DOCSLIB.ORG

Circulation in the Strait of Juan De Fuca Some Recent Oceanographic Observations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Circulation in the Strait of Juan De Fuca Some Recent Oceanographic Observations NOAA Technical Report ERL 399-PMEL 29 Circulation in the Strait of Juan de Fuca Some Recent Oceanographic Observations G. A. Cannon, Editor J. R. Holbrook and R. A. Feely, editorial assistants Contributing Authors Coastal Physics, PMEL G. A. Cannon, R. L. Charnell, N. P. Laird, H. O. Mofjeld, D. J. Pashinski, J. D. Schumacher Chemistry and Biology, PMEL E. T. Baker, D. M. Damkaer, R. A. Feely, J. D. Larrance Deep Sea Physics, PMEL D. Halpern, J. R. Holbrook Numerical Studies, PMEL J. A. Galt, J. Karpen, J. E. Overland, C. H. Pease, R. W. Stewart Oceanographic Division, NOS B. B. Parker Remote Sensing Studies, PMEL C. B. Sawyer Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle, Washington June 1978 u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Richard A. Frank, Administrator Environmental Research Laboratories Boulder, Colorado Wilmot Hess, Director NOTICE Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA Environmental Research Laboratories. Use for publicity or advertising purposes of information from this publica­ tion concerning proprietary products or the tests of such products is not authorized. II CONTENTS Executive Summary. ............................................ .. v Abstract 1 1. Introduction ................................................ .. 1 2. Physical setting " 3 2.1 Geography .............................................. .. 3 2.2 Tides and tidal currents. .................................... .. 4 2.3 Winds. .............. .. ........................... ... ... .. 6 General description. ....................................... .. 6 Recent observations. ....................................... .. 9 Model results. ............................................ .. 12 3. Oceanography. .............................................. .. 16 3.1 Surface drifter observations. ................................. .. 16 3.2 Suspended sediments. ...................................... .. 17 3.3 Western Strait currents and water properties. .................... .. 22 Mean flow. .............................................. .. 23 Variations ............................................... .. 2S Winter wind forcing ........................ .. 2S 3.4 Eastern strait-San Juan Island currents 31 3.S Plankton observations. ..................................... .. 34 4. Oil-spill trajectory modeling. ................................... .. 36 4.1 Model description. ........................................ .. 36 4.2 Sample trajectories ........................................ .. 37 S. Other studies. ............................................... .. 42 6. Summary and conclusions. ..................................... .. 44 7. Acknowledgments. ........................................... .. 47 8. References. ................................................. .. 48 iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Strait of Juan de Fuca is a major shipping driven currents, rather than tidal currents, domi­ route for both the United States and Canada. nate the relatively shallow water near Cherry Tanker traffic is likely to increase in these waters Point, one of the major oil terminals in the region. now that the Trans-Alaskan pipeline is complete. Drift cards released south of San Juan Island in the Much new work has taken place since the publica­ middle of the eastern basin of the Strait, an inter­ tio,n of the most recent oceanographic description section of major traffic lanes, were found on all of this estuary over fifteen years ago. The present beaches surrounding the eastern basin. Drift cards report was written at the request of the NOAA that progressed farther seaward tended to ground Administrator to provide an up-to-date, compre­ on Vancouver Island in winter and on the hensive synthesis of results of the most recent Olympic Peninsula in summer. A computerized studies for use in decisions regarding these waters. oil-spill trajectory model, while still incompletely The primary emphasis of the NOAA efforts has developed, also indicated several possibilities of been on transport mechanisms that might affect flow ending on beaches in the eastern basin. the redistribution of spilled oil. Additional field Moored current meter observations in the western studies east of Port Angeles are continuing basin showed that, during intervals of coastal through 1978. storms, the surface currents flowed into rather These studies have shown that a variety of than out of the Strait for a few days. This flow transport processes exist in the Strait of Juan de was accompanied by intrusions of coastal ocean Fuca that could result in considerable redistribu­ water as far as 90 km from the mouth and reten­ tion of spilled oil, or any other contaminant, tion of surface water within the system. The speed throughout the region. Winds appear to be the pri­ and duration of the intrusions implied that ocean mary factor causing significant variations in the water on occasion could possibly reach as far east more normal net flow of surface water out to sea. as Whidbey Island. In addition, winds appear to direct the flow There remain a number of unanswered ques­ toward the shores of the Strait. Large flow varia­ tions. The flow patterns that distributed the drift tions occur during every season but summer. The cards around the eastern basin are unknown. evidence presented, while not yet complete, indi­ Also, it is not clear whether the intrusions of cates the strong possibility of significant volumes coastal water enter the eastern basin, or to what of a spilled contaminant reaching beaches within extent storm-related conditions drive the circula­ the estuary instead of being transported out of the tion there. These questions are being addressed estuary. The probability of such a beaching in­ during the present field investigations. Another creases significantly the farther into the estuarine limitation is that the oil-spill trajectory model has system the potential spill occurs. Likewise, the been run only for a typical March and no summer probability of an accident leading to a spill in­ cases have yet been run; additional calculations creases with distance into the system because of are being made this year. Also, time has not narrowing channels near the San Juan Islands and allowed inclusion of data on the winter current re­ intersecting traffic lanes north of Admiralty Inlet, versals in the model. As yet, little is known about the entrance to Puget Sound. processes occurring in the near-shore zone extend­ Tidal currents are the strongest component of ing about a mile or so offshore throughout the the flow in most of this estuarine system, and be­ estuary, in the passages between the San Juan cause of their large magnitude in the more re­ Islands, at the mouth of the Strait, and at the junc­ stricted passages they are navigational hazards. tion with Admiralty Inlet. These areas must await Tidal fronts form north and south of the San Juan future research. Islands in waters that are major traffic lanes, and This report was used for environmental plan­ near-shore eddies and backwaters occur nearly ning even before the final draft was completed. everywhere on the down-current side of head­ The summary and conclusions were presented as lands. Both of these phenomena tend to concen­ "Comments on vessel traffic management in Puget trate floating or suspended material. However, Sound waters and environmental factors entering current-meter and satellite observations of the therein" at U.S. Coast Guard hearings on April Fraser River plume indicate that variable wind- 20-21,1978, in Seattle. v ';:. CANADA ".;:----------49° UNITED STATES Vancouver Island .; Figure 1. Strait of Juan de Fuca, showing nearby features and connect­ ing waterways. Additional place names in and north of the San Juan Islands are shown in Fig. 39. vi CIRCULATION IN THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA: SOME RECENT OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVAnONS G. A. Cannon, ed. ABSTRACT. Oceanographic research in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and some of its adjacent waterways, emphasizing transport mechanisms that might affect the redistribution of spilled oiL has focused on near­ surface circulation and its driving mechanisms. Moored current meters, surface drift cards, satellite images of suspended sediment, and an oil-spill trajectory model were used. The largest flow variations were found during fall-winter-spring. Drift cards tended to ground on Vancouver Island in winter, on the Olympic Peninsula in summer, and on beaches in the eastern basin of the Strait throughout the year. Trajectory model experiments also showed flow ending on beaches in the eastern basin. Numerous tidal fronts were observed north and south of the San Juan Islands, and near-shore eddies occurred everywhere on the down-current sides of headlands. Both of these phenomena tend to concentrate floating or sus­ pended material. Moored current meters showed winter intrusions of oceanic surface water almost to Port Angeles lasting several days to over a week. Outflow often occurred only in the deeper water, with surface water being retained within the system. Winds appeared to be the major cause of all flow varia­ tions. Indications were that significant volumes of any contaminant would probably reach beaches within the estuary. 1. INTRODUCTION The Strait of Juan de Fuca estuary is the prin­ cause of the potential for increased tanker traffic, cipal approach from the Pacific Ocean to the the primary objective of these investigations was major Canadian and United States population to describe
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Juan De Fuca's Strait
    REVIEW ESSAY Navigating History’s Straits Barry Gough. Juan de Fuca’s Strait: Voyages in the Waterway of Forgotten Dreams. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing Co. Ltd., www.harbourpublishing.com, 2012. 288 pp., illustrations, maps, glossary, bibliography, notes, index. CDN/US $32.95, hardback; ISBN 978-1-55017-573-8. Much history has passed through the world’s straits: the Bosporus, Gibraltar, Molucca, Hormuz, Magellan, and here, Juan de Fuca’s strait, the Estrecho de Juan de Fuca. Straits are like the architect’s negative space, a portal through which significances pass, coloured by the land masses on their banks, and like negative space, the water can be more important than the nearby land. Such is the 13-mile-wide Strait of Juan de Fuca, located at 48° 23’ N to 48°36’ N, 124° 45’ W, portal to the Pacific and the Georgia Strait and Puget Sound. A pinnacle, de Fuca’s Pillar, off Cape Flattery marks the westerly entrance to the south, and to the north, the strait is bounded by Vancouver Island. Professor Barry Gough first wrote about the area in The Royal Navy in the Pacific Northwest, 1810-1914 in 1971, and now over forty years and many books later, he returns to the subject in Juan de Fuca’s Strait: Voyage in the Waterway of Forgotten Dreams. Strait is vintage Gough. Thoroughly ballasted in fact, it reads like a breeze. Before taking on Gough’s book, consider how it fits within the current art of writing history. A recent writer, Adam Gopnik, has observed that historians first treat races (dominant and subservient), then faces (the great and small), then places (wonders and the misbegotten).
    [Show full text]
  • Gary's Charts
    Gary’s Garage Sale - Chart List Chart Number Chart Name Area Scale Condition Price 3410 Sooke Inlet West Coast Vancouver Island 1:20 000 Good $ 10.00 3415 Victoria Harbour East Coast Vancouver Island 1:6 000 Poor Free 3441 Haro Strait, Boundary Pass and Sattelite Channel East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair/Poor $ 2.50 3441 Haro Strait, Boundary Pass and Sattelite Channel East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair $ 5.00 3441 Haro Strait, Boundary Pass and Sattelite Channel East Coast Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Poor Free 3442 North Pender Island to Thetis Island East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair/Poor $ 2.50 3442 North Pender Island to Thetis Island East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair $ 5.00 3443 Thetis Island to Nanaimo East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair $ 5.00 3459 Nanoose Harbour East Vancouver Island 1:15 000 Fair $ 5.00 3463 Strait of Georgia East Coast Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair/Poor $ 7.50 3537 Okisollo Channel East Coast Vancouver Island 1:20 000 Good $ 10.00 3537 Okisollo Channel East Coast Vancouver Island 1:20 000 Fair $ 5.00 3538 Desolation Sound & Sutil Channel East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair/Poor $ 2.50 3539 Discovery Passage East Coast Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Poor Free 3541 Approaches to Toba Inlet East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair $ 5.00 3545 Johnstone Strait - Port Neville to Robson Bight East Coast Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Good $ 10.00 3546 Broughton Strait East Coast Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Fair $ 5.00 3549 Queen Charlotte Strait East Vancouver Island 1:40 000 Excellent $ 15.00 3549 Queen Charlotte Strait East
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Status and Trends Report for the Strait of Georgia Ecozone
    C S A S S C C S Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique Research Document 2010/010 Document de recherche 2010/010 Ecosystem Status and Trends Report Rapport de l’état des écosystèmes et for the Strait of Georgia Ecozone des tendances pour l’écozone du détroit de Georgie Sophia C. Johannessen and Bruce McCarter Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences 9860 W. Saanich Rd. P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, B.C. V8L 4B2 This series documents the scientific basis for the La présente série documente les fondements evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems scientifiques des évaluations des ressources et in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of des écosystèmes aquatiques du Canada. Elle the day in the time frames required and the traite des problèmes courants selon les documents it contains are not intended as échéanciers dictés. Les documents qu’elle definitive statements on the subjects addressed contient ne doivent pas être considérés comme but rather as progress reports on ongoing des énoncés définitifs sur les sujets traités, mais investigations. plutôt comme des rapports d’étape sur les études en cours. Research documents are produced in the official Les documents de recherche sont publiés dans language in which they are provided to the la langue officielle utilisée dans le manuscrit Secretariat. envoyé au Secrétariat. This document is available on the Internet at: Ce document est disponible sur l’Internet à: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/ ISSN 1499-3848 (Printed / Imprimé) ISSN 1919-5044 (Online / En ligne) © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2010 © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Highlights 1 Drivers of change 2 Status and trends indicators 2 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Explorers Chapter 4
    Name _______________________ Date _________ Period _____ Explorers Chapter 4 Directions: Use your textbook, Washington, a State of Contrasts, to answer the questions for each section below. Eventually there may be an open-note test or quiz based on your answers to this packet. Remember to read with a purpose (keep words from the questions tucked away in your brain as you read), to skim and scan text features (titles, subtitles, pictures, captions, special features….) to guide your reading, and to re-read passages in order to increase your understanding. Chapter 4: Sea and Land Explorers: Pages 110-135 Chapter Overview: page 110 1.) According to the Chapter Overview on page 110, what countries were exploring the western coast of North America during the years 1543-1806? ______________________________ __________________________ ______________________________ __________________________ 2.) List 6 names of important explorers from this time era: ______________________________ __________________________ ______________________________ __________________________ ______________________________ __________________________ 3.) Why were these countries sending out so many explorers? Sea and Land Explorers: page 112 4.) On page 112, there is a picture of Christopher Columbus arriving in the “New World.” According to the text, why is it that there was “nothing new about these continents,”? 5.) ________________was the first country to actively claim territory in the Americas. 6.) What other countries soon began to claim territories in the Americas as well? 7.) Which areas were the last regions in the Americas to be explored by Europeans? Spanish in the New World: page 114 True/False: If the statement is true, write “T”. If it’s false at all, write “F”. _______ 8.) Spain was not looking for new lands to claim and colonize.
    [Show full text]
  • Not Even Karamanlis Immune
    The National Herald a b www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 9, ISSUE 435 A WEEKLY GREEK AMERICAN PUBLICATION FEBRUARY 11, 2006 $1.00 - GREECE: 1.75 Euro Bishop and Phones Tapped in Priest on Greece - Not Even The Verge Karamanlis Immune Of Coming By Evan C. Lambrou leadership of the Defense Ministry Special to The National Herald and the whole leadership of the Public Order Ministry, some For- To Blows NEW YORK - Mobile phones eign Ministry phones, one former belonging to top Greek military minister - now in opposition - and By Theodore Kalmoukos and government officials - to in- others," Roussopoulos said during Special to The National Herald clude that of Prime Minister a news conference last Thursday, Costas Karamanlis and his wife, February 2. BOSTON - The Chancellor of Natasha - and the United States Most of Greece's top military the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Embassy in Athens were tapped and police officers were also tar- of America, reportedly initiated a for nearly a year beginning in the geted, as were foreign ministry of- verbal and physical “attack” Summer of 2004, just weeks before ficials, Greek European Union En- against an archimandrite during the 2004 Olympic Games in vironment Commissioner Stavros the Clergy-Laity Assembly of the Athens, the Greek Government Dimas, a former minister and a Archdiocesan District in New said last week. phone number at the U.S. Em- York, which was convened at Holy Illegal software installed at bassy. Also tapped were some jour- Trinity Church in New Rochelle, Greece's second largest mobile nalists and human rights activists. New York this past Monday, Fe- phone operator, Vodafone The phone tapping started "be- bruary 6, the feast day of Saint Greece, a subsidiary of the British fore the 2004 Olympic Games and Photios the Great.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Geography of Southeast Asia
    Physical Geography of Southeast Asia Creating an Annotated Sketch Map of Southeast Asia By Michelle Crane Teacher Consultant for the Texas Alliance for Geographic Education Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 Guiding Question (5 min.) . What processes are responsible for the creation and distribution of the landforms and climates found in Southeast Asia? Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 2 Draw a sketch map (10 min.) . This should be a general sketch . do not try to make your map exactly match the book. Just draw the outline of the region . do not add any features at this time. Use a regular pencil first, so you can erase. Once you are done, trace over it with a black colored pencil. Leave a 1” border around your page. Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 3 Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 4 Looking at your outline map, what two landforms do you see that seem to dominate this region? Predict how these two landforms would affect the people who live in this region? Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 5 Peninsulas & Islands . Mainland SE Asia consists of . Insular SE Asia consists of two large peninsulas thousands of islands . Malay Peninsula . Label these islands in black: . Indochina Peninsula . Sumatra . Label these peninsulas in . Java brown . Sulawesi (Celebes) . Borneo (Kalimantan) . Luzon Texas Alliance for Geographic Education; http://www.geo.txstate.edu/tage/ September 2013 6 Draw a line on your map to indicate the division between insular and mainland SE Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring Bloom in the Central Strait of Georgia: Interactions of River Discharge, Winds and Grazing
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 138: 255-263, 1996 Published July 25 Mar Ecol Prog Ser I l Spring bloom in the central Strait of Georgia: interactions of river discharge, winds and grazing Kedong yinl,*,Paul J. Harrisonl, Robert H. Goldblattl, Richard J. Beamish2 'Department of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 124 'pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada V9R 5K6 ABSTRACT: A 3 wk cruise was conducted to investigate how the dynamics of nutrients and plankton biomass and production are coupled with the Fraser River discharge and a wind event in the Strait of Georgia estuary (B.C.,Canada). The spring bloom was underway in late March and early Apnl, 1991. in the Strait of Georgia estuary. The magnitude of the bloom was greater near the river mouth, indicat- ing an earher onset of the spring bloom there. A week-long wind event (wind speed >4 m S-') occurred during April 3-10 The spring bloom was interrupted, with phytoplankton biomass and production being reduced and No3 in the surface mixing layer increasing at the end of the wind event. Five days after the lvind event (on April 15),NO3 concentrations were lower than they had been at the end of the wind event, Indicating a utilization of NO3 during April 10-14. However, the utilized NO3 did not show up in phytoplankton blomass and production, which were lower than they had been at the end (April 9) of the wind event. During the next 4 d, April 15-18, phytoplankton biomass and production gradu- ally increased, and No3 concentrations in the water column decreased slowly, indicating a slow re- covery of the spring bloom Zooplankton data indicated that grazing pressure had prevented rapid accumulation of phytoplankton biomass and rapid utilization of NO3 after the wind event and during these 4 d.
    [Show full text]
  • Eshb 1578 – Rosario Strait and Connected Waterways East Tug Escort Implementation
    ESHB 1578 – ROSARIO STRAIT AND CONNECTED WATERWAYS EAST TUG ESCORT IMPLEMENTATION WASHINGTON STATE BOARD OF PILOTAGE COMMISSIONERS JAIMIE C. BEVER, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AUGUST 5, 2020 TODAY’S PRESENTATION Additional Information Legislative Background Timeline of BPC Deliverables Oil Transportation Safety Committee Overview Interpretive Statement Overview Monitoring and Enforcement Next Steps Q&A WASHINGTON STATE BOARD OF PILOTAGE COMMISSIONERS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BPC Website – www.pilotage.wa.gov WASHINGTON STATE BOARD OF PILOTAGE COMMISSIONERS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION BPC Website Cont’d Oil Transportation Safety Page • ESHB 1578 Background • Interpretive Statement • Geographic Zones • Scope for Synopsis of Changing Vessel Traffic Trends • BPC/Ecology Interagency Agreement Resources Page • BPC and Ecology Focus Sheets • OTSC Charter, Roster, and Meeting Minutes • Information Regarding Upcoming and Previous Events WASHINGTON STATE BOARD OF PILOTAGE COMMISSIONERS LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND 2019 Legislative Session – ESHB 1578 Reducing threats to southern resident killer whales by improving the safety of oil transportation. Tug Escort Requirements as of 9/1/2020 on the following laden vessels between 5,000 and 40,000 deadweight tons 1) Laden oil tankers Image courtesy of Puget Sound Pilots 2) Articulated tug barges (ATBs) 3) Towed waterborne vessels or barges WASHINGTON STATE BOARD OF PILOTAGE COMMISSIONERS TIMELINE OF BPC DELIVERABLES 9/1/2020 12/31/2021 9/1/2023 12/31/2025 10/1/2028 • Rosario Strait & • Synopsis of • Consultation
    [Show full text]
  • Burrard Inlet Underwater Noise Study
    Vancouver Fraser Port Authorit Burrard Inlet underwater noise study: 2020 final report ECHO Program study summary This study was undertaken for the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority-led Enhancing Cetacean Habitat and Observation (ECHO) Program and project partner Tsleil-Waututh Nation with financial support from Transport Canada to learn more about underwater noise and cetacean presence in Burrard Inlet. Building upon the 2019 monitoring project in Burrard Inlet, this project set out to monitor underwater noise and the presence of cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoise) in Burrard Inlet, a marine mammal habitat and a key waterway for commercial shipping, port-related activities, and passenger transportation. This document summarizes the project question and describes the methods, key findings, and conclusions. What questions was the study trying to answer? The second year of the Burrard Inlet underwater noise study sought to evaluate longer-term trends in total ambient noise and marine mammal presence, while building upon the results from 2019. Who conducted the project? SMRU Consulting North America (SMRU) was awarded the contract for the 2019 monitoring program, and was retained by Vancouver Fraser Port Authority to continue monitoring though 2020 at fewer sampling locations. What methods were used? Bottom-mounted SoundTrap hydrophone recorders were deployed in two locations in the inner and outer harbour: one at Burrard Inlet East near the Tsleil-Waututh Nation reserve lands and Burnaby petroleum terminals, and one in English Bay between anchorages 1 and 3. Acoustic data were collected over approximately one year between February 2020 and February 2021. The figure below shows the approximate locations of the hydrophone deployments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nitrogen Budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, with Emphasis on Particulate Nitrogen and Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen
    Biogeosciences, 10, 7179–7194, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/7179/2013/ doi:10.5194/bg-10-7179-2013 Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. A nitrogen budget for the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, with emphasis on particulate nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen J. N. Sutton1,2, S. C. Johannessen1, and R. W. Macdonald1 1Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 4B2, Canada 2Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA Correspondence to: J. N. Sutton ([email protected]) Received: 6 March 2013 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 23 April 2013 Revised: 29 September 2013 – Accepted: 10 October 2013 – Published: 12 November 2013 Abstract. Balanced budgets for dissolved inorganic N (DIN) 1 Introduction and particulate N (PN) were constructed for the Strait of Georgia (SoG), a semi-enclosed coastal sea off the west coast of British Columbia, Canada. The dominant control on the The nitrogen (N) cycle is a crucial underpinning of marine N budget is the advection of DIN into and out of the SoG biological productivity (Gruber and Galloway, 2008). Dur- via Haro Strait. The annual influx of DIN by advection from ing the past 150 yr, the global N cycle has been dramati- the Pacific Ocean is 29 990 (±19 500) Mmol yr−1. The DIN cally changed by human activities that have loaded reactive N flux advected out of the SoG is 24 300 (±15 500) Mmol yr−1. into ecosystems in amounts that rival natural sources (Rabal- Most of the DIN that enters the SoG (∼ 23 400 Mmol yr−1) ais, 2002; Galloway et al., 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • A Synthesis of Climate Change and Coastal Science to Support Adaptation in the Communities of the Torres Strait
    MTSRF Synthesis Report A Synthesis of Climate Change and Coastal Science to Support Adaptation in the Communities of the Torres Strait Stephanie J. Duce, Kevin E. Parnell, Scott G. Smithers and Karen E. McNamara School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University Supported by the Australian Government’s Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility Project 1.3.1 Traditional knowledge systems and climate change in the Torres Strait © James Cook University ISBN 978-1-921359-53-8 This report should be cited as: Duce, S.J., Parnell, K.E., Smithers, S.G. and McNamara, K.E. (2010) A Synthesis of Climate Change and Coastal Science to Support Adaptation in the Communities of the Torres Strait. Synthesis Report prepared for the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility (MTSRF). Reef & Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (64pp.). Published by the Reef and Rainforest Research Centre on behalf of the Australian Government’s Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility. The Australian Government’s Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility (MTSRF) supports world-class, public good research. The MTSRF is a major initiative of the Australian Government, designed to ensure that Australia’s environmental challenges are addressed in an innovative, collaborative and sustainable way. The MTSRF investment is managed by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA), and is supplemented by substantial cash and in-kind investments from research providers and interested third parties. The Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited (RRRC) is contracted by DEWHA to provide program management and communications services for the MTSRF. This publication is copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Hydrodynamic Model of Puget Sound and Northwest Straits
    PNNL-17161 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Development of a Hydrodynamic Model of Puget Sound and Northwest Straits Z Yang TP Khangaonkar December 2007 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 Printed in the United States of America Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062; ph: (865) 576-8401 fax: (865) 576-5728 email: [email protected] Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161 ph: (800) 553-6847 fax: (703) 605-6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm This document was printed on recycled paper.
    [Show full text]