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Issues, and Ideas THE CHANGE Adult Education for Social Justice: News, AGENT Issues, and Ideas Immigration The Current Debate Learning About Immigration ........................ 1-14 What If Immigration’s Not the Problem? Asking Questions About Immigration Immigration Myths & Realities Quiz A World On the Move Global Migration Patterns Where Have Immigrants Come From? Who Do You Believe? Questioning Immigration Proposals Coming to the U.S. ...................................... 15-23 To Save My Life Exploring Your Experience: Life Journeys Exploring Others’ Experiences: Reasons for Leaving Home Hanging On To Hope How to Make Money from a Border What is NAFTA? Understanding Push and Pull Factors Living in the U.S. ........................................ 24-30 David Bacon Where Do We Belong? A Note to Young Immigrants Immigrants’ Cultural Contributions What if Immigration’s Not Policy Options: Path to Citizenship Where’s the Money? Undocumented Immigration........................ 31-37 the Problem? Choosing Our Words Words Paint Pictures by Cara Anaam Viewpoints: Undocumented Immigration Sometimes Breaking the Law Isn’t a Crime The Multitude of Jobs Immigrants Do Why at this point in our history are we, a nation of immigrants, so Undocumented Immigrants: Myths and Reality hyped up about immigration? And what in the heat of the debate is not Immigration Policy and Racism ................... 38-43 being talked about? As with so many issues in this country at the mo- Code Words for Racism ment, the debate seems to have served mostly to create division rather Scales Falling Off Policy is “White-foot, Black-foot” than clarity. Exploitation Without Borders Framing the current controversy as being about “immigration re- Immigrants’ Rights ..................................... 44-51 form” puts immigrants at the root of the problem. But are they really? Immigrant Workers’ Rights Worker Wins Her Rights But Loses Hope Is This Moral? continued on page 3 Continued on next page Issue 23 www.nelrc.org/changeagent September 2006 The Change Agent is the biannual publication of The New England From the Editors Literacy Resource Center (NELRC). Each issue of the paper helps Immigration—it’s right now, it’s emotional, it’s complex, and it’s teachers incorporate social justice content into their curriculum. The uncertain. While we were working on this issue, public debate about paper is designed for intermediate- immigration grew more and more intense. Immigrants poured into the level ESOL, ABE, GED, and adult diploma classes. Each issue focuses streets all over the nation to state their opposition to the bill passed by on a different topic that is relevant to the U.S. House of Representatives. Talk shows brimmed with opinions learners’ lives. and experts. Some states passed their own laws instead of waiting for In New England, The Change Congress to act. This often charged and always complicated issue burst Agent is available free of charge in limited quantities through NELRC’s open for debate. We still don’t know what Congress will do—whether affiliated state literacy resource centers the laws will change and how. But is it incontrovertible that our country (SABES, ATDN, CALL, Vermont Adult Education Board, Literacy Resources/ is grappling with its identity as an immigrant nation. Rhode Island, New Hampshire This issue offers a broad array of information, lessons, opinions, Department of Education). Contact these centers to learn how to receive and provocative articles aimed at helping readers sort through the your free copies. PDF versions of The current debate. We start with a broad brush: opportunities to learn Change Agent can be downloaded general information about immigration, global migration patterns, and for free from our Web site. where immigrants to the U.S. have come from. We explore some of the Submissions reasons people come to the U.S—the push and pull factors that so Our next issue is about Caring for Our Children. often go hand in hand. We welcome submissions from This issue is also full of material to help people understand and teachers and students in our field as well as activists and thinkers from explore just what is being talked about—and not—by elected officials. outside the field. We also have several sections dedicated to understanding and exposing For submission guidelines visit www.nelrc.org/changeagent or call the subtext of the debate: immigration’s connections to racism, human 617-482-9485. rights, and the insatiable appetite of our capitalist economy. Subscriptions There are many, many opinions, data, and studies about the pros A one year (2 issues) subscription and cons of immigration. You may also see some data inconsistencies is $10 ($12 Canada). The Change Agent is also available in in this issue. Though we tried to minimize this, it does reflect that most bulk sets (25 copies, twice a year) for numbers—whether they represent how many undocumented immigrants $50. See our Web site for details. live here or how much they pay in taxes—are estimates. Editors: Angela Orlando, Cara Anaam Finally, this issue and the members of our editorial board are Layout: Angela Orlando squarely pro-immigrant. We support and affirm immigrants’ calls for Editorial Board: Elsa Auerbach, Marcia Drew Hohn, Silja Kallenbach, Christine justice, dignity, and the right to be full members of society. Kenny, Ki Kim, Maria Elena Letona, This issue will challenge you—it has certainly challenged us. May it Kathleen McCarthy, Michael Prokosch, Mina Reddy, Priyanks Sharma, also help you clarify what you really believe about immigration—what is JoAnne Steglitz, Kerline Tofuri, at the heart of the issue. Cyhthia Tschampl, Felipe Vaquerano, Christiane Wollaston-Joury —Angela Orlando and Cara Anaam, editors The Change Agent is published by the New England Literacy Resource Center/World Education 44 Farnsworth Street Boston, MA 02210 617-482-9485 Table of Contents continued www.nelrc.org/changeagent We All Have Constitutional Rights Myths and Facts What Should I Do If Immigration Authorities Stop Me? Policy Options: Guest Worker Program What Are Human Rights? Border Security ........................... 60-65 Migrant Rights Are Human Rights Behind the “Border Scare” Policy Options: Detention, Deportation, Border Insecurity Access to Courts Policy Options: Border Security Immigrants & the Economy .......... 52-59 Getting Active.............................. 66-69 Competing for Work? Out of the Shadows, Into the Streets The Jobs Undocumented Workers Do Just Like You! Oi-Kwan “Annie” Lai’s Story Safe Ways to Get Involved Do Immigrants Pay Their Fair Share of Taxes? A Drain on the Public Purse? Resources ................................... 70-71 Learning About Immigration continued from front cover What indeed is the “problem” that our And if we’re worried about strained public country is facing? Is it that we have too many and social services or the lack of living wage jobs people so we need to reduce immigration? Is it shouldn’t we question the roles played by con- that public ser- tinual budget and tax cuts, corporate outsourcing vices like educa- and downsizing, and a low minimum wage? tion and medical It’s also curious that the debate at this time By trying to identify more care are strained seems to focus primarily on our southern border specifically the problems and even failing? and even more specifically on undocumented im- our country is facing we Is it that there is migrants who often cross this border. It is there a lack of jobs for we see the flow of impoverished brown workers might see root causes all who want to from Mexico and Central America. Most come that point us to very dif- work in the because traditional agricultural labor is no longer ferent solutions. United States? a way to support their families in their native By trying to lands, and they identify more do not have the specifically the education or the ...immigration policy does problems our country is facing we might see root opportunity to causes that point us to very different solutions. seek other work. need some changing, but If, for example, we are worried about the flow of Our existing it’s only one part of a web undocumented immigrants, shouldn’t we exam- policies are not of interconnected eco- ine the national and international policies that working for the nomic and social policies our country has supported in the last several de- prospective im- cades? The North American Free Trade Agree- migrant or for that need reform. ment (NAFTA), the International Monetary Fund our nation. There (IMF), and the are extremely World Bank have long backlogs for visas and green cards meaning demanded many that people can wait for many years before being It’s also curious that the rapid changes in admitted and reunited with their families. It is debate at this time seems the traditional also difficult for employers in some industries to to focus primarily on our economic struc- find the workers they need. Surely our immigra- southern border and tures of develop- tion policy does need some changing, but it’s ing countries. only one part of a web of interconnected eco- even more specifically on What is the nomic and social policies that need reform. undocumented immi- United States’ Identifying the problem correctly is what grants . responsibility for will lead us to the best solutions. Blaming immi- the havoc policy grants seems unlikely to get us very far. decisions like NAFTA have Cara Anaam is the assistant editor of The Change Agent. caused? What kind of development assistance should the U.S. provide to Mexican and Central American governments to help them develop jobs at home for their workers? The Change Agent — September 2006 3 Learning About Immigration Asking Questions About Immigration Suggestions for Teachers by Elsa Roberts Auerbach This time of national debate on immigration presents a “teachable moment” for our students. Here are some suggestions for starting classroom conversations about immi- gration.
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