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The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Doctoral Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects 2007 Indigenous linguistically and culturally connected community health educators/promotoras : preventing HIV/AIDS in the Latino community Alba Lucia Diaz-Cuellar Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/diss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Diaz-Cuellar, Alba Lucia, "Indigenous linguistically and culturally connected community health educators/promotoras : preventing HIV/AIDS in the Latino community" (2007). Doctoral Dissertations. 149. https://repository.usfca.edu/diss/149 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of San Francisco INDIGENOUS LINGUISTICALLY AND CULTURALLY CONNECTED COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATORS / PROMOTORAS: PREVENTING HIV/AIDS IN THE LATINO COMMUNITY A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Education International and Multicultural Education Department In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education by Alba Lucia Díaz-Cuéllar San Francisco May 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... vii PREFACE............................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I. THE RESEARCH STUDY ..........................................................1 Statement of the Problem...............................................................................1 HIV/AIDS: Global Perspective..............................................................2 HIV/AIDS: The United States ...............................................................2 HIV/AIDS: The Immigrant Community................................................3 Background and Need for the Study..............................................................6 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................15 Theoretical Rationale...................................................................................18 Research Methodology ................................................................................23 Research Questions......................................................................................27 Educational Significance of the study..........................................................27 CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE..........................................28 Health Disparities.........................................................................................28 Reproductive Health for Latinas..........................................................29 Reproductive Justice ............................................................................32 HIV/AIDS............................................................................................35 Overview of Empowering Theory .......................................................37 The Latino Community................................................................................41 Latino Immigrants in the United Stated...............................................41 Labor Conditions / Risk Factors ..........................................................42 Promotoras ..................................................................................................47 Summary......................................................................................................56 CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................58 Theoretical Rational of the Research Design...............................................58 Research Setting...........................................................................................61 Role of the Researcher.................................................................................61 Role of the Participants................................................................................62 The Research Design ...................................................................................63 Phase I: Workshop ...............................................................................63 Expectations.............................................................................64 Topics.......................................................................................65 Questions Guiding the Dialogue..............................................66 i Objectives: KABP....................................................................67 Activities for the Accomplishment of Objective One: Knowledge .........................................................................67 Activities for the Accomplishment of Objective Two: Attitudes and Beliefs..........................................................69 Activities for the Accomplishment of Objective Three: Practice...............................................................................71 Phase II: Photovoice Project – Design Stage.......................................72 Objectives ................................................................................74 Questions Guiding the Dialogue..............................................75 Session I: Light House (Montara)............................................75 Session II: Centro del Pueblo (San Francisco) ........................78 Session III: Fair Oaks Community Center (Redwood City)....78 Data Collection ............................................................................................79 Data Analysis...............................................................................................80 In-depth Dialogues...............................................................................82 Observations ........................................................................................82 Participation of the Researcher ............................................................83 Protection of Human Subjects .....................................................................84 Researcher’s Entry into the Community......................................................85 Background of the Researcher.....................................................................86 Profile of the Participants.............................................................................92 Rayo .....................................................................................................94 Chispa ..................................................................................................97 Tehuanancy........................................................................................100 Hope...................................................................................................102 Donaji.................................................................................................104 Manuel ...............................................................................................105 Summary....................................................................................................107 CHAPTER IV. FINDINGS...............................................................................109 Introduction................................................................................................109 Generative Themes ....................................................................................110 Research Question 1: IN WHAT WAYS PROMOTORAS EDUCATE, ADVOCATE FOR, AND EMPOWER LATINOS IN THEIR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH?..........................................................................................111 1. Raising awareness..................................................................112 2. Confronting myths .................................................................115 3. Encountering socio-economic oppression .............................124 4. Achieving personal empowerment .......................................130 5. Re-gaining community empowerment...................................132 Research Question 2: HOW DOES THE WORK OF PROMOTORAS REFLECT THE POPULAR EDUCATION PRINCIPLES OF ii PAULO FREIRE? .............................................................................136 6. Valuing popular art ................................................................137 7. Respecting cultural beliefs.....................................................139 8. Expressing solidarity..............................................................141 Research Question 3: WHAT COMMON THEMES SURFACE IN CRITICAL DISCUSSIONS WITH PROMOTORAS WHO HAVE WORKED ON HIV /AIDS WITH THE LATINO COMMUNITY? ..................151 9. Facing discrimination.............................................................152 10. Combating rape, abuses and domestic violence ....................154 Summary....................................................................................................161 CHAPTER V. SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, REFLECTIONS, LIMITATIONS, AND DIRECTIONS

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