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อนุกรมวิธานของมดสกุล Platythyrea ROGER, 1863 (HYMENOPTERA

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อนุกรมวิธานของมดสกุล Platythyrea ROGER, 1863 (HYMENOPTERA 145923291 อนุกรมวิธานของมดสกุล Platythyrea ROGER, 1863 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) ในประเทศไทย BUU iThesis 59910009 thesis / recv: 28052561 13:49:13 seq: 14 TAXONOMY OF THE ANT GENUS Platythyrea ROGER, 1863 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) IN THAILAND NATTHAPORN PHENGSI BURAPHA UNIVERSITY 2017 59910009_145923291 อนุกรมวิธานของมดสกุล Platythyrea ROGER, 1863 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) ในประเทศไทย 145923291 BUU iThesis 59910009 thesis / recv: 28052561 13:49:13 seq: 14 นัฏฐพร เพ็งศรี วทิ ยานิพนธ์น้ีเป็นส่วนหน่ึงของการศึกษาตามหลกั สูตรวทิ ยาศาสตรมหาบณั ฑิต สาขาวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ชีวภาพ คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยบูรพา 2560 ลิขสิทธ์ิของมหาวทิ ยาลยั บูรพา TAXONOMY OF THE ANT GENUS Platythyrea ROGER, 1863 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) IN THAILAND 145923291 BUU iThesis 59910009 thesis / recv: 28052561 13:49:13 seq: 14 NATTHAPORN PHENGSI A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF SCIENCE BURAPHA UNIVERSITY 2017 COPYRIGHT OF BURAPHA UNIVERSITY D ABST RACT 59910009: MAJOR: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; M.Sc. (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES) KEYWORDS Ant/ Distribution/ Ponerinae/ Taxonomy/ Thailand : NATTHAPORN PHENGSI: TAXONOMY OF THE ANT GENUS Platythyrea ROGER, 1863 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE) IN THAILAND . ADVISORY COMMITTEE: SALINEE KHACHONPISITSAK, WEEYAWAT JAITRONG, 2017 145923291 The Platythyrea Roger, 1863, a ponerine genus, is arboreal ants, nesting in hollow branches or other preformed cavities in live or fallen trees and foraging on tree trunks or other vegetation. Member of the ant genus Platythyrea are rarely collected. The present taxonomic study is the update revision of Platythyrea. It is BUU iThesis 59910009 thesis / recv: 28052561 13:49:13 seq: 14 largely based on the materials deposited in museums of Thailand. A total of seven species of the ant genus Platythyrea were reported from Thailand of which two species are new to science. Based on external morphology of workers, they belong to the two distinct species-groups: P. clypeata group (P. clypeata Forel, 1911, P. grandis sp. nov., and P. janyai Phengsi, Jaitrong, Ruangsittichai et Khachonpisitsak, 2018) and P. paralella group (P. itoi sp. nov., P. paralella (F. Smith, 1859), P. quadridenta Donistrope, 1941, and P. tricuspidata Emery, 1900). The characteristics of external morphology that can be used for separating two species groups are shape of propodeal spiracle, frontal carina condition, shape of propodeal junction, and petiole shape. In terms of distribution, P. paralella is the most widely distributed while P. clypeata is clearly restricted to eastern Thailand. Also, P. itoi sp. nov. is apparently restricted to northern Thailand whereas P. janyai, P. quadridenta, and P. tricuspidata are clearly restricted to southern Thailand. A key to known species and distribution map of the ant genus Platythyrea are presented here. E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the advisory committee members, Dr. Salinee Khachonpisitsak (advisor), Dr. Weeyawat Jaitrong (co-advisor), Associate Professor Dr. Nantasak Pinkaew (principal examiner), and Assistant Professor Dr. Chanawat Tuntiwaranuruk (member) for their kind advice, comments, suggestions, and discussion throughout this study. 145923291 I also grateful to Assoc. Prof. Decha Wiwatwitaya (Kasetsart University, Thailand) and Prof. Fuminori Ito (Kagawa University, Japan), who kindly allowed to BUU iThesis 59910009 thesis / recv: 28052561 13:49:13 seq: 14 examine the ant specimens for this study in their collections and Yudthana Samung (Mahidol University, Thailand) for imaging assistance in this paper. This work was supported by Grant for Graduate Student 2016–2017 from Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Thailand. Finally, my deep gratitude goes to my family and friends for their presence in my life. They have been encouraging me to get my master's degree and beyond myself. NATTHAPORN PHENGSI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. D ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... E 145923291 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... F LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ G BUU iThesis 59910009 thesis / recv: 28052561 13:49:13 seq: 14 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... H CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................. 3 LITERATURE REVIEWS ............................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................ 18 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................. 18 CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................ 27 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................................ 68 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ......................................................................... 68 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 71 VITA ............................................................................................................................ 77 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1. Colony size of the ant genus Platythyrea.....................................................7 Table 2-2. World distribution of the ant genus Platythyrea based on political regions............................................................................................................................9 Table 4-1. Distribution of Platythyrea in Thailand. N, Northern; NE, Northeastern; E, Eastern; W, Western; C, Central; and S, Southern.......................................................67 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1. External morphology of the ant (Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant)....................................................................4 Figure 2-2. External morphology of the ant genus Platythyrea. A, body in profile view; B, head in full-face view; and C, body in dorsal view.........................................6 Figure 2-3. World distribution map of the ant genus Platythyrea (Antwiki, 2018)...............................................................................................................................9 Figure 3-1. Map showing collection sites for Platythyrea specimens in Thailand......19 Figure 3-2. Term of relative position for Platythyrea specimens: A, head in full-face view; and B, body in dorsal view.................................................................................22 Figure 3-3. Whole body in profile view of Platythyrea...............................................23 Figure 3-4. Mesosoma in profile view of Platythyrea.................................................23 Figure 3-5. Triangular mandible of Platythyrea clypeata group..................................24 Figure 3-6. Morphometric measurements. A, head in full-face view; B, antenna; C, body in profile view: D, petiole in profile view; and E, petiole in dorsal view...........26 Figure 4-1. Worker of Platythyrea clypeata. A, body in profile view; B, head in full- face view; and C, body in dorsal view.........................................................................35 Figure 4-2. Queen of Platythyrea clypeata. A, body in profile view; B, head in full- face view; and C, body in dorsal view.........................................................................36 Figure 4-3. Male of Platythyrea clypeata. A, body in profile view; B, head in full-face view; and C, body in dorsal view.................................................................................37 Figure 4-4. SEM images of Platythyrea clypeata (A1–A3) and P. janyai (B1–B3). A1, B1 Sculpture on lateral face of head; A2, B2 Ommatidia of eye; A3, B3 Petiole in profile view..................................................................................................................38 Figure 4-5. Worker of Platythyrea grandis. A, body in profile view; B, head in full- face view; and C, body in dorsal view.........................................................................42 Figure 4-6. Worker of Platythyrea itoi. A, body in profile view; B, head in full-face view; and C, body in dorsal view.................................................................................46 Figure 4-7. Worker of Platythyrea janyai. A, body in profile view; B, head in full-face view; and C, body in dorsal view.................................................................................50 Figure 4-8. Worker of Platythyrea paralella. A, body in profile view; B, head in full- face view; and C,
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