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102 Advances in Current Natural Sciences № 6, 2015 102 BIoLoGICaL sCIEnCEs (03.01.00, 03.02.00, 03.03.00) УДК 61 ПРедВаРИТЕЛЬНая СВОДКА ВИдоВ ВОДНыХ БеСПозВоНоЧНыХ ЖИВоТНыХ ЦеНТРалЬНОГО ПРедкаВКАЗЬя (СеВеРНый каВКАЗ) И ПРИЛЕГАЮЩИХ ГОРНыХ ТеРРИТоРИй дементьев м.С. Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет (СКФУ), Ставрополь, e-mail: [email protected] Проведен обзор водных многоклеточных животных Центрального Предкавказья и прилегающих гор- ных территорий (Северный Кавказ). В список внесены животные, которые хотя бы один раз упоминались в источнике информации – личные данные, Интернет и литература. С целью облегчения международного цитирования номенклатурное название и систематическое положение каждого отдельного вида приводилось к принятой в международной практике как международное nomen validum. Были выявлены различия между российской и международной номенклатурой видов. Расширение биоразнообразия в последние годы связа- но с ирригационным объединением водных систем рек Кубани, Терека, Дона и Волги. Работа предназначена для фиксации современного биоразнообразия и определения наиболее перспективных групп животных для дальнейшего изучения молодыми учеными. ключевые слова: Центральное Предкавказье, прилегающие горные территории, водные многоклеточные животные, от губок до млекопитающих PRELIMINARY SUMMARY AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES CENTRAL CISCAUCASIA (NORT CAUCASUS REGION) AND ADJACENT MOUNTAIN AREAS Dementev M.S. North Caucasus Federal University (NCFU), Stavropol, e-mail: [email protected] a review of aquatic multicellular animals Central Caucasus and adjacent mountain areas (north Caucasus region). In the list made by animals that even once mentioned in the source of information is personal data, Internet and literature. To facilitate international citation item name and systematic position of the individual was cited to accepted in international practice as an international nomen validum. The differences between Russian and international nomenclature of species. The expansion of biodiversity in recent years is due to the irrigation association water systems of the rivers Kuban, Terek, Don and Volga. The work is intended for fixation of contemporary biodiversity and identify the most promising groups of animals for further study. Keywords: Central Ciscaucasia, adjacent mountain areas, water multicellular animals, from sponges to mammals Основой для этой работы послужили ма- ближается к четырехзначной цифре, но без териалы более чем тридцатилетней практиче- использования их материала, как опублико- ской и научной работы (начиная с 80-х годов ванного (несколько тысяч наименований), прошлого века) на водоемах и инкубацион- так и переданного в частном порядке авто- ных комплексах данного региона. Это личные ру, подобный обзор не мог быть составлен. записи, а также данные из научно-исследова- Некоторые отклонения по сравнению тельских отчетов КрасНИИРХ, ВНИИР, АЗ- с материалами коллег, литературы и отчета- НИИРХ, НПК «Плюс» и других организаций, ми в систематическом плане связаны с тем, где автор был руководителем или ответствен- что в сводке приведены названия видов, ко- ным исполнителем работ. торые учитываются в международной прак- В качестве дополнительного материа- тике в соответствии с существующими база- ла были использованы определительные ми данных – World Register of Marine species источники и другие публикации по изуча- (WoRMs), Integrated Taxonomic Information емому региону. В этой связи следует отме- system (ITIs), Fauna Europaea (FaEu), pan- тить и выразить огромную благодарность European species directories Infrastructure ученым, посвятившим свои исследования (pEsI portal), Wikispecies, ZipcodeZoo и не- водным животным региона из Адыгеи, Ка- которые другие. В случаях, когда валидность бардино-Балкарии, Калмыкии, Карачаево- вида расходилась в международных базах Черкесии, Краснодарского и Ставрополь- и российских источниках, предпочтение ского краев, Ростовской области, Северной всегда отдавалось первым. Если в междуна- Осетии (рисунок). Технические возможно- родных базах данных российских названий сти не позволяют привести список работ видов не обнаруживалось, то это специаль- коллег, незримо участвующих в проведен- но оговаривалось в приводимом описании. ном исследовании, так как их число при- В основном это связано с отсутствием обще- aDVanCEs In CURREnT naTURaL sCIEnCEs № 6, 2015 БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ науки (03.01.00, 03.02.00, 03.03.00) 103 принятого современного понимания вида, heteromeyenia stepanowii и Trochospongilla как систематической единицы. В частности, horrida. Вместе с рыбами-акклиматизанта- в литературе все чаще объявляется об об- ми ожидается проникновение, в основном наружении новых видов, валидность кото- в тепловодные водоемы ТЭЦ, и других ви- рых признается по существу лишь самими дов губок. авторами этих работ. Точно также оказыва- Тип CNIDARIA (COELENTERATA) – ется, что несколько «новоявленных» видов Стрекающие или кишечнополостные в международном понимании признаются как один вид. Всего в России известно до 10 видов Все животные описаны в максимально пресноводных и солоноватоводных стрека- упрощенной систематической последова- ющих животных. В нашем регионе встре- тельности с приближением к традицион- чаются: hydra circumcincta (син. h. attenu- ной. Это вызвано тем, что в современной ata), h. oligactis, h. oxycnida, h. viridissima зоологической науке представлено множе- (син. Chlorohydra viridissima) и H. vulgaris. ство новых предложений по систематике В перспективе возможно вселение и дру- животных, особенно их отдельных групп. гих видов. Например, для Маныча есть Центральное Предкавказье и прилегающие горные территории с основными точками наблюдений автора Подцарство METAZOA – единичное указание на появление pro- многоклеточные животные tohydra leuckarti. Например, это солонова- Под этим именем объединяют всех жи- товодная кордилофора каспийская в реке вотных, кроме простейших или одноклеточ- Маныч (Cordylophora caspia) имеющая ных (protozoa). Всего этих животных суще- только полипные формы с прикреплен- ственно более 1,5 млн видов. ными медузами. Только медузоидное по- коление имеет Maeotias marginata (син. Тип PORIFERA (SPONGIA) – губки M. inexpectata = olindias inexpectata). Реже Всего известно до 15 видов европей- встречается эндемик Каспийского моря ских пресноводных губок. В изучаемом Moerisia pallasi (син. Caspionema pallasi). регионе наиболее распространена озерная Появились новые виды, такие как odessia бадяга (spongilla lacustris). Реже встреча- maeotica (син. Moerisia maeotica) с медуза- ются другие губки: Ephydatia fluviatilis, ми и полипами. Широко распространилась E. muelleri, Eunapius carteri (ранее spongilla в совершенно пресных водоемах краспеда- carteri), Eu. fragilis (ранее spongilla fragilis), куста или амазонская пресноводная медуза УСПЕХИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ЕСТЕСТВОЗНАНИЯ № 6, 2015 104 BIoLoGICaL sCIEnCEs (03.01.00, 03.02.00, 03.03.00) Craspedacusta sowerbii (син. C. sowerbyi). baueri, a. carparum, a. hypophthalmichthydis, В местах содержания осетровых рыб ино- a. isoporum, a. markewitschi, a. transversale, гда встречается паразитическая polypodium aphanurus stossichi, apharyngostrigea cornu, hydriforme. В обрастаниях судов в район за- asymphylodora demeli, a. imitans, a. kubani- падного Маныча проник балтийский вид – cum, a. tincae, azygia lucii, Bacciger bacci- Garveia franciscana (син. Bougainvillia me- ger, B. сochinensis, Bucephalus polymorphus, gas) и очень вероятно Blackfordia virginica. Bunocotyle cingulata, Bunodera luciopercae, В обрастаниях сетных материалов на Ма- Crepidostomum auriculatum, C. farionis, ныче был встречен полип Clava multicornis. C. metoecus, Deropristis hispida, Diplosto- mum commutatum, haplosplanchnus pachy- Тип PLATHELMINTHES – somus, hemiurus appendiculata, Lecithaster Плоские черви confusus, nicolla skrjabini, orientocreadium класс TURBELLARIA – Ресничные siluri, parasymphylodora markewitschi, pa- черви или Турбеллярии ratimonia gobii, phyllodistomum angulatum, Как правило, это свободноживущие пло- ph. elongatum, ph. folium, ph. pseudofolium, ские черви, реже паразитические. В России ph. simile, podocotyle atherinae, pseudopenta- около 100 видов. Существуют указания на gramma symmetricum, pseudosphaerostomum встречаемость в изучаемом регионе следую- caudotestis, pygidiopsis genata, Rhipidocotyle щих видов: archimacrostomum rubrocinctum campanula, Rh. kovalae, sanguinicola armata, (син. Macrostomum rubrocinctum), Bdello- s. inermis, s. skrjabini, s. volgensis, skrjabi- cephala punctata, Bothromesostoma personatum, nopsolus semiarmatus, sphaerostomum bra- Castrada hofmanni, С. lanceola, С. neocomen- mae и s. globiporum. sis, С. perspicua, С. tatarica, С. viridis, Castrella У земноводных и пресмыкающихся truncata, Dalyellia penicilla, D. viridis, Dendro- в регионе встречаются, как минимум, сле- coelopsis lagonakii, Dendrocoelum caucasicum, дующие виды трематод: ascarops strongyli- D. gefoense, D. lacteum, D. mamkaevi, D. su- na, astiotrema monticelli, Brandesia turgida, perficiale, Dugesia gonocephala, D. lugubris, Candidotrema loossi, Diplodiscus subclava- D. praecaucasica, D. taurocaucasica, Geocen- tus, Encyclometra colubrimurorum, Glypthel- trophora baltica, Gieysztoria cuspidate, G. expe- mins diana, Gorgodera asiatica, G. cygnoides, dita, G. infundibuliformis, G. rubra, G. triguetra, G. loossi, G. microovata, G. pagensteche- G. virgulifera, Gyratrix hermaphroditus, Macros- ri, G. varsoviensis, Gorgoderina skrjabini, tomum clavistylum, M. finnlandense, M. lutheri, G. vitelliloba, haematoloechus asper, h. va- M. mosquense, M. rhabdophorum, M. rostratum, riegatus, halipegus ovocaudatus, haplometra
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