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Letter from Secretary-General Honourable Delegates, Participants and Advisors, It is with great pleasure and honour to welcome you all to the 5th edition of HASTRAIN which will be held on 26th and 27th of October at Kadir Has University Haliç Campus which is located at the Golden Horn of Istanbul. This year in HASTRAIN we will simulate five committees with agenda items ranging from peace and security to economic development goals. With diverse topics and problems to solve, the committees will provide a platform for the youth to channel their ambition towards these crises’ that are currently negatively affecting the World. With the topic of East Turkestan, Sinxiang area in China, the delegates of GA4: SPECPOL committee will try to reach a resolution whether there are inhumane actions and systematic genocide towards the Uigur people within the People’s Republic of China. Throughout this journey my colleague and friend Oğuz Öğrenci will accompany me as the Deputy Secretery General of this conference along with the rest of the academic team including our USG’s and Academic Assistants with their exceptionary academic vision and knowledge With that, i Look forward seeing all of our participants whether being a delegate, board member or an advisor on 26th of November at HASTRAIN 19. Welcome home. Letter from Under Secretary-General Most esteemed participants, It is my upmost pleasure to welcome you all to Kadir Has University Model United Nations Training Conference 2019. My name is Doğan Bora Dikme and I am an Industrial Engineering student at Işık University. Even though my proficiency or line of work, probably, will not include politics, my admiration or pleasure I get from it are undoubtable. I believe everybody in their own terms has a political or diplomatic side throughout their life and they should take a part in it at least once in their life. As an individual who believes in the diplomacy and peace, I aim to look upon world’s problems throughout alternative view, not the view that has been presented to us. I am delighted to work with my Assistant Under Secretary-General, Efe Saraç, who is much more than an AUSG for me and for the conference itself. He and I prepared this committee in order for you delegates to approach from different perspective to solve it while the world is crumbling under its pressure. The importance of this committee is that while you are trying to solve the problems and help the oppressed individuals in China, or show the world that there is no oppression it’s just as China has been telling the world, refers to your countries’ perspectives; you will learn how the SPECPOL works and acts. I would like to give my special thanks firstly to esteemed Secretary-General Tolga Yeşil and his Deputy Secretary-General Oğuz Öğrenci, whom I have worked with numerous times before, for giving me and Efe a chance to create this committee and making this amazing conference. Kind Regards, Doğan Bora Dikme Under Secretary-General responsible for SPECPOL Table of Contents 1. Letter from Secretary-General 2. Letter from Under Secretary-General 3. Introduction to the Committee 4. Introduction to the Agenda Item A. History of Xinjiang B. Socio-Economic Aspect 5. Actions That Taken by Chinese Government A. Economic & Migration Policies to Xinjiang B. ETIM, Anti-Terrorist and Re-Education Camps 6. Actions That Taken by International Communities 7. Points That Resolution Should Cover 8. References I) Introduction to the Committee The Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) considers a broad range of issues covering a cluster of five decolonization-related agenda items, the effects of atomic radiation, questions relating to information, a comprehensive review of the question of peacekeeping operations as well as a review of special political missions, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the Report of the Special Committee on Israeli Practices and International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. In addition to these annual items, the Committee also considers the items on Assistance in mine action, and University for peace biennially and triennially respectively. When it was first created, the Fourth Committee was solely responsible for matters of trusteeship and decolonization. However, the Committee's workload decreased when independence was granted to all the United Nations trust territories and the imminent dismantling of the trusteeship system. Consequently, the Fourth Committee was merged with the Special Political Committee, which had been created as a seventh main committee to deal with certain political issues. SPECPOL meets every year from late September to mid-November, but also convenes briefly in the spring to adopt any resolutions and decisions relating to peacekeeping passed by the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations. All 193 member states of the UN can attend its meetings. Unlike most other United Nations bodies, there is no general debate at the beginning of the Committee’s work. The Committee also allows for petitioners, i.e. civil society representatives and other stakeholders, to address it on decolonization issues II) Introduction to the Agenda Item A) History of Xinjiang The recorded history of Xinjiang dates to the 2nd millennium BC. There have been numerous civilizations such as and primarily Han, Turkic, and Mongolic, that have ruled over the region, including the Yuezhi, Xiongnu Empire, Han Dynasty, Cao Wei Sixteen Kingdoms of the Jin Dynasty (Former Liang, Former Qin, Later Liang, and Western Liáng), Tang Dynasty, Tibetan empire, Uyghur Khaganate, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Mongol Empire (Yuan Dynasty), Mongolic Dzungar Khanate, and Manchu Qing Dynasty. Xinjiang was previously known as "Xiyu", under the Han Dynasty, which drove the Xiongnu empire out of the region in 60 BCE in an effort to secure the profitable Silk Road, but was renamed Xinjiang (Meaning "new frontier") when the region was conquered by the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty in 1759. Xinjiang is now a part of the People's Republic of China, having been so since its founding year of 1949. In ancient China, the area was known as "Xiyu" or "Western Regions", a name that became prevalent in Chinese records after the Han Dynasty took control of the region. For the Uyghurs, the region is "Sharqi Turkistan" (literally "Eastern Land of the Turks" in English). The region was referred to as part of "Turkistan" by the 13th century Venetian traveler Marco Polo. After the Qing Dynasty reconquered this region, the area was designated Xinjiang, which was used to refer to any area of former a Chinese empire that had been previously lost but was regained by the Qing, but eventually meant this northwestern Xinjiang alone. In the Uyghur language, Xinjiang is considered more center than northwestern in orientation. Islamization The ancient territory of what is known as Xinjiang includes one of the distinctive regions of the Tarim Basin and Dzungaria, was initially populated by Indo-European Tocharian and Iranic Saka people who rehearsed the Buddhist religion. The Turfan and Tarim Basins were populated by users of Tocharian language, with "Europoid" mummies found in the area. The region was exposed to Islamization in the hands of Turkic Muslims. The social shift was done between 9th and 11th centuries by two distinctive Turkic kingdoms, the Buddhist Uyghur Kingdom of Qocho and the Muslim Karluk Kara-Khanid Khanate. During the 10th century, the Saka Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan went under assault by the Turkic Muslim Karakhanid ruler Musa, and in what demonstrated to be a vital occasion in the Islamization of the Tarim Basin, the Karakhanid leader Yusuf Qadir Khan vanquished Khotan around 1006. Professor James A. Millward classifed the first Uyghurs as physically Mongoloid, giving considerable evidences in Bezeklik at Temple 9 of the Uyghur benefactors, until they started to blend with the Tarim Basin's eastern Iranian occupants. The current Uyghur community are presently a blended ethnic gathering of East Asian Mongoloid and Europoid Caucasian populaces. Administration Xinjiang is divided into thirteen prefecture-level divisions: four prefecture-level cities, six prefectures, and five autonomous prefectures (including the sub-provincial autonomous prefecture of Ili, which in turn has two of the seven prefectures within its jurisdiction) for Mongol, Kyrgyz, Kazakh and Hui minorities. At the end of the year 2017, the total population of Xinjiang is 24.45 million. These are then divided into 13 districts, 25 county-level cities, 62 counties, and 6 autonomous counties. Ten of the county-level cities do not belong to any prefecture, and are de facto administered by the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Sub-level divisions of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is shown in the adjacent picture and described in the table below: Administrative divisions of Xinjiang Prefecture-level city district areas County-level cities Divisions[94] Divisi Populati No Area in Aut. CL on Division 2[92] on Seat Distric Counti . [91] km [93] counti citie code 2010 ts es es s Xinjiang 65000 Uyghur 1664900. 21,813,3 Ürümqi cit 13 62 6 25 0 Autonomous 00 34 y Region 65010 3,110,28 Tianshan 1 Ürümqi city 13787.90 7 1 0 0 District 65020 Karamay 2 Karamay city 8654.08 391,008 4 0 District 65040 Gaochang 3 Turpan city 67562.91 622,679 1 2 0 District 65050 142094.8 Yizhou 4 Hami city 572,400 1 1 1 0 8 District Changji 65230 1,428,59 5 Autonomous 73139.75 Changji city 4 1 2 0 2 Prefecture
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