Beyond Pilot Wave Dynamics: Non-Linearity and Non-Equilibrium in Quantum Mechanics
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Yes, More Decoherence: a Reply to Critics
Yes, More Decoherence: A Reply to Critics Elise M. Crull∗ Submitted 11 July 2017; revised 24 August 2017 1 Introduction A few years ago I published an article in this journal titled \Less interpretation and more decoherence in quantum gravity and inflationary cosmology" (Crull, 2015) that generated replies from three pairs of authors: Vassallo and Esfeld (2015), Okon and Sudarsky (2016) and Fortin and Lombardi (2017). As a philosopher of physics it is my chief aim to engage physicists and philosophers alike in deeper conversation regarding scientific theories and their implications. In as much as my earlier paper provoked a suite of responses and thereby brought into sharper relief numerous misconceptions regarding decoherence, I welcome the occasion provided by the editors of this journal to continue the discussion. In what follows, I respond to my critics in some detail (wherein the devil is often found). I must be clear at the outset, however, that due to the nature of these criticisms, much of what I say below can be categorized as one or both of the following: (a) a repetition of points made in the original paper, and (b) a reiteration of formal and dynamical aspects of quantum decoherence considered uncontroversial by experts working on theoretical and experimental applications of this process.1 I begin with a few paragraphs describing what my 2015 paper both was, and was not, about. I then briefly address Vassallo's and Esfeld's (hereafter VE) relatively short response to me, dedicating the bulk of my reply to the lengthy critique of Okon and Sudarsky (hereafter OS). -
Simulating Quantum Field Theory with a Quantum Computer
Simulating quantum field theory with a quantum computer John Preskill Lattice 2018 28 July 2018 This talk has two parts (1) Near-term prospects for quantum computing. (2) Opportunities in quantum simulation of quantum field theory. Exascale digital computers will advance our knowledge of QCD, but some challenges will remain, especially concerning real-time evolution and properties of nuclear matter and quark-gluon plasma at nonzero temperature and chemical potential. Digital computers may never be able to address these (and other) problems; quantum computers will solve them eventually, though I’m not sure when. The physics payoff may still be far away, but today’s research can hasten the arrival of a new era in which quantum simulation fuels progress in fundamental physics. Frontiers of Physics short distance long distance complexity Higgs boson Large scale structure “More is different” Neutrino masses Cosmic microwave Many-body entanglement background Supersymmetry Phases of quantum Dark matter matter Quantum gravity Dark energy Quantum computing String theory Gravitational waves Quantum spacetime particle collision molecular chemistry entangled electrons A quantum computer can simulate efficiently any physical process that occurs in Nature. (Maybe. We don’t actually know for sure.) superconductor black hole early universe Two fundamental ideas (1) Quantum complexity Why we think quantum computing is powerful. (2) Quantum error correction Why we think quantum computing is scalable. A complete description of a typical quantum state of just 300 qubits requires more bits than the number of atoms in the visible universe. Why we think quantum computing is powerful We know examples of problems that can be solved efficiently by a quantum computer, where we believe the problems are hard for classical computers. -
Quantum State Complexity in Computationally Tractable Quantum Circuits
PRX QUANTUM 2, 010329 (2021) Quantum State Complexity in Computationally Tractable Quantum Circuits Jason Iaconis * Department of Physics and Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA (Received 28 September 2020; revised 29 December 2020; accepted 26 January 2021; published 23 February 2021) Characterizing the quantum complexity of local random quantum circuits is a very deep problem with implications to the seemingly disparate fields of quantum information theory, quantum many-body physics, and high-energy physics. While our theoretical understanding of these systems has progressed in recent years, numerical approaches for studying these models remains severely limited. In this paper, we discuss a special class of numerically tractable quantum circuits, known as quantum automaton circuits, which may be particularly well suited for this task. These are circuits that preserve the computational basis, yet can produce highly entangled output wave functions. Using ideas from quantum complexity theory, especially those concerning unitary designs, we argue that automaton wave functions have high quantum state complexity. We look at a wide variety of metrics, including measurements of the output bit-string distribution and characterization of the generalized entanglement properties of the quantum state, and find that automaton wave functions closely approximate the behavior of fully Haar random states. In addition to this, we identify the generalized out-of-time ordered 2k-point correlation functions as a particularly use- ful probe of complexity in automaton circuits. Using these correlators, we are able to numerically study the growth of complexity well beyond the scrambling time for very large systems. As a result, we are able to present evidence of a linear growth of design complexity in local quantum circuits, consistent with conjectures from quantum information theory. -
Quantum Information Science and the Technology Frontier Jake Taylor February 5Th, 2020
Quantum Information Science and the Technology Frontier Jake Taylor February 5th, 2020 Office of Science and Technology Policy www.whitehouse.gov/ostp www.ostp.gov @WHOSTP Photo credit: Lloyd Whitman The National Quantum Initiative Signed Dec 21, 2018 11 years of sustained effort DOE: new centers working with the labs, new programs NSF: new academic centers NIST: industrial consortium, expand core programs Coordination: NSTC combined with a National Coordination Office and an external Advisory committee 2 National Science and Technology Council • Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science (SCQIS) • DoE, NSF, NIST co-chairs • Coordinates NQI, other research activities • Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science (ESIX) • DoD, DoE, NSA co-chairs • Civilian, IC, Defense conversation space 3 Policy Recommendations • Focus on a science-first approach that aims to identify and solve Grand Challenges: problems whose solutions enable transformative scientific and industrial progress; • Build a quantum-smart and diverse workforce to meet the needs of a growing field; • Encourage industry engagement, providing appropriate mechanisms for public-private partnerships; • Provide the key infrastructure and support needed to realize the scientific and technological opportunities; • Drive economic growth; • Maintain national security; and • Continue to develop international collaboration and cooperation. 4 Quantum Sensing Accuracy via physical law New modalities of measurement Concept: atoms are indistinguishable. Use Challenge: measuring inside the body. Use this to create time standards, enables quantum behavior of individual nuclei to global navigation. image magnetic resonances (MRI) Concept: speed of light is constant. Use this Challenge: estimating length limited by ‘shot to measure distance using a time standard. noise’ (individual photons!). -
It Is a Great Pleasure to Write This Letter on Behalf of Dr. Maria
Rigorous Quantum-Classical Path Integral Formulation of Real-Time Dynamics Nancy Makri Departments of Chemistry and Physics University of Illinois The path integral formulation of time-dependent quantum mechanics provides the ideal framework for rigorous quantum-classical or quantum-semiclassical treatments, as the spatially localized, trajectory-like nature of the quantum paths circumvents the need for mean-field-type assumptions. However, the number of system paths grows exponentially with the number of propagation steps. In addition, each path of the quantum system generally gives rise to a distinct classical solvent trajectory. This exponential proliferation of trajectories with propagation time is the quantum-classical manifestation of nonlocality. A rigorous real-time quantum-classical path integral (QCPI) methodology has been developed, which converges to the stationary phase limit of the full path integral with respect to the degrees of freedom comprising the system’s environment. The starting point is the identification of two components in the effects induced on a quantum system by a polyatomic environment. The first, “classical decoherence mechanism” is associated with phonon absorption and induced emission and is dominant at high temperature. Within the QCPI framework, the memory associated with classical decoherence is removable. A second, nonlocal in time, “quantum decoherence process”, which is associated with spontaneous phonon emission, becomes important at low temperatures and is responsible for detailed balance. The QCPI methodology takes advantage of the memory-free nature of system-independent solvent trajectories to account for all classical decoherence effects on the dynamics of the quantum system in an inexpensive fashion. Inclusion of the residual quantum decoherence is accomplished via phase factors in the path integral expression, which is amenable to large time steps and iterative decompositions. -
Quantum Computation and Complexity Theory
Quantum computation and complexity theory Course given at the Institut fÈurInformationssysteme, Abteilung fÈurDatenbanken und Expertensysteme, University of Technology Vienna, Wintersemester 1994/95 K. Svozil Institut fÈur Theoretische Physik University of Technology Vienna Wiedner Hauptstraûe 8-10/136 A-1040 Vienna, Austria e-mail: [email protected] December 5, 1994 qct.tex Abstract The Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics is reviewed with emphasis on applicationsto quantum computing. Standardinterferomeric techniques are used to construct a physical device capable of universal quantum computation. Some consequences for recursion theory and complexity theory are discussed. hep-th/9412047 06 Dec 94 1 Contents 1 The Quantum of action 3 2 Quantum mechanics for the computer scientist 7 2.1 Hilbert space quantum mechanics ..................... 7 2.2 From single to multiple quanta Ð ªsecondº ®eld quantization ...... 15 2.3 Quantum interference ............................ 17 2.4 Hilbert lattices and quantum logic ..................... 22 2.5 Partial algebras ............................... 24 3 Quantum information theory 25 3.1 Information is physical ........................... 25 3.2 Copying and cloning of qbits ........................ 25 3.3 Context dependence of qbits ........................ 26 3.4 Classical versus quantum tautologies .................... 27 4 Elements of quantum computatability and complexity theory 28 4.1 Universal quantum computers ....................... 30 4.2 Universal quantum networks ........................ 31 4.3 Quantum recursion theory ......................... 35 4.4 Factoring .................................. 36 4.5 Travelling salesman ............................. 36 4.6 Will the strong Church-Turing thesis survive? ............... 37 Appendix 39 A Hilbert space 39 B Fundamental constants of physics and their relations 42 B.1 Fundamental constants of physics ..................... 42 B.2 Conversion tables .............................. 43 B.3 Electromagnetic radiation and other wave phenomena ......... -
American Leadership in Quantum Technology Joint Hearing
AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY & SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 24, 2017 Serial No. 115–32 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 27–671PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California MO BROOKS, Alabama DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon BILL POSEY, Florida ALAN GRAYSON, Florida THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky AMI BERA, California JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma ELIZABETH H. ESTY, Connecticut RANDY K. WEBER, Texas MARC A. VEASEY, Texas STEPHEN KNIGHT, California DONALD S. BEYER, JR., Virginia BRIAN BABIN, Texas JACKY ROSEN, Nevada BARBARA COMSTOCK, Virginia JERRY MCNERNEY, California BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado RALPH LEE ABRAHAM, Louisiana PAUL TONKO, New York DRAIN LAHOOD, Illinois BILL FOSTER, Illinois DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida MARK TAKANO, California JIM BANKS, Indiana COLLEEN HANABUSA, Hawaii ANDY BIGGS, Arizona CHARLIE CRIST, Florida ROGER W. MARSHALL, Kansas NEAL P. DUNN, Florida CLAY HIGGINS, Louisiana RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BARBARA COMSTOCK, Virginia, Chair FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois ELIZABETH H. -
Bohmian Mechanics Versus Madelung Quantum Hydrodynamics
Ann. Univ. Sofia, Fac. Phys. Special Edition (2012) 112-119 [arXiv 0904.0723] Bohmian mechanics versus Madelung quantum hydrodynamics Roumen Tsekov Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria It is shown that the Bohmian mechanics and the Madelung quantum hy- drodynamics are different theories and the latter is a better ontological interpre- tation of quantum mechanics. A new stochastic interpretation of quantum me- chanics is proposed, which is the background of the Madelung quantum hydro- dynamics. Its relation to the complex mechanics is also explored. A new complex hydrodynamics is proposed, which eliminates completely the Bohm quantum po- tential. It describes the quantum evolution of the probability density by a con- vective diffusion with imaginary transport coefficients. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics is guilty for the quantum mys- tery and many strange phenomena such as the Schrödinger cat, parallel quantum and classical worlds, wave-particle duality, decoherence, etc. Many scientists have tried, however, to put the quantum mechanics back on ontological foundations. For instance, Bohm [1] proposed an al- ternative interpretation of quantum mechanics, which is able to overcome some puzzles of the Copenhagen interpretation. He developed further the de Broglie pilot-wave theory and, for this reason, the Bohmian mechanics is also known as the de Broglie-Bohm theory. At the time of inception of quantum mechanics Madelung [2] has demonstrated that the Schrödinger equa- tion can be transformed in hydrodynamic form. This so-called Madelung quantum hydrodynam- ics is a less elaborated theory and usually considered as a precursor of the Bohmian mechanics. The scope of the present paper is to show that these two theories are different and the Made- lung hydrodynamics is a better interpretation of quantum mechanics than the Bohmian me- chanics. -
Bounds on Errors in Observables Computed from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Bounds on Errors in Observables Computed from Molecular Dynamics Simulations Vikram Sundar [email protected] Advisor: Dr. David Gelbwaser and Prof. Alan´ Aspuru-Guzik (Chemistry) Shadow Advisor: Prof. Martin Nowak Submitted in partial fulfillment of the honors requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics March 19, 2018 Contents Abstract iii Acknowledgments iv 1 Introduction1 1.1 Molecular Dynamics................................1 1.1.1 Why Molecular Dynamics?........................1 1.1.2 What is Molecular Dynamics?......................2 1.1.2.1 Force Fields and Integrators..................2 1.1.2.2 Observables...........................3 1.2 Structure of this Thesis...............................4 1.2.1 Sources of Error...............................4 1.2.2 Key Results of this Thesis.........................5 2 The St¨ormer-Verlet Method and Energy Conservation7 2.1 Symplecticity....................................8 2.1.1 Hamiltonian and Lagrangian Mechanics................8 2.1.2 Symplectic Structures on Manifolds...................9 2.1.3 Hamiltonian Flows are Symplectic.................... 10 2.1.4 Symplecticity of the Stormer-Verlet¨ Method............... 12 2.2 Backward Error Analysis.............................. 12 2.2.1 Symplectic Methods and Backward Error Analysis.......... 14 2.2.2 Bounds on Energy Conservation..................... 14 3 Integrable Systems and Bounds on Sampling Error 16 3.1 Integrable Systems and the Arnold-Liouville Theorem............. 17 3.1.1 Poisson Brackets and First Integrals................... 17 3.1.2 Liouville’s Theorem............................ 18 3.1.3 Action-Angle Coordinates......................... 20 3.1.4 Integrability and MD Force Fields.................... 22 3.2 Sampling Error................................... 23 3.2.1 Equivalence of Spatial and Time Averages............... 23 3.2.2 Bounding Sampling Error......................... 24 3.2.3 Reducing Sampling Error with Filter Functions........... -
Quantum Speedup for Aeroscience and Engineering
NASA/TM-2020-220590 Quantum Speedup for Aeroscience and Engineering Peyman Givi University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Andrew J. Daley University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom Dimitri Mavriplis University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming Mujeeb Malik Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia May 2020 NASA STI Program . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space science. papers from scientific and technical The NASA scientific and technical information conferences, symposia, seminars, or other (STI) program plays a key part in helping NASA meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, auspices of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It technical, or historical information from collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and NASA programs, projects, and missions, often disseminates NASA’s STI. The NASA STI program concerned with subjects having substantial provides access to the NASA Aeronautics and Space public interest. Database and its public interface, the NASA Technical Report Server, thus providing one of the • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- largest collections of aeronautical and space science language translations of foreign scientific and STI in the world. Results are published in both non- technical material pertinent to NASA’s NASA channels and by NASA in the NASA STI mission. Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of and organizing and publishing research results. completed research or a major significant phase of research that present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA programs and include extensive data or program, see the following: theoretical analysis. -
Less Decoherence and More Coherence in Quantum Gravity, Inflationary Cosmology and Elsewhere
Less Decoherence and More Coherence in Quantum Gravity, Inflationary Cosmology and Elsewhere Elias Okon1 and Daniel Sudarsky2 1Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. 2Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico. Abstract: In [1] it is argued that, in order to confront outstanding problems in cosmol- ogy and quantum gravity, interpretational aspects of quantum theory can by bypassed because decoherence is able to resolve them. As a result, [1] concludes that our focus on conceptual and interpretational issues, while dealing with such matters in [2], is avoidable and even pernicious. Here we will defend our position by showing in detail why decoherence does not help in the resolution of foundational questions in quantum mechanics, such as the measurement problem or the emergence of classicality. 1 Introduction Since its inception, more than 90 years ago, quantum theory has been a source of heated debates in relation to interpretational and conceptual matters. The prominent exchanges between Einstein and Bohr are excellent examples in that regard. An avoid- ance of such issues is often justified by the enormous success the theory has enjoyed in applications, ranging from particle physics to condensed matter. However, as people like John S. Bell showed [3], such a pragmatic attitude is not always acceptable. In [2] we argue that the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics is inadequate in cosmological contexts because it crucially depends on the existence of observers external to the studied system (or on an artificial quantum/classical cut). We claim that if the system in question is the whole universe, such observers are nowhere to be found, so we conclude that, in order to legitimately apply quantum mechanics in such contexts, an observer independent interpretation of the theory is required. -
Defense Primer: Quantum Technology
Updated June 7, 2021 Defense Primer: Quantum Technology Quantum technology translates the principles of quantum Successful development and deployment of such sensors physics into technological applications. In general, quantum could lead to significant improvements in submarine technology has not yet reached maturity; however, it could detection and, in turn, compromise the survivability of sea- hold significant implications for the future of military based nuclear deterrents. Quantum sensors could also sensing, encryption, and communications, as well as for enable military personnel to detect underground structures congressional oversight, authorizations, and appropriations. or nuclear materials due to their expected “extreme sensitivity to environmental disturbances.” The sensitivity Key Concepts in Quantum Technology of quantum sensors could similarly potentially enable Quantum applications rely on a number of key concepts, militaries to detect electromagnetic emissions, thus including superposition, quantum bits (qubits), and enhancing electronic warfare capabilities and potentially entanglement. Superposition refers to the ability of quantum assisting in locating concealed adversary forces. systems to exist in two or more states simultaneously. A qubit is a computing unit that leverages the principle of The DSB concluded that quantum radar, hypothesized to be superposition to encode information. (A classical computer capable of identifying the performance characteristics (e.g., encodes information in bits that can represent binary