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Agenda 10/4/2017 Per 2 Agenda 10/4/2017 Per 2. • Slip Quiz • Distillation diagram - add to • Isotopes Pogil - check • Modern Model of the Atom • In search of giants video • Notes • Average Atomic Mass pogil • Homework Slip Quiz 1.Which of the following pairs show 2 atoms with 37 38 the same number of neutrons? Cl and Ar 59 61 Co and Co 32 32 65 67 P and S Zn and Zn 2. There are three stable isotopes of Argon, Argon-36, Argon-38, and Argon-40. What would the atoms of these isotopes have in common. What would be different about these atoms? Slip Quiz 37 38 59 61 Cl and Ar 20n Co and Co 17 18 27 27 32 32 65 67 P and S Zn and Zn 15 16 Slip Quiz 2. The three stable isotopes of Argon, Argon-36, Argon-38, and Argon-40, would all have 18 protons and 18 electrons if they are all neutral. The three isotopes will have different numbers of neutrons compared to each other (18, 20, and 22 neutrons respectively). Other physical processes that we might use to separate a mixture • Distillation (for liquids with different bpt) • physical processes that we might use to separate a mixture • Distillation (for liquids with different bpt) • • Boiling point - is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external or atmospheric temperature. At the boiling pointCopy molecules this information throughout down the liquid haveunderneath enough theenergy distillation to vaporize. Bubblesdiagram of vapor you collect printed below out -the or on surface theof the back. liquid and rise to the surface. (p. 406) • physical processes that we might use to separate a mixture • Distillation (for liquids with different bpt) • • Boiling point - is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external or atmospheric temperature. At the boiling point molecules throughout the liquid have enough energy to vaporize. Bubbles of vapor collect below the surface of the liquid and rise to the surface. (p. 406) Boiling point - is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external or atmospheric temperature. At the boiling point molecules throughout the liquid have enough energy to vaporize. Bubbles of vapor collect below the surface of the liquid and rise to the surface. (p. 406) How elements, compounds, substances, and mixtures define all matter. physical changes blood gasoline salt NaCl oxygen sugar milk steel (O ) dirt (alloys) 2 baking gold soda ethanol iron Check on your Isotopes packet. 3b. The whole number in each box of the periodic table is the atomic number of the element. What does the atomic number of an element represent? The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. The number of protons is what we use to define a particular element and give it its name. Check. 3c. Where is the atomic number located in the isotope symbol ? The lower left corner of the isotope symbol is where the atomic number is written. Check. 4. How many protons are in all chlorine (Cl) atoms? 17 protons ; atomic number = 17 b) “I think that some chlorine atoms have 16 protons.” Check. 4. How many protons are in all chlorine (Cl) atoms? 17 protons ; atomic number = 17 b) “I think that some chlorine atoms have 16 protons.” This is not correct because an atom that has 16 protons, has atomic number 16 and it would be a sulfur atom. Check. 5. a) How is the mass number determined? Mass number is determined by adding the number of protons and number of neutrons together. b) Why is this number called a “mass” number? Check. 5. a) How is the mass number determined? Mass number is determined by adding the number of protons and number of neutrons together. b) Why is this number called a “mass” number? In an atom the particles that carry the majority of the mass of the atom are the protons and the neutrons. When you have counted them all up you will have the approximate mass of that atom in atomic mass units (amu). 6. Atom I Atom II Number of 5 9 protons Number of 6 7 neutrons Mass 11 16 number Check. 7. a) The mass number is in the upper left corner of the isotope symbol. b) The mass number is shown as a numeral following the name of the atom, separated by a hyphen. Examples: carbon-12, hydrogen-3 Check. 8. 11 16 B F 5 9 9. Boron-11 Fluorine-16 Check 12. Isotope Definition: Isotopes are atoms of the same element (same atomic number and hence each atom has same number of protons) but with different numbers of neutrons (different mass numbers) from each other. Check. 11. a) All isotopes of an element have the same atomic number. In Model 1 all the carbon isotopes have an atomic number of 6, all the hydrogen isotopes have an atomic number of 1 and all the magnesium isotopes have an atomic number of 12. Check. b) All isotopes of an element do not have the same mass number. The fact that isotopes have different mass numbers is what makes them different isotopes of that particular element. Examples. Isotopes from Model 1 are:- carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, hydrogen-3 magnesium-24, magnesium-25, magnesium-26 Isotopes Extension Questions 14. The number of electrons in each of the atomic diagrams in Model 1 – is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus of the atomic diagrams. a. In a neutral atom the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Isotopes Extension Questions 14. The number of electrons in each of the atomic diagrams in Model 1 – is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus of the atomic diagrams. a. In a neutral atom the number of electrons ... Isotopes Extension Questions 14. The number of electrons in each of the atomic diagrams in Model 1 – is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus of the atomic diagrams. a. In a neutral atom the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Isotopes Extension Questions 14b. Atoms are “neutral” meaning they have no overall electrostatic charge. The positive charge in the nucleus caused by the presence of protons is “cancelled” out (when we view the atom as a whole) by the same number of negatively charged electrons in the electron cloud around that nucleus. xp+ + xe- = 0 Isotopes Extension Questions 15. protium - mass number of 1 deuterium - mass number of 2 tritium - mass number of 3 16. Can two atoms with the same mass number ever be isotopes of each other? Explain. NO. If two atoms have the same mass number, they could be identical atoms with the same atomic number and mass number. In this case they would not be isotopes of each other they would be the same isotope. If two atoms have different atomic numbers and just happen to have the same mass numbers, then again they would not be isotopes of each other. These would be different elements all together. Isotopes Extension Questions 17. What characteristics of Model 1 are inconsistent with our understanding of what atoms look like? What is our modern model of the atom? Atoms The size of things 1 nanometer (1 billionth of a meter) 1 nm = 10-9 m Fig. 1 STM topographic image of a single Co atom on Cu(111) shown in a light shaded view. Current 1 nA, sample bias -10 mV, T = 2.3 K. http://www.nist.gov/cnst/epg/atom_manipulation_stm.cfm Powers of 10 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy0 In Search of Giants Part 1 - The Building Blocks of Matter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FWxd78sOZ8 In Search of Giants Part 1 - The Building Blocks of Matter My favorite Scientific Discovery story The Structure of the Atom The Nuclear Atom Model System (part of the universe under consideration and study) https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080222095358.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFZhJt2RJvw Electron riding a light wave •Atoms consist of a “cloud” of fast moving negatively charged electrons surrounding a tiny, extremely dense (or massive, in sense that it contains most of the mass of the atom) nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons • The nucleus contains virtually all of the atom’s mass, but occupies only about one ten-thousandth the volume of the atom • The electrons are held within the atom by their attraction to the positively charged nucleus The Structure of the Atom: Modern View cont. The Strong Nuclear Force protons are held together in the nucleus by the strong nuclear force that acts over short range (short distances) inside the nucleus only and can overcome the electrostatic repulsion between the positive protons (Note: There is accepted data from experiments to support each of these statements.)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBgIMRV895w The Structure of the Atom: Modern View cont. Sub-subatomic particles quarks (up, down, charm, strange, top, bottom) beyond scope of this course; for the scale we need to understand chemical reactions, nuclear atom model is sufficient Experimental Support for Sub-atomic particles: J. J. Thomsen and Discovery of the Electron Nobel Prize .org Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment - Live Demonstration (Backstage Science, Prof. Kennedy) showing existence of nucleus Homework Watch the 2 video clips linked on the previous slide and use your textbook to make notes about these 2 important experiments that helped to generate our modern understanding of atomic structure.
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