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Stonewall GREENWICH VILLAGE and Uprising in Front of the Bar, June STONEWALL UPRISING Dancing, Was Popular with a Younger, Diverse 29, 1969

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Stonewall GREENWICH VILLAGE and Uprising in Front of the Bar, June STONEWALL UPRISING Dancing, Was Popular with a Younger, Diverse 29, 1969 The bar, one of the few that allowed Participants of the Stonewall GREENWICH VILLAGE AND Uprising in front of the bar, June STONEWALL UPRISING dancing, was popular with a younger, diverse 29, 1969. Photo credit: Fred W. PRE-STONEWALL LGBT LIFE crowd. Instead of dispersing, the expected McDarrah, Premium Archive result of a routine raid, a crowd consisting of Collection, Getty Images As early as the 1850s, gay men The Village emerged as the first Stonewall is regarded by many as the single bar patrons, street youth, and neighborhood congregated in Greenwich neighborhood with a significant most important event that led to the modern residents became increasingly angry and began Village. Pfaff’s, 647 Broadway at LGBT population in New York City LGBT civil rights movement. While a number chanting, throwing objects as the police made Bleecker Street, was a hangout for and one of the first nationally. of groups in cities like New York, Philadelphia, arrests. Police called in reinforcements but were “bohemians” such as Walt Whitman Through the 1960s, the area Washington, San Francisco, and Los Angeles barricaded inside the bar. For hours the police and for men seeking men. Bleecker south of Washington Square was had been organizing and demonstrating for tried to clear the neighboring streets while the Street in the 1890s had a number of the location of many bars and equal rights in the 1950s and 60s, Stonewall crowd fought back. The uprising lasted over the “fairy” bars, often subject to raids, clubs that welcomed or merely inspired LGBT people throughout the country course of six days — to July 3. where cross-dressing young men tolerated LGBT patrons. Gay bars to assertively organize on a broader scale. As In the immediate aftermath of Stonewall, the solicited male customers. were crucial to creating a sense of historian Lillian Faderman wrote, “Stonewall was Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Activists The picturesque Village prior to community and cultivating political the shot heard round the world...crucial because Alliance were formed in NYC in 1969. Marsha P. World War I became popular for the action in an era of discrimination. it sounded the rally for the movement.” Johnson and Sylvia Rivera founded STAR (Street artistic and socially and politically Washington Square Arch c. 1900. In the early hours of Saturday, June 28, 1969, Transvestite Action Revolutionaries), an early progressive. Middle-class gay men Photo Credit: Milstein Division, New York police raided the “private” Mafia-run transgender group, in 1970. Within two years, and lesbians appropriated their own Public Library. Stonewall Inn. LGBT rights groups had been started in nearly spaces despite some opposition every major city in the U.S. from fellow Villagers. STONEWALL Court in 2013, and after the Supreme Court youth, and those who were CRUCIAL BECAUSE IT SOUNDED LGBT DISCRIMINATION RELEVANCE OF legalized same-sex marriage nationally in 2015. gender nonconforming it AND ACTIVISM THE RALLY FOR THE MOVEMENT. STONEWALL TODAY People commemorated here the victims of the was even more challenging. 2016 mass shooting at Pulse, a gay nightclub in The Mafia opened bars as —Lillian Faderman, historian, The Gay Revolution Stonewall has taken on shifting meanings. Orlando, Florida. members-only “bottle clubs.” The LGBT community suffered When it was in operation in 1967-69, it was a No license was needed Pulse nightclub shooting memorial in front of the Stonewall Inn, harassment, discrimination, and Mafia-run bar, and representative of the societal a day after Stonewall’s National Monument designation. and a vicious cycle began oppression from their families, organized harassment against the LGBT community. It has Photo credit: Wikimedia Foundation of Mafia-police payoffs. religion, psychiatric professionals, and evolved into a National Historic Landmark and Police harassment of gay government. After Prohibition the New National Monument with worldwide symbolic bars and entrapment were DIVERSITY OF THE LGBT COMMUNITY York State Liquor Authority (SLA) in resonance. It is a shrine, symbol, rallying place top concerns of the LGBT 1934 was granted the power to revoke for civil rights and solidarity. It is a place for the license of bar owners who “permit community in the 1960s. The LGBT community broadly encompasses all ages, races, ethnicities, mourning and remembrance. It was the site for [their] premises to become disorderly” The Mattachine Society and nationalities, class levels, and gender identifications in the five boroughs of the rally after the Snake Pit arrests and the first and the mere presence of gay people Daughters of Bilitis were New York City. The events leading to Stonewall, the uprising itself, and the Pride March in 1970, the Anita Bryant protests in was considered disorderly. LGBT people two of the nation’s first gay political organizing afterward were due to a diverse range of participants and 1977, and demonstrations for LGBT civil rights in could not touch, dance together, make rights groups whose early activists. This tour represents a selection of sites associated with LGBT history the 1980s. More recently, people celebrated here direct eye contact, or wear clothes of political activism help lead to that are located within a very small geographic area surrounding the Stonewall for the legalization of same-sex marriage in New the opposite gender without fearing the Stonewall Uprising and Inn. As such, it does not represent the entire long LGBT history of Greenwich York State in 2011, the overturning of the federal arrest. For women, people of color, changes immediately after. Village, nor does it entirely reflect the diversity of today’s LGBT community. Defense of Marriage Act by the U.S. Supreme W 16th ST E 18th ST JANE ST JANE ST 3. ST. VINCENT’S TRIANGLE AND ENVIRONS, W 15th ST E 17th ST W 12th ST W 12th ST W 13th ST THREE LGBT HISTORIC AREAS OF INTEREST 1920s TO PRESENT E 16th ST 8th AVE W 14th ST BETHUNE ST BANK ST GREENWICH A W 12th ST Since the early 20th century, this neighborhood has been the BLEECKER ST E ST AVE W 13th ST E 15th ST T 6th home of many LGBT people, establishments, and organizations. BANK ST W 11th ST 5th AV S WES W 12th ST GREENWICH ST VE 14 Street – Union Square 1. WASHINGTON SQUARE PARK AND By the 1980s, Greenwich Village was the epicenter of the AIDS VE W 11th ST PERRY ST 7th A M W 11th ST E 13th ST epidemic. Since 1983, New York’s LGBT Community Center WA ENVIRONS, 1890s TO 1960s T VERLVERLY PERRY ST CHARLES ST (208 West 13th Street) has served hundreds of thousands R W 10th ST E 12th ST By the 1890s, Bleecker Street was known for its CHARLES LN Y PL PL AY of people – this is where ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash W 10th ST CHARLES ST E 11th ST UNIVERSITY PL various “dives” attracting men. The block of W 9th ST E T ST OADW VE ST 2. HUDSON RIVER WATERFRONT AND Power) and other groups were organized and met. The former M Y ST TOTOPHERPHPHER ST GRO BR MacDougal Street just south of Washington Square W 10th ST CHRIST GA 5th AVE 10th ST ChristCh opherophephererr StS StatioStationattionon VE AVE W 8th St. Vincent’s Hospital had the first and largest AIDS ward on the ST PIERS, 1890s TO PRESENT h A emerged as the cultural and social center of ST E ST 6th A WA E 9th OPHER ST VE ST VERL CHRIST GRO ST East Coast. In 2017, this history and loss was recognized in the Y PL Greenwich Village’s bohemian set, with an openly For over a century, the Greenwich Village waterfront PLL HUDSON BARRO OWW ST NESES ST New York City AIDS Memorial at St. Vincent’s Triangle. W ST JONES ST gay and lesbian presence in the 1910s. Through along the Hudson River, including the Christopher BARRO S The NYC AIDS Memorial. Photo credit: Erik McGregor/Pacific Press/Alamy Live VE the 1960s, the South Village was the location of Street Pier at West 10th and West Streets, has been MORT ON ST West 4 Street – M E 8th ST News. 7th A Washington Square MORTON ST W 3rd WA many LGBT bars and commercial establishments. a destination for the LGBT community. It evolved SHINGT NJ LERO BEDFORD ST ST Y ST GREENE ST ON SQU from a place of maritime commerce and waterfront GREENWICH ST WA Numerous LGBT writers and artists made the LEROY ST VERL AY Astor Place M AN ST ARE S Y PL CLARKSONMANHATTAN WA Village their home. Meetings at several area saloons, to a popular locale for cruising and sex for ST SHINGT OADW BLEECKER BR SULLIV gay men by the 1960s, to an important refuge for ON PL churches in the 1960s fostered LGBT WNING ST W 4th ST DO ST W HOUS THOMPSON ST TON ST ARDIA PL OOPER SQ rights activism. marginalized queer youth of color today. C GU ON ST W 3rd LA Houston St M ST E 4th S 129 MacDougal Street, c. 1939. Photo credit: NYC Dept. of Taxes, The Grace Line pier located at Christopher Street in an undated AVE ST T KING ST 6th ST Municipal Archives. photo. Photo credit: Milstein Division, New York Public Library. SHINGT BROOKLYN WA HUDSON MERCER BOND ST CHARLTON ST COOPER SQ GREENWICH ST PRINCE ST AY W HOUS YETTE ST A V ANDAM ST T OADW ON ST LAF ARICK ST V W BR Photo credit: Leonard Fink. Courtesy LGBT Community Center National History West 12th St., 1970. Photo credit: Kay Tobin Lahusen, Manuscripts and Archives Photo credit: Glynnis Jones/Shutterstock.com. (middle right) “Gay Liberation” Photo Credit: dbimages / Alamy Stock Photo (bottom left) Marsha Johnson P.
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