Larval Development of the Plantain-Feeding Moth Scopula Rubraria (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Poster Abstracts 327 Larval development of the plantain-feeding moth Scopula rubraria (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) B.A. Philip and C.M. Ferguson AgResearch Invermay, PB 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand Corresponding author: [email protected] ‘Tonic’ plantain has become a popular forage crop, but several Lepidoptera species not traditionally considered pests have caused significant damage in some stands. At least two species of looper caterpillars (Family Geometridae) commonly referred to as ‘plantain moths’, Scopula rubraria and Epyaxa rosearia, have been associated with serious defoliation. Both are thought to be New Zealand native species, with S. rubraria also present in Australia. Leafroller caterpillars (Family Tortricidae) Merophyas leucaniana (New Zealand native) and M. divulsana (Australian species) have also been found damaging plant crowns. Scopula rubraria were collected from a Manawatu plantain/grass sward. A laboratory colony was established at 17°C±1°C, and 20 larvae were reared individually on harvested ‘Tonic’ plantain foliage. Five larval instars for both sexes were observed; mean weights at the start of each instar were 0.04, 0.32, 1.64, 4.60 and 9.95 mg. Most larval growth occurred in the fifth instar with mean maximum weight being 35.65 mg. Mean durations of each instar were: 5.4, 4.8, 3.5, 4.2 and 10.1 days and the total larval stage was 28.0 days. Pupal duration averaged 11.8 days. Resultant adults began laying eggs 1-2 days after eclosion and these hatched in 7 days. The total length of the life cycle was approximately 49 days. Suitability of four Eucalyptus host species for the development of Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellapé M.C. Saavedra1, T.M. Withers2 and G.I. Holwell1 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 2Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand Corresponding author: [email protected] Thaumastocoris peregrinus is a serious pest of Eucalyptus species. This invasive insect has established in Auckland, New Zealand, since it was first detected in March of 2012. Elsewhere in the world it causes enormous economic losses to the eucalypt forest industry but also damages urban trees in public spaces. Laboratory experiments were undertaken to evaluate the suitability of four Eucalyptus host species for the development of T. peregrinus, where three of these species are economically important for the forestry industry and the other is a popular amenity tree. The development of eggs, nymphs and adults was evaluated and fecundity calculated in excised leaf assays in the laboratory. As a result E. nitens and E. nicholii were identified as suitable host plants. On the other hand, the insect did not survive on either E. fastigata or E. regnans. Accordingly, this study contributes evidence that there may be lower risk to species within the subgenus Monocalyptus from T. peregrinus. As E. regnans and E. fastigata are two of valued eucalypt species grown for pulp in commercial forestry in New Zealand and worldwide, these are positive findings for the forestry sector. © 2014 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.) www.nzpps.org Refer to http://www.nzpps.org/terms_of_use.html.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Entomology of the Aucklands and Other Islands South of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, Ex Cluding Non-Crambine Pyralidae
Pacific Insects Monograph 27: 55-172 10 November 1971 ENTOMOLOGY OF THE AUCKLANDS AND OTHER ISLANDS SOUTH OF NEW ZEALAND: LEPIDOPTERA, EX CLUDING NON-CRAMBINE PYRALIDAE By J. S. Dugdale1 CONTENTS Introduction 55 Acknowledgements 58 Faunal Composition and Relationships 58 Faunal List 59 Key to Families 68 1. Arctiidae 71 2. Carposinidae 73 Coleophoridae 76 Cosmopterygidae 77 3. Crambinae (pt Pyralidae) 77 4. Elachistidae 79 5. Geometridae 89 Hyponomeutidae 115 6. Nepticulidae 115 7. Noctuidae 117 8. Oecophoridae 131 9. Psychidae 137 10. Pterophoridae 145 11. Tineidae... 148 12. Tortricidae 156 References 169 Note 172 Abstract: This paper deals with all Lepidoptera, excluding the non-crambine Pyralidae, of Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes and Snares Is. The native resident fauna of these islands consists of 42 species of which 21 (50%) are endemic, in 27 genera, of which 3 (11%) are endemic, in 12 families. The endemic fauna is characterised by brachyptery (66%), body size under 10 mm (72%) and concealed, or strictly ground- dwelling larval life. All species can be related to mainland forms; there is a distinctive pre-Pleistocene element as well as some instances of possible Pleistocene introductions, as suggested by the presence of pairs of species, one member of which is endemic but fully winged. A graph and tables are given showing the composition of the fauna, its distribution, habits, and presumed derivations. Host plants or host niches are discussed. An additional 7 species are considered to be non-resident waifs. The taxonomic part includes keys to families (applicable only to the subantarctic fauna), and to genera and species.
[Show full text]
Castlemaine Naturalist April 2012 Vol
Castlemaine Naturalist April 2012 Vol. 37.3 #397 Monthly newsletter of the Castlemaine Field Naturalists Club Inc. Plume moth Stangeia xerodes Maldon Photo – Noel Young Carpets in the Mt Alexander Shire. By Chris Timewell Using information from the third volume of the Moths of Victoria, moth species from the subfamily Sterrhinae (commonly known as Waves) that potentially occur in the Mount Alexander shire were addressed in a Castlemaine Naturalist article in late 2011. This present article addresses the moths from the subfamily Larentiinae potentially occurring in the Mount Alexander Shire, also based on information from the third volume of the Moths of Victoria. The Larentiinae are also known as Carpets, due to the patterns on their wings. They are small to medium sized moths. They often have transverse markings on their wings, and are usually inconspicuous when they hold their wings flat against the surface on which they are resting. There are approximately 140 species known to occur within Victoria. Using the distribution maps and other accompanying information provided on the CD that comes with volume 3 of the Moths of Victoria, the two tables below list the Carpet moths that are either known to occur or potentially occur in the Mt Alexander Shire. Victorian species that are unlikely to occur here are not listed. In summary, from the ~140 Carpet moth species from 24 different genus that are known to occur in Victoria, at least 17 species from seven genus have been confirmed as occurring in the Mt Alexander Shire (Table 1). Another 45 species from 15 of the 24 genus are predicted to potentially occur in the shire (Table 2), with the remaining ~80 species unlikely to occur here ever.
[Show full text]
Assessing the Invertebrate Fauna Trajectories in Remediation Sites of Winstone Aggregates Hunua Quarry in Auckland
ISSN: 1179-7738 ISBN: 978-0-86476-417-1 Lincoln University Wildlife Management Report No. 59 Assessing the invertebrate fauna trajectories in remediation sites of Winstone Aggregates Hunua quarry in Auckland by Kate Curtis1, Mike Bowie1, Keith Barber2, Stephane Boyer3 , John Marris4 & Brian Patrick5 1Department of Ecology, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647 2Winstone Aggregates, Hunua Gorge Road, Red Hill 2110, Auckland 3Department of Nature Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, PO Box 92025, Auckland 1142. 4Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647. 5Consultant Ecologist, Wildlands, PO Box 33499, Christchurch. Prepared for: Winstone Aggregates April 2016 Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………....................... 2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Results…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 Acknowlegdements……………………………………………………………………………………… 38 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39 Appendix……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43 1 Abstract This study monitored the invertebrates in restoration plantings in the Winstone Aggregates Hunua Quarry. This was to assess the re-establishment of invertebrates in the restoration planting sites and compare them with unplanted control and mature sites. This study follows on from
[Show full text]
REPORT on APPLES – Fruit Pathway and Alert List
EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 5 - REPORT on APPLES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Steffen K, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/107o25ccc1b2c DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on apple .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Data on production and trade of apple fruit ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathway ‘apple fruit’ .....................................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Invertebrate Communities in a Modified Isolated Raised Bog Compared to an Intact Raised Bog in New Zealand
Invertebrate communities in a modified isolated raised bog compared to an intact raised bog in New Zealand C.H. Watts1, B.R. Clarkson1, V.M. Cave2, D. Thornburrow1, S. Thorpe3 1 Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, New Zealand 2 AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3115, Hamilton, New Zealand 3 Independent researcher, Auckland, New Zealand _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY The effect of modifying New Zealand’s threatened peat bogs on invertebrate communities is poorly known, despite their susceptibility to disturbance and their ecological significance. Using Malaise traps, we surveyed and compared terrestrial invertebrates in a remnant modified bog (Moanatuatua) isolated in an agricultural landscape and a community in an intact large bog (Kopuatai) in New Zealand. On average, more invertebrates were caught in the modified bog than in the intact bog. In addition, observed mean abundances for Diptera were higher at the modified bog. In contrast, total and geometric mean abundance of Coleoptera was significantly lower in the modified bog compared to the intact bog. We found no evidence of differences in species richness of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera between the two bogs. Introduced species were more common in the modified bog. Ordination results indicated a difference in invertebrate community composition between the two bogs, and in addition the modified bog plots separated according to their distance from the wetland edge. Our results indicate that, within a modified isolated bog, native invertebrates can survive, and that some specialised and threatened species can thrive. However, the lower proportion of native Diptera and Lepidoptera taxa abundance in the modified bog is reason for concern.
[Show full text]
Lepidoptera: Geometridae) - a Review of Available Data
Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7938 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7938 Taxonomic Papers Larval food plants of Australian Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) - a review of available data Olga Schmidt ‡ ‡ Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany Corresponding author: Olga Schmidt ([email protected]) Academic editor: Axel Hausmann Received: 26 Jan 2016 | Accepted: 18 Mar 2016 | Published: 21 Mar 2016 Citation: Schmidt O (2016) Larval food plants of Australian Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) - a review of available data. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7938. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7938 Abstract Background In Australia, the subfamily Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) comprises over 45 genera with about 270 species described so far. However, life histories of the Australian larentiine moths have barely been studied. New information The current paper presents a list of larval food plants of 51 Australian larentiine species based on literature references, data from specimen labels and own observations. Some Australian habitats are shown. Possible relationships among the taxa based on food preference of the larvae are discussed. Additionally, a list of Australasian larentiine species from the genera occurring in Australia and their food plants is presented. © Schmidt O. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Schmidt O Keywords Australasia, Australia, checklist, host plants, geometrid moths, larentiine moths Introduction The immature stages and biology of the Australian Larentiinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) have received little attention in the past and our knowledge of host plant aﬃliations of the Australian species is remaining scarce.
[Show full text]
Download This PDF File
V PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NSW O PROCEEDINGS L . 1 VOLUME 140 4 of the 0 D E C CCEDER A E E S M LINNEAN O THE F O R B LINNEAN N G T E E E T SOCIETY S R N I OF NEW SOUTH WALES 2 M V 0 D I 1 SOCIETY C X C C L X 8 of NEW SOUTH WALES P R CONTENTS O VOLUME 140 C Volume 140 E E Papers published in 2018, compiled 31 December 2018 D I Published at http://escholarship.library.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/LIN N G (date individual papers were published online at eScholarship) S O F 1-6 Notes on the mammals collected on the Chevert expedition, to New Guinea, in 1875. T H G. R. Fulton. E Published 10 January 2018. L I 7-243 Norfolk Island quarantine survey 2012-2014 – a comprehensive assessment of an isolated subtropical island. N N E G.V.Maynard, B.J.Lepschi and S.F.Malfroy. A Published 10 March 2018. N S 245-251 Archiving the scientific legacy of Dr. Alec Costin. O C G. T. Wright, K. L. McDougall and G. J. McCarthy. I E Published 6 August 2018. T 253-264 Karst values of Kosciuszko National Park, a review of values and of recent research. Y O A. Spate and A. Baker. F N Published 25 August 2018. S . 265-294 Conodonts, corals and stromatoporoids from Late Ordovician and Latest Silurian allochthonous limestones in the W Cuga Burga Volcanics of central western New South Wales.
[Show full text]
205 Molecular Analysis Are As Follows: 1. The
molecular analysis are as follows: 4. ‘Chlorocoma’ cadmaria is distinct genetically from 1. The Geometrinae is monophyletic apart from Chlorocoma s. str. This species is the only Chloro- Anomogenes, a ‘grey’ geometrine (Pseudopterp- coma that feeds on Leptospermum; nini), which forms a clade with the Boarmiini 5. ‘Prasinocyma’ semicrocea is genetically and mor- using 28S D2 data; phologically very close to Chlorocoma. 2. The Pseudopterpnini, apart from Anomogenes, 6. The Dysphanini, represented by Dysphania nu- forms a clade within the Geometrinae; mana, forms a distinct sister group to the Geo- 3. Oenochlora imperialis, a large emerald, that occurs metrinae (LW Rhodopsin data only). in sub-tropical Australia is well supported as This study is not complete. More taxa are yet to be having basally derived characters in the Geome- included in the molecular analysis and relationships trinae; will be further explored in the context of morpho- logical structures. Recent developments in our understanding of the southern Australian Larentiinae Peter B. McQuillan & Catherine J. Young McQuillan, P. B. & C. J. Young (2006): Recent developments in our understand- ing of the southern Australian Larentiinae. – Spixiana 29/3: 205-206 Corresponding author: Dr. Peter B. McQuillan, School of Geography and Envi- ronmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart; TAS 7000; e-mail: [email protected] There is renewed interest in the Larentiinae since moths which experience breeding peaks is wet years their basal position in the family was inferred from in the semi-arid parts of Australia and then disperse molecular data (Abraham et al. 2001, Young 2004). widely to coastal areas and off-shore islands.
[Show full text]
Gwambygine Pool Conservation Reserve
Gwambygine Pool Conservation Reserve Fauna (macro-invertebrate and herpetofauna) Inventory Survey - 2009/10 ©David Knowles Spineless Wonders Fauna Surveys Prepared and published for the River Conservation Society York Western Australia with financial assistance from Wheatbelt Natural Resource Management. Cover Photograph: Common male Gwambygine Pool Damselfies (above) Blue Ringtail Lestidamselfly Austrolestes annulosus (centre) Redfront Coenadamselfly Xanthagrion erythroneurum (below) Aurora Bluetail Coenadamslefly Ischnura heterosticta Report David Knowles Design Fleur Knowles Spineless Wonders 08 9247 5772 [email protected] www.spinelesswonders.com.au CONTENTS Page Forward 4 Introduction 5 Maps and Pie Graph 9 Scope 12 Specimen preservation and collection 13 Voucher Specimen Lodgement 13 Interpretation aids 13 DEC Permit 13 Sampling Methods 14 Definitions 16 Site Subregion and Description 17 Plants of the Immediate Riparian Zone 18 Results - Ordinal Summaries and Tables 19 Conclusions 44 Recommendations 45 Acknowledgements 46 Web Resources 46 References 47 Interpreting The Tables – DefinitionsSymbols 48 Text And Abbreviations 48 MAIN TABLE APPENDIX 1 - 6 49 Table Appendix 7 - Table Of Commom Naming Codes 102 - 124 COLOUR SUPPLEMENT Spring (GREEN) 1 Summer (RED) 30 Autumn (GOLD) 58 Gwambygine Pool Conservation Reserve Fauna (macro-invertebrate and herpetofauna) Inventory Survey Forward It gives me a great deal of pleasure to present this Invertebrate Survey of Gwambygine Pool Conservation Reserve by David Knowles. The River Conservation Society commissioned David to carry out three surveys of the Reserve in September, October and November 2009 and in May 2010. The survey has revealed a rich diversity and abundance of the terrestrial invertebrate population in close proximity to Gwambygine Pool – a much greater abundance than had been expected.
[Show full text]
PITFALLS and PRESERVATIVES: a REVIEW Abstract J. Ent. Soc. Ont
Pitfalls and preservatives: A review JESO Volume 145, 2014 PITFALLS AND PRESERVATIVES: A REVIEW M. J. SKVARLA1*, J. L. LARSON2, A. P. G. DOWLING3 1,3Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701 email, [email protected] Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 145: 15–43 An extensive review of the factors that affect the performance of arthropod pitfall traps is given. Liquid preservatives are discussed in a separate section because the choice affects the quality and composition of taxa collected in pitfalls. Published November 2014 Introduction Pitfall traps are a popular method for collecting ground beetles, spiders, ants and other epigeal arthropods (Westberg 1977; Niemelä et al. 1992; Bestelmeyer et al. 2000; Southwood & Henderson 2000; Phillips & Cobb 2005). While many shorter, general overviews exist (e.g., general techniques: Balogh 1958; Duffey 1972; Bestelmeyer et al. 2000; Southwood and Henderson 2000; Woodcock 2005; issues with pitfalls: Adis 1979), none have exhaustively examined the published literature recently. Herein we present such a review with the hope it will provide a sound base for those incorporating pitfall traps into research. While the choice of preservative will affect the quality of specimens in any type of trap, it is a critical decision in pitfalls for several reasons. Chiefly, preservatives differentially attract and repel select arthropod taxa, which will affect the composition of taxa collected (Weeks & McIntyre 1997). Additionally, pitfalls are often set without covers in open fields, so lose more preservative through evaporation than other traps and are affected to a greater degree by rain and dilution by rainwater (Porter 2005). Therefore, we include a section detailing possible positives and negatives of preservatives used in pitfall traps.
[Show full text]
Plantago Lanceolata–An Overview of Its Agronomically and Healing Valuable Features
Open Agriculture 2021; 6: 479–488 Review Article Michal Pol*, Knut Schmidtke, Sylwia Lewandowska Plantago lanceolata – An overview of its agronomically and healing valuable features https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2021-0035 produced [1], but also in terms of preserving soil fertility received May 20, 2021; accepted June 20, 2021 and water quality, the targeted promotion of biodiversity, ﬁ - Abstract: This article gives an overview of the widely and climate protection in order to be classi ed as sustain [ ] distributed herb ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata). able cropping systems 2 . To achieve these goals in Currently, this plant is mostly grown in grasslands, rarely arable farming, priority is given to technical measures in arable land, and its secondary metabolites are used in such as reduced tillage, targeted use of fertilizers and medicine. Studies cited in the article indicate its very pesticides by means of digitalization and precision farming, [ ] - rapid growth and deep rooting in the soil, which results and by providing new varieties through breeding 3 .Actu in high drought tolerance and uptake of valuable nutri- ally, innovations can possibly also be achieved for the ents from deep soil layers. An intensive symbiosis with development of sustainable arable farming systems through - various mycorrhizal fungi is characteristic of plantain the targeted integration of plant species that have not pre for a high capacity for nutrient and water appropriation. viously been used in farming systems or have only been It is also characterized by diﬀerent contents of iridoid used to a limited extent. ( ) glycosides like aucubin and catalpol in shoots and roots Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata L.
[Show full text]
Insect Pests Associated with White and Caucasian Clover in a Bay of Plenty Dairy Pasture
Pasture Pests and Beneficials 234 INSECT PESTS ASSOCIATED WITH WHITE AND CAUCASIAN CLOVER IN A BAY OF PLENTY DAIRY PASTURE R.N. WATSON, F.J. NEVILLE and N.L. BELL AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton ABSTRACT Pasture plots containing white and Caucasian clover were established on a summer-dry coastal Bay of Plenty farm and maintained under dairy grazing into a second year. Of soil dwelling pests, grass grub and Tasmanian grass grub populations increased most rapidly, with fewer present under Caucasian clover. Foliar insect feeding, with up to 26% loss of leaf area in white clover, was caused by lepidopteran larvae of Zizina labradus and indigenous species of Epyaxa. Epyaxa rosearia was the most significant defoliating insect on Caucasian clover. This is the first time that Epyaxa has been implicated as a pest of pasture legumes. Keywords:Trifolium repens, Trifolium ambiguum, insect pests, Zizina labradus, Epyaxa rosearia, Costelytra zealandica, Aphodius tasmaniae INTRODUCTION White clover (Trifolium repens)(WC) abundance varies seasonally in coastal Bay of Plenty dairy pasture, with very reduced levels sometimes extending over successive years (Watson et al. 1994). A combination of low soil moisture with high surface temperatures in summer can severely reduce WC growing point densities. Drought effects and subsequent recovery of WC are further exacerbated by clover cyst (Heterodera trifolii) and root knot (Meloidogynespp.) nematodes. Surface stolonation of WC and a generally shallow root system make it vulnerable to environmental extremes. Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum)(CC) is a perennial pasture legume which spreads from underground rhizomes and may provide for more reliable summer persistence.
[Show full text]