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ISSN Print : 0377 - 2969 ISSN Online : 2306 - 1448 Vol. 51(1), March 2014 OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES C O N T E N T S Volume 51, No.1, March 2014 Page Research Articles Engineering Sciences Designing of Hydraulic Fracture Job and Perfromance Analysis of Extremely Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs 1 — Muhammad Khurram Zahoor and Faisal Mehmood Assessment of Operation and Catastrophic Risks of Transport Gasifier Pilot Plant 9 — Shahid Naveed, Naveed Ramzan and Anam Asghar Public Perceptions to Travel Demand Management Measures in Lahore, Pakistan: Analysis and Implications 17 — Muhammad A. Javid, Toshiyuki Okamura, Fumihiko Nakamur A, Shinji Tanaka and Rui Wang Power Draw, Solid Suspension and Liquid Mixing in a Non-standard Stirre 31 Tank Reactor fitted with a Retreat Curve Impeller — Muddasar Habib, Jamil Ahmed, Mohammad Jaffar, Unsia Habib, Abdul Rehman Memon, Taimur Ahmad Kaka Khel, Farooq Khan KHalil, Faisal Abbasi and Muhammad Haris Nisar Life Sciences Laboratory Evaluation of Imidacloprid against Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae) 43 — Farkhanda Manzoor, Sumaira Saleem and Moneeza Abbas Studies in Three Species of Dictyota (Phaeophycota) from Karachi Coast of Pakistan 49 — Alia Abbas and Mustafa Shameel Taxonomic Studies of Freshwater Algae from Taxila, Pakistan 61 — M.M. Khalid, A. Nabiha, Bazgha Zia, Rohina Bashir and Mustafa Shameel Physical Sciences W ebsite: www Computation and Modeling of the Variability in Electron Concentration and Refractive Index for F2 67 Layer at Pakistan Region — Syed Nazeer Alam, Muhammad Ayub Khan Yousuf Zai and Akbar Ali Jilani Wind Speed Analysis of Some Coastal Areas near Karachi 83 — M.A. Hussain, Shaheen Abbas, M.R K. Ansari, Asma Zaffar and Bulbul Jan Citations of the PAS Fellows Elected in 2013 93 Citation of the PAS Foreign Fellow Elected in 2013 95 .paspk.org Obituary: Prof. Dr. Shahzad Ahmad Mufti 97 Instructions for Authors 99 PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN HEC Recognized, Category X; PM&DC Recognized PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Founded 1953 President: Atta-ur-Rahman. Secretary General: Anwar Nasim Treasurer: N. M. Butt Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, published since 1964, is official journal of the Academy, published quarterly. This open access journal publishes research papers and reviews in basic and applied sciences. All papers are peer reviewed. Authors are not required to be Fellows or Members of the Academy, or citizens of Pakistan. Editor-in-Chief: Abdul Rashid, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3-Constitution Avenue, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Discipline Editors: Engineering Sciences & Technology: Abdul Raouf, 36-P, Model Town, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Life Sciences: Kauser A. Malik., Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Medical Sciences: M. Salim Akhter, 928, Shadman Colony-I, Lahore-54000, Pakistan; [email protected] Physical Sciences: M. Aslam Baig, National Center for Physics, QAU Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board: Syed Imtiaz Ahmad, Computer Information Systems, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA; [email protected] Niaz Ahmed, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; [email protected] M.W. Akhter, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; [email protected] M. Arslan, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Khalid Aziz, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Roger N. Beachy, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA; [email protected] Arshad Saleem Bhatti, CIIT, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Zafar Ullah Chaudry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan; [email protected] John William Christman, Dept. Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; [email protected] Uri Elkayam, Heart Failure Program, University of Southern California School of Medicine, LA, CA, USA; [email protected] E. A. Elsayed, School of Engineering, Busch Campus, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; [email protected] Tasawar Hayat, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Ann Hirsch, Dept of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; [email protected] Josef Hormes, Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; [email protected] Fazal Ahmed Khalid, Pro-Rector Academics, GIKI, TOPI, Pakistan; [email protected] Abdul Khaliq, Chairman, Computer Engineering, CASE, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Asad Aslam Khan, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; [email protected] Iqrar A. Khan, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Autar Mattoo, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA; [email protected] Anwar Nasim, House 237, Street 23, F-11/2, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] M. Abdur Rahim, Faculty of Business Administration, University of New Burnswick, Fredericton, Canada; [email protected] M. Yasin A. Raja, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA; [email protected] Martin C. Richardson, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; [email protected] Hamid Saleem, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan; [email protected] Annual Subscription: Pakistan: Institutions, Rupees 2000/- ; Individuals, Rupees 1000/- Other Countries: US$ 100.00 (includes air-lifted overseas delivery) © Pakistan Academy of Sciences. Reproduction of paper abstracts is permitted provided the source is acknowledged. Permission to reproduce any other material may be obtained in writing from the Editor-in-Chief. The data and opinions published in the Proceedings are of the author(s) only. The Pakistan Academy of Sciences and the Editors accept no responsibility whatsoever in this regard. HEC Recognized, Category X; PM&DC Recognized Published by Pakistan Academy of Sciences, 3 Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-5 1-920 7140 & 921 5478; Fax: 92-51-920 6770; Website: www.paspk.org; Email: [email protected] Printed at PanGraphics (Pvt) Ltd., No. 1, I & T Centre, G-7/l, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: 92-51-220 2272, 220 2449; Fax: 92-51-220 2450; Email: [email protected] OF THE PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES C O N T E N T S Volume 51, No.1, March 2014 Page Research Articles Engineering Sciences Designing of Hydraulic Fracture Job and Perfromance Analysis of Extremely Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs 1 — Muhammad Khurram Zahoor and Faisal Mehmood Assessment of Operation and Catastrophic Risks of Transport Gasifier Pilot Plant 9 — Shahid Naveed, Naveed Ramzan and Anam Asghar Public Perceptions to Travel Demand Management Measures in Lahore, Pakistan: Analysis and Implications 17 — Muhammad A. Javid, Toshiyuki Okamura, Fumihiko Nakamur A, Shinji Tanaka and Rui Wang Power Draw, Solid Suspension and Liquid Mixing in a Non-standard Stirre 31 Tank Reactor fitted with a Retreat Curve Impeller — Muddasar Habib, Jamil Ahmed, Mohammad Jaffar, Unsia Habib, Abdul Rehman Memon, Taimur Ahmad Kaka Khel, Farooq Khan KHalil, Faisal Abbasi and Muhammad Haris Nisar Life Sciences Laboratory Evaluation of Imidacloprid against Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae) 43 — Farkhanda Manzoor, Sumaira Saleem and Moneeza Abbas Studies in Three Species of Dictyota (Phaeophycota) from Karachi Coast of Pakistan 49 — Alia Abbas and Mustafa Shameel Taxonomic Studies of Freshwater Algae from Taxila, Pakistan 61 — M.M. Khalid, A. Nabiha, Bazgha Zia, Rohina Bashir and Mustafa Shameel Physical Sciences Computation and Modeling of the Variability in Electron Concentration and Refractive Index for F2 67 Layer at Pakistan Region — Syed Nazeer Alam, Muhammad Ayub Khan Yousuf Zai and Akbar Ali Jilani Wind Speed Analysis of Some Coastal Areas near Karachi 83 — M.A. Hussain, Shaheen Abbas, M.R K. Ansari, Asma Zaffar and Bulbul Jan Citations of the PAS Fellows Elected in 2013 93 Citation of the PAS Foreign Fellow Elected in 2013 95 Obituary: Prof. Dr. Shahzad Ahmad Mufti 97 Instructions for Authors 99 Submission of Manuscripts: Manuscripts may be submitted online at www.paspk.org or as E-mail attachment. Authors must consult the Instructions for Authors at the end of this issue and at the Website: www.paspk.org Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences 51 (1): 1–8 (2014) Pakistan Academy of Sciences Copyright © Pakistan Academy of Sciences ISSN: 0377 - 2969 (print), 2306 - 1448 (online) Research Article Designing of Hydraulic Fracture Job and Performance Analysis of Extremely Low Permeability Oil Reservoirs Muhammad Khurram Zahoor* and Faisal Mehmood Petroleum and Gas Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract: In case of extremely low permeability reservoirs, stimulation techniques are mostly required to enhance the production of wells. During these times of energy crises unconventional reservoirs have got significant importance. In such situations, proper designing and execution of hydraulic fracture job (HFJ) is required to produce wells at attractive production rates. By using this technique, wells can produce more, resulting in higher production from the reservoirs. In this paper, a hydraulic fracture job has been designed and its impact on oil production has been estimated by performing pre- and post-fracture reservoir performance calculations, using developed SMART software. While conducting
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