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Al-Qaeda and Islamist Militant Influences on Tribal Dynamics
FINAL REPORT AFOSR FA9550-12-1-0096 Al-Qaeda and Islamist Militant Influences on Tribal Dynamics Principle Investigator and Point of Contact David Jacobson, Founding Directopr Professor of Sociology Global Initiative on Civil Society and Conflict University of South Florida Tampa, FL (813) 391-7519 [email protected] December 14, 2015 Period of performance: September 14, 2012 – September 14, 2015 Program Officer Benjamin A Knott, PhD Air Force Office of Scientific Research Program Officer - Trust and Influence 875 N. Randolph St. Arlington, VA 22203 Phone: 703-696-1142 Email: [email protected] The report is 41 pages in length (excluding cover page); please note the Appendix is numbered independently. The report that follows gives an overview of the project, listing of technical advances, outreach and media, sample of findings, pedagogy, publications and a detailed appendix of compiled and collected data sources; and of algorithms related to the Tribalism Index and the HDTI, which were developed by the P.I. for the project (and of important significance for future work. Introduction: Tribal areas, from Afghanistan through to the Sahel are core areas of Islamist militancy. Tribes have played a central role in either supporting or opposing militant entities in their midst. Evidence suggests militant Islamist groups have actively sought out tribal regions for their bases of activity. Prior quantitative research, by the P.I. and by others, has shown that tribalism is an important incubator of Islamist militancy, and the intersection of tribes and Islamist groups is a major factor in the export of religiously motivated violence. (This is a significant factor even into third generation of immigrant communities in Western countries.) Yet this is not a linear relationship, and not all tribes or ethnic groups collaborate with Islamist militants--or the nature of collaboration can be different, from ideological to pragmatic. -
Report on Information and Communication for Development
Policy and Research Programme on Role of Media and Communication in Development Final Project Report April 2010 – March 2012 Grant Reference Number: AG4601 MIS Code: 732-620-029 Contact: James Deane, Head of Policy [email protected] BBC Media Action Bush House, PO Box 76, Strand, London WC2B 4PH Telephone +44 (0) 207 557 2462, Fax +44 (0)207 379 1622, E-mail: [email protected] www.bbcworldservicetrust.org 2 BBC Media Action Policy and Research Programme on the Role of Media and Communication in Democratic Development INTRODUCTION This is the final report of the Policy and Research Programme on the Role of Media and Communication Development. It provides a narrative overview of progress and impact between April 2010 and March 2012 of the DFID funded Policy and Research Programme on the Role of Media in Development, building on an earlier report submitted for activities carried out between April 2010 and March 2011. In 2006 the Department for International Development (DFID) allocated £2.5 million over five years for the establishment of a 'Policy and Research Programme on the Role of Media and Communication in Development' to be managed by BBC Media Action (formerly the BBC World Service Trust). The Programme ran from July 2006 through to March 2012, including a no-cost extension. A small additional contribution to the Programme from the Swedish International Development Agency was received over the period (approximately £300,000 over the period 2009- 2012). In November 2011, DFID reached agreement with the BBC World Service Trust (since January 2012, renamed as BBC Media Action) for a new Global Grant amounting to £90 million over five years. -
HAIL: an Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Computer Science and Engineering Research Computer Science and Engineering Report Number: WUCSE-2006-36 2006-01-01 HAIL: An Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006 Charles M. Kastner This thesis examines in detail the Hardware-Accelerated Identification of Languages (HAIL) project. The goal of HAIL is to provide an accurate means to identify the language and encoding used in streaming content, such as documents passed over a high-speed network. HAIL has been implemented on the Field-programmable Port eXtender (FPX), an open hardware platform developed at Washington University in St. Louis. HAIL can accurately identify the primary languages and encodings used in text at rates much higher than what can be achieved by software algorithms running on microprocessors. Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cse_research Part of the Computer Engineering Commons, and the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Kastner, Charles M., " HAIL: An Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006" Report Number: WUCSE-2006-36 (2006). All Computer Science and Engineering Research. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cse_research/187 Department of Computer Science & Engineering - Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 - St. Louis, MO - 63130 - ph: (314) 935-6160. Department of Computer Science & Engineering 2006-36 HAIL: An Algorithm for the Hardware Accelerated Identification of Languages, Master's Thesis, May 2006 Authors: Charles M. Kastner Corresponding Author: [email protected] Web Page: http://www.arl.wustl.edu/projects/fpx/reconfig.htm Abstract: This thesis examines in detail the Hardware-Accelerated Identification of Languages (HAIL) project. -
Reuters Annual Report 1-11.Indd
Annual Report 2010 | 2011 Reuters Institute for the Study of Annual Report ‘10/‘11 Journalism Preface 04/ Director’s Report 05/ Director of Journalism’s Report: The Year in News 07/ Interview with Robert Picard, Director of Research 09/ RISJ International Impact and Infl uence 11/ The Journalism Fellowship Programme 15/ Visiting Fellows 19/ Research 21/ Publications 27/ Events 30/ Staff 37/ Governance 39/ Benefactors 41/ Appendix: Journalist Fellows 2010–11 42 / 2 Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reuters Institute Annual Report Preface ‘10/‘11 The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism is now international news providers, sponsored by the BBC, the starting to achieve the scale and impact that was its ambition Carnegie Foundation and France 24, was conducting its when it was launched fi ve years ago. The Institute sets out to fi eldwork in pre- and post-revolution Egypt. Our Journalist bridge the gap between academia and media practice and Fellows, past and present, have reported from Egypt and policy in the study of international comparative journalism. Its Libya for news organisations worldwide. foundation has rested on the close relationship between its The Thomson Reuters Foundation has extended our current sponsoring Department at Oxford University, the Department grant which funds our core operations until the end of of Politics and International Relations, and the Thomson 2014. The Department of Politics has agreed to fund a Reuters Foundation, our core funder and sponsor. We are new post-doctoral researcher at the Institute who will deeply grateful to both for their substantial new commitments Tim Gardam develop academic research on media and democracy. -
To: Dr. Ursula Von Der Leyen President of the European Commission Cc: Ms. Věra Jourová Vice-President for Values A
To: Dr. Ursula von der Leyen President of the European Commission cc: Ms. Věra Jourová Vice-President for Values and Transparency Athens, 16 April 2021 Subject: Ensuring journalists’ safety and physical integrity in the EU Dear President von der Leyen, Dear Vice-President Jourová, We are writing to you in relation to the brutal killing of the Greek journalist George Karaivaz. It is regrettably another despicable act, which follows the assassination of Daphne Caruana Galizia in Malta in 2017 and of Ján Kuciak in Slovakia in 2018. Physical threats and violence against journalists have been, unfortunately, on the rise. These crimes can lead to media’s self-censorship and therefore, have a grave chilling effect on freedom of expression, as enshrined in Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Press has a vital role to play in the functioning of a democratic society. Journalists’ public watchdog role is crucial for a democratic society, based on the rule of law. Moreover, it has an instrumental role in ensuring an open and vigorous public debate, thereby reinforcing the public’s trust in our democratic processes. In this regard, we need to do away with the sense of impunity for crimes against journalists. Therefore, we call upon you to use all means at your disposal towards guaranteeing the safety and physical integrity of journalists in the EU. This includes a swift adoption of a Recommendation on the safety of journalists, as outlined in the 2020 European Democracy Action Plan. The Recommendation should have a significant focus on threats against women journalists, who are also increasingly subject to online and offline threats. -
The Rise of Boko Haram
Master Thesis Political Science: International Relations The rise of Boko Haram A Social Movement Theory Approach Author: Iris Visser Student Number: 5737508 MA Research Project Political Science: International Relations Supervisor: Dr. Said Rezaeiejan Second reader: Dr. Ursula Daxecker Date: 25 June 2014 1 Master Thesis Political Science: International Relations The rise of Boko Haram A Social Movement Theory Approach 2 3 Table of contents Political map of Nigeria 6 I. Introduction 7 II. Theoretical framework and literature review 13 III. Methodology 34 Variables 34 Methodological issues 34 Operationalization 35 IV. Background of Nigeria 43 V. The rise and evolution of Boko Haram 51 VI. United States- Nigeria cooperation concerning counterterrorism 59 VII. A political process perspective 64 VIII. A relative deprivation perspective 75 IX. A resource mobilization perspective 91 X. A framing perspective 108 XI. Conclusion 122 Bibliography 127 Appendix: timeline of Boko Haram attacks 139 Number of Boko Haram attacks and resulting deaths 2010-2014 per quarter 139 Timeline of Boko Haram attacks 2010-2014 140 4 5 Map of Nigeria 6 I. Introduction Like many postcolonial states, Nigeria has a turbulent history. The country is plagued by all kinds of violence. There has been civil war,1 crime rates are high,2 communal violence is common, as is sectarian violence3 — and, often along the same lines, political violence4 — while in the south an added problem are conflicts concerning oil.5 One of the biggest problems Nigeria faces today, is that of radical Islamic violence in the north of the country. Whereas communal violence has long been an issue, the rise of radical Islamic groups such as Boko Haram, who function more like a terrorist organization, is relatively new (as it is in most parts of the world). -
City Research Online
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Tasiu Abubakar, A. (2017). Audience Participation and BBC’s Digital Quest in Nigeria. In: Willems, W. and Mano, W. (Eds.), Everyday Media Culture in Africa: Audiences and Users. Routledge Advances in Internationalizing Media Studies. Routledge. ISBN 9781138202849 This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/16361/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] Audience Participation and BBC’s Digital Quest in Nigeria Abdullahi Tasiu Abubakar New technologies are driving changes in the media landscape on a scale and speed never envisaged before. They have impacted on the patterns and trajectories of media production and consumption, altered the spatio-temporal configuration of media-audience relationship, and widened the scope of cross cultural interactions across the globe. But they have also helped intensify the commodification of audiences, allowed manipulation of communicative exchanges, and enhanced communicative capitalism (Dean 2010). -
European Parliament 2014-2019
European Parliament 2014-2019 Committee on International Trade INTA_PV (2018)0219_1 MINUTES Meeting of Monday 19 February 2018, 15.00 – 17.30 and 17.30 – 18.30 (coordinators’ meeting) Tuesday 20 February 2018, 9.00 – 12.30 and 14.30 – 18.30 Brussels Room: Altiero Spinelli (1G-3) 19 February 2018, 15.00 – 17.30 The meeting opened at 15:03 on Monday 19 February 2018, with Bernd Lange (Chair) presiding. 1. Adoption of agenda The draft agenda was adopted in the form shown in these minutes. 2. Chair’s announcements 3. Exchange of views on the implementation of the conflict minerals regulation (Regulation(EU) 2017/821) Jointly with the Committee on Development Speakers: Bernd Lange, Linda McAvan, Iuliu Winkler, Bogdan Brunon Wenta, Signe Ratso (EC), Leonard Mizzi (EC), Guus Houttuin (EEAS), Heidi Hautala, Judith Sargentini, Helmut Scholz, Norbert Neuser, Jan Zahradil (on behalf of Emma McClarkin); PV\1146494EN.docx PE618.201v01-00 EN United in diversity EN * * * 4. Annual report on the implementation of the Common Commercial Policy INTA/8/09943 2017/2070(INI) Rapporteur: Tokia Saïfi (PPE) PR – PE615.486v01-00 AM – PE616.867v01-00 Responsible: INTA Opinions: DEVE, EMPL Consideration of amendments Deadline for tabling amendments:30 January 2018, 12.00 Speakers: Tokia Saïfi, Alessia Maria Mosca (on behalf of Jude Kirton-Darling), Jan Zahradil, Nadja Hirsch (on behalf of Dita Charanzová), Helmut Scholz, Klaus Buchner, Karoline Graswander-Hainz, Christofer Fjellner, Signe Ratso (EC); 5. Further macro-financial assistance to Georgia INTA/8/11184 ***I 2017/0242(COD) COM(2017)0559 – C8-0335/2017 Rapporteur: Hannu Takkula (ALDE) PR – PE612.257v01-00 AM – PE616.604v01-00 Responsible: INTA Opinions: AFET Consideration of amendments Deadline for tabling amendments:10 January 2018, 12.00 Speakers: Hannu Takkula, Kaloyan Dimitrov (Bulgarian Presidency), Joern Griesse (EC), Iuliu Winkler, Alessia Maria Mosca (on behalf of Inmaculada Rodríguez-Piñero Fernández), Jan Zahradil, Helmut Scholz (on behalf of Stelios Kouloglou), Heidi Hautala; 6. -
Don't Bungle the Talks
O C V ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ Bringing the news ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ to generations of ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald Greek Americans c v A wEEkLy GREEk AmERICAN PUBLICATION www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 13, ISSUE 676 September 25-October 1, 2010 $1.50 Peterson’s Chrysostomos Warns Christofias: Don't Bungle The Talks Simple Archbishops Sees No Solution, Success Says Church Is Not That Rich By Theodore Kalmoukos Chrysostomos said that, “The TNH Staff Writer Turks want everything, they put Formula forth maximalist positions. They BOSTON - “The national issue speak of two Peoples, two of Cyprus is not going well at States, two Nations; you under - Americans: Save, all” His Beatitude Archbishop stand that we are not heading Chrysostomos of Cyprus said in towards a solution.” Christofias Sacrifice, Choose, an exclusive interview to The has been unable to make any National Herald. The Arch - headway with Turkish leaders Hike Revenues bishop sent a clear message to since taking office on Feb. 2008, Cypriot President Demetris despite making unilateral con - NEW YORK – When self-made Christofias, who was in New cessions. Greek Cypriots in a billionaire Pete Peterson told an York attending the United Na - 2004 referendum defeated the audience at a Leadership 100 tions opening ceremonies “not so-called Annan Plan for re-uni - meeting here Sept. 9 that that to accept an international meet - fication, named for former U.N. American Dream was fading, he ing before the internal problems leader Koffi Annan, and also laid out a grim scenario that with the Turkish-Cypriots are re - Christofias’ critics said he is giv - portrayed the United States slip - solved.” The Archbishop said if ing away too much and that part ping into an unrecoverable eco - that happened, “The solution of his ideas mimic the rejected nomic crisis for the simple reason which will be imposed will be plan. -
068646/EU XXVII. GP Eingelangt Am 12/07/21
068646/EU XXVII. GP Eingelangt am 12/07/21 Council of the European Union Brussels, 12 July 2021 (OR. en) 10684/21 OJ CRP1 27 PROVISIONAL AGENDA PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE (Part 1) Justus Lipsius building, Brussels 14 July 2021 (15.00) Format 1+1 (+1 in listening room) 1. Adoption of the agenda Approval of 'I' items in Annex Discussion items (II) Agriculture 2. Regulation on the extension of the term of Community plant 10620/21 + COR 1 variety rights Presidency debriefing on the outcome of the trilogue Analysis of the final compromise text with a view to agreement Environment 3. Regulation amending Aarhus Regulation (EC) No 1367/2006 Presidency debriefing on the outcome of the trilogue 10684/21 MD 1 GIP EN www.parlament.gv.at Health 4. Regulation on a reinforced role for the European Medicines Agency in crisis preparedness and management for medicinal products and medical devices Presidency debriefing on the outcome of the trilogue Transport 5. Regulations on Single European Sky 2 + Presidency debriefing on the outcome of the trilogue Any other business Fit For 55 legislative package Presentation by the Commission 10684/21 MD 2 GIP EN www.parlament.gv.at ANNEX Non-discussion items (I) Institutional Affairs Written questions 6. Replies to questions for written answer submitted to the Council 10613/21 by Members of the European Parliament PE-QE Adoption by silence procedure a) Nacho Sánchez Amor (S&D) 9968/21 "EU Delegation to Turkey" b) Dimitr ios Papadimoulis (The Left), Konstantinos 9877/21 Arvanitis (The Left), Alexis Georgoulis -
Digital Journalism: Making News, Breaking News
MAPPING DIGITAL MEDIA: GLOBAL FINDINGS DIGITAL JOURNALISM: MAKING NEWS, BREAKING NEWS Mapping Digital Media is a project of the Open Society Program on Independent Journalism and the Open Society Information Program Th e project assesses the global opportunities and risks that are created for media by the switch- over from analog broadcasting to digital broadcasting; the growth of new media platforms as sources of news; and the convergence of traditional broadcasting with telecommunications. Th ese changes redefi ne the ways that media can operate sustainably while staying true to values of pluralism and diversity, transparency and accountability, editorial independence, freedom of expression and information, public service, and high professional standards. Th e project, which examines the changes in-depth, builds bridges between researchers and policymakers, activists, academics and standard-setters. It also builds policy capacity in countries where this is less developed, encouraging stakeholders to participate in and infl uence change. At the same time, this research creates a knowledge base, laying foundations for advocacy work, building capacity and enhancing debate. Covering 56 countries, the project examines how these changes aff ect the core democratic service that any media system should provide—news about political, economic and social aff airs. Th e MDM Country Reports are produced by local researchers and partner organizations in each country. Cumulatively, these reports provide a unique resource on the democratic role of digital media. In addition to the country reports, research papers on a range of topics related to digital media have been published as the MDM Reference Series. Th ese publications are all available at http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/projects/mapping-digital-media. -
Hausamt V1. 0: Towards English-Hausa Neural Machine
HausaMT v1.0: Towards English–Hausa Neural Machine Translation Adewale Akinfaderin Data Duality [email protected] Abstract Neural Machine Translation (NMT) for low-resource languages suffers from low perfor- mance because of the lack of large amounts of parallel data and language diversity. To contribute to ameliorating this problem, we built a baseline model for English–Hausa machine translation, which is considered a task for low–resource language. The Hausa language is the second largest Afro–Asiatic language in the world after Arabic and it is the third largest language for trading across a larger swath of West Africa countries, after English and French. In this paper, we curated different datasets containing Hausa– English parallel corpus for our translation. We trained baseline models and evaluated the performance of our models using the Recurrent and Transformer encoder–decoder ar- chitecture with two tokenization approaches: standard word–level tokenization and Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) subword tokenization. 1 Introduction Hausa is a language spoken in the western part of Africa. It belongs to the Afro–Asiatic phylum and it is the second most spoken native language on the continent, after Swahili. The language is spoken by more than 40 million people as a first language and about 15 million people use it as a second and third language. Most of the speakers are concentrated in Nigeria, Niger and Chad – all resulting to both anglophone and francophone influences (Sabiu et al., 2018; Eberhard et al., 2019). Our work on curating datasets and creating evaluation benchmark for English–Hausa Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is inspired by the socio–linguistic facts of the Hausa language.