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Estimating the Effects of Arizona-Style Omnibus Immigration Policies on Latino Children’S Access to Health Care

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Estimating the Effects of Arizona-Style Omnibus Immigration Policies on Latino Children’S Access to Health Care University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2016 Estimating the Effects of Arizona-Style Omnibus Immigration Policies on Latino Children’s Access to Health Care Chenoa Dawn Allen University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Allen, Chenoa Dawn, "Estimating the Effects of Arizona-Style Omnibus Immigration Policies on Latino Children’s Access to Health Care. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2016. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3886 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Chenoa Dawn Allen entitled "Estimating the Effects of Arizona-Style Omnibus Immigration Policies on Latino Children’s Access to Health Care." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Education. Clea A. McNeely, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Donald J. Bruce, Jennifer M. Jabson, Lisa C. Lindley, Cristina S. Barroso Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Estimating the Effects of Arizona-Style Omnibus Immigration Policies on Latino Children’s Access to Health Care A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Chenoa Dawn Allen August 2016 Copyright © 2016 by Chenoa Dawn Allen All rights reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank my parents, for my love of learning and curiosity. One of my earliest memories was riding a book cart around Hodges Library while my dad finished his dissertation at UT. I owe many thanks to my dissertation committee for their guidance, feedback, and support—and for making all of our meetings so much fun. Dr. Don Bruce spent many hours helping me develop my methodological skills, responding to last-minute emails from Atlanta, and teaching me to just make a decision already! Dr. Lisa Lindley provided invaluable guidance on health services research; I wouldn’t have received my AHRQ grant without her feedback and support. Dr. Cristina Barroso guided me in understanding child and immigrant health—and shared my outrage at the injustices suffered by so many immigrant families. Dr. Jennifer Jabson constantly pushed me out of my theoretical comfort zone, and then laughed with me during my “laugh or cry” moments. Last, but certainly not least, Dr. Clea McNeely was the best mentor I could have asked for puzzling with me over my methods, and making me work harder than I’ve ever worked before. I look forward to our next research adventure! This project was supported by grant number R36HS024248 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. iii ABSTRACT Since 2005, US states have passed hundreds of immigration policies. Among state policies that restrict rights for immigrants, omnibus immigration policies are the harshest. Omnibus immigration policies expand local enforcement of federal immigration law; create penalties for employers who hire undocumented immigrants; and restrict undocumented immigrants’ access to public benefits. Omnibus immigration policies have attracted considerable attention and concern from researchers, policymakers, health care providers, and civil rights advocates. However, no single resource has compiled a comprehensive list of omnibus immigration policies. In Paper 1, I used a clear definition of omnibus immigration policies—policies that incorporate three or more immigration-related measures in a single law—to identify all omnibus immigration policies passed between 2005 and 2014. I identified 19 omnibus laws in 11 states. Paper 1 discusses the provisions in each of these laws; the outcomes of lawsuits challenging the laws; and the current status of each law. This review provides a critical resource for researchers who seek to understand the factors that predict passage of an omnibus policy, or to examine the effects of omnibus policies. There is evidence that omnibus immigration policies increased barriers to health care for all Latinos, regardless of immigration status, but no studies have used rigorous, quasi-experimental methods to examine these potential effects. To fill this gap, Paper 2 used comparative interrupted time series and data from the National Health Interview Survey to estimate the long- term effects of omnibus policy passage on health insurance coverage, public insurance coverage, and unmet health care needs for citizen Latino children, and to examine how these effects varied by parent citizenship. After policy passage, health care access increased for children of citizens, increased or stayed the same for children of mixed-status parents, and decreased for children of noncitizens. Effects emerged immediately upon policy passage and declined over time. Our findings that restrictive immigration policies reduce health care access for children of immigrants are consistent with earlier qualitative and small, quantitative studies. This is the first study to demonstrate that restrictive immigration policies are followed by a temporary increase in health care access for Latino children of citizens. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Disparities in health care access .......................................................................................... 1 Omnibus immigration policies ............................................................................................... 2 Theoretical Approach ............................................................................................................... 3 Social construction theory .................................................................................................... 4 Social construction in US immigration policy .................................................................... 5 Socio-Cultural framework for health services disparities ...................................................... 5 Evidence of omnibus policy effects on Latino children ......................................................... 9 The studies ............................................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 1. Attrition through enforcement: State level omnibus immigration policies passed between 2005 and 2014 .................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2. The effects of omnibus immigration policies on health care access for Latino citizen children ................................................................................................................ 12 Chapter 1 Attrition through enforcement: State level omnibus immigration policies passed between 2005 and 2014 ............................................................................................................. 14 Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 15 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 16 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 20 Results .................................................................................................................................... 22 Common provisions in omnibus immigration policies ......................................................... 22 Sanctuary policies ........................................................................................................... 30 Access to public benefits ................................................................................................ 30 Transporting, harboring, shielding, and concealing of undocumented immigrants ........ 31 Verification of immigration status by state and local law enforcement ........................... 31 State 287(g) memorandum of understanding (MOU) ..................................................... 32 Verification of employment eligibility ............................................................................... 32 Other common provisions ............................................................................................... 33 Policy implementation and legal challenges ....................................................................... 33 Ohio ........................................................................................................................................ 34 Ohio SB 9 ..........................................................................................................................
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