources and rural development (ANR) sector’s situation analysis regarding social, economic and environmental water uses and its management and identify gaps; iv conduct rapid assessment of four rivers basins, develop screening, ranking and selection criteria for the potential river basins and in consultation with GoB and other main stakeholders and using criteria select two main rivers basins for detailed assessment; v conduct hydrological studies at basin scales using water balance approach including flows, floods, sediment and water use analysis; vi review water resource development and investment plans, policy, water strategy and institutional efficiency; vii assess procurement, financial management, safeguards and implementation capacities of ID, ACD and GoB following ADB relevant guidelines; viii based on above submit inception report indicating analysis, gaps, needs and remedy as well as directions for further study; ix identify potential projects/subprojects within selected basins and screen and rank them; x carryout all type of surveys including topographic, soil and water quality, agriculture, water uses, social and gender, resettlement, environment and geotechnical investigations as needed; xi conduct detailed hydrological study on water availability for different probabilities, estimation of floods, and water diversion and drainage requirement as well as flood related studies for cross-drainage works as per need; xii carryout climate change impact and vulnerability assessment in general and two basins in specific and suggest adaptation and/or mitigation measures, if any and associated cost; xiii prepare preliminary design, estimate cost and benefits and conduct economic and financial analysis of individual subprojects as well as for each basin-scale; xiv prepare environmental assessment for review and resettlement frameworks; xv bundle sub-projects into sizeable, manageable and feasible core projects within the river basins; xvi select top ranking 2-3 core sub-projects of about $40-$50 million, conduct engineering design and detailed feasibility, prepare contract packages and bidding document; xvii prepare land acquisition and resettlement plan, gender action plan, environmental impact assessment of core sub-projects; xviii feasibility studies of potential core subprojects within two selected river basins. The feasibility study will cover technical, economic and financial, safeguards, climate change, and governance related issues. xix prepare PC-1 for each core subproject; xx assess EA’s capacity in financial management including integrity (money laundering and financing from terrorism), safeguards, procurement and implementation; xxi conduct due diligence and assist the EA and ADB in loan processing and preparation of relevant documents; 4

xxii prepare ToRs and implementation plan with timeframe, and recruit sub-contractors as required. xxiii incorporate recommendations made by the Satellite-based water information system team in the final report.

1.6 Outline of the Report

Pre-Feasibility report comprised of four Chapters including Introduction, Methodology, Study Results at basin level and study results for sub-projects. In Introduction chapter, project background is presented along with an introduction to Zhob River basin and its salient features. The Methodology Chapter presents approach and methodology used for the conduct of various studies and investigations including sub-project selection process and criteria, water balance, soil and water quality, agriculture, climate change adaptations, environmental aspects, engineering studies, and financial and economic analysis. Results are presented in two Chapter. Chapter #3 presents the results of pre- feasibility studies carried out at basin level, whereas in Chapter #4 results of individual 4 sub-projects are presented including preliminary layout and designs, economic and financial analysis, etc.

The location and spatial spread of the 4 high ranking sub-projects selected for pre- feasibility study are presented in Figure 1. 5

Figure 1: Location and spatial spread of 4 sub-projects in the Zhob River basin

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2 Methodology

This Chapter provides information about approach and methodology used for conduct of surveys, investigations and studies under pre-feasibility of 4 sub-projects in Zhob River basin.

2.1 Option Study – Selection of River Basin and Sub-projects

The selection of river basin and potential sub-projects for feasibility was based on 5 - stage selection process and criteria [for details see the Report on ‘Basin and Sub-projects Selection Process and Criteria’]. The five stages of selection process are:  Stage 1: Selection of two potential river basins – EA identified four river basins out of which two potential river basins need to be selected based on availability of water and land for development of irrigation sub-projects. The criteria of investments made in river basins in last decade was also selected so that equity in distribution of benefits to communities could be maintained.  Stage 2: Shortlisting of possible sub-projects from a longlist of sub-projects prepared – The stage #2 process started with collection of data of sub-projects from EA and IA. These sub-projects were documented into a longlist comprising of 168 sub- projects for Zhob River basin. Out of these sub-projects those having potential necessity of developing irrigated agriculture were selected and constituted in a shortlist.  Stage 3: Selection of potential sub-projects from shortlist – In this stage, a detailed study was conducted using available data for shortlisted sub-projects using GIS and remotely sensed data by use of ArcSWAT Model for assessment of water availability at sub-project level. Through this stage three criteria were used comprising of water availability using the Model, available land from GIS/RS data and ratio of command and catchment area.  Stage 4: Selection of sub-projects from potential sub-projects – In this stage detailed integrated surveys, initial field investigations by engineering and agricultural specialists were undertaken. Based on a detailed and comprehensive selection criteria of water availability, land availability, number of households, willingness of communities, agriculture, soil, and economic and financial analysis of four sub-projects worth of US$ 62.84 million were selected.  Stage 5: Pre-Feasibility of sub-projects and selection of core sub-project – Out of potential sub-projects, four high ranking sub-projects were selected for pre-feasibility and initial design. Out of these four sub-projects, one sub-project of Siri Toi water storage dam including irrigation works worth of US$ 51.86 million was selected for conducting feasibility.

2.2 LAR and Social Reconnaissance/Screening Surveys

The 1Sub-Consultant of PPTA carried out reconnaissance surveys of 39 shortlisted schemes by using FGD approach covering common aspects in terms of: a) Revenue villages and settlements; b) scheme households; b) household and total population; c) education and health facilities; d) surface and groundwater resources; e) water supply and sanitation; f) water availability; g) land ownership and entitlements; h) water rights; i) social conflicts and conflicts on water; j) water and land availability; k) distribution of land owners and landless; l) livestock owners and land and livestock owners; m) community willingness to participate and organize themselves in different Farmer’s Organizations (FOs)/Water User Associations

1 As per TOR of the PPTA Consultant, the PPTA Consultant hired the services of the Sub-Consultant to undertake the required Socio-Economic and resettlement surveys of the potential as well as selected sub- projects. 7

(WUAs) in line with WUA Act, BIDA Act and CIFO Regulations (i.e. watershed, command area, khushkaba farming, etc.); cost-sharing in scheme development; n) ready to take over O&M activity; o) ready to permit Warabandi (water schedule) under the 2new command area; and p) issues faced and potential for water development and management and/or livelihood in potential schemes (20-30 sub-projects).

2.2.1 Community Consultations

Meaningful consultation was carried out at reconnaissance stage and after completing design layout, community consultations were organized to share pre-feasibility and design layout with community to seek their willingness regarding pre-feasibility and initial design of sub-project. The community was appraised regarding strengths and limitation of sub-project regarding availability of water and size of command area. The water distribution procedures including Warabandi system and allocation of water at level of sub-project were also discussed.

The issues related to water rights and land tenure were discussed with community and their willingness to share cost in some of interventions was also ensured. Finally, community as a whole was asked to ensure acceptance of layout and design of sub-project. In all four sub-projects included in BWRDP from Zhob River Basin, there was no conflict on land and water.

Meaningful consultation as per ADB-SPS was carried out; (a) once at reconnaissance stage; and (b) second during detailed socio-economic baseline surveys. The second round of public consultations are substantiated with date, location and name of participants, their signatures/thumb impression and views. The outputs/results of these consultations will be reflected in PPTA under progress umbrella report i.e. “Poverty, Social & Gender Assessment”.

2.2.2 IR& IP Screening Surveys

Involuntary resettlement (IR) and indigenous people (IP) surveys as per ADB-SPS guidelines and standard checklists was carried out to assess categorization of sub-projects.

2.3 Field Surveys and Investigations by the Design Team

Field surveys and investigations were carried out for each sub-project site by team of engineers, agriculture and watershed specialists and topographic surveyors to collect preliminary information required for pre-feasibility, and layout and design of each of sub- project. Engineering surveys of initially selected sub-projects were conducted to assess the topography, geology, water sources, accessibility, agriculture potential, and existing structures. Typical features and suitability of each site was evaluated based on the evaluation, the sub-project was categorized.

The aspects covered for every sub-project during surveys are: existing infrastructure, feasible site location(s) for proposed intervention, appraisal of topographical constraints and agriculture potential, and assessment of available water at sub-project source. The site suitable for development of water source was surveyed to explore possible options for layout and design of water development at site. The alternative options were discussed with community and EA engineers and on the basis of source development plan, a sub-project was categorized as perennial irrigation or flood irrigation sub-project or sub-project having water from both perennial and flood sources.

2 The concept of new command area is perceived wherever; the irrigation system does not exist and the area was not under command of any irrigation infrastructure. 8

On the basis of intervention type, four types of sub-projects were considered and selected for: storage dams, diversion weirs, off-take wells and infiltration galleries. The sub- projects mostly cover development of new command area and existing commands. Integrated land use including new command area, existing commands, watershed area, and khushkaba farming were assessed within a sub-project. Demarcation of command area and watershed area was done with help of engineering surveys and terrain analysis using GIS based imagery such as ‘digital elevation model’ (DEM). In each of sub-project, new and existing command area development, watershed management and khushkaba farming interventions were designed.

2.4 Water Assessment and Water Balance at the Sub-project Level

Surface water comprising of internally generated runoff and base flow and groundwater (in terms of recharge) were assessed using Arc-SWAT model [for details see ‘Water Balance Report’]. The surface water and groundwater availability at sub-basin level was estimated using 50% probable rainfall. Arc-SWAT model for Zhob River basin was setup for a period of 36 years using data from 1979 to 2014, considering warm-up period of one year. It was calibrated using flow data of Mir Ali Khail gauge station, located near basin outlet, which represented flows from entire basin. Gaps in rainfall data were filled using CFSR data. Climatic data including solar radiation, humidity and wind speed was obtained from CFSR for use in the Model. Arc-SWAT Model provided an overall representation of water balance with details of each hydrological component in proportion to total rainfall on daily time steps, which can also be reported on monthly and annual basis.

Current water demand was estimated to determine potential water at basin level. Major sub-sectors of water use considered to estimate current water use are: agriculture; domestic; livestock; industrial and commercial; and minimal environmental flows. Agriculture is the largest user of water in the basin.

For pre-feasibility studies, surface water availability for each sub-project was estimated using ArcSWAT model. The results from model were compared with measured flows collected by EA and verified using float method by engineering team in each of sub- project – only one-time measurement. The historical flows data collected by EA was also used to calibrate the Model.

2.5 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations

The impacts of climate change in terms of flash floods or droughts were assessed with a view to adaptation strategies for ameliorating anticipated damages expected with climate change together with a study, undertaken in PPTA assignment at basin and sub- project levels. From hydrological modeling undertaken at basin level for wet and dry years for selected climatic parameters and vulnerability analysis, it has been assessed that river basins would remain in hydrological equilibrium through management of natural resources and conversion to irrigated agriculture. The future climatic trends using ‘global circulation model’ (GCM) data were also established.

Briefly describing the historic data analysis for Zhob watershed, results showed an increasing trend in maximum temperatures as well as an increase in frequency of droughts. The potential changes in climate can cause multiple effects on watersheds. Since Zhob watershed anticipates droughts in future, it will be beneficial to build more water storage reservoirs to capture water for adaptive future use.

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The proposed engineering measures were considered and duly incorporated during planning and design of all sub-projects. Adaptive strategy and measures should keep in view that water users and famers will adopt measures which suit to their interest or having more profit. Their interest is not in adoption to climate change impacts rather to attain and sustain higher levels of productivity and profitability. Therefore, measures in relation to crops, cropping pattern and land use practices can’t be dictated rather market forces will determine best choices and farmers will adjust their preferences with market pull.

2.6 Existing and Proposed Design of Irrigated Agriculture

In integrated field surveys and surveys conducted by the survey team, the Agricultural Specialist and his team collected information related to crops, cropping patterns and cropping intensity. In addition, baseline information was collected regarding productivity and economics of crop production in the context of developing farm budgets by the Economist.

Based on existing cropping pattern and cropping intensity, analysis was conducted for gross irrigation water demand for command area. Based on water demand and total water availability at head, design cropping intensity was formulated. The interventions related to various activities at farm and command level are:  Command area development covering: a) improvement and lining of main watercourse; b) farm and field layout using surface irrigation hydraulics; c) precision land levelling including Laser land levelling; d) installation of Nakkas, culverts, etc.  Katcha tracks3 in the command area roads to transport products to nearby paved roads  Warabandi schedule for sub-project and water allocation time for each of farm  Strengthening of local service providers (selected existing tractor rentals) for provision of services in land leveling, planting on beds and irrigation in furrows, harvesting, threshing, etc.  Strengthening of supply providers to supply quality inputs to farmers at fair prices and linkages with national companies  Integrated land use for watershed covering forest plants, arid fruit plants, shrubs and forages  Improvement of khushkaba farming and design of runoff farming to enhance input of localized runoff to increase availability of water to crops, plants, shrubs and grasses  Integrated land use for watersheds covering forest plants, arid fruit plants, shrubs and forages under micro-catchments and storage of runoff in-situ

2.7 Land Capability Assessment and Soil and Water Quality

Soil studies were carried out in field based on soil characteristics like soil texture, soil color, soil thickness of horizons/layers and pH according to Soil Survey Manual (USDA Handbook 18). Soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Besides prescribed soil descriptions based on field and laboratory results, further studies were carried out and soils were grouped according to soil taxonomy (United States Department of Agriculture, USDA - 2015). Soil taxonomic grouping was carried out to assess land suitability for various crops largely based on soil depth. Depth is an important function for selection of shallow and deep- rooted crops. The other factors regarding design cropping pattern are: a) farmers preferences to ensure food security and cash crop to earn livelihood; and b) market demand so that farmer can sell in produce in the market at a price to earn profit and optimize profit margins.

3 Katcha Track is an unpaved road and it could be either new construction or rehabilitation depend on the sub- project. 10

Water samples were collected from selected sub-projects and analyzed in for pH, soluble salts, cations, anions and RSC.

Best practices were developed in relation to overall objectives of BWRDP to enhance income of household through enhanced productivity and production.

2.8 Initial Engineering Design of Sub-Projects

Initial engineering design of sub-projects is based on water availability, site topographical parameters, geological and geotechnical aspects, command area constraints and farmers’ willingness. The design layout included source development options and its initial design, irrigation distribution network along with hydraulic and social structures. The intervention types considered include: storage dams, diversion weirs and off-take wells. The hydraulic design was followed for initial structural designs to prepare layout drawings and effective estimation of bill of quantities to compute infrastructure cost. This information was provided to Economist for detailed economic and financial analysis.

The water conveyance system for command area is planned as a network of canals, watercourses and field channels. The canal design is based largely on topography, water demand, layout of command area and highest elevation in command area. Cross drainage structures where necessary, are designed and cited in initial design.

2.9 Existing and Proposed Cropping Pattern

Baseline surveys were conducted while undertaking integrated field surveys and investigations made by Agriculture Specialist and Agricultural Engineer. These surveys provided information regarding crops and cropping pattern in each sub-project selected for pre-feasibility. Based on existing cropping patterns, farmers’ preferences and options available for introducing high value crops a design cropping pattern was developed. During community consultations, design cropping pattern was shared with farmers in selected sub- projects and their willingness and acceptance was ensured.

2.10 Existing and Proposed Cropping Intensity

The baseline surveys provided information regarding crops and cropped area under both rabi and kharif seasons. Based on existing crops and cropping patterns, cropping intensity was computed for both crop seasons. Cropping intensity in a given season is computed using cropped area under a given sub-project or farm divided by command area or farm area. Multiplying this with 100, one gets cropping intensity in percent. Adding seasonal cropping intensity, cropping intensity on annual basis was computed at sub-project level. During the community consultations the design cropping intensity was shared with farmers in selected sub-projects and their willingness and acceptance was ensured.

2.11 Water Rights and Land Tenure

During Phase-I of integrated field surveys, data regarding water rights and land tenure was collected. The checklist also included allocation rules and time of Warabandi. The water availability and design command area information was shared with community during consultation and their acceptance to develop Warabandi at sub-project level instead of their existing water rights. The water rights will be established based on land within command area which would receive water for irrigation. The community was categorically asked to ensure their acceptance on this important aspect. As per GoP’s criteria, subprojects or standalone projects are screened according to type, location, scale, and sensitivity and 11

magnitude of their potential environmental impacts, including direct, indirect, induced, and cumulative impacts. Sub-Project or standalone Projects are classified into four categories: Category A. A proposed project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than sites or facilities subject to physical works. EIA and EMP are required. Category B. The proposed project’s potential adverse environmental impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category ‘A’ projects. IEE including an EMP are required. Category C. A proposed project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. EIA or IEE are not required, although environmental implications need to be reviewed. Category FI. A proposed project involves investment of ADB funds to or through a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply and maintain an environmental and social management system, unless all of financial intermediary's business activities have minimal or no environmental impacts or risks.

Accordingly, an environmental assessment using Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (Amended 2013), IEE and EIA for Irrigation, as given in Tables 2 and 3 was conducted. The environmental assessment requirements of Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (Amended 2013) are different from those of ADB. GoB environmental regulations categorize development projects into two schedules, according to their anticipated potential environmental impact. The proponents of projects with potential for more adverse environmental impacts (Schedule II) are required to submit an EIA. While, for proponents of projects with potential for less environmental impact (Schedule I), must submit an IEE with respective environmental protection agency (EPA). The Schedules area as follows: Table 2: Schedule I water sector projects requiring an IEE Water management, dams, irrigation and Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 flood protection million m3 or surface area less than 8 km2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 50,000 ha. Small- scale irrigation systems with total cost of less than Rs. 50 million. Table 3: Schedule II water sector projects requiring an EIA Water management, dams, irrigation and Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of 50 million m3 flood protection and above or surface area of 8 km2 and above. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 50,000 ha and above. Environmentally Sensitive Areas All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas

According to regulations, if sub-project situated near environmentally sensitive area and cost as per conceptual design is greater than Rs. 50 million then EIA is required.

2.12 Rapid Environmental Assessment

ADB requires consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of Bank’s operations. The requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Environmental assessment at basin level was undertaken using ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist for irrigation including four selected sub-projects for pre-feasibility.

2.13 Engineering Estimates

After layout and initial structural design of infrastructure of a selected sub-project, a detailed Bill of Quantities (BOQ) was prepared. Rate analysis was carried out for major items of BOQ to find prevailing rates in basin and at sub-project level in Balochistan. For this 12

purpose, prevailing market rates were used and compared with similar projects to establish item rates used for preparation of cost estimates. Typical rates for various structures have been adopted, which are based on market rates for labor and construction material in a given sub-project. Engineering estimates were developed for each sub-project using layout and standard designs for computation of detailed BOQs and markets rates. The infrastructure cost was provided to Economist for detailed economic and financial analysis at sub-project level.

2.14 Economic and Financial Analysis

The economic and financial analysis was carried out using economic and financial prices under price datum, exchange rate and standard conversion factor (SCF) parameters. The financial prices were shadow priced to remove distortions on account of taxes and subsidies as well as shortages or surpluses of labor and materials. Based on component wise agronomic data related to present and future cropping intensity, crop yields and associated crop inputs, crop budgets under “with sub-project” and “without sub-project” scenarios of economic and financial; prices were prepared. Gross value production, cost of production, net value production and incremental benefits were computed by multiplying respective acreage under “without” and “with” sub-project scenarios.

Total economic benefits comprised of two elements: livestock and crops benefits. The stream of total economic benefits was constructed until year 30. It is important to mention that individual components of benefits stream showed increase in view of annual rate of growth of human and animal population, which was taken as 2.3 and 2.9 percent, respectively. Due to higher levels of human population and livestock population, benefits are projected over 30 years’ time period of project time horizon. The benefit stream gone up over time in view of increase in human population, animal population and irrigated crop income all of which were rising annually.

Data on current cropping patterns, cropping intensities, crop yields and by-products, and farm gate prices were collected under various surveys including integrated surveys:  Interactive group dialogues at sub-project level using a pre-tested checklist;  Semi-structured interviews using a sample size of 35% of total households for socio- economic baseline and other indicators.

Based on the outcome of the integrated field surveys, the quantified benefits of various land uses at each sub-project were estimated covering: irrigated commands; watersheds and groundwater recharge; and Khushkaba farming. The implementation of sub- project would result in increased crop production, by having increase in cropping intensity from as low as 40% to 120% and improvement in yield per acre. The benefits from forest, arid fruits and forages were also taken in to account. Moreover, economic analysis of selected sub-projects was carried out by translating benefits into monetary terms. To be realistic, sub-project returns were assessed at their true value to national economy rather than more profitability to farmer.

The IRR was estimated through cost and benefits streams, calculating net cash flow and using IRR function to calculate IRR. Two sets of sub-project benefits data were used and calculated at financial and economic prices. 13

3 Study Results – Zhob River Basin 3.1 Current Water Balance of Zhob River Basin

Balance water available in current scenario for Zhob River basin is presented in Table 4. The model results along with water balance computations are presented in ‘Water Balance Report for Zhob and Mula river basins’.

Table 4: Balance water available in current scenario for Zhob River basin Source of Water Water availability Water Use Balance Water (MCM) (MCM) Available (MCM) Surface Water 457 123 334 Groundwater 210 343 -133

3.2 Selected Sub-Projects

Based on five stage selection process, following four sub-projects, valued at US$ 62.84 million were selected for pre-feasibility study:  Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation  Sabakzai dam’s command area development  Sri Toi water storage dam and irrigation  Killi Sardar Akhter - perennial and flood irrigation

Siri-Toi water storage dam, valued at US$ 51.86 million was selected as core sub- project from selected four sub-projects. Feasibility and engineering design will be carried out for core sub-projects, and will be duly submitted in a subsequent report. The details of pre- Feasibility studies for four sub-projects are presented in Chapter #4. The summary of pre- feasibility results at basin level are presented in following sections.

3.3 Water Availability of Potential Sub-Projects

The available water at sub-project level estimated using catchment area in Arc SWAT Model is given in Table 5.

Table 5: Water available for potential sub-projects in Zhob river basin Surface Water Availability No Sub-project Name (MCM)* 1 Badinzai Storage Dam 291.07 2 Ghazlai Multipurpose Storage Dam 4.92 3 Khatol Kot PIS 381.98 4 Killi Sardar Akhter - Perennial and Flood Irrigation 2.94 5 Kozh Kach Irrigation Sub-project 3.65 6 Manzaki Irrigation Subproject 7.60 7 Nawar Storage Dam and Irrigation 7.05 8 Sarob Flood Irrigation 1.74 9 Sharan Jogzai Storage Dam 2.34 10 Sri Toi Storage Dam and Irrigation 39.79 11 Waltoi Storage Dam 12.37 12 Ahmedzai Perennial and Flood Irrigation 7.41 13 Sabakzai Dam’s Command Area Development 18.1 14 Brunj PIS 143.00

Selected sub-projects

14

*NOTE: The values in the table shows the gross water available at a particular subproject location. However, the proposed water use at any location will decrease the water available at downstream locations. Accordingly, an integrated approach has been adopted for proposing water use at each sub-project location

3.4 Water Required for Development of Sub-projects in BWRDP and Other Pipeline Sub-projects

Water required to irrigate new command area of selected four sub-projects was estimated around 33.11 MCM based on design cropping intensity of 120%. Other pipeline water storage dams in the basin are Khurasan, Gat Shalezai Gravity and Yasini. Water required to irrigate command areas of these three dams was estimated as 9 MCM. In the post-BWRDP scenario, as per water balance, surface water availability in the basin will be around 457 MCM and net withdrawal will be around 172 MCM. Therefore, balance water available in the post-BWRDP scenario will be around 284 MCM, which is sufficient for maintaining environmental flows and continue to contribute to the Gomal Zam dam, as the Zhob River is a trans-provincial river (Table 6).

Table 6: Water balance of Zhob River basin in post-BWRDP and post-pipeline sub- projects Parameter Water Availability/Use (MCM) Water Available (surface) 457 Water use – Existing 123 Water use - sub-projects (proposed) 33.11 Water use – pipeline projects 9 Total Water Use in post-BWRDP and post-pipeline Sub-projects 165.11 Net Water Available in post-BWRDP and post-pipelines Sub-projects 291.86

3.5 Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations

Based on revised climate change study report:  Climatic trends quantified using statistics and modeling yields variety of results. The results show some similarities as well as discrepancies among parameters, both spatially and temporally. Results of historic data analysis showed an increasing trend in maximum temperature throughout in Zhob watershed as well as an increase in frequency of droughts. The future climatic trends using GCM data are under progress.  Potential changes in climate can cause multiple effects on watersheds. Zhob watershed is expected to face more frequent drought spells. Frequent drought conditions require measures to effectively store and use limited amount of water.

3.6 Agriculture and Watersheds

Command area development has been included as an integral part of all sub-projects which includes: a) watercourse improvement and lining; b) precision land levelling; c) farm and field layout using surface irrigation hydraulics; d) unpaved roads for disposal of produce; e) service and supply providers and strengthening; f) productivity enhancement demonstrations; and g) social organization and capacity building of male and women organizations.

Watershed development activities under a sub-project included development of earthen micro-catchments (eyebrow terraces), digging of pits, addition of compost, and termite treatment and plantation of timber/forest/arid fruits trees, shrubs and grasses. In steep slope areas eyebrows will be strengthened using loose stones. As far as possible, check and gabion structures must be avoided and only incorporated in critical locations. One 15

has to keep in mind that structural interventions can’t be translated in enhanced income as farmers and BWRDP’s prime objective is to enhance household income from agriculture and watershed management. Water storage ponds will be developed to furnish water for establishing surface cover (plantation of trees, shrubs and grasses) and recharge to groundwater. Proposed and existing command areas in sub-projects are given in Table 7.

Table 7: Land use wise area under four sub-projects of Zhob River basin (ha) Improved Irrigated Watershed Khushkaba No. Sub-Project Commands Total Area Area Area New Existing 1 Ahmedzai Perennial and 180 427 52 200 859 Flood Irrigation 2 Sabakzai Command Area 0 1,000 350 350 1700 Development 3 Siri Toi Water Dam 4,027 0 3,750 361 8138 Irrigation 4 Killi Sardar Akhter 0 230 22 0 252 Perennial Irrigation 5 Improvement of Farmers’ 0 1,710 0 0 1710 Managed Irrigation Total 4,207 3,367 4,174 911 12,659

It is expected that command area of sub-projects, cropping intensity of 120 percent would be achieved within initial 2-3 years after operation of irrigation sub-project. The design cropping pattern also included high value crops, fruits and vegetables based on local environments. The strengthening of local service and supply providers would provide input for enhancing productivity. Farmers training and capacity building would also help farmers to plan and manage farm as a business and enhance profit margins.

3.7 IR& IP Screening Surveys

Involuntary resettlement (IR) and indigenous people (IP) assessment was carried out and as per ADB-SPS guidelines and standard checklists. The survey indicates that Siri-Toi water storage dam subproject falls in Category B with respect to IR. With respect to IP, all subprojects in Zhob River basin fall in Category “C”. The sub-project wise IR and IP status is discussed in section-4 of pre-feasibility report. As Siri-Toi dam sub-project is considered as core sub-project, accordingly; as per ADB-SPS, a land acquisition and resettlement plan (LARP) will be prepared. For remaining sub-projects, proposed engineering works are of rehabilitation of existing irrigation infrastructure and shall be restricted to existing available RoW. In rare case, change in alignment was unavoidable, the LARF for BWRDP in place and BID shall follow guidelines envisaged in framework.

3.8 Gender Aspects in Zhob River Basin

Empowerment of women refers to ability of poor people to shape decisions that affect their lives and removing discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity and social status. It has to be one coherent effort that leads to success. Women and girls comprise half of the population. Tribal norms and traditions are deep rooted in the area with little involvement of women in decision making. The male child is preferred over girl child in education, health, etc. The females play a limited role in income generating activities and their work is undervalued. Though a wide gender gap, still they are contributing to household economy. As reported in PSLM, in 46% of cases in urban areas and 28% cases in rural areas, parents did not allow girls to attend School. In 23% cases, girl child did not attend school because she had to help at home against only 5 percent boys. 16

Table 8: Reasons for Never Attending School (10-18 Years) in 2005-06 - % Urban Rural Reason Boys Girls Boys Girls Parents didn’t allow 1 46 1 28 Too expensive 27 9 15 5 Too far 0 1 12 11 Education not useful 0 0 1 0 Had to help at work 9 5 20 4 Had to help at home 1 10 5 23 Child not willing 44 18 21 14 Other 18 12 25 14 Source: PSLM, Statistics Division, GoP, Table 2.24

The entire society of Zhob district is male and dominated tribal society. Men decide on politics and fate of family and tribe. Therefore, they assume a predominant role in both community and family decision making. The rate of literacy amongst women is very low. Because of illiteracy and unawareness, women enjoy fewer civil amenities and fundamental rights. Human rights of women are frequently violated without any report. Politically women are without any say. Women's seats of Union Councils are filled, but they do not participate in meetings. Female participation in elections has increased since 1985. Previously, women were discouraged to vote. Women play a minor role in decision-making, but they play an important role in household and agricultural affairs of district. Though a woman shares economic burden of family as she contributes to household and productive work outside house in fields, nonetheless, her household work is not considered an economic contribution, and seldom credit is given to her by husband or elders for her significant contribution to family and society. In rural areas, women are commonly observed to be involved in looking after horses, camels and sheep, assisting in cultivation and doing traditional embroidery work. Society constrains them to remain illiterate and to endure problems related to polygamy, vulvar and a generally low social status. A change in the women's status is observed in areas with more female literacy. Educated women have more influence in decision making and have more authority. Interest in female education is rising, but there are not enough schools. According to MICS Balochistan 2010, female literacy rate 1 (15 years and above) is 9.3%.

According to MICS 2010, female literacy rate (15-24 years) in district Qila Saifullah is 15.4%. The Women Organization promoted by Balochistan Rural Support Programme has ensured women's participation in socio-economic development. Women are being trained for income generating activities and awareness is growing. However, there is a need for improved utilization of this viable platform. The economic independence of women in Qila Saifullah district does not fully translate into social independence. The woman has multiple roles but socio-cultural milieu either do not allow her to perform these roles satisfactorily or she has no opportunities. Sometimes her role performance is restricted to limits which suits male domination. For example, she is free to move around but just to graze her livestock or to fetch water and collect fuelwood. She makes many of routine domestic decisions but decisions regarding major issues, like children's marriages, are made by males in family. However, she definitely has an advisory role. Unmarried girls have no say in decision about their marriage. Very few women were seen in Qila Saifullah and Muslim Bagh bazaars. It is not an appreciable act for women to go outside their homes alone, even for a medical check- up. She is considered protected only when a male family member, even a child, is with her. Qila Saifullah is a male dominated society where sons are preferred. This preference results in discrimination of female children in education, health, nutrition and affection. Expenditure on female education is considered a waste. In this way, women lose their chance to be financially secured and they remain dependent on the men. There is no exclusive health 17

facility for women – mother child health care center – in entire Qila Saifullah district. The girls are bound to get higher education in a boy’s college – against local traditions. The only political role women in Qila Saifullah district can play is casting their vote, usually according to will of their male family members. Their limited political role is evinced by their absence from District Council and Union Councils, except for UC Tubli, where they have their reserved seats.

3.9 Rapid Environmental Assessment

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for irrigation sub-projects was undertaken using a checklist and sub-projects were categorized in terms of categories related to conduct of IEE or EIA as per ADB’s Guidelines and Pakistan Environment Regulations 2000 for IEE/EIA (Table 9).

Table 9: Environmental categorization of sub-projects in Zhob River basin No. Sub-Project Type of Infrastructure Categorization ADB’s Pakistan Guidelines Regulations 1 Ahmedzai Perennial and Weir Category – B IEE Flood irrigation 2 Sabakzai Command Area Irrigation Conveyance and Category – B IEE Development Command Area Development 3 Sri Toi Storage Dam Storage Dam Category – A EIA Irrigation 4 Killi Sardar Akhter Weir Category – B IEE Perennial Irrigation 18

3.10 Layout Plan, Initial Design and Engineering Estimates of Potential Sub- projects

The layout plan and initial designs were prepared for four sub-projects and details are presented in Chapter 4. In three sub-projects diversion weirs/flood dispersal structures were designed, whereas water storage dam was designed in one sub-project. The design features of four sub-projects are presented in Table 10.

Table 10: Design features of the four sub-projects in the Zhob River basin No. Sub-project Design Features of Sub-projects 1 Ahmedzai Perennial and - Rehabilitation of weir Flood Irrigation - Weir length = 120 m - Weir height = 2 m - Channel dimensions = 1m x 1m - Length of irrigation network = 11 km 2 Sabakzai Command - Rehabilitation and improvement of irrigation network and Area Development cross drainage structures - Length of irrigation network = 23 km 3 Sri Toi Storage Dam - Clay core earth-fill dam 66 m high Irrigation - Spillway 2,158 m3/sec capacity - Channel dimensions = 0.75m x 1.0m - Length of irrigation network = 52 km 4 Killi Sardar Akhter - Gallery Length = 300 m Perennial Irrigation - Gallery Rectangular Conduit = 2m x 2m - Offtake Well = 1 No. - Channel Dimensions = 0.75m x 0.75m - Length of Irrigation Network = 3.3 km

The preliminary cost estimates were prepared for infrastructure works including source development and irrigation network, command area development, watershed management and groundwater recharge, khushkaba farming development, gender development and service/supply providers’ capacity development works and summarized in Table 11.

Table 11: Estimated cost and target of selected sub-projects in Zhob River basin Estimated New Improved Number of No. Sub-Project Cost Command Command Households (Million $) Area (ha) Area (ha) Project Targets 100 10,000 20,000 10,000 Ahmedzai Perennial and 1 2.26 180 427 57 Flood Irrigation Sabakzai Command Area 2 5.60 - 1,000 850 Development 3 Sri Toi Storage Dam Irrigation 51.86 4,027 - 853 Killi Sardar Akhter Perennial 4 0.94 - 230 410 Irrigation Farmers Managed Irrigation 5 2.17 1,710 725 Sub-projects Improvement Total 62.84 4,207 3,367 2,345 % of Project Targets Achieved 62.84% 42.07% 16.83% 23.45%

3.11 Economic and Financial Analysis

The results of economic and financial analysis of sub-project are presented in Table 12. The analysis showed that selected sub-projects are feasible. It also shows that dam in general has higher benefit to cost ratios; hence higher returns on investment could be accomplished. But the unit cost of development of per ha of land is 2-3 folds higher than the weir-controlled irrigation sub-projects, thus the benefits of increasing the number of 19

households reduced to one-half to one-third. The overall policy of GOB is to extend benefits of investment projects to many farmers instead of few getting higher benefits.

Among selected sub-projects, Siri Toi water storage dam had highest annual net value production (NVP) as compared to other sub-projects in Zhob River basin largely because of larger command area. However, beneficiaries are reduced by one-half to one- third due to higher unit cost per hectare.

3.12 Analysis of Targets Accomplished

Selected 4 sub-projects in Zhob River basin and lump sum amount for improvement of farmers’ managed irrigation sub-projects was kept in BWRDP. The analysis of targets in Zhob River basin indicated that 4,207 ha of new irrigated commands. The selected sub- projects and farmers’ managed irrigation sub-projects also provided 3,367 ha of improved existing irrigated lands. The cost of selected four sub-projects and farmers’ managed sub- projects comes to US$ 62.84 million. A comparison of selected sub-projects against project objectives is given in Table 10 and detailed economic parameters are presented in Table 12. 20

Table 12: Summary of economic parameters of sub-projects in Zhob River basin Command Sub-project Total Cost Total No. Infrastructure Area Watershed Khushkaba FIRR EIRR Name (million Rs.) (million $.) Development Ahmedzai 1 182.52 36.42 3.54 15.07 237.55 2.26 27.73% 25.85% PIS 2 Sabakzai 490 50.00 24.50 24 588.50 5.60 14.92% 14.53% 3 Sri Toi Dam 4742.91 416.60 270.50 15 5445 51.86 17.22% 16.58% Killa Sardar 4 83.49 13.80 1.50 0.00 98.79 0.94 25.37% 25.23% FIS Farmers Managed 5 PIS/FIS 114 114 - - 288 2.17 - - Scheme Improvement Total 5612.92 630.82 300.04 54.06 6597.84 62.84 - - Notes: Detailed Cost Estimates are included as Appendices

FIRR & EIRR Financial and Economic internal rate of return were revised accordingly.

Infrastructure Cost of all structures and its components. Command Area Development This includes cost of water courses, storage tank, land leveling, demonstration of bed plantation, HEIS pilot farms, earthen track, capacity building and social organization. Watershed Cost of development of earthen micro-catchment, seeding of natural grasses, loose stone and gabion structures. Khushkaba Cost of development of rainfall water harvesting system

Table 13: Economic analysis of selected sub-projects [Legend: FIRR & EIRR Financial and Economic internal rate of return]

No. Sub-Project Discounted Cost Benefit-Cost Ratio NVP FIRR EIRR (Million Rs.) (Million Rs.) (%) (%) 1 Ahmedzai Perennial and Flood Irrigation 215.83 3.64 569.52 27.73% 25.85% 2 Sabakzai Command Area Development 540.08 1.80 432.20 14.92% 14.53% 3 Siri Toi Storage Dam Irrigation 4,813.05 2.10 5331.102 17.22% 16.58% 5 Killi Sardar Akhter Perennial Irrigation 89.76 3.19 196.134 25.37% 25.23% 21

4 Study Results – Sub-Project Level 4.1 Ahmad Zai Perennial and Flood Irrigation Sub-project 4.1.1 Area of sub-project

The Ahmedzai perennial and Flood irrigation sub-project is a weir structure located at UTM coordinates N 3437108 m, E 551554 m Zone 42R on Ahmedzai tributary of Zhob River; which is situated in Zhob district. The sub-project is proposed for improvement in command area. The proposed sub-project would be having water from both perennial and Flood sources. Since perennial flow is limited therefore flood is an integral part of sub- project. Access to sub-project site from Zhob city is through Quetta-Zhob National Highway (N-50), which connects a dirt track to sub-project area on south-eastern part of Zhob River basin. The sub-project would bring 180 ha of land under new command, while 427 ha would be part of existing command. After construction of this sub-project, lands belonging to three villages in Killi Ahmad Zai, Qila Baz Khan and Killi Ali Zai would be commanded.

4.1.2 Physical characteristics

The geological features of Ahmedzai are similar to Killi Sardar as both are located close to each other. The geological map represents that area comprises largely of underlying Cretaceous and Jurassic sedimentary rocks. Central area of the sub-project has partial deposits of alluvium mud. The sub-project is surrounded by Spin Ghar, Mazania Tora and Gudwa Ghar ridges. Terrain is generally flat in sub-project and is suitable for command area development. The average altitude of sub-project’s command area is 1,690 m above mean sea level.

Perennial surface flow would be diverted from river to a lined canal, while floodwater would be diverted during high flow season to a flood channel leading to a separate command area. Due to abundance of surface water, it would also be used for livestock, drinking and other domestic uses. According to hydrological study of surface and sub- surface flow at sub-project level, using ArcSWAT Model, annual water availability was estimated as 7.6 MCM.

The results from model were compared with measured flows during site visit. During site visit in November (2016), 0.14 cumec flow was observed in river. The ArcSWAT model for November estimates that river will have 0.06 cumec flow. This shows that order of magnitude estimated by model is in close conformity with actual flows.

The quality of water was tested at proposed sub-project having pH of 8.3 and TDS of 300 ppm. Deep, loam approaching fine sandy loam dominantly exists in command area of sub-project. The quality of water is fresh and highly suitable for irrigation. The soils are largely non-saline and non-sodic, therefore no amendments are needed to manage soils.

The existing command of diversion sub-project is being irrigated by Ghorasa Ali Zai perennial channel from an infiltration gallery. Although, considerable command area is available. However, low discharge from infiltration gallery limits size of command area. The weir on its upstream side was constructed in 1961-62, which was later on washed away by floods. It was rehabilitated by ID in 1983-84 to divert a perennial flow of 0.08 cumec and flood discharge of 14.15 cumec from right and left banks of command covering an area of 202 and 404 ha, respectively. But weir was later on again damaged by floods (Figure 2). 22

Figure 2: Illustrating channel from infiltration gallery, damaged right wall of the weir and crest of weir structure

Damaged weir

4.1.3 Proposed interventions

Type of structure: The proposed sub-project is aimed to rehabilitate and improve damaged infrastructure to enhance e size of command area having irrigation facility. The command area of sub-project is currently dependent on Karezes, which are not enough to serve agricultural, livestock and water supply demands. Therefore local community demanded rehabilitation of Ahmedzai perennial and flood sub-project. After rehabilitation works of sub-project, existing 427 ha of cropped area is expected to be increased to about 607 ha. The increase in dependable perennial supply of water would increase productivity of command area. The layout plan of sub-project is given in Figure 3. The detail drawings are presented in Figure 4s 4 and 5.

Typical features of infrastructure: The rehabilitation involved extensive works at weir and conveyance system. The weir and its allied structures need re-modeling. The farmers demanded raising of the weir crest by 0.6 m, therefore it was proposed to make holes in existing weir body and stilling basin to join fresh concrete overlay along with dismantling existing damaged stone masonry skin in different patches and re-surfacing. Lining of 3,500 m channel from off-take head regulator of weir and replacement of both head regulator gates are proposed and rehabilitation of 202 m weir length. Left side guide bund requires restoration and needs strengthening, restoration of flood channel, restoration of damaged twin trough aqueduct on a stream draining into Sawar Rud, repairs to initial reach of damaged conduit on perennial flow channel and extension of channel lining. The salient features of rehabilitation, extension and improvement of existing Ahmedzai weir and its conveyances system are provided in Table 14.

Table 14: Salient Features – Ahmad Zai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project Type of structure Rehabilitation of weir Coordinates N 3437108m, E 551554m Zone 42R Weir length (m) 202 Head regulator (Number) 3 Guide bunds restoration (m) 250 Weir abutment wall right (m) 40 Aqueduct twin trough (m) 100 Culvert (Numbers) 3 Lined channel length (m) 3,500 Unlined channel (m) 7,500 Washing structure (Number) 1 Animal drinking structure (Number) 1 Design command area (ha) 607 Khushkaba area (ha) 200 Cost of infrastructure (million Rs.) 182.52

Cost estimates: The initial cost estimates of Ahmedzai perennial and floodwater sub-project are presented in Table 15. 23

Table 15: Initial cost estimate – Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project Rate No. Components Unit Quantity Amount (Rs.) (Rs.) Major Interventions 1 Rehabilitation of weir and silting basin m 202 500,000 101,000,000 2 Weir abutment wall m 40 25,000 1,000,000 3 Head regulator Nr. 3 2,000,000 6,000,000 4 Canal m 3,500 11,600 40,600,000 5 Earthen channel m 7,500 1,925 14,437,500 Allied Works 6 Aqueduct (Twin Trough) m 100 104,300 10,430,000 7 Road culvert Nr. 3 80,000 240,000 8 Drop/Fall structure Nr. 2 500,000 1,000,000 9 Animal Drinking structure Nr. 1 500,000 500,000 10 Washing Structure Nr. 1 500,000 500,000 11 Bund and river training works Nr. 250 20,000 5,000,000 12 Time division structure Nr. 10 200,000 2,000,000 Total cost (Rs.) 182,527,500

4.1.4 Socio-economic profile

The main tribes living in sub-project belongs to Kakar and Kibzai. Main clans of Badin Zai and Qabal Zai dwell in this region are ultimate beneficiaries of sub-project. Pushto is spoken as major language, while small number of people can speak Urdu. The communities are belonging to Muslim ethnic group (Table 16).

Table 16: Demography of Ahmadzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project Area No of Name of Sub- S. Water/Landholding project No Village Names Households Population Male Female Ahmedzai 1 Ahmedzai 62 677 309 368

The integrated surveys indicated that lands are reported in cadastral records for three villages, which would be part of command area. On left bank of weir, command area for flood irrigation is currently uncultivated and would be commanded from same weir. In the sub-project, land rights are held by individuals, while communal lands are mostly registered as Shamlaat. The share of Shamlaat is inherited from ancestors. There are no landless families in command area. Water rights in spate irrigation are reactive whereas in the perennial commands these are appropriated by the elders. Normally under the concept of prior appropriation, this is being followed in the province. The cadastral record of land and water share for Ahmedzai sub-project is being maintained and last updated in 1968 under cadastral records for land and with Revenue for water rights for Moza Ahmedzai.

At present, water is taken from kareze in watershed and weir is having about 0.03 cumec (1 cusec) of water which is brought to weir and then channelized to command area. Rainfall data of rain gauge stations namely Zhob, Qila Saifullah, Badinzai, Muslim Bagh, Murgha Kibzai and Sharan Jogzai of Zhob river basin was collected from Water Resources Planning, Development & Monitoring Directorate of Balochistan (WRPDMD) and Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) for 1980-2014. After filling data gaps from Climate Forecast System Re-analysis (CFSR) data, analysis was undertaken using ARC-SWAT Model for estimating areal mean annual rainfall for river basin. ARC-SWAT Model uses Theissen polygon method for distribution of rainfall (Table 17).

Table 17 Areal Mean Annual Rainfall in mm- Zhob River Basin (1980-2014) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 1980 20 33 84 3 6 19 16 11 5 18 11 3 229 1981 24 31 62 11 21 0 43 15 0 6 0 1 214 24

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 1982 30 43 84 17 53 3 2 47 0 26 11 43 361 1983 16 17 31 86 18 0 43 40 1 0 0 11 263 1984 6 4 15 16 0 10 59 105 1 0 1 8 225 1985 13 7 12 22 4 0 70 37 0 1 1 9 177 1986 6 29 68 20 11 8 19 76 0 0 13 1 252 1987 4 32 62 8 31 8 12 18 0 0 0 0 176 1988 12 7 42 13 0 4 66 46 7 0 1 14 211 1989 7 9 82 9 0 5 49 16 0 0 3 21 202 1990 46 46 21 27 27 4 12 37 8 0 10 21 258 1991 36 40 56 71 22 17 5 7 26 1 7 7 294 1992 35 33 21 57 15 3 6 16 4 4 3 13 212 1993 28 13 24 24 6 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 107 1994 12 58 35 25 16 7 85 44 6 9 2 8 306 1995 18 14 58 56 3 5 43 8 0 2 1 22 228 1996 52 19 40 8 20 14 12 8 0 2 1 8 183 1997 23 6 53 66 26 11 24 13 4 64 29 24 342 1998 21 42 62 18 12 5 8 10 9 1 0 0 186 1999 39 50 16 0 21 0 10 33 1 0 2 1 173 2000 15 19 16 2 1 0 20 5 1 0 1 9 89 2001 3 8 19 34 1 3 36 6 3 0 0 5 117 2002 4 25 20 20 0 1 1 7 1 5 79 18 181 2003 13 34 24 19 2 10 32 18 4 0 4 1 162 2004 42 10 1 12 4 3 8 3 1 5 8 46 144 2005 27 81 78 7 26 3 17 7 5 0 2 2 257 2006 28 31 45 8 0 5 19 52 1 1 55 38 281 2007 16 106 39 16 3 30 27 10 1 0 0 19 269 2008 37 23 4 29 6 5 9 19 2 0 0 37 170 2009 78 30 26 32 7 2 13 2 3 1 4 27 225 2010 14 23 18 23 42 5 102 193 3 8 0 9 439 2011 9 66 21 47 2 0 4 18 33 5 9 2 217 2012 12 27 14 41 4 12 20 32 26 0 0 15 202 2013 5 58 60 21 2 21 2 49 2 0 10 0 230 2014 7 31 39 26 16 1 5 125 Avg. 21 31 38 25 12 6 26 29 4 4 7 13 216

Farmers have inherited practice of water distribution in which water rights are sold with land. Every farmer has an allocated time at main canal and distributaries. The distribution of water starts from head of channel and ends at tail. Each channel has its own fixed distribution cycle, usually 12 days, scheduled during day and night. Water is diverted through weir built by BID, which was completely damaged in 2010. The weir was built to divert both perennial and flood. The right bank side of weir diverts perennial flows, while left bank side constructed to divert flood. The left side of weir is completely damaged. No conflicts in terms of water distribution and rights were observed during field visits and as reported in integrated field surveys. At present, irrigation is being done though tubewells, and farmers do have rights on surface water according to time allocation based on land and community is ready to follow current rule of water distribution and allocation under a Warabandi concept.

Sub-consultant recruited for integrated surveys organized community consultations at sub-project level after initial design of sub-project to share design and seek full ownership of communities. No dispute was reported on land and water rights and farmers agreed to participate in sub-project development. Community demanded to include construction of a new weir and channel lining for left and right bank command areas. Management of watershed and groundwater recharge and production of fuelwood, arid fruits, shrubs and forages are essential elements in sub-project. Meaningful consultation as per ADB SPS was carried out: (a) once at reconnaissance stage; and (b) second during detailed socio- economic baseline surveys. The second round of public consultations are substantiated with date, location and name of participants, their signatures/thumb impression and views. The 25 outputs/results of these consultations will be reflected in the report entitled “Poverty, Social & Gender Assessment”.

4.1.5 IR and IP screening

IR and issues related to IP were assessed for the sub-project in line with the ADB SPS and standard checklists. During field visits, it was confirmed that sub-project proposed for rehabilitation will be implemented on the existing alignment of irrigation channels as well as other structures. The proposed rehabilitation works will be confined in existing ROWs. The construction of new canals/irrigation structures or change of alignment will not be involved. Following this approach, rehabilitation of subproject is not expecting to have any physical or economic displacement, therefore, there is no possibility of land acquisition and consequently no involuntary resettlement impacts are anticipated thus the subprojects are classified as Category "C” for IR (Table 18).

Table 18: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist Not Yes No Remarks Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Known Involuntary Acquisition of Land X The rehabilitation works to improve existing irrigation infrastructure is proposed for sub- projects covered under pre- 1. Will there be land acquisition? feasibility. The proposed rehabilitation works are to be restricted to available existing RoW and therefore; no land acquisition is envisaged. 2. Is the site for land acquisition known? X 3. Is the ownership status and current usage X of land to be acquired known? 4. Will easement be utilized within an existing X Right of Way (ROW)? 5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential X There are no structures within land due to land acquisition? RoW. X The proposed rehabilitation works 6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other are to be restricted to available productive assets due to land acquisition? existing RoW X The proposed rehabilitation works 7. Will there be losses of crops, trees, and are to be restricted to available fixed assets due to land acquisition? existing RoW 8. Will there be loss of businesses or X enterprises due to land acquisition? X The proposed rehabilitation works 9. Will there be loss of income sources and are to be restricted to available means of livelihoods due to land acquisition? existing RoW Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas X The proposed rehabilitation works 10. Will people lose access to natural are to be restricted to available resources, communal facilities and services? existing RoW 11. If land use is changed, will it have an X As explained above adverse impact on social and economic activities? 12. Will access to land and resources owned X communally or by the state be restricted? Information on Displaced Persons: Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by the Project? [ ] No [ ] Yes If yes, approximately how many? ______

Are any of them poor, female-heads of households, or vulnerable to poverty risks? [ ] No [ ] Yes Are any displaced persons from indigenous or ethnic minority groups? [ ] No [ ] Yes Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

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The sub-project is located in district Zhob of Balochistan where no indigenous or ethnic minorities (EM), as ADB SPS describes them to be, were found living in or around selected sub-projects. All persons are Muslim and they do not recognize themselves as IPs. The ADB's policy on IPs is therefore not triggered. Therefore these sub-projects were categorized as "C" for IPs and no IPs plan will be needed (Table 19).

Table 19: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form A. Project Data Country/ Project Title: ADB TA:8800:PAK: Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Department/ Division: CWER Processing Stage:  Retroactive Financing: New Project: X

Lending Project Loan Financial Intermediation Loan or Equity Investment Modality:  Program Loan4 Emergency Loan  X Sector Loan SDP Loan

Categorization Status: New X Re-classification Previous Category

B. Identification of indigenous peoples in project area

Impact on indigenous peoples (IPs)/ Not Yes No Remarks or identified ethnic minority(EM) known problems, if any Are there IPs or EM groups present in project locations? X

Do they maintain distinctive customs or economic activities that may make them vulnerable to X hardship?

Will the project restrict their economic and social activity and make them particularly vulnerable in X the context of project?

Will the project change their socioeconomic and cultural integrity? X

Will the project disrupt their community life? X

Will the project positively affect their health, education, livelihood or social security status? X

Will the project negatively affect their health, X education, livelihood or social security status? Will the project alter or undermine the recognition of their knowledge, preclude customary behaviors X or undermine customary institutions? In case no disruption of indigenous community life as a whole, will there be loss of housing, strip of X land, crops, trees and other fixed assets owned or controlled by individual indigenous households? C. Anticipated project impacts on indigenous peoples Project activity and output Anticipated positive effect Anticipated negative effect 1.

2.

3.

4.

4 Applies to program loans with investment components. 27

5.

D. Decision on Categorization

After reviewing the answer above, the head Environment and Social Unit (ESU) agree that the project:

Should be categorized as an A project, an Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) is required or, for sector/FI projects, an Indigenous Peoples Development Framework (IPDF) is required

Should be categorized as a B project, a specific action favorable to indigenous peoples/ethnic minority is required and addressed through a specific provision in RRP and in related plans such as a Resettlement Action Plan, a Gender Action Plan or a general Community Participatory Plan

X Should be categorized as a C project, no IPDP/IPDF or specific action required

Project Team Comments: The project area is falling in District Khuzdar of Balochistan Province and there is no Indigenous People in the project area.

To minimize resettlement and other social adverse impacts, proposed rehabilitation works shall be carried out along existing available RoW and works shall be restricted inside existing ROWs. If in case, any unavoidable change in alignment or new interventions required during detailed design, BID needs to address issue in line with LARF prepared for BWRDP.

4.1.6 Environmental assessment

An environmental assessment was undertaken using ADB’s guidelines for rapid environmental assessment (REA) checklist for irrigation (Table 19). The survey of checklist was conducted and results of assessment showed that sub-project is unlikely to cause significant adverse environmental and social impacts. The sub-project is classified as Category B. Thus, an IEE is required.

Table 20: Schedule I water sector projects requiring an IEE Water Management, Dams, Irrigation and Flood Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less Protection than 50 million m3 or surface area less than 8 km2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15000 ha. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs. 50 million.

Table 21: Checklist for Ahmedzai irrigation sub-project Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Sitting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Protected Area5 Project design will provide measures to ensure  minimum flow required. Wetland  Mangrove  Estuarine  Buffer zone of protected area  Special area for protecting biodiversity6 Project design will provide measures to ensure  minimum flow required. B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause Loss of precious ecological values (e.g. Result of encroachment into  forests/swamplands or historical/cultural

5 Zhob River ends in Gomal River which is also a wetland and a protected status for wildlife sanctuary. 6 Zhob River starts from Qila Saifullah specifically near Muslim Bagh which is famous for apples and passes through whole Qila Saifullah and Zhob where they have stands of Wild Olives and Chilghoza which have conservation significance as it is threaten habitat. 28

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks buildings/areas, disruption of hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)? Conflicts in water supply rights and related EMP will provide measures to avoid conflicts social conflicts?7  by adopting local and traditional water rights mechanism already exists in area. Impediments to movements of people and Project design shall include facilities for easy  animals? access of people and animals. Potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and siltation,  leading to decreased stream capacity? Insufficient drainage leading to salinity  intrusion? Over pumping of groundwater, leading to  salinization and ground subsidence? Impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of downstream  beneficial uses of water? Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of  people? Potential social conflicts arising from land  tenure and land use issues? Soil erosion before compaction and lining  of canals? Noise from construction equipment? Noise control measures to be specified in  EMP. Impacts are transient. Dust? Dust control measures to be specified in EMP.  Impacts are transient. Labor-related social problems especially if Control measures to be specified in EMP.  workers from different areas are hired? Impacts are transient. Waterlogging and soil salinization due to Project design shall ensure proper drainage inadequate drainage and farm  design. management? Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive  application of irrigation water? Reduction of downstream water supply  during peak seasons? Soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due  to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides? Soil erosion (furrow, surface)?  Scouring of canals?  Logging of canals by sediments?  Clogging of canals by weeds?  Seawater intrusion into downstream  freshwater systems? Introduction of increase in incidence of  waterborne or water related diseases?

4.1.7 Agriculture

Current agricultural productivity is very low in sub-project due to inadequate irrigation facility. The existing cropped area is 427 ha with 70% cropping intensity followed by cropping pattern of vegetables-wheat mix with orchards and other crops. The yield and production are low, which ultimately affects households’ income. The agriculture designed for sub-project would change by increasing cropped area, cropping intensity, yield and production as per agronomic field surveys. Development of sub-project would enhance existing cropped area of 427 ha to 728 ha with increased cropping intensity form 70% to 120%. The landowners proposed high value crops. The gross irrigation requirement and detailed existing and designed agriculture data are given in Appendix I.

7 Already Gomal Zam Dam is taking water from Zhob River which may cause conflict. 29

The cropping pattern will change and it is expected that farmers will adopt design cropping pattern in a period of 5-6 years of completion of sub-project. The percentage of cropped area will increase for high value crops due to reliable availability of water. The existing cropping intensity is 70%, whereas design cropping intensity is 120%, which would be accomplished in 5-6 years of completion of sub-project. The strengthening of local service and supply providers in terms of capacity, linkages with national companies and provision of land levelling and plantation machinery for furrow-bed irrigation would help to enhance crop productivity and profitability.

Considering agricultural, economic and social needs of community, sub-project has tremendous potential and that’s why it is selected as core sub-project. Sufficient water is available for command area. The economic and financial analysis provided EIRR of 25.85% and FIRR of 27.73%. Detailed results of analysis with and without sub-project are presented in Appendix I. 30

Figure 3: Layout plan of Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project

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Figure 4: Channel typical cross sections

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Figure 5: Layout plan of Ahmedzai perennial and flood irrigation sub-project 33

4.2 Sabakzai Command Area Development Sub-project 4.2.1 Area of sub-project

Sabakzai command area is on Sawar River in Meena Bazar area of district Zhob. It lies in UTM Zone 42R at 3423783.55 Northing and 533942.65 Easting. The proposed sub- project will rehabilitate conveyance system of Sabakzai dam. It is located 61 km south of Zhob city. Communication from Zhob to dam site is via Zhob-Kuchlak highway, N50. The journey takes about one hour from Zhob, which is 39 km on N50 highway, and 22 km through the access road of the dam. The command area development works are proposed in Meena Bazar area. The area is gravelly with significant potential for development. There is an improvement potential of 1,000 ha of agriculture. At present, only a fraction of this area is under cultivation.

4.2.2 Physical characteristics

Geological features of Sabakzai command area comprises of Cretaceous and Jurassic Sedimentary Rocks. The area near dam site is marked by gently sloping mountains. The gravel from these low relief mountains are transported to low lying areas during monsoon rains. Meena Bazar area is extremely flat and characterized by gravel bed material. The average altitude of command area is 1510 m above mean sea level.

Perennial surface flow is diverted to irrigate existing command area. Due to abundance of surface water, it is also used as livestock, drinking and other domestic purposes. The live storage of dam is 18.1 MCM. The overall water balance at basin level was carried out through hydrological modeling of whole river basin. Runoff and base flow is predicted for each sub-project by specifying location on particular river reach in a GIS interface supported hydrological model ArcSWAT. The Model is used to simulate groundwater and surface water based on available meteorological, land use and soil data records. The calibration of model was carried out for observed stream flow data for 9 years. The results of water balance study represent proportion of components of hydrological cycle.

The soil and water quality at the sub-project was studied and tested for agriculture suitability. The soil is deep silt loam underlain by gravel. These are non- to slightly calcareous. As regard to water, it has pH 7.8, EC= 0.59 dS/m, Ca+Mg 2.4 mg/l, RSC 1.17 and SAR 1.68 terming it fit for irrigation.

Sabakzai dam was constructed in 2007 by Water and Power Development Authority. The earth fill dam impounds Sawar River, a tributary of Zhob River. The dam is 34.75 m high and stores 41 MCM. The live storage capacity of dam is 18 MCM. Through a tower and gated outlet arrangement, 1 cumec (35 cusecs) is released into irrigation canal for command area which is about 1,000 ha. Schematic map of sub-project is presented in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Schematic map of Sabakzai dam

LEFT-I LEFT-II 7 cusec 12 cusec

MAIN CANAL RIGHT CANAL LINK CANAL 13 cusec 35 cusec 3 cusec

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The dam and its spillway are intact. The spillway has a discharge capacity of 1,630 cumec, which is augmented by a 23 m emergency fuse plug. The dam overflows during monsoon season. The dam outlet works are functioning at its design capacity of 1 cumec (35 cusecs). In 2015, NESPAK prepared a ‘dam safety report’ for Sabakzai. It suggested minor repair works in dam and associated structures. The Resident Engineer reported that rate of siltation in reservoir is high. The dam is rapidly losing its storage capacity. Construction of a series of check dams will reduce rate of siltation, ensuring that dam is functional for its 50- year design life. However, this is not a solution. It is the only intervention, which is designed to reduce siltation but it add to cost and quickly silted up and then it works as a weir to transfer all sediments to dam. The solution lies in bio-engineering in watershed area. However, concepts of bio-engineering are hardly understood in Pakistan.

The main canal conveys 1 cumec (35 cusecs) from dam. It is bifurcated into left and right bank canals. The left bank canal conveys 0.5 cumec (17 cusecs). It is functional and meets required water demand of its design command area. The right bank canal conveys 0.51 cumec (18 cusecs). It is damaged at various stations. The right bank canal was damaged severely by floods in tail reach. It is dysfunctional in this reach. The portion from station 4+000 to 6+000 km is buried underground as a covered concrete conduit. Manholes are provided at 100 m intervals for underground conduit. The remaining portion of 22 km canal is trapezoidal in section. There are several drop structures along canal length.

Flood has damaged cross drainage works on right bank canal. Majority of cross drainage works are under-designed. A two-cell type aqueduct, with each cell 0.25 m x 0.25 m in size, was adopted for aqueduct, which is inadequate. Larger aqueducts will be required to ensure safe passage of flow through channel embankment. The cross-drainage structures require urgent repair/reconstruction to prevent wash-out of right bank conveyance system in next flood.

Considerable area in tail reach was not included in dam project due to limited water availability. At present, only 2996 ha of land is being irrigated. It is estimated that a total of 8907 ha of land is irrigable. The conveyance system of dam was improved and extended by Agriculture Department in 2012. A link canal from Right Bank Canal at station 4+000 km was constructed under this project. A weir on Sawar River was constructed under BMIAD project in '80s. The weir commands tail reaches of Sabakzai dam in Meena Bazar area. The flow of river in this reach is perennial and low. A channel off-taking from weir conveys 0.14 cumec (5 cusecs) to command area.

4.2.3 Proposed interventions

Proposed sub-project is restoration/rehabilitation of existing conveyance system to enhance agricultural productivity in lands which became abandoned due to flood damages. Due to non-functional condition of existing water conveyance system, command area has reduced to one-third. The layout plan of sub-project is given in Figure 7. The proposed intervention in sub-project is rehabilitation of right bank canal of Sabakzai dam. Cross drainage works along this canal would be re-sized to allow higher floods to pass safely. The tail reach of right bank canal damaged by floods will also be re-constructed. Features of existing Right Bank Canal details are given in Table 22. The drawing of design is given in Figure 8 and schematic layout of Sabakzai dam is given in Figure 7s 10 to 25.

Table 22: Right bank canal details Station (m) Feature Details 0+000 Start of Main Canal 0+550 Bifurcation Structure - Main canal to Right Bank & Left Bank Canals 3+700 Command Area (red chilies) 5+000 Bifurcation - Right Bank Canal to Watercourse 7+100 Start of Buried Conduit of Right Bank Canal 35

Station (m) Feature Details 8+000 Manhole for buried conduit (1 manhole at every 100 m) 8+900 End of Buried Conduit of Right Bank Canal 13+940 Under designed aqueduct of Right Bank Canal 13+880 Outflow to Sawar River from Right Bank Canal 15+040 Under-designed aqueduct of Right Bank Canal 15+260 Under-designed aqueduct of Right Bank Canal 15+380 Under-designed aqueduct of Right Bank Canal 15+420 Sawar Weir 22+250 Start of damaged portion - Right Bank Canal 23+090 End of damaged portion - Right Bank Canal

The rehabilitation of sluice gate of Meena Bazaar weir and other minor works like channel clearance and intake tower gate repair are also part of proposed sub-project. The salient features of rehabilitation, extension and improvement of existing Sabakzai CAD and its conveyances system are provided in Table 23.

Table 23: Salient features - Sabakzai command area development sub-project Type of structure Rehabilitation of Conveyance System Location N 3423783.55, E 533942.65 Zone 42R Length of Canal (m) 22,000 (rehabilitation) Length of Canal (m) 1,000 (construction) Length of Aqueduct (m) 2,500 Fall Structures (Numbers) 22 Available Water (MCM) 27 Design Command Area (ha) 1,000 Watershed Development Area (ha) 350 Cost of Infrastructure (million. Rs.) 490

4.2.4 Initial cost estimates of the sub-project

The initial cost estimates are presented in Table 24.

Table 24: Initial cost estimate for infrastructure of Sabakzai dam sub-project Rate No. Components Unit Quantity Amount (Rs.) (Rs.) Major Interventions 1 Rehabilitation of sluice gates Nr. 4 100,000 400,000 2 Canal m 1,000 11,600 11,600,000 3 Canal lining/rehabilitation m 22,000 5,800 127,600,000 Allied Works 4 Drop / fall structure Nr. 22 500,000 11,000,000 5 Cleaning of grass and weeds sq.km 0.11 200,000 22,000 6 Aqueduct m 2,500 104,300 260,750,000 7 Culvert m 1,500 34,350 51,525,000 8 Water Supply LS 4 27,773,820 Total cost (Rs.) 490,069,054

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Figure 7: Layout plan of the Subakzai dam and command area

37

Figure 8: Layout of cross section of open channel in cut and fill areas in Sabakzai dam 38

4.2.5 Socio-economic profile

The focused area belongs to beneficiaries of 3 main villages called Mina Bazar, Ghurzai and Musazai as other villages are not on main channel and take water from left branch channel bifurcating from main canal just at start, which is in good condition and does not require any rehabilitation works, while many villages including Sabakzai, Yaqoobzai, Dodazai and Khuramzai take water from this channel. However, main channel is damaged at several places and requires considerable rehabilitation. While, Musazai channel at tail end bifurcating from main channel is also in good condition and does not require rehabilitation; therefore beneficiaries also told that they do not require any work. So survey of only two villages Mina Bazar and Ghurzai was conducted. The land and water rights mainly belongs to two clans of Kakar Tribe that is Pukhezai of Mina Bazar village and Ghurzai of Ghurzai village. About 571 households were reported in both villages in which 444 households of Pukhezai and 127 households of Ghurzai were reported (Table 25).

Table 25: Demographic details of sub-project No of Name of Sub- Village Water/Landholding project No Names Households Population Male Female 1 Mina Bazar 444 3436 1549 1887 Sabakzai Dam 2 Ghorizi 127 1609 840 769

The land rights are equitable and all shareholders have share in land. The lands are also reported in cadastral record. The cultivated land reported of both clans was about 648 ha (1600 acres). The Pukhezai clan of Mina Bazar village having about 607 ha (1500 acres) of cultivated land, while Ghurzai clan has about 40 ha (100 acres) of cultivated land due to dispute on water rights. The land of Pukhezai is also not fully irrigated and about 405 ha (1000 acres) of expendable land is also available. While, land of Ghurzai clan remain uncultivated due to dispute on water distribution and about more than 810 ha (2000 acres) is available for further cultivation.

The communal source of water is perennial flow of 1 cumec (35 cusecs) released from Sabakzai storage dam for agricultural purposes to irrigate total land of 2,833 ha (7000 acres). However, as only main canal is included in sub-project therefore lands of Mina Bazar and Ghurzai villages would be part of sub-project. The water rights are equitable between Pukhezai clan which is resident in Mina Bazar village and water distribution is also well defined. However, Ghurzai clan of Ghurzai village have dispute on water distribution due to which only few farmers at start of Ghurzai branch channel irrigate some land while, all of land could not be irrigated and water from their branch channel is wasted in river. The farmers in sub-project have well defined water rights without any conflict and allocation rule is based on time as per land holding. The farmers ensured that they will follow Warabandi system under designed command area.

No dispute was reported on land and water rights in Mina Bazar village between Pukhezai clan. However, during survey serious dispute within Ghurzai clan of Ghurzai village was reported on water distribution. However, farmers were willing for development of sub- project in both villages and Ghurzai branch beneficiaries told that they are trying to resolve the issue. The demands raised by community during consultation are: a) rehabilitation of main canal which is damaged at several places and requires many structures at different locations; b) raising of main canal about 1 m to carry about 2 cumec (70 cusecs) of water.

IR and issues related to IP were assessed for sub-project in line with ADB SPS and standard checklists. During field visits, it was confirmed that subproject proposed for rehabilitation will be implemented on existing alignment of irrigation channels as well as other structures. The proposed rehabilitation works will be confined in existing ROWs. The construction of new canals/irrigation structures or change of alignment will not be involved. Following this approach, rehabilitation and of sub-project is not expecting to have any physical or economic displacement, therefore, there is no possibility of land acquisition and 39 consequently no IR impacts are anticipated thus sub-projects are classified as Category "C” for IR (Table 26).

Table 26: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist Not Yes No Remarks Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Known Involuntary Acquisition of Land X The rehabilitation works to improve existing irrigation infrastructure is proposed for sub- projects covered under this pre-feasibility. The 1. Will there be land acquisition? proposed rehabilitation works are to be restricted to available existing RoW and therefore; no land acquisition is envisaged. 2. Is the site for land acquisition known? X 3. Is the ownership status and current usage of land X to be acquired known? 4. Will easement be utilized within an existing Right X of Way (ROW)? 5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land X There are no structures due to land acquisition? within RoW. X The proposed 6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other rehabilitation works are productive assets due to land acquisition? to be restricted to available existing RoW X The proposed 7. Will there be losses of crops, trees, and fixed rehabilitation works are assets due to land acquisition? to be restricted to available existing RoW 8. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due X to land acquisition? X The proposed 9. Will there be loss of income sources and means of rehabilitation works are livelihoods due to land acquisition? to be restricted to available existing RoW Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas X The proposed 10. Will people lose access to natural resources, rehabilitation works are communal facilities and services? to be restricted to available existing RoW 11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse X As explained above impact on social and economic activities? 12. Will access to land and resources owned X communally or by the state be restricted? Information on Displaced Persons:

Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by the Project? [ ] No [ ] Yes If yes, approximately how many? ______

Are any of them poor, female-heads of households, or vulnerable to poverty risks? [ ] No [ ] Yes Are any displaced persons from indigenous or ethnic minority groups? [ ] No [ ] Yes Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

The sub-project is located in district Zhob of Balochistan where no indigenous or ethnic minorities (EM), .as ADB SPS describes them to be, have been found living in or around selected sub-project. All persons are Muslim and they do not recognize themselves as IPs. The ADB's policy on IPs is therefore not triggered. Therefore these subprojects have been categorized as "C" for IPs and no IP plan will be needed. Table 27 describes detail of impacts. 40

Table 27: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form A. Project Data Country/ Project Title: ADB TA:8800:PAK: Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Department/ Division: CWER Processing Stage:  Retroactive Financing: New Project: X

Lending Project Loan Financial Intermediation Loan or Equity Investment Modality:  Program Loan8 Emergency Loan  X Sector Loan SDP Loan

Categorization Status: New X Re-classification Previous Category

B. Identification of indigenous peoples in project area

Impact on indigenous peoples (IPs)/ Not Yes No Remarks or identified ethnic minority(EM) known problems, if any Are there IPs or EM groups present in project locations? X

Do they maintain distinctive customs or economic activities that may make them vulnerable to X hardship?

Will the project restrict their economic and social activity and make them particularly vulnerable in X the context of project?

Will the project change their socioeconomic and cultural integrity? X

Will the project disrupt their community life? X

Will the project positively affect their health, education, livelihood or social security status? X

Will the project negatively affect their health, X education, livelihood or social security status? Will the project alter or undermine the recognition of their knowledge, preclude customary behaviors X or undermine customary institutions? In case no disruption of indigenous community life as a whole, will there be loss of housing, strip of X land, crops, trees and other fixed assets owned or controlled by individual indigenous households? C. Anticipated project impacts on indigenous peoples

Project activity and output Anticipated positive effect Anticipated negative effect 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

8 Applies to program loans with investment components. 41

D. Decision on Categorization

After reviewing the answer above, the head Environment and Social Unit (ESU) agree that the project:

Should be categorized as an A project, an Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) is required or, for sector/FI projects, an Indigenous Peoples Development Framework (IPDF) is required

Should be categorized as a B project, a specific action favorable to indigenous peoples/ethnic minority is required and addressed through a specific provision in RRP and in related plans such as a Resettlement Action Plan, a Gender Action Plan or a general Community Participatory Plan

X Should be categorized as a C project, no IPDP/IPDF or specific action required

Project Team Comments: The project area is falling in District Khuzdar of Balochistan Province and there is no Indigenous People in the project area.

Mitigation measures: For minimizing resettlement and other social adverse impacts, proposed rehabilitation works shall be carried out along existing available RoW and all works shall be restricted inside existing ROWs. If in case, any unavoidable change in alignment or new interventions required during detailed design, BID needs to address issue in line with LARF prepared for BWRDP.

4.2.6 Environmental assessment

The schedule I for water sector projects requiring IEE is presented in Table 28. An environmental assessment, using ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist for Irrigation (Table 29), was conducted and results of assessment indicated that sub-project is unlikely to cause significant adverse environmental and social impacts. The sub-project is classified as Category B.

Table 28: Schedule I Water Sector Projects requiring an IEE Water Management, Dams, Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 Irrigation and Flood Protection million m3 or surface area less than 8 km2. Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 50,000 ha. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs. 50 million.

Table 29: Environmental checklist for irrigation - Sabakzai command area development sub-project Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Sitting

Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Protected Area9 The sub project will not include any  new command area. This activity will not change flow pattern of river. Wetland  Mangrove  Estuarine  Buffer zone of protected area  Special area for protecting biodiversity10 The sub project will not include any  new command area. This activity will not change flow pattern of river.

9 Zhob River ends in Gomal Zam River which is also a wetland and a protected status for wildlife sanctuary. 10 Zhob River starts from Qila Saifullah specifically near Muslim Bagh which is famous for Apples and passes through whole Qila Saifullah and Zhob where they have stands of Wild Olives and Chilghoza which have conservation significance as it is threaten habitat. 42

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause Loss of precious ecological values (e.g. Result of encroachment into forests/swamplands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of  hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)?

Conflicts in water supply rights and related social EMP will provide measures to avoid conflicts?11 conflicts by adopting local and  traditional water rights mechanism already exists in area. Impediments to movements of people and animals? Project design shall include facilities  for easy access of people and animals. Potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream  capacity? Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?  Over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization  and ground subsidence? Impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses  of water? Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?  Potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and  land use issues? Soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?  Noise from construction equipment? Noise control measures to be specified  in the EMP. Impacts are transient. Dust? Dust control measures to be specified  in EMP. Impacts are transient. Labor-related social problems especially if workers Control measures to be specified in  from different areas are hired? EMP. Impacts are transient. Waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate Project design shall ensure proper  drainage and farm management? drainage design. Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive application of  irrigation water? Reduction of downstream water supply during peak  seasons? Soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due to excessive application of  fertilizers and pesticides? Soil erosion (furrow, surface)?  Scouring of canals?  Logging of canals by sediments?  Clogging of canals by weeds?  Seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater  systems? Introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or  water related diseases?

4.2.7 Agriculture

At present, agricultural productivity is low in sub-project. The existing cropped area is 1000 ha with 100% cropping intensity followed by an annual cropping pattern wheat – kharif vegetables – orchard. The existing practices of agriculture for were documented through integrated surveys and field visits organized by pre-feasibility team covering current irrigated cropped area, cropping intensity, yield and production. The proposed cropped area is 1,200 ha with 120% cropping intensity. The gross irrigation water requirement for designed cropping pattern and cropping intensity were estimated using CropWat Model (Appendix II).

11 Already Gomal Zam Dam is taking water from Zhob River which may cause conflict. 43

It is expected that cropping intensity will increase to 120% within 5 to 6 years after completion of sub-project. The designed cropping pattern includes high value crops to provide higher returns to farmers and higher profitability at farm level. Adoption of crop production and water use practices and technology would help to enhance farmers’ income in sub-project.

Considering agricultural, economic and social needs of community, sub-project has tremendous potential. Sufficient water is available for design of command area. The economic and financial analysis provided EIRR of 14.53% and FIRR of 14.92%. Detailed results of economic and financial analysis with and without project are presented in Appendix II.

Figure 9: Layout of the existing Sabakzai dam project (Source: Irrigation Dept. Zhob)

Figure 10: Sabakzai dam body and reservoir

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Figure 11: Sabakzai dam and spillway crest (left) and chute (right)

Figure 12: Sabakzai dam intake tower

Figure 13: - Sabakzai dam outlet works from dam top (left) and dam toe (right)

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Figure 14: - Sabakzai dam - bifurcation structure for main canal

Figure 15: - Sabakzai dam - Damaged canal in tail command area

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Figure 16: Sabakzai dam - outlet from main canal constructed in 2012

Figure 17: Sabakzai dam - existing main canal and outlet canal (left) and drop structure (right)

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Figure 18: Sabakzai dam - under-sized aqueduct of main canal

Figure 19: Sabakzai dam - under-sized aqueduct of main canal

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Figure 20: Sabakzai dam - manhole for under-ground conduit; top view of man-hole (inset)

Figure 21: Sabakzai dam - existing command area and drying of red chilies

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Figure 22: Sabakzai dam’s command area

Figure 23: Sabakzai dam - Discussion with community in command area

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Figure 24: Sabakzai dam - view of Sabakzai main canal and Sawar weir

Figure 25: Sabakzai dam - view of Sawar weir 51

4.3 Sri Toi Storage Dam Irrigation Sub-project 4.3.1 Area of sub-project

Siri Toi water storage dam site is located in Union Council of Mir Ali Khel, tehsil and district Zhob, about 62 km north-east of Zhob on Siri Toi river, the main tributary of Zhob River near Kili Gul Khan. Latitude and longitude of sub-project are 31° 35’ 52” North, 69° 15’ 58” East and mean altitude of command area is 1350 m above mean sea level. The location of proposed dam, shown in Location Map. Access from Zhob to dam site is via Zhob-Wana road. Initially in north-east for a distance of 42 km then turning to Samabza road in south- east up to Kili Hazrat Sahab by a link metaled road by travelling 10 km, followed by unpaved shingle/gravel track for 10 km up to dam site. Journey takes 2.25 hours from Zhob town.

The area is poor, subsistence farming is economic mainstay, so core sub-project will have a major impact on welfare of local people. Agriculture and livestock are main sources of income of local people. The community of core sub-project is composed mainly of Mando- Khel tribe of Pashtoons. However, core sub-project will have a, significant impact on a relatively remote community with a very low income. There are significant markets within reach and area has potential for wheat and vegetables which are able to offer good rates in market.

It is expected that construction of proposed dam will cover command area up to 4,027 ha, beside of sustained water supply to present command area being cultivated on seasonal basis by growing vegetables and grains. The proposed reservoir would recharge subsurface flow of river, shallow wells and tubewells, protect agriculture land and human settlements from devastation of floods during flood seasons and develop grazing zones for livestock. The stored water will support drinking, agriculture purpose and other domestic uses.

4.3.2 Physical characteristics

The geological features of Siri Toi comprise of Eocene and Oligocene Sedimentary rocks. Area adjacent to core sub-project and also some part of command area has underlying Cretaceous and Jurassic sedimentary rocks. High ridges surround core sub- project area which lies at foot of Masa Khel, a prominent rock outcrop about 305 m high in middle of valley. The terrain is generally flat in sub-project and is suitable for command area development. It is located in an environment of degraded rangelands. The average altitude of sub-project command area is 1350 m above mean sea level.

Climate of sub-project is semi-arid and lies in monsoonal belt. Mean annual rainfall varies between 250-400 mm per year. It receives most of its rainfall from July to September. The region observes cold winters and hot summers with temperatures soaring as high as 38 °C in summers.

Sri Toi dam site is located in northern part of basin on an isolated tributary of Zhob River. There is almost no existing sub-project diversion upstream of this location which indicates substantial potential for development of new sub-project. The annual average availability of water is nearly 57 MCM with a catchment area of 971 km2. There is substantial perennial flow at this sub-project level with high flood peaks during high flow season. The significant variation in river flow regime envisages a design of a combined perennial and flood in sub-project.

The overall water balance at basin level is carried out through hydrological modeling of whole river basin. Streamflow and base flow is predicted for each sub-project by specifying location on particular river reach in a GIS supported hydrological model ArcSWAT. The model is used to simulate groundwater and surface water based on available meteorological, land use and soil data records. 52

The results from model were compared with measured flows during site visit. During site visit in November 2016, 0.71 cumec flow was observed in river. The ArcSWAT model for November estimates that river will have 0.96 cusec flow. This shows that the order of magnitude estimated by model is in close conformity with the actual flows.

The quality of water was tested at proposed dam site and pH was 8.31 and TDS was 317 ppm. The upstream command area of sub-project (located on left bank of the river), is presently being sown as khushkaba during Rabi season, and some 16 ha are being cultivated using groundwater abstracted from open wells/tubewells. The remaining command area is lying barren due to lack of access to surface water. The water table in area varies from 37 to 46 m. In command area, 4 Karezes/springs and 180 open wells/tubewells are functional and providing water for irrigation.

4.3.3 Proposed interventions

The following works are proposed under Siri Toi multi-purpose water storage dam sub-project:  In earth fill dam with clay core and in a total length of about 993 m and 70 m in height with freeboard of 2 m on Siri Toi River.  A spillway in a length of 130 m from left abutment of dam  A total length of 1,100 km steel pipeline from intake structure of dam up to start of command area followed by irrigation left, right and minor canals of a total length of 52 km for design command area  Necessary cross drainage works including aqueducts, super-passages, RCC-pipe crossings, and other minor hydraulic structures

Selection of dam axis: The dam axis was selected after reviewing general topography of area through site visits and analysis of satellite based imagery and terrain. The selected dam axis has sound rock on both abutments. The foundation geology has to be confirmed through boreholes along axis to verify selection. At the proposed axis, a dam with considerable storage would be constructed. The dam crest length is nearly 993 m with no additional dykes. Two alternate options were also considered for the dam axis. One option is upstream of selected dam axis. This option would require additional dykes with lesser storage capacity, as required at selected location. The rock formation at this axis is weak. This option was therefore dropped. Another location of the dam axis analyzed was further upstream of selected axis. It is on a steeper terrain. The storage capacity at this location is extremely low. This option is therefore not being considered.

Reservoir characteristics: The reservoir area-elevation-capacity curve was developed. Terrain of area is very steep and narrow and storage volume at lower elevation is quite insignificant. This necessitates design of a dam with a height of 66 m to store 36 MCM, required to fulfill needs of design command area. The river downstream of dam location opens to a vast flat land about 1.5 kms downstream of proposed dam, where sporadic human settlements exist.

Spillway design discharge: The spillway design flood will be estimated for probable maximum flood (PMF or 10,000 year) for Siri Toi River. Flood discharges for 10, 25 and 50 years return period were computed for diversion arrangements during construction.

Spillway location: The proposed spillway is located towards left abutment. The spillway width will be 130-150 m, at which it will carry out at least 10,000 years design flood with 3-4 m head. The spillway will have a USBR Type-II/Type-III stilling basin which will be adequately sized to dissipate erosive energy. An earthen channel from stilling basin will convey floodwater back to river and away from dam. The salient features of Siri Toi water storage dam are presented in Table 30 and layout plan is given in Figure 26. The drawings of design are given in 53

Figure 27 to 30. Table 30: Salient features - Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project Type of structure Earth fill Dam Location N 3496638.09, E 525794.05.96 Zone 42R Earthen Dam Height (m) 66 Storage Capacity (MCM) 36.5 Main canal (Km) 43.8 Pipe (m) 1650 Khushkaba Area (Ha) 361 Design Command Area (Ha) 4,027 Watershed Development Area (Ha) 3750 Computed Average Available Water (MCM) 57 Cost of Infrastructure (Mil. Rs.) 4,743

4.3.4 Socioeconomic Profile

The main tribe living in sub-project belongs to Arbzai clan of Mandokhel, list of main villages are given in Table 31. These are ultimate beneficiaries of project. Pushto is spoken as major language in area while small number of people can speak Urdu. The communities belong to Muslim religion group. No issue of resettlement was observed.

Houses are mainly constructed of locally available impermanent materials, typically mud or sub-baked bricks fused with baked mud strengthened with chopped straw. These materials make poorer households susceptible to invasion of vermin and seasonally unstable, needing reconstruction after heavy rainy season. The houses made of impermanent materials, generally do not have border walls. The demographic information of sub-project is detailed in Table 31.

Table 31: Name of villages, total households and population in Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project Name of No of Sub- Water/Landholding project No Village Names Households Population Male Female 1 Tora Darga 262 2725 1219 1506 2 Killi Hazrat Sahib 48 2251 1070 1181 3 Killi Surghundi 36 273 121 152 4 Killi Nave Oba 75 548 230 318 5 Killi Bobi Irrabzai 85 618 267 351 6 Killi Ashai Kasi/Fakhri 15 87 39 48 7 Killi Omvani Shpa 17 139 62 77 8 Killi Gada Khel 61 1926 893 1033 9 Killi Zawai 20 546 268 278 Sri Toi Dam 10 Killi Tor Ghundi 37 559 277 282 11 Killi Sunkasi 48 894 423 471 12 Killi Rodh Ahmadkhel 33 595 283 312 13 Killi Doshana Hazrat Sahib 20 228 109 119 14 Killi Landi Bobi 45 658 297 361 15 Killi Loi Mina 29 347 156 191 16 Killi Shahwaz 10 129 64 65 17 Killi Qatal Khan 23 388 172 216 Total 864 12911 5950 6961

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The revenue record is registered in name of Mouza Ahmad Khel and Thappa Gastoi with Revenue Department, Zhob. The revenue record established on 19th November, 1969, reveals that total registered land is 3,981 acres and 34 poles. The irrigated land is 91 acres and 38 poles while un-irrigated land is 3878 acres, 3 rods and 38 poles. The record indicates that most of land under Mouza Ahmadkhel is distributed among landholders.

Nearly all landholders own land in sub-project, which was distributed by Karezai and Irabzai lineage of Clan Ahmadkhel tribe Mandokhel. Almost all land is distributed among sectoral lineage and for further distribution based on household and community is committed that this will be completed before the commencement of physical works. A committee is formed by shareholders to distribute land among shareholders according to tribal traditions. About 4027 ha are available for irrigated agriculture development. Currently, left bank land can’t be commanded from same source, therefore farmers have installed tubewells in left bank command area. However, if sub-project is developed these lands will be commanded. In watershed, no villages were reported by community and there was nearly no access in watershed through vehicle. The land in watershed beyond proposed reservoir poundage belongs to Arbzai clan.

Currently there is no irrigation over Siri Toi River, in rare cases tubewell irrigation was observed. Currently, there is no irrigation over Siri Toi River. However, it is clear that water rights will go to people who had land rights in command area. There are 864 land owners in Siri Toi dam. Water rights will be established with cooperation of EA/ID and IA/ACD. No agriculture is practiced in sub-project therefore most of beneficiaries are dependent on livestock, labor, business and employment with government/private agencies for their livelihood. While in each household some family members are non-residents due to their jobs and other source of income. No dispute was reported on land and water rights during survey of 17 villages and farmers were agreed to participate in sub-project development.

During workshop of ADB on 8th February at Quetta, one beneficiary of sub-project and Officer at Agriculture Department Karim Mandokhel came and objected that land of dam site and rangelands at side of watershed belong to him and having land in command area. Therefore, he would not allow sub-project until whole land of Arbzai Tribe which would come under command is distributed among all shareholders. He was told that matter of distribution of land is fully matter of their tribe and they should resolve this issue themselves, however for compensation of land at dam site it would be surveyed that how much of land would be damaged.

Later on, the complainant sent an email to ADB and EA/ID to express his grievances. In response, the Chief Engineer EA/ID wrote a letter to concerned Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner to intervene and resolve matter amicably. The PPTA team also paid visit to investigate matter. Accordingly, a report is prepared and is given as Annex VII.

IR and issues related to IP were assessed for sub-project in line with ADB SPS and standard checklists. During field visits, it was confirmed that main dam axis, its reservoir, dykes, spillway, left and right bank irrigation canals are sitting on private land. Therefore; acquisition of land for construction of above mentioned structures is required. Thus, subprojects is classified as Category "B” for IR and accordingly, in line with ADB SPS and LARF prepared for project, a sub-project specific LARP will be prepared (Table 32).

Table 32: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist Probable Involuntary Resettlement N Not Yes Remarks Effects o Known Involuntary Acquisition of Land X Private land in dam reservoir will be submerged/ inundated , proposed dam axis, dyke, spillway, access road, left and right bank irrigation canals 1. Will there be land acquisition? will require permanent land acquisition. Some temporary land will be required for construction period like contractor main and site camps. 55

Probable Involuntary Resettlement N Not Yes Remarks Effects o Known 2. Is the site for land acquisition known? X 3. Is the ownership status and current X usage of land to be acquired known? 4. Will easement be utilized within an X existing Right of Way (ROW)? X There are no structures within the RoW of 5. Will there be loss of shelter and proposed infrastructure in particular where residential land due to land acquisition? acquiring of land is required. 6. Will there be loss of agricultural and X There is no agriculture in RoW of proposed other productive assets due to land infrastructure in particular where acquiring of acquisition? land is required. 7. Will there be losses of crops, trees, X There is no standing crops, trees and productive and fixed assets due to land acquisition? assets while acquiring land for proposed project. 8. Will there be loss of businesses or X enterprises due to land acquisition? X Small piece of cultivable land is falling in reservoir of proposed dam. Reportedly, this 9. Will there be loss of income sources piece of land was cultivated in the past and and means of livelihoods due to land currently for last 5-8 years; this piece of land is acquisition? not cultivated. The owner of land committed with the team to dedicate this piece of land for proposed dam to get benefits of project in future. Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas 10. Will people lose access to natural X resources, communal facilities and services? 11. If land use is changed, will it have an X adverse impact on social and economic activities? 12. Will access to land and resources X owned communally or by the state be restricted? Information on Displaced Persons:

Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by the Project? [ ] No [ ] Yes If yes, approximately how many? ______

Are any of them poor, female-heads of households, or vulnerable to poverty risks? [ ] No [ ] Yes Are any displaced persons from indigenous or ethnic minority groups? [ ] No [ ] Yes Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary.

The subproject is located in district Zhob of Balochistan, where no indigenous or ethnic minorities (EM), as ADB SPS describes them to be, was found living in or around selected subproject. All persons are Muslim and they do not recognize themselves as IPs. The ADB's policy on IPs is therefore not triggered. Therefore these subprojects are categorized as "C" for IPs and no IP’s plan will be needed (Table 33).

Table 33: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form

A. Project Data Country/ Project Title: ADB TA:8800:PAK: Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Department/ Division: CWER Processing Stage:  Retroactive Financing: New Project: X

Lending Project Loan Financial Intermediation Loan or Equity Investment Modality:  Program Loan12 Emergency Loan

12 Applies to program loans with investment components. 56

 X Sector Loan SDP Loan

Categorization Status: New X Re-classification Previous Category

B. Identification of indigenous peoples in project area

Impact on indigenous peoples (IPs)/ Not Yes No Remarks or identified ethnic minority(EM) known problems, if any Are there IPs or EM groups present in project locations? X

Do they maintain distinctive customs or economic activities that may make them vulnerable to X hardship?

Will the project restrict their economic and social activity and make them particularly vulnerable in X the context of project?

Will the project change their socioeconomic and cultural integrity? X

Will the project disrupt their community life? X

Will the project positively affect their health, education, livelihood or social security status? X

Will the project negatively affect their health, X education, livelihood or social security status? Will the project alter or undermine the recognition of their knowledge, preclude customary behaviors X or undermine customary institutions? In case no disruption of indigenous community life as a whole, will there be loss of housing, strip of X land, crops, trees and other fixed assets owned or controlled by individual indigenous households? C. Anticipated project impacts on indigenous peoples

Project activity and output Anticipated positive effect Anticipated negative effect 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

D. Decision on Categorization

After reviewing the answer above, the head Environment and Social Unit (ESU) agree that the project:

Should be categorized as an A project, an Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) is required or, for sector/FI projects, an Indigenous Peoples Development Framework (IPDF) is required

Should be categorized as a B project, a specific action favorable to indigenous peoples/ethnic minority is required and addressed through a specific provision in RRP and in related plans such as a Resettlement Action Plan, a Gender Action Plan or a general Community Participatory Plan

X Should be categorized as a C project, no IPDP/IPDF or specific action required

Project Team Comments: The project area is falling in District Khuzdar of Balochistan Province and there is no Indigenous People in the project area.

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The anticipated impacts of acquiring land is unavoidable; therefore; in line with the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework (LARF), sub-project specific LARP will be prepared.

4.3.5 Environmental assessment

The schedule II of water sub-projects for EIA is presented in Table 34. An environmental assessment using ADB’s REA checklist for irrigation is given in Table 35. The REA was conducted and results of assessment shown that core sub-project is likely to cause significant adverse environmental and social impacts. The core sub-project is classified as Category A. The environmental assessment requirements of Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (Amended 2013) are different from those of ADB. The GoB environmental regulations categorize development projects into two schedules, according to their anticipated potential environmental impact. The proponents of sub-projects with potential for more adverse environmental impacts are required to submit an EIA. While, for proponents of sub-projects with potential for less environmental impact, must submit an IEE with respective EPAs. The schedules area as follows:

Table 34: Schedule II water sector projects requiring an EIA Water Management, Dams, Irrigation and Dams and reservoirs with storage volume of Flood Protection 50 million m3 and above or surface area of 8 km2 and above. Irrigation and drainage projects serving 50000 ha and above. Environmentally Sensitive Areas All projects situated in environmentally sensitive areas

According to regulations, core sub-project requires EIA.

Rapid environmental assessment (REA) checklist (irrigation)

Instructions  This checklist is to be prepared to support environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.  This checklist is to be completed with assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.  This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on: (i) involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.  Answer questions assuming “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Pakistan/Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Sector Division: Zhob River – Core Sub Project [Sri Toi /Tangi War dam (Earth core rock fill dam 60 m High Spillway 2,100 cumec capacity irrigation network)].

Table 35: Screening questions for environmental assessment Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Sitting

Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Protected Area13 Project design will provide measures to  ensure minimum flow required. Wetland  Mangrove  Estuarine  Buffer zone of protected area  Special area for protecting biodiversity14  Project design will provide measures to

13 Zhob River ends in Gomal Zam River which is also a wetland and a protected status for wildlife sanctuary. 58

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ensure minimum flow required. B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause Loss of precious ecological values (e.g. Result of encroachment into forests/swamplands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of  hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)? Conflicts in water supply rights and related social EMP will provide measures to avoid conflicts?15 conflicts by adopting local and  traditional water rights mechanism already exists in area. Impediments to movements of people and animals? Project design shall include facilities  for easy access of people and animals. Potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream  capacity? Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?  Over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization  and ground subsidence? Impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses  of water? Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?  Potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and  land use issues? Soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?  Noise from construction equipment? Noise control measures to be specified  in EMP. Impacts are transient. Dust? Dust control measures to be specified  in EMP. Impacts are transient. Labor-related social problems especially if workers Control measures to be specified in  from different areas are hired? EMP. Impacts are transient. Waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate Project design shall ensure proper  drainage and farm management? drainage design. Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive application of  irrigation water? Reduction of downstream water supply during peak  seasons? Soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due to excessive application of  fertilizers and pesticides? Soil erosion (furrow, surface)?  Scouring of canals?  Logging of canals by sediments?  Clogging of canals by weeds?  Seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater  systems? Introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or  water related diseases?

4.3.6 Agriculture

At present there is no agricultural activity due to absence of irrigation system in sub- project and landowner can’t brought command area under cultivation. Thus cropped area is non-existent. The projection of agriculture for sub-project was made keeping in view current situation through findings of field surveys. The landowners were interested to propose profitable crops and fruits in future. The proposed cropped area is 4,832 ha with 120% cropping intensity. The gross irrigation requirement and detailed existing and

14 Zhob River starts from Qila Saifullah specifically near Muslim Bagh which is famous for Apples and passes through whole Qila Saifullah and Zhob where they have stands of Wild Olives and Chilghoza which have conservation significance as it is threaten habitat. 15 Already Gomal Zam dam is taking water from Zhob River which may cause conflict. 59

proposed/projected agriculture analysis are attached in Appendix III. It is expected that design cropping intensity of 120 percent would be completed within 5 to 6 years after completion of sub-project. The cropping pattern will be followed with high yield and profitable crops.

4.3.7 Initial cost estimates

The initial cost estimates for sub-project are presented in Table 36. Table 36: Initial cost estimate for Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project No. Components Amount (Rs.) Major Interventions 1 Dam 1,147,471,655 2 Dyke 512,460,000 3 Spillway 1,168,405,000 4 Intake Structure and Outlet Works 600,609,500 Allied works 5 Main Canal 889,331,500 6 Offtake Structure 7,473,000 7 Fall Structure 20,764,000 8 Aqueduct 272,356,200 9 Siphon 87,847,000 10 Drainage Culvert 2,812,000 11 Road Culvert 23,007,500 12 Washing Structure 1,392,760 13 Animal Drinking Structure 225,900 14 Drinking Water Supply System 8,750,000 Total cost (Rs.) 4,742,906,015

4.3.8 Conclusions and recommendations

Considering agricultural, economic and social needs of community, sub-project has tremendous potential and that’s why it is selected as core sub-project. Sufficient water is available for design of command area. The economic and financial analysis provided an EIRR of 16.58%and a FIRR of 17.22%. Detailed results of the economic and financial analysis with and without core sub-project are presented in the Appendix III.

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Figure 26: Siri Toi water storage dam sub-project – layout plan

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Figure 27: Earth fill dam - typical section

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Figure 28: Channel typical sections

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Figure 29: Typical fall structure

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Figure 30: Time division structure 65

4.4 Killi Sardar Akhter Perennial Irrigation and Flood Sub-project 4.4.1 Area of sub-project

Killi Sardar Akhtar Khan perennial irrigation sub-project is located in Union Council of Laka Bund, tehsil and district Zhob, around 49 km south-east of Zhob city in Gosa Kibzai. The sub-project is proposed on flat terrain and a large amount of land is available for cultivation. The proposed sub-project will use sub-surface flow for irrigation. Since available sub-surface water is limited, it will restrict total area that can be developed as compared to available land. Access is through a metaled road initially on Zhob to D. I. Khan road for a distance of 17 kms, then turning to right through link road via Killi Ghurdah Babar by travelling another 32 kms. The sub-project will improve 230 ha of existing command area whereas no new area will be brought under cultivation as land is not available. After construction of sub-project, lands belonging to eight villages in Qila Sardar Akhter Khan, Ghundi, Churmanwala, Zakozai, Baz Khula, Dabari, Kharhpani and Dodazai will be benefitted from irrigated agriculture.

4.4.2 Physical characteristics

The geological features of Killi Sardar comprise largely of underlying Cretaceous and Jurassic sedimentary rocks. Central area of sub-project location has partial deposits of alluvium mud. Kili Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project has catchment area that mostly falls in a hilly zone. Sawar stream is main tributary of Zhob River which ultimately drains floodwater into Zhob River. Another creek, namely Nahara stream drains into Sawar stream at site of proposed infiltration gallery. Various tributaries confluence into a major tributary before reaching to weir site. Command area is generally flat and has fertile soil.

The climate of sub-project is semi-arid and lies in monsoonal belt. Mean annual rainfall varies between 150-400 mm per year. It receives most of its rainfall from July to September. The region observes cold winters and hot summers with temperatures soaring as high as 40 °C in summers. Perennial surface flow is diverted to irrigate existing command area. Due to abundance of surface water, it is also used for livestock, drinking and other domestic purposes. Although perennial flow exists, flood is also available during high flow season. According to Consultant’s hydrological study of surface and sub-surface flow at sub-project level, annual water availability is estimated as 2.94 MCM. Streamflow and base flow is predicted for sub-project by specifying location on particular river reach in a GIS interface of ArcSWAT model to simulate groundwater and surface water based on available meteorological, land use and soil data.

The results from model were compared with measured flows during site visit. During site visit in November 2016, 0.08 cumec flow was observed in river. The ArcSWAT model for November estimates that river will have 0.03 cumec flow. This shows the model under- predicts the flows during 2016.

The quality of water as tested at proposed sub-project of Killi Sardar Akhter comes out with pH value of 7.85 and TDS of 283 ppm. The dominant soil in sub-project is moderately deep silt loam.

There exists a katcha bund constructed by farmers to harness rain-water for irrigating khushkaba lands, as previously water from the Sawar River in this reach was not utilized due to lack of water diversion. There are cultivable areas located on both banks of Sawar River being cultivated as khushkaba, whereas remaining area located on right bank of river is being irrigated by 5 open wells by installing pumps functioning on diesel engines. The existing cropping pattern consists mainly of wheat crop as khushkaba, which is dependent on rainfall and localized runoff. The remaining area of about 60 ha (150 acres) is under cultivation for vegetables including onions, garlic, grains, fodder, and orchards. The project area consists of patches of plain land composed of clay and alluvial soils surrounded by mountainous rock (Figure 31). 66

Figure 31: Killi Sardar Akhtar – existing unlined channel from a spring source (left); location of proposed infiltration gallery (center); existing command area (right)

4.4.3 Proposed interventions

The sub-project is designed to include:  Construction of an infiltration gallery across Sawar river in a length of 300 m  Construction of another infiltration gallery along Nahara Creek draining into Sawar river in a length of 125 m  Construction of circular manhole/collecting chamber having internal diameter of 2 m, with top covered with a slab  Construction of RCC conduit from collecting chamber  Construction of irrigation channel from RD 0+125 up to command area in a length of 2700 m.  Construction of retaining wall of a length of 240 m for protection of irrigation channel at edge of right bank of the river  Lining of Cheena Viala (spring channel) from existing spring up to command area in a length of 700 m  Construction of a storage tank in the command area to store and utilize water of existing irrigation main channels and from open wells.

The layout plan for sub-project is given in Figure 32. The drawings of design of sub-project are given in Figure 33 to 36. After implementation of sub-project, it is anticipated that an additional area, which at present is being grown as khushkaba, will be brought under perennial irrigation by providing outlets according to due shares of beneficiaries. In addition, it is also expected that perennial lands lying on left bank of Sawar River will also be cultivated. The proposed sub-project saves perennial supplies of existing springs from conveyance/seepage losses and to harness sub-surface flow of Sawar River by construction of infiltration gallery. Sufficient surface and sub-surface water are available in main river at Gosa area, where large scale of cultivated and cultivable lands are available for agriculture development, but there is a shortage of perennial irrigation water. The salient features of proposed Kili Sardar perennial irrigation sub-project are given in Table 37. The initial cost estimates are given in Table 38.

Table 37: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project - salient features Type of structure Infiltration Gallery & Offtake Well Coordinates N 3435417.93m, 548553.4m E Zone 42R Infiltration Gallery (m) 450 Canal (m) 3,300 Time Division Structures (Nr.) 10 Aqueduct (m) 100 Flood Protection Bund (m) 164 Water Storage Tanks (Nr.) 1 Watershed Area (Ha) 22 Available Water (MCM) 3 Design Command Area (Ha) 230 Cost of Infrastructure (Mil. Rs.) 83.49 67

Table 38: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project - initial cost estimate Rate No. Components Unit Quantity Amount (Rs.) (Rs.) Major Interventions 1 Canal m 3,300 11,600 38,280,000 2 Pipe (infiltration gallery) m 450 40,000 18,000,000 Allied works 3 Aqueduct m 100 104,300 10,430,000 4 Drop / fall structure Nr. 15 500,000 7,500,000 5 Animal drinking structure Nr. 2 500,000 1,000,000 6 Washing structure Nr. 1 500,000 500,000 7 Time division structure Nr. 10 200,000 2,000,000 8 Bund m 164 20,000 3,280,000 9 Water storage tank Nr. 1 2,500,000 2,500,000 Total cost (Rs.) 83,490,000

4.4.4 Socio-economic profile

The main tribes living in sub-project belong to Kakar and Kibzai, main villages are listed in Table 39, and ultimate beneficiaries of sub-project. Pushto is spoken as a major language in area while few can speak Urdu. The communities are belonging to Muslim ethnic group.

Table 39: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project - demographic details No of Name of Sub- No Village Names Water/Landholding Population Male Female project Households Killi Akhtar Khan PIS 1 Killi Akhtar Khan 218 2704 1240 1464

Communal lands are mostly registered as Shamlaat. This share is inherited from ancestors. There are no landless families. The cadastral record of water and land share/rights for Killi Sardar Akhter was maintained and last updated in 1968, in which it is registered as Moza Adozai. In sub-project, land rights are held by individuals. The farmers of area have inherited practice of water distribution in which water rights are sold with land. Every farmer has an allocated time at main canal and distributaries. The distribution of water starts from head of channel and ends at tail. Each channel has its own fixed distribution cycle, usually 12 days, scheduled during day and night. At present most of land is irrigated through tubewells, they have equal water rights on surface water without any conflict according to time division rule and they ensured that they will follow this current rule of water distribution/right in future as well.

The community showed willingness for the construction of new headwork. Channel lining for right bank command areas as all 9 villages have command areas mostly on right bank and if possible for some command area on left bank.

4.4.5 IR and IP screening IR and issues related to IP were assessed for sub-project in line with ADB SPS and standard checklists. During field visits, it was confirmed that subproject proposed for rehabilitation will be implemented on existing alignment of irrigation channels as well as other structures. The proposed rehabilitation works will be confined in existing ROWs. The construction of new canals/irrigation structures or change of alignment will not be involved. Following this approach, rehabilitation and of subproject is not expecting to have any physical, or economic displacement, therefore, there is no possibility of land acquisition and consequently no involuntary resettlement impacts are anticipated thus subprojects are classified as Category "C” for IR. Table 40 describes details of impacts.

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Table 40: Involuntary resettlement impact categorization checklist Not Yes No Remarks Probable Involuntary Resettlement Effects Known Involuntary Acquisition of Land X The rehabilitation works to improve existing irrigation infrastructure is proposed for sub-projects covered under this pre-feasibility. The 1. Will there be land acquisition? proposed rehabilitation works are to be restricted to the available existing RoW and therefore; no land acquisition is envisaged. 2. Is the site for land acquisition known? X 3. Is the ownership status and current usage of land X to be acquired known? 4. Will easement be utilized within an existing Right X of Way (ROW)? 5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land X There are no structures within RoW. due to land acquisition? X The proposed rehabilitation works are 6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other to be restricted to available existing productive assets due to land acquisition? RoW X The proposed rehabilitation works are 7. Will there be losses of crops, trees, and fixed to be restricted to available existing assets due to land acquisition? RoW 8. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due X to land acquisition? X The proposed rehabilitation works are 9. Will there be loss of income sources and means of to be restricted to available existing livelihoods due to land acquisition? RoW Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas X The proposed rehabilitation works are 10. Will people lose access to natural resources, to be restricted to the available communal facilities and services? existing RoW 11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse X As explained above impact on social and economic activities? 12. Will access to land and resources owned X communally or by the state be restricted? Information on Displaced Persons:

Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by the Project? [ ] No [ ] Yes If yes, approximately how many? ______

Are any of them poor, female-heads of households, or vulnerable to poverty risks? [ ] No [ ] Yes Are any displaced persons from indigenous or ethnic minority groups? [ ] No [ ] Yes Note: The project team may attach additional information on the project, as necessary. The subproject is located in district Zhob of Balochistan where no indigenous or ethnic minorities (EM), .as ADB SPS describes them to be, was found living in or around selected subproject. All persons are Muslim and they do not recognize themselves as IPs. The ADB's policy on IPs is therefore not triggered. Therefore this subproject is categorized as "C" for IPs and no IP’s plan will be needed.

Table 41 describes details of impacts.

Table 41: Indigenous peoples impact categorization form

A. Project Data Country/ Project Title: ADB TA:8800:PAK: Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Department/ Division: CWER Processing Stage:  Retroactive Financing: New Project: X

Lending Project Loan Financial Intermediation Loan or Equity Investment  69

Modality: Program Loan16 Emergency Loan  X Sector Loan SDP Loan

Categorization Status: New X Re-classification Previous Category

B. Identification of indigenous peoples in project area

Impact on indigenous peoples (IPs)/ Not Yes No Remarks or identified ethnic minority(EM) known problems, if any Are there IPs or EM groups present in project locations? X

Do they maintain distinctive customs or economic activities that may make them vulnerable to X hardship?

Will the project restrict their economic and social activity and make them particularly vulnerable in X the context of project?

Will the project change their socioeconomic and cultural integrity? X

Will the project disrupt their community life? X

Will the project positively affect their health, education, livelihood or social security status? X

Will the project negatively affect their health, X education, livelihood or social security status? Will the project alter or undermine the recognition of their knowledge, preclude customary behaviors X or undermine customary institutions? In case no disruption of indigenous community life as a whole, will there be loss of housing, strip of X land, crops, trees and other fixed assets owned or controlled by individual indigenous households? C. Anticipated project impacts on indigenous peoples

Project activity and output Anticipated positive effect Anticipated negative effect 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

D. Decision on Categorization

After reviewing the answer above, the head Environment and Social Unit (ESU) agree that the project:

Should be categorized as an A project, an Indigenous Peoples Development Plan (IPDP) is required or, for sector/FI projects, an Indigenous Peoples Development Framework (IPDF) is required

Should be categorized as a B project, a specific action favorable to indigenous peoples/ethnic minority is required and addressed through a specific provision in RRP and in related plans such as a Resettlement Action Plan, a Gender Action Plan or a general Community Participatory Plan

X Should be categorized as a C project, no IPDP/IPDF or specific action required

16 Applies to program loans with investment components. 70

Project Team Comments: The project area is falling in District Khuzdar of Balochistan Province and there is no Indigenous People in the project area.

To minimize resettlement and other social adverse impacts, proposed rehabilitation works shall be carried out along existing available RoW and all works shall be restricted inside existing ROWs. If in case, any unavoidable change in alignment or new interventions required during detailed design, BID needs to address issue in line with LARF prepared for BWRDP.

4.4.6 Environment assessment The environmental assessment requirements of the Balochistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (Amended 2013) are different from those of ADB. The GoB environmental regulations categorize development projects into two schedules, according to their anticipated potential environmental impact. The proponents of projects with potential for more adverse environmental impacts (Schedule II) are required to submit an EIA. While, for proponents of projects with potential for less environmental impact (Schedule I), must submit an IEE with respective EPA. The schedules are given in Table 42.

An environmental assessment using ADB’s REA checklist for irrigation as given in Table 43, was conducted and results of assessment show that sub-project is unlikely to cause significant adverse environmental and social impacts. The sub-project is classified as Category B, thus an IEE is required.

Table 42: Schedule I of water sector projects requiring an IEE Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 million m3 or surface area less Water Management, Dams, Irrigation and than 8 km2. Irrigation and drainage projects Flood Protection serving less than 15000 ha. Small-scale irrigation systems with total cost less than Rs. 50 million.

Sub-project cost as per conceptual design is greater than 50 million rupees is only be requirement that leads to EIA.

Rapid environmental assessment (REA) checklist Instructions:  This checklist is to be prepared to support environmental classification of a sub-project. It is to be attached to environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to Chief Compliance Officer of Regional and Sustainable Development Department.  This checklist is to be completed with assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.  This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on: (i) involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.  Answer questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Pakistan/Balochistan Water Resources Development Project

Sector Division: Zhob River – Sub Project [Killa Sardar FIS (Flood Dispersal Structure with Weir, Sluice Channel and Gated Outlet Irrigation Network)].

Table 43: Screening questions for environmental assessment Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Sitting

Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? Protected Area17  Project design will provide measures to

17 Zhob River ends in Gomal Zam River which is also a wetland and a protected status for wildlife sanctuary. 71

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ensure minimum flow required. Wetland  Mangrove  Estuarine  Buffer zone of protected area  Special area for protecting biodiversity18 Project design will provide measures to  ensure minimum flow required. B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will the Project cause Loss of precious ecological values (e.g. Result of encroachment into forests/swamplands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of  hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)?

Conflicts in water supply rights and related social EMP will provide measures to avoid conflicts?19 conflicts by adopting local and  traditional water rights mechanism already exists in area. Impediments to movements of people and animals? Project design shall include facilities for  easy access of people and animals. Potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream  capacity? Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?  Over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization  and ground subsidence? Impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses  of water? Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?  Potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and  land use issues? Soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?  Noise from construction equipment? Noise control measures to be specified  in EMP. Impacts are transient. Dust? Dust control measures to be specified  in EMP. Impacts are transient. Labor-related social problems especially if workers Control measures to be specified in  from different areas are hired? EMP. Impacts are transient. Waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate Project design shall ensure proper  drainage and farm management? drainage design. Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive application of  irrigation water? Reduction of downstream water supply during peak  seasons? Soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due to excessive application of  fertilizers and pesticides? Soil erosion (furrow, surface)?  Scouring of canals?  Logging of canals by sediments?  Clogging of canals by weeds?  Seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater  systems? Introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or  water related diseases?

18 Zhob River starts from Qila Saifullah specifically near Muslim Bagh which is famous for Apples and passes through whole Qila Saifullah and Zhob where they have stands of Wild Olives and Chilghoza which have conservation significance as it is threaten habitat. 19 Already Gomal Zam Dam is taking water from Zhob River which may cause conflict. 72

4.4.7 Agriculture

At present, agricultural productivity is low in sub-project due to inadequate irrigation system in sub-project. The existing cropped area is 230 ha with 100% cropping intensity followed by annual cropping pattern wheat – kharif vegetables – orchard. The design for agriculture for sub-project was made keeping in view current irrigated cropped area, cropping intensity, yield and production in sub-projects through findings of agronomic field survey in and around sub-project. Sub-project development will enrich existing cropped area from 230 ha to 276 ha and cropping intensity will be enhanced from 100% to 120%. The gross irrigation requirement and detailed existing and proposed/projected agriculture analysis is given in Appendix IV.

It is expected that cropping intensity will increase up to 120% would be completed within 5 to 6 years after commencement of sub-project. The cropping pattern will change with high yield and profitable crops. Efficient crop management can increase profits of local farmers and decrease their costs involved in fruit production. Considering agricultural, economic and social potential sub-project is included in BWRDP. After implementation of this sub-project sufficient water will be available for design command area. The economic and financial analysis indicted EIRR of 25.23%and a FIRR of 25.37%. Summary of the economic and financial analysis is given in Appendix IV. 73

Figure 32: Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project – layout plan

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Figure 33: Infiltration gallery – plan and sections

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Figure 34: Water channel typical sections

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Figure 35: Typical fall structure

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Figure 36: Time division structure 78

Appendix I: Ahmedzai Perennial and Flood Irrigation Sub-project

Table I.1: Gross irrigation water requirement of Ahmedzai sub-project Conveyance efficiency 82% Field efficiency 80% Irrigation efficiency 65% Command Area

Fodder Kh. veg Garlic Wheat Apple / Apricot % 607 Hectares Months 6 22 15 31 46 120 Area in (ha) 38 136 89 187 277 728 Apr 3 8 11 14 40 73 May 6 24 30 15 81 149 Jun 8 44 28 0 75 148 Jul 9 35 13 0 61 115 Aug 9 21 0 0 48 85 Sep 9 0 0 0 45 57 Oct 5 0 0 16 9 31 Nov 3 0 0 15 4 23 Dec 1 0 0 13 2 18 Jan 0 0 0 7 0 9 Feb 0 0 0 6 0 10 Mar 0 0 0 10 0 14 Annual Demand (Hectare-Meter) 728 Annual Demand (MCM) 7.3 Maximum Demand (Cumec) 0.57 79

Table I.2: Agriculture with and without project in Ahmedzai sub-project Crop Kh - Veg Fodder Pulse Melon Apple / Apricot Garlic Wheat Total

Area (ha) 85 85 42 61 69 427 49 36 Cropping intensities (%) 14 14 8 6 7 10 11 70

Project Yield (Kg/ha) 9650 17,500 600 6,900 6000 7,600 1,975

Without Production (Tons) 820 1488 29 248 252 464 136 Area (ha) 136 38 0 0 277 89 187 728 Cropping intensities (%) 22 6 0 0 46 15 31 120

With Yield (Kg/ha) 18500 27,200 0 0 13500 9,500 3,650

Project Production (Tons) 2516 1034 0 0 3740 846 683

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Table I.3: Economic and financial analysis of Ahmedzai sub-project

Benefits From Farming Million Rs. Scenario Conditions Area (ha) Farm GVP NVP Cost Without Project 427 74.41 21.16 53.25 Main Crops - Financial Prices With Project 728 242.1 45.6 196.5 Without Project 427 70.75 21.16 52.93 Main Crops - Economic Prices With Project 728 226.1 46.0 180.05 Khushkaba Farming - Financial Prices With Project 200 27.38 2.26 23.13 Khushkaba Farming - Economic With Project 200 23 4 19 Prices Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 52 2.4 0.3 2.0 Financial Prices Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 52 1.6 0.3 1.3 Economic Prices Benefits From Livestock (Rangeland) Yearly Net Revenue of Production From Livestock Livestock (Cattle, Sheep, Goat and Poultry) in Million Rs. Year Financial Value Economic Value of NRP of NRP 1 0.67 0.61 2 4.85 4.36 3 5.82 5.23 4 6.98 6.28 5 8.37 7.54 6 10.05 9.04 Gender Economic and Financial Activity Benefits From Health "With Project" (Benefits) In Million Rs. Analysis Financial Economic According to Women Labor Wage 1.13 0.79 Rates Women Economic Activity in Poultry, 0.38 0.34 Tailoring and Embroidery Sector Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Financial Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) FIRR 27.73% Economic Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) EIRR 25.85% 81

Appendix II: Sabakzai Irrigation Rehabilitation Sub-project

Table II.1: Gross irrigation water requirement of Sabakzai irrigation rehabilitation sub-project Conveyance efficiency 82% Field efficiency 80% Irrigation efficiency 65% Command Area Kharif Veg. Pulse Garlic Wheat Apple / Apricot Rab. Veg 1000 Hectares % Months 25 11 11 25 42 6 120 Area (ha) 250 106 112 249 419 64 1200 Apr 13 0 12 17 58 0 101 May 38 0 33 19 107 0 198 Jun 72 0 31 0 109 0 211 Jul 57 0 14 0 96 0 167 Aug 35 0 0 0 75 0 110 Sep 0 0 0 0 73 0 73 Oct 0 1 0 20 15 0 37 Nov 0 11 0 18 8 5 42 Dec 0 7 0 16 3 3 28 Jan 0 0 0 9 0 1 10 Feb 0 0 0 9 0 2 11 Mar 0 0 0 10 0 0 11 Annual Demand (Hectare-Meter) 998 Annual Demand (MCM) 10 Maximum Demand (Cumec) 0.80

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Table II.2: Agriculture with and without project in Sabakzai irrigation rehabilitation sub-project CCA – 1000 ha

Crop Kh-Veg Pulses Garlic Apple / Apricot Wheat Rabi-Veg Total Area (ha) 100 120 150 140 320 170 1000 Cropping intensities (%) 10 12 15 14 32 17 100 Yield (Kg/ha) 9650 600 7600 6000 1975 12400

Project Without Production (Tons) 965 72 1140 840 632 2108

Area (ha) 250 106 112 419 249 64 1200 Cropping intensities (%) 25 11 11 42 25 6 120

With Yield (Kg/ha) 18500 1105 9500 13500 3650 17800

Project Production (Tons) 4625 117 1064 5657 909 1139

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Table II.3: Economic and financial analysis of Sabakzai irrigation rehabilitation sub-project Benefits From Farming Million Rs. Scenario Conditions Area (ha) GVP Farm Cost NVP Without Project 1000 165.30 65.74 99.56 Main Crops - Financial Prices With Project 1200 494.8 74.0 420.8 Without Project 1000 156.43 65.74 90.69 Main Crops - Economic Prices With Project 1200 469.4 74.2 395.16 Khushkaba Farming - Financial Prices With Project 350 59.4 7.6 51.8 Khushkaba Farming - Economic Prices With Project 350 51.3 7.6 43.7 Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 350 3.0 0.4 2.5 Financial Prices Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 350 2.8 0.4 2.4 Economic Prices Benefits From Livestock (Rangeland) Yearly Net Revenue of Production From Livestock Livestock (Cattle, Sheep, Goat and Poultry) in Million Rs. Year Financial Value Economic Value of NRP of NRP 1 0.43 0.38 2 2.95 2.65 3 3.54 3.18 4 4.24 3.82 5 5.09 4.58 6 6.11 5.50 Gender Economic and Financial Activity Benefits From Health "With Project" (Benefits) In Million Rs. Analysis Financial Economic According to Women Labor Wage Rates 1.55 1 Women Economic Activity in Poultry, 0.35 0.32 Tailoring and Embroidery Sector Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Financial Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) FIRR 14.92% Economic Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) EIRR 14.53%

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Appendix III: Siri Toi Storage Dam Irrigation Sub-project

Table III.1: Gross irrigation water requirement of Siri Toi water storage dam irrigation sub-project Conveyance efficiency 82% Field efficiency 80% Irrigation efficiency 65% Command Area Kharif Veg. Pulse Garlic Wheat Apple/Apricot Rab. Veg 4,027 Hectares % Months 20 20 16 24 20 20 120 Area (ha) 805 806 644 966 805 806 4,832 Apr 43 0 71 67 113 0 293 May 125 0 193 74 209 0 601 Jun 234 0 178 0 211 0 622 Jul 186 0 84 0 186 0 455 Aug 113 0 0 0 146 0 259 Sep 0 0 0 0 143 0 143 Oct 0 9 0 80 29 0 118 Nov 0 84 0 71 16 59 230 Dec 0 51 0 62 6 36 155 Jan 0 0 0 34 0 16 51 Feb 0 0 0 36 1 21 58 Mar 0 0 0 40 0 0 41 Annual Demand (Hectare-Meter) 3,026 Annual Demand (MCM) 30 Maximum Demand (Cumec) 2.37

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Table III.2: Agriculture with and without project in Siri Toi water storage dam irrigation sub-project CCA – 4027 ha Crop Kh - Veg Pulse Apple / Apricot Wheat Garlic Rabi - Veg Total Area (ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cropping intensities (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yield (Kg/ha) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Project Without Production (Tons) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Area (ha) 805 806 805 966 644 806 4,832 Cropping intensities (%) 20 20 20 24 16 20 120

With Yield (Kg/ha) 18500 1105 13500 3650 9,500 17800 Project Production (Tons) 14893 891 10868 3526 6118 14347

86

Table III.3: Economic and financial analysis of Siri Toi Storage Dam irrigation sub-project

Benefits From Farming Million Rs. Scenario Conditions Area (ha) GVP Farm Cost NVP Without Project - - - - Main Crops - Financial Prices With Project 4832 2,101 296 1,805 Without Project - - - - Main Crops - Economic Prices With Project 4832 1,925 296 1,629 Khushkaba Farming - Financial With Project 361 41.7 4.3 37.4 Prices Khushkaba Farming - Economic With Project 361 35.0 4.3 30.7 Prices Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 3750 30.4 4.7 25.8 Financial Prices Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 3750 25.6 4.3 21.3 Economic Prices Benefits From Livestock (Rangeland) Yearly Net Revenue of Production From Livestock Livestock (Cattle, Sheep, Goat and Poultry) in Million Rs. Year Financial Value Economic Value of NRP of NRP 1 2.80 2.52 2 21.63 19.46 3 25.95 23.36 4 31.14 28.03 5 37.37 33.63 6 44.84 40.36 Gender Economic and Financial Activity Benefits From Health "With Project" (Benefits) In Million Rs. Analysis Financial Economic According to Women Labor Wage 1.65 1.15 Rates Women Economic Activity in Poultry, Tailoring and Embroidery 0.38 0.34 Sector Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Financial Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) FIRR 17.22% Economic Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) EIRR 16.58% 87

Appendix IV: Killi Sardar Akhter Perennial Irrigation Sub-project

Table IV.1: Gross irrigation water requirement of Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project Conveyance efficiency 82% Field efficiency 80% Irrigation efficiency 65% Command Area Kharif Apple / Fodder Garlic Wheat Melon 230 Hectares % Veg. Apricot Months 5 35 14 35 19 11 120 Area (ha) 12 81 33 81 43 25 276 Apr 1 5 4 7 9 4 29 May 2 13 10 8 13 8 54 Jun 3 25 9 0 0 7 44 Jul 3 20 4 0 0 6 33 Aug 3 12 0 0 0 5 20 Sep 3 0 0 0 0 6 8 Oct 2 0 0 7 0 1 10 Nov 1 0 0 7 0 1 8 Dec 0 0 0 6 0 0 7 Jan 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 Feb 0 0 0 4 2 0 6 Mar 0 0 0 6 3 0 10 Annual Demand (Hectare-Meter) 235 Annual Demand (MCM) 2.35 Maximum Demand (Cumec) 0.19 Source: Food and Agricultural Organization and CropWat software. 88

Table IV.2: Agriculture with and without project in Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub-project

Kharif Crops Fodders Onion Pulse Apple / Apricot Garlic Wheat Rabi Vegetables Total Vegetables Melon Area (ha) 46 34 14 23 18 30 12 30 23 230 Cropping intensities (%) 20 15 6 10 8 13 5 13 10 100 Yield (Kg/ha) 9650 17500 12400 600 6900 6000 7600 1975 12400

Project Without Production (Tons) 444 595 174 14 124 180 91 59 285 Area (ha) 81 12 0 0 43 25 33 81 0 276 Cropping intensities (%) 35 5 0 0 19 11 14 35 0 120

With Yield (Kg/ha) 18500 27200 18000 1105 13000 13500 9,500 3650 17800 Project Production (Tons) 1499 326 0 0 559 338 314 296 0

89

Table IV.3: Economic and financial analysis of Killi Sardar Akhter perennial irrigation sub- project Benefits From Farming Million Rs. Scenario Conditions Area (ha) GVP Farm Cost NVP Without Project 230 55.44 15.89 39.55 Main Crops - Financial Prices With Project 276 106.5 13.7 92.8 Without Project 230 49.12 15.89 33.23 Main Crops - Economic Prices With Project 276 95.7 13.7 82.1

Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 22 1.0 0.1 0.84 Financial Prices

Watershed & Rangeland Farming - With Project 22 0.6 0.1 0.5 Economic Prices Benefits From Livestock (Rangeland) Yearly Net Revenue of Production From Livestock Livestock (Cattle, Sheep, Goat and Poultry) in Million Rs. Year Financial Value Economic Value of NRP of NRP 1 2.23 2.00 2 6.23 5.61 3 7.48 6.73 4 8.97 8.08 5 10.77 9.69 6 12.92 11.63 Gender Economic and Financial Activity Benefits From Health "With Project" (Benefits) In Million Rs. Analysis Financial Economic According to Women Labor Wage Rates 1.63 1.14 Women Economic Activity in Poultry, 0.38 0.34 Tailoring and Embroidery Sector Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Financial Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) FIRR 25.37% Economic Internal Rate of Return (Base Model) EIRR 25.23%

90

Appendix V: Watershed Management and Command Area Development Interventions at Sub-projects of Zhob River Basin

Table V.1 Watershed management works of Ahmedzai No. Watershed Management Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount (PKR)

Development of earthen micro-catchments 1 52 Hectares 35,000 1,820,000 (eyebrow terraces) – Contract to VWC

Digging of pit, addition of compost, termite 2 treatment and plantation of trees 52 Hectares 28,000 1,456,000 (timber/forest/arid fruits) – Contract to VWC

3 Seeding of native grasses – Contract to VWC 30 Hectares 3,000 90,000

Loose stone and Gabion Structures for 4 Critical Locations – small check structures – 1 Number 20,000 20,000 Contract to VWC Water Storage Ponds for Establishing the

5 Plantation and recharge to groundwater 1 Number – 150,000 150,000 Contract to VWC

Total Cost of Watershed Management Interventions 3,536,000

91

Table V.4: Command area development works in the perennial irrigation command area of Ahmedzai Command area development works in the Perennial Irrigation Command Area of Ahmedzai No. Command Area Development Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount PKR) Construction of lined watercourses along with 1 Meters 3,100 7,812,000 associated structures 2,520 Provision of Laser leveler complete units (Laser transmitter, receiver, scrapper, soil digging 3 Number 1,000,000 10,000,000 implement, etc.) to local tractor rentals at 25% cost 10 sharing by the rental services and 75% by project Provision of bed former, shaper and planter and reversible moldboard ploughs to the local tractor 4 Number 250,000 2,750,000 rentals at 25% cost-sharing by rental service and 11 75% by project Katcha tracks for farm to nearby shingle road 6 – Meter 250 687,500 Contract to FOs 2,750 Rough and/or Laser land Levelling support to the 7 Hectares 25,000 15,175,000 command area 607

Total Cost of Command Area Development (million Rs.) 36,424,500.00

Table V.5: Watershed management works of Siri Toi No. Watershed Management Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount (PKR)

Development of earthen micro-catchments 1 3750 Hectares (eyebrow terraces) – Contract to VWC 35,000 131,250,000

Digging of pit, addition of compost, termite

2 treatment and plantation of trees 3750 Hectares 28,000 105,000,000 (timber/forest/arid fruits) – Contract to VWC

3 Seeding of native grasses Contract to VWC 3750 Hectares – 3,000 11,250,000

Loose stone and Gabion Structures for

4 Critical Locations small check structures 400 Number – – 20,000 8,000,000 Contract to VWC Water Storage Ponds for Establishing the

5 Plantation and recharge to groundwater 100 Number – 150,000 15,000,000 Contract to VWC

Total Cost of Watershed Management Interventions 270,500,000

92

Table V.8: Command area development works in the perennial irrigation command area of Siri Toi Command area development works in the Perennial Irrigation Command Area of Sri Toi Dam No. Command Area Development Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount PKR) Construction of lined watercourses along with 1 Meters 3,100 249,550,000 associated structures 80,500 Provision of Laser leveler complete units (Laser transmitter, receiver, scrapper, soil digging 3 Number 1,000,000 41,000,000 implement, etc.) to local tractor rentals at 25% cost 41 sharing by the rental services and 75% by project Provision of bed former, shaper and planter and reversible moldboard ploughs to the local tractor 4 Number 250,000 10,250,000 rentals at 25% cost-sharing by rental service and 41 75% by project Katcha tracks for farm to nearby shingle road 6 – Meter 250 15,125,000 Contract to FOs 60,500 Rough and/or Laser land Levelling support to the 7 Hectares 25,000 100,675,000 command area 4,027

Total Cost of Command Area Development (million Rs.) 416,600,000.00

Table V.9: Watershed management works of Killa Sardar No. Watershed Management Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount (PKR)

Development of earthen micro-catchments 1 22 Hectares (eyebrow terraces) – Contract to VWC 35,000 770,000

Digging of pit, addition of compost, termite

2 treatment and plantation of trees 20 Hectares 28,000 560,000 (timber/forest/arid fruits) – Contract to VWC

3 Seeding of native grasses Contract to VWC 2 Hectares – 3,000 6,000

Loose stone and Gabion Structures for

4 Critical Locations small check structures 1 Number – – 20,000 20,000 Contract to VWC Water Storage Ponds for Establishing the

5 Plantation and recharge to groundwater 1 Number – 150,000 150,000 Contract to VWC

Total Cost of Watershed Management Interventions 1,506,000

93

Table V.12: Command area development works in the Perennial Irrigation Command Area of Killa Sardar No. Command Area Development Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount PKR) Construction of lined watercourses along with 1 Meters 3,100 1,705,000 associated structures 550 Provision of Laser leveler complete units (Laser transmitter, receiver, scrapper, soil digging 3 Number 1,000,000 5,000,000 implement, etc.) to local tractor rentals at 25% cost 5 sharing by the rental services and 75% by project Provision of bed former, shaper and planter and reversible moldboard ploughs to the local tractor 4 Number 250,000 1,250,000 rentals at 25% cost-sharing by rental service and 5 75% by project Katcha tracks for farm to nearby shingle road 6 – Meter 250 90,000 Contract to FOs 360 Rough and/or Laser land Levelling support to the 7 Hectares 25,000 5,750,000 command area 230

Total Cost of Command Area Development (million Rs.) 13,795,000.00

Table V.13: Watershed management works of Sabakzai No. Watershed Management Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount (PKR)

Development of earthen micro-catchments 1 350 Hectares (eyebrow terraces) – Contract to VWC 35,000 12,250,000

Digging of pit, addition of compost, termite

2 treatment and plantation of trees 350 Hectares 28,000 9,800,000 (timber/forest/arid fruits) – Contract to VWC

3 Seeding of native grasses Contract to VWC 350 Hectares – 3,000 1,050,000

Loose stone and Gabion Structures for

4 Critical Locations small check structures 25 Number – – 20,000 500,000 Contract to VWC Water Storage Ponds for Establishing the

5 Plantation and recharge to groundwater 6 Number – 150,000 900,000 Contract to VWC

Total Cost of Watershed Management Interventions 24,500,000

94

Table V.16: Command area development works in the Perennial Irrigation Command Area of Sabakzai Command area development works in the Perennial Irrigation Command Area of Sabakzai No. Command Area Development Interventions Quantity Unit Rate Amount PKR) Construction of lined watercourses along with 1 Meters 3,100 10,075,000 associated structures 3,250 Provision of Laser leveler complete units (Laser transmitter, receiver, scrapper, soil digging 3 Number 1,000,000 12,000,000 implement, etc.) to local tractor rentals at 25% cost 12 sharing by the rental services and 75% by project Provision of bed former, shaper and planter and reversible moldboard ploughs to the local tractor 4 Number 250,000 2,500,000 rentals at 25% cost-sharing by rental service and 10 75% by project Katcha tracks for farm to nearby shingle road 6 – Meter 250 500,000 Contract to FOs 2,000 Rough and/or Laser land Levelling support to the 7 Hectares 25,000 25,000,000 command area 1,000

Total Cost of Command Area Development (million Rs.) 50,075,000.00 95

Appendix VI: Financial Analysis of Sub-projects Ahmedzai integrated perennial irrigation sub-project

Financial Analysis

Project Cost Benefits Net Year Benefits Sub-project Existing Command (M.Rs) Development O&M Total Watershed Khushkaba Total Benefits Area Cost

1 118.8 0.0 118.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -118.8

2 118.8 0.0 118.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -118.8

3 2.4 2.4 53.3 48.44 0.01 1.0 (3.8) (6.1)

4 2.4 2.4 53.3 72.63 0.10 3.2 22.7 20.3

5 2.4 2.4 53.3 100.70 0.42 6.2 54.1 51.7

6 2.4 2.4 53.3 124.34 1.03 10.0 82.1 79.7

7 2.4 2.4 53.3 162.10 1.88 15.7 126.5 124.1

8 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

9 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

10 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

11 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

12 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

13 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

14 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

15 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

16 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

17 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

18 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

19 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

20 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

21 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0

22 2.4 2.4 53.3 196.50 2.05 23.1 168.4 166.0 FIRR 27.73%

96

Ahmedzai integrated perennial irrigation sub-project

Economic Analysis

Project Cost Benefits

Net Year Benefits Sub-project Existing Command (M.Rs) Development O&M Total Watershed Khushkaba Total Benefits Area Cost

1 112.8 0.0 112.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -112.8

2 112.8 0.0 112.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -112.8

3 2.3 2.3 52.9 43.8 0.0 0.8 (8.4) (10.6)

4 2.3 2.3 52.9 66.2 0.0 2.7 16.1 13.8

5 2.3 2.3 52.9 91.8 0.3 5.3 44.4 42.1

6 2.3 2.3 52.9 114.0 0.7 8.4 70.2 67.9

7 2.3 2.3 52.9 149.0 1.4 13.5 111.0 108.7

8 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

9 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

10 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

11 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

12 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

13 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

14 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

15 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

16 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

17 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

18 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

19 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

20 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

21 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

22 0.0 2.3 2.3 52.9 180.0 1.3 18.8 147.2 144.9

EIRR 25.85%

97

Sabakzai water storage dam command area Financial Analysis Project Cost Benefits Net Year Sub-project Benefits Existing Command Development O&M Total Khushkaba Watershed Total (M.Rs) Benefits Area Cost

1 294.3 0.0 294.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -294.3 2 294.3 0.0 294.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -294.3 3 5.9 5.9 99.6 49.8 2.4 0.0 (47.4) (53.3) 4 5.9 5.9 99.6 95.0 8.1 0.1 3.7 -2.2 5 5.9 5.9 99.6 121.4 14.9 0.4 37.2 31.3 6 5.9 5.9 99.6 147.9 24.0 0.9 73.2 67.3 7 5.9 5.9 99.6 197.3 36.3 2.0 136.0 130.1 8 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 9 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 10 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 11 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 12 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 13 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 14 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 15 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 16 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 17 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 18 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 19 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 20 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 21 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 22 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 23 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 24 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 25 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 26 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 27 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 28 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 29 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 30 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 31 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 32 5.9 5.9 99.6 222.9 51.8 2.5 177.6 171.8 FIRR 14.92%

98

Sabakzai water storage dam command area

Economic Analysis

Project Cost Benefits Net Year Sub-project Benefits Existing Khushkaba Command Development O&M Total Watershed Total (M.Rs) Benefits Farming area Cost

1 279.5 0.0 279.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -279.5 2 279.5 0.0 279.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -279.5 3 5.6 5.6 90.7 2.0 43.6 0.0 (45.1) (50.7) 4 5.6 5.6 90.7 6.7 87.1 0.1 3.1 -2.5 5 5.6 5.6 90.7 12.4 111.9 0.4 33.9 28.4 6 5.6 5.6 90.7 20.0 136.7 0.8 66.8 61.2 7 5.6 5.6 90.7 30.5 183.3 1.9 125.0 119.4 8 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 9 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 10 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 11 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 12 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 13 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 14 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 15 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 16 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 17 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 18 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 19 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 20 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 21 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 22 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 23 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 24 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 25 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 26 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 27 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 28 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 29 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 30 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 31 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 32 5.6 5.6 90.7 43.7 207.4 2.4 162.8 157.2 EIRR 14.53%

99

Siri Toi water storage integrated irrigation dam Financial Analysis Project Cost Benefits Net Year Sub-project Perennial Benefits Existing Khushkaba Development O&M Total Watershed Command Total (M.Rs) Benefit Farming Cost Area 1 2178 0.0 2178.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2178.0 2 1633.5 0.0 1633.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1633.5 3 1633.5 0.0 1633.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1633.5 4 54.5 54.5 0.0 2.0 0.5 133.0 135.4 81.0 5 54.5 54.5 0.0 5.7 2.1 359.6 367.4 313.0 6 54.5 54.5 0.0 10.0 6.1 726.9 743.0 688.6 7 54.5 54.5 0.0 15.6 12.1 1005.4 1033.0 978.6 8 54.5 54.5 0.0 23.1 21.5 1405.2 1449.7 1395.3 9 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 10 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 11 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 12 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 13 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 14 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 15 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 16 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 17 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 18 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 19 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 20 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 21 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 22 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 23 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 24 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 25 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 26 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 27 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 28 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 29 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 30 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 31 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 32 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 33 54.5 54.5 0.0 37.4 25.8 1804.8 1867.9 1813.5 FIRR 17.22%

100

Siri Toi water storage integrated irrigation dam Economic Analysis Project Cost Benefits Net Year Sub-project Perennial Benefits Existing Khushkaba Development O&M Total Watershed Command Total (M.Rs) Benefit Farming Cost Area

1 2069.1 0.0 2069.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2069.1 2 1551.8 0.0 1551.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1551.8 3 1551.8 0.0 1551.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1551.8 4 51.7 51.7 0.0 3.0 0.3 116.3 119.5 67.8 5 51.7 51.7 0.0 4.7 1.6 322.2 328.4 276.7 6 51.7 51.7 0.0 8.4 4.8 653.7 666.9 615.2 7 51.7 51.7 0.0 13.3 9.8 904.8 927.9 876.2 8 51.7 51.7 0.0 21.1 17.8 1266.0 1304.9 1253.2 9 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 10 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 11 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 12 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 13 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 14 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 15 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 16 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 17 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 18 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 19 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 20 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 21 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 22 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 23 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 24 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 25 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 26 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 27 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 28 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 29 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 30 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 31 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 32 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 33 0.0 51.7 51.7 0.0 30.7 21.3 1628.8 1680.8 1629.1 EIRR 16.58%

101

Killa Sardar Akhter integrated irrigation sub-project

Financial Analysis

Project Cost Benefits Net Year Sub-project Total Benefits Existing Command Development O&M Total Watershed (M.Rs) Benefits area Cost

1 49.4 0.0 49.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -49.4

2 49.4 0.0 49.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -49.4

3 1.0 1.0 39.6 38.1 0.0 (1.4) (2.4)

4 1.0 1.0 39.6 52.4 0.04 12.9 11.9

5 1.0 1.0 39.6 62.2 0.2 22.8 21.8

6 1.0 1.0 39.6 74.0 0.4 34.8 33.8

7 1.0 1.0 39.6 88.0 0.7 49.2 48.2

8 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

9 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

10 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

11 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

12 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

13 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

14 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

15 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

16 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

17 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

18 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

19 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

20 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

21 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1

22 1.0 1.0 39.6 92.8 0.8 54.1 53.1 FIRR 25.37%

102

Killa Sardar Akhter integrated irrigation sub-project

Economic Analysis

Project Cost Benefits

Net Year Benefits Sub-project Existing Command (M.Rs) Development O&M Total Watershed Total Benefits area Cost

1 46.9 0.0 46.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -46.9

2 46.9 0.0 46.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -46.9

3 0.9 0.9 33.2 33.6 0.0 0.4 (0.5)

4 0.9 0.9 33.2 46.7 0.0 13.4 12.5

5 0.9 0.9 33.2 55.2 0.1 22.1 21.1

6 0.9 0.9 33.2 65.5 0.3 32.5 31.6

7 0.9 0.9 33.2 77.9 0.5 45.2 44.2

8 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

9 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

10 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

11 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

12 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

13 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

14 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

15 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

16 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

17 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

18 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

19 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

20 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

21 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

22 0.0 0.9 0.9 33.2 82.1 0.5 49.4 48.4

EIRR 25.23%

103

Appendix VII: REPORT ON COMPLAINT OVER SIRI TOI/ TANGI WAR DAM CORE SUB-PROJE CT A- APPROACH

This with reference to a complaint registered by (i) Muhammad Karim, (ii) Haji Muhammad Khan and (iii) Haji Shah Baz Khan through email address [email protected].

In response to this complaint, the Chief Engineer BID has written a letter to the concerned Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner for looking into the matter. The letter is attached herewith as Annex-VII-A.

In addition, to look into the matter, the PPTA Consultant Resettlement, Social & Gender Specialist along with Sub-Consultant for Integrated Survey visited the project site on 23rd May to 24th May, 2017. The team interacted with the Deputy Commissioner Zhob and Communities/beneficiaries falling in the command of the proposed Siri-Toi/Tangi War Dam. The findings are detailed in this report.

In the first day of meeting (i.e. 23rd May) with the Deputy Commissioner (DC) Zhob, the PPTA Team requested DC to facilitate the team with Patwari (Mr.Nawaz) and Qanoongo (Mr.Shahjehan) of Revenue Department Zhob to assess the land ownership in the light of revenue record transparently. Accordingly, the PPTA team was facilitated by DC with the Qanoongo and Patwari of Revenue Department Zhob for site visit. The Integrated Survey Team organized another meeting with the DC and Revenue Department on 6th June, 2017 to speed up the presenting of their report over the matter.

The visit was paid along with the communities/beneficiaries and revenue department concerned on the same day and the required cadastral record was obtained. The next day (i.e. 24th May) the team along with Tribal Jirga/Community Representatives (see Table-VII.1) and Revenue Department concerned, again interacted with the DC to brief him about the findings of the site visit.

Table-VII.1: Names of community representatives No. Name of Community Father’s Name Clan Village Name 1 QariRepresentative Sana-Ul-Haq Hazrat Abdul Haq Ahmadkhel Hazrat Sahib 2 Muhammad Zahid Muhammad Rafiq ArabzaiKarezi Sra Ghundi 3 Haji Abdul Rauf Moulana Abdul ArabzaiSyedokhel Hazrat Sahib 4 Haji Rahim MalikHaq Dad Khan ArabzaiSyedokhel Bobi Arabzai 5 Malik Haji Noor Khan Muhammad ArabzaiSyedokhel Nave Oba 6 Haji Muhammad Shafiq MuhammadDaraz Rafiq ArabzaiSyedokhel Sra Ghundi 7 Malik Muhammads Zaman Malik Sultan ArabzaiSyedokhel Tora Darga Advocate Muhammad Syedokhel

B- COMPLAINANT(s) GRIEVANCE STATUS

In the email, the complainant expressed following concerns with respect to designing and constructing of the proposed Siri Toi/Tangi War Dam in Zhob District of Balochistan as the status/response is given in the following Table VII.2; 104

Table VII.2: Status of Reported Grievances No. Grievances Status 1 All the concerned parties working in As the project is to be implemented through participatory the ambit i.e. from social team to approach; therefore; the PPTA Team carried out the overall surveyor has been reporting the surveys (reconnaissance- topographic & detailed socio- matter absolutely free of any economic) required for the feasibility of project with close reservation though the equitable land coordination and consultation of the likely concerned distribution in societies like ours will beneficiaries. Without coordination and consultation with throw the stake holders into bloody the concerned communities, none of the above step is feuds rather than bringing prosperity possible and feasible. if not followed with justice. It is The land distribution aspects are reported in pre-feasibility therefore requested that the land report of the PPTA Consultant. distribution among all the stake As per TOR, the PPTA Consultant hired services of Sub- holders without any discrimination, Consultant to undertake Integrated Surveys of all potential according to tribal rites and rituals (39 in Zhob & Mula River Basins) and schemes selected for and the long agreed or new system 100 million USD including the Siri Toi Dam. As the sub- whichever the elders decides should project was selected as Core Sub-Project under the ADB be carried in real, prior to keeping the BWRDP, accordingly; as per ADB SPS, frequent and very basic stone of the Dam meaningful consultation in the project area was carried out otherwise we will request ADB let us by the Integrated Survey Team of PPTA along with EA/ID according to our well existing staff based in Zhob to make aware the beneficiaries or situation and if it is carried without the likely affectees (if any) about the proposed development. consent of the stakeholders will This consultation will be part of the PPTA Social, Poverty & produce serious consequences and Gender Assessment Report. then all will be answerable for this During the Integrated Survey for the Siri Toi Core Sub- mishaps. Project, about 20864 landholding households (settled in 17 villages) were recorded with the consultation of the local people who help in preparing/documenting the list of legal landholders in the command of the proposed dam. However; these concerns were not reported/ observed at all during the survey period. This concern/issue was raised during the ADB workshop in Serena Hotel Quetta on 8th and 10th April, 2017 while the field survey was completed and accordingly it was made part of the pre-feasibility report and immediately the community/beneficiaries of Siri Toi/Tangi War Dam was sensitized to resolve the matter amicably. The first complainant is settled in Quetta and status is non- resident. In the light of the reported concern and reference of the Chief Engineer Balochistan Irrigation Department Letter to the concerned Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner, the PPTA team re-visited the site in consultation with the Deputy Commissioner and with the assistance of Patwari and Qanoongo of the Revenue Department Zhob on 23rd and 24th May, 2014. The findings are reported in the Section-C of this report. 2 It has also been learnt through Before; selection of the Siri Toi/Tangiwar Dam sub-project, various meetings and discussions a long list of schemes was provided by the ID to select the that this dam is used as a political potential schemes on the basis of a well-established mileage for some eminent figures of multiple scheme selection criteria prepared by PPTA the day, it is requested that ADB consultant in consultation with the Balochistan Irrigation should construct the same Dam at his Department. Therefore; this Siri Toi/Tangi War Dam sub- or their own doorstep rather than project is selected on the basis of abovementioned criteria throwing us, the very miserable rather than political grounds. corner into massacre.

3 It is worth to mention here that the The land record is registered with the Revenue Department pre- feasibility survey report of the Zhob in the name of Mouza Ahmadkhel Tappa Gastoi. It is team says (sub project 3.3.1 confirmed with the representative of the each Clan, that the 86,87and 88) that the land is land is distributed on the level of Caln as well as equitably distributed and says that the Segmentary lineage. As committed by the community, land owners are interested in Dam further distribution on the level of unit household is in construction instead of the fact that progress likely to be completed before the commencement

20 As revenue record is lastly updated around 1969-70 and the total number of landholders in the revenue record is 306. Therefore; the record is around 47 years old and The PPTA tam collected updated data of landholding households which is all over 864. 105

No. Grievances Status the techno consultant and the of the proposed project works. For clarification see Section- aforementioned authorities have been D as well as report of revenue department and DC Zhob in sent mail at their mail addresses Annex-VII-C. (which is sent to you as a ready reference) if these authorities may please be asked that they have ever gone through the mail or responded it. 4 It is also hereby mentioned that the As reported above; after this complain in Serena in surveyors have been sent back by February, the communities/beneficiaries of the Siri the grieved people if this incident is Toi/Tangi War Dam was sensitized to resolve the matter, ever mentioned before, if not then the the PPTA Engineers with the Mr. Sharafgan interest of these authorities may (Superintending Engineer ID) visited the site and the this please be inquired that why are they grievance was not raised again. Therefore; the reporting the matter on false Topographic Survey team was mobilized to undertake the statements . survey in time. 5 It is imaginable that the command As discussed above, the Tribal Jirga committed to area is situated at the brink of Sri Toi accomplish the land distribution before commencement of river with abundant underground the project works. In addition, there are two kind of water water but there is not even one acre resources; perennial flow of the river and flash floods. In piece of land that has ever been peak season, the perennial flow is not reaching to the cultivated is due to this fact that whole command area except a small piece in the reservoir unless or until it is not distributed will of the dam while the in context of flood water, the be the same stretch of barren land or community does not have the capacity to diver the flood otherwise will be irrigated with blood water for irrigation. For further clarification see report of by snatching precious lives of the Revenue Department and DC in Annex-II. poor masses, may God forbid. 6 It is also mentioned here that the pre- As discussed above, most of the land is distributed on the feasibility survey say that the level of Segmentary Lineage (see Annex VII-B). However; command area will be cultivated further distribution to the level of unit household is verbally within three years, we assure here committed by the Community Representatives/ tribal Jirga that it will never be cultivated unless it (See Table VII.4) to complete before the commencement of is distributed prior to dam the project works. construction. 7 The hon’ble project officer we are going to keep our concluding remarks or aim as follows and nothing less than that will be acceptable to us The dam reservoir is unsettled land and is currently We are poor people and our main ownership of the Hazarat Sahib village and they {Hazrat source of livelihood is pastoral Sahib} have committed with the project team to dedicate economy since we have been sent to this piece of land for the anticipated benefits of the this earth and the dam body area proposed project without any compensation. solely belongs to us exclusive of In addition, there is an agreement reached in 2016 other clans of irrebzai tribe, is the between the tribal elders of the project communities only area with perennial flow and including the Mr. Shehbaz (who is only one complainant lea/pastures for our animals and no had legal land rights in the Mouza Ahmadkhel) and they involuntary/forced resettlement will be have committed to dedicate the land for the proposed dam. acceptable to us in case we are tried This agreement is substantiated over a legal stamp paper for involuntary resettlement will be and reflected with this report as Annex-VII-C. approached through court.

No dam will be acceptable without No involuntary resettlement is envisaged under the equitable land distribution and all the proposed dam plan. The acquisition of the land is required concerned line departments and which has been cleared in the earlier statements. wings working on the project are requested to pay heedful attention to this matter and refrain from throwing the feeble masses into tribal feuds As discussed above, the Community Representatives/ and bloodshed or the motto of the Tribal Jirga committed to accomplish the land distribution ADB should not be at least the before commencement of the project works. reason for the mishaps.

C- PPTA FIELD FINGINS The findings of the site visit and meeting with the DC is elaborated as follows; The land record of the project area is registered with the Revenue Department Zhob in the name of Mouza Ahmadkhel. As per revenue record, there are (see Table VII.3). Awaras in Mouza Amadkhel having following names and land size;

106

Table VII.3 : Land Record/Name of Awaras & Distribution Status S# Name of Awara 1 Kali Zam 2 Kachi 3 Kashkalvi 4 Sawal Gari 5 Sakahni 6 Neknawal 7 Ismail Kachi 8 Mohbat Kachi 9 Maril Ghundi/Surki 10 Murgha Lakki/Doshana Ghara 11 Kaz Kalvi Kass 12 Dulat Aghbargi 13 Nikhal 14 Kazha Bala 15 Mulakhi 16 Suri Qamar 17 Spin Wah 18 Sur Naghar/Thor Thagham Source: Revenue Department & Community Consultation

The revenue record established on 19th November, 1969, reveals that the total registered land is 213,981 acres and 34 poles. The irrigated land is 91 acres and 38 poles while un-irrigated land is 3878 acres, 3 rods and 38 poles. The record indicates that most of the land under Mouza Ahmadkhel is distributed among the landholders.

During site visit, the Patwari and Qanoongo of the Revenue Department Zhob declared the proposed dam axis point and reservoir area as unsettled. As per opinion of the Revenue Department, the unsettled land rights go to the people settled in the area. As reported by the community of Hazrat Sahib Village, this piece of land is called Bagheecha, Hazrat Sahib Bandat or Sara Kach and currently ownership of Qari Sana-ul-Haq (Hazart Sahib Family). In the pat a flour mill was operating in this area. Reportedly, this piece of land has been purchased by Hazrat Sahib Family from Davi Clan of Arabzai Ahmad Khel. The Hazrat Sahib family voluntarily dedicated this piece of land for the proposed Siri Toi Dam Project in response of the anticipated benefits of the project.

As per integrated survey conducted for the Core-Subproject, the main tribe living in the sub-project area belongs to the Arbzai clan of Mandokhail. The name of villages along with the number of land shareholders are given in the following Table VII.4;

Table VII.4: List of Villages along with No of Landholding Households and Population

No of Name of Sub- Water/Landholding Popula Fem project No. Village Names Households tion Male ale 1 Tora Darga 262 2725 1219 150 6 2 Killi Hazrat Sahib 48 2251 1070 118 1 3 Killi Surghundi 36 273 121 152 4 Killi Nave Oba 75 548 230 318 Sri Toi Dam 5 85 618 267 351 Killi Bobi Irrabzai 6 Killi Ashai 15 87 39 48 Kasi/Fakhri 7 Killi Omvani Shpa 17 139 62 77 8 Killi Gada Khel 61 1926 893 103 3 9 Killi Zawai 20 546 268 278

21 The unsettled land is not part of this area. 107

No of Name of Sub- Water/Landholding Popula Fem project No. Village Names Households tion Male ale 10 Killi Tor Ghundi 37 559 277 282 11 Killi Sunkasi 48 894 423 471 12 Killi Rodh 33 595 283 312 Ahmadkhel 13 Killi Doshana Hazrat 20 228 109 119 Sahib 14 Killi Landi Bobi 45 658 297 361 15 Killi Loi Mina 29 347 156 191 16 Killi Shahwaz 10 129 64 65 17 Killi Qatal Khan 23 388 172 216 Total 864 12911 5950 696 Source: Up-to-date information is collected with the consultation of the concerned Communities1

I. The above table indicates that there are 864 land shareholders households with total population of 12911 heads. As per up-to-date progress over the matter, the complainants are only of three (03) out of 864. It indicates that the 861 households are in favor of the proposed dam while only 3 households are in disfavor. II. As reported by the community, the complainants are belonging to Davi clan of Arabzai Ahmed Khel is the owner of the land namely 22Swarlas Guni situated on peaks of the mountains in the catchment of the proposed dam and Sra as well as Nikhal located downstream of the dam. None of these land falling in the 23primary impact zones of the proposed dam. However; as per revenue department and DC report, only one complainant have share of land in the command area. III. In addition to the above, the community of the proposed dam project have formed a committee consisting of the tribal elders to be representing all clans will settle the matter through tribal approach. This step is anticipated to be taken immediately after Eid (at the end of June).

D- REPORT OF DEPUTY COMMISSIONER ZHOB

As discussed earlier, in response to the Letter of Chief Engineer EA/ID to concerned Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner Zhob, accordingly; the Revenue Department and DC submitted their reports and is attached here with as Annex VII-B. Some of the key points of the report are illustrated below which support the above findings of the PPAT team that;  The site for the proposed dam is unsettled land.  The settled area in Mouza Ahmadkhel is 3970 ha owned by the residents. About 8 ha is owned by the Government.  The number of land owners (Patidaar) as per record is 307. It indicates that the land is distributed among the land owners.  The report reveals that the complainants are only 3 out of the total landholders.  The complainants Mr. Muhammad Karim and Muhammad Khan do not have land right in the Mouza/project area. Only complainant Mr. Shehbaz had 2 ha of registered land in Mouza.  The project area had thousands of unsettled land and the dam site is located in that piece of land.  Furthermore; the report of DC is providing legal guidance that in case, if a person does not have land share in Mouza, then the same person does legally not deserve for the communal land (Shamilaat) in the same Mouza.

22 Beyond Mouza Ahmadkhel. 23 The zones/areas where the proposed engineering works like construction of dam axis, dyke, spillway and irrigation canals will be carried out. 108

Annex-VII A LETTER OF CHIEF ENGINEER EA/ID TO COMISSIONER & DEPUTY

COMMISIONER ZHOB 109

110

Annex-VII B REPORT OF REVENU DEPARTMENT AND DEPUTY COMMISSIONER ZHOB

111

112

113

114

Annex-VII C COMMUNITY AGREEMENT OVER LEGAL STAMP PAPER

115