Project Report
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AFRO-CUBAN THEMES IN VALERIE COLEMAN’S AFRO-CUBAN CONCERTO A PROJECT REPORT Presented to the Bob Cole Conservatory of Music California State University, Long Beach In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Music Concentration in Instrumental Performance Committee Members: Alicia M. Doyle, Ph.D. (Chair) Michele Grego, M.M. Jermie Arnold, D.M.A. College Designee: Johannes Müller Stosch By Jeffrey C. Wasik B.M., 2017, California State University, Long Beach May 2019 ABSTRACT Valerie Coleman’s Afro-Cuban Concerto for woodwind quintet stretches the limitations of the ensemble by pushing each instrument to their technical limits. Her use of Afro-Cuban rhythms and mixed meters combined with virtuosic writing for all instruments creates a flavor that leaves listeners in awe. The three-movement Afro-Cuban Concerto is a composition that highlights Afro-Cuban rhythms, the characteristics of Santerían worship, and the virtuosic capabilities of wind instruments. Often categorized as a “neo-classical” work because of the form and harmonic structure, the spirit of the work is purely African and Cuban. The first movement, Afro, represents the voice of worshippers within Santería. The clave rhythm is the driving force of the movement with the winds demonstrating their virtuosic abilities with solo passages. The second movement, Vocalise, opens like a prayer with the horn and the bassoon playing the melody in unison. A three-note habanera motif is present throughout most of the movement. A short tutti introduces the final movement, Danza where the flute solo foreshadows a percussive role for the instrument throughout the movement while the rhumba, and its many variations drive the finale of this composition. Each wind player in the third movement is given a solo meant to sound improvised. The Danza movement is the most challenging movement of the concerto due to the speed of the rhumba and the demand for stability through many layers of percussive rhythms the group is playing. Coleman brings a new flavor to the woodwind quintet repertory by paying homage to the roots of Afro-Cuban music. In this paper, I will examine the Afro-Cuban traditions Coleman borrows from in her concerto for woodwind quintet. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my gratitude to those who aided me in the completion of this project. To my advisor Dr. Alicia M. Doyle, thank you for your patience through my graduate studies. I appreciate all the guidance you have offered me, and valuable direction that helped shape this project. To my committee member Dr. Jermie Arnold, thank you for giving me opportunities in leadership and performing throughout my career at the Bob Cole Conservatory. To my bassoon teacher Michele Grego, thank you for your immeasurable support, guidance, encouragement, knowledge and pedagogy over my musical career. I would also like to extend my thanks to my wind quintet colleagues Elvin Schlanger, Seth Leue, Jonathan Galbreath, Allison DeMeulle and our coach John Alan Carnahan for your inspiration and dedication to making great music. Thank you to the many friends I’ve made during my time in the M.M. program; we’ve shared many late nights of practice, concerts, tours, and coffee to get through the program together. I am grateful for the love and support of my family. I could not have completed this program without them. My parents and siblings are the best anyone could ask for. From the long phone calls of advice and encouragement to the tireless trips across the country and state to see me perform for an hour. Lastly, I would like to say thank you to my former bassoon teachers Jim Bernhardt, Judith LeClair, and Patricia Kindel for all the lessons you’ve given me. I’ve learned so much from you all. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ iii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... v 1. VALERIE COLEMAN ..................................................................................................... 1 2. EVOLUTION OF STYLE ................................................................................................ 4 3. THE AFRO-CUBAN CONCERTO ................................................................................... 7 4. PERFORMANCE PRACTICES ...................................................................................... 12 5. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 16 APPENDIX: RECITAL PROGRAM ........................................................................................... 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 19 iv LIST OF FIGURES 1. Clave pattern in 4/4 and 12/8 ............................................................................................ 5 2. mm. 1-5 Illustrating the call to worship in the French horn and the oboe ........................ 8 3. mm. 8-9 Where the French horn takes over the clave ...................................................... 8 4. The clave outlined by the accents in the bassoon ............................................................. 9 5. Unison line between the French horn and bassoon ........................................................... 9 6. Habanera pattern in simple duple time against the habanera in the second movement .... 10 7. The rhumba as it appears in the third movement .............................................................. 11 8. Bassoon solo passage from third movement ..................................................................... 11 9. Ending passage of Afro-Cuban Concerto ......................................................................... 11 10. Graph from Weisberg’s book “The Art of Wind Playing” ............................................... 13 v CHAPTER 1 VALERIE COLEMAN Valerie Coleman is a predominant composer popular in the woodwind quintet realm. Born in 1970, she has been described as one of the “Top 35 Female Composers in Classical Music” by critic Anne Midgette from the Washington Post.1 Coleman’s compositions are distinguishable by their flavorful style and intriguing colors. The Boston Globe has stated that Coleman has a “talent for delineating form and emotion with shifts between ingeniously varied instrumental combinations” and The New York Times describes her output as, “Skillfully wrought, buoyant music.”2 Coleman has composed works from simple instrumental sonatas to wind quintet tone poems about Josephine Baker to full orchestral works.3 Her compositions have been viewed as “deeply relevant contributions” to modern music. A native to Louisville, Kentucky, she began her musical studies at eleven and had written three symphonies by the time she turned fourteen. She was the founder of the Grammy® nominated Imani Winds, from which she recently announced retirement to focus on a career of composition.4 Many of Coleman’s works have been established as standard repertoire in the woodwind quintet library, but she is best known for her 1 Anne Midgette, “The Top 35 Female Composers in Classical Music,” The Washington Post (WP Company, August 4, 2017), https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/ the-top-women-composers-in-classical-music/2017/08/04/ 319274d4-76f2-11e7-803f- a6c989606ac7_story.html? noredirect=on&utm_term =.5b5d053ca60d. 2 Valerie Coleman, “Media,” Valerie Coleman Flutist & Composer , accessed March 23, 2019, https://www.vcolemanmusic.com/media.html. 3 Valerie Coleman, “Works,” Valerie Coleman Flutist & Composer, accessed April 3, 2019, https://www.vcolemanmusic.com/works.html. 4 “Imani Winds Mobile,” Imani Winds (Beauchamp Artist Services, 2019), http://www.imaniwinds.com/imani-winds-mobile. 1 composition entitled Umoja – A Kwanzaa Celebration for woodwind quintet. A piece that is listed in the “Top 101 Great American Works” by Chamber Music America.5 Coleman is frequently a featured guest soloist and composer in many venues across the world including Walt Disney Concert Hall, Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall, The Eastman School, DaCamera Houston, Krannert Center, The Colburn School, and The Juilliard School. As an accomplished flutist, she has recorded with Wayne Shorter, Paquito D’Rivera, Jason Moran, Steve Coleman, Vijay Iyer, Stefon Harris, Chick Corea and others.6 The Imani Winds have been featured with such artists as Yo-Yo Ma, Anne Marie McDermott, Alexa Still, Ani and Ida Kavafian, David Shifrin, Wu Han, Simon Shaheen, and Sam Rivers. Coleman’s works are frequently on the radio with national and local classical stations including Sirius XM, NPR’s Performance Today, All Things Considered, The Ed Gordon Show, and MPR’s Saint Paul Sunday.7 With over twenty years of experience offering masterclasses, clinics and lectures across the country, Coleman is a highly sought-after clinician and performer. She has served on the faculty at Mannes College of Music, Banff Chamber Music Intensive and is a guest lecturer at the University of Chicago. She is recognized among educators to be a strong advocate for diversity in the arts, and remains a mentoring source of inspiration to emerging musicians. In 2011, Imani 5 “Valerie Coleman,” International Opus (International