Nantilla Mining Lease Proposal

Mining Lease Proposal MC 4489

Nantilla

Date: March 2021

Version 2

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 i | Page

Document Status

Program Submission Date Mining Lease Proposal – V1 December 2020 Mining Lease Proposal – V2 March 2021

Prepared by:

Landscape Profile Pty Ltd 209B Henley Beach Rd Torrensville SA 5037 Mobile: 0423307810 Email: [email protected]

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 ii | Page

Contents 1. Declaration of Accuracy ...... 5 1.1 Background ...... 6 1.2 Site Overview ...... 6 1.3 Proponent Details ...... 6 2. Description of the Existing Environment ...... 7 2.1 Topography and landscape ...... 7 2.2 Climate ...... 9 2.3 Topsoil and subsoil ...... 10 2.4 Geological Environment ...... 11 2.5 Geohazards ...... 11 2.6 Groundwater ...... 12 2.7 Hydrology ...... 13 2.8 Vegetation, weeds, and plant pathogens ...... 15 2.9 Fauna ...... 16 2.10 Caves ...... 16 2.11 Land use ...... 17 2.12 Proximity to infrastructure and housing ...... 17 2.13 Exempt Land...... 17 2.14 Amenity ...... 17 2.15 Air quality ...... 17 2.16 Noise ...... 18 2.17 Heritage (Aboriginal, European, Geological) ...... 18 2.18 Proximity to Conservation areas ...... 18 2.19 Pre-existing Site Contamination and Previous Disturbance ...... 19 3. Description of the Proposed Mining Operations ...... 20 3.1 General description and Maps/Plans of Operation ...... 20 3.2 Resource and Products ...... 20 3.2.1 Resource ...... 20 3.2.2 Production Rate and Products ...... 20 3.3 Quarrying Activities ...... 21 3.3.1 Type or types of proposed quarry operation to be carried out ...... 21 3.3.2 Sequence of quarrying and progressive rehabilitation ...... 22 3.3.3 Stockpiles ...... 23 3.3.4 Use of explosives ...... 23 3.3.5 Modes and hours of operation ...... 23

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 iii | Page

3.4 Crushing, processing and product transport ...... 24 3.4.1 Fixed plant ...... 24 3.4.2 Hours of operation ...... 24 3.4.3 Processing wastes ...... 24 3.4.4 Industrial and domestic wastes ...... 24 3.5 Supporting surface infrastructure ...... 25 3.5.1 Access and Roads ...... 25 3.5.2 Accommodation and offices ...... 25 3.5.3 Public services and utilities used by the operation ...... 25 3.5.4 Visual screening ...... 25 3.5.5 Fuel and chemical storage ...... 26 3.5.6 Site security ...... 26 3.5.7 Erosion, Sediment and Silt Control ...... 26 3.6 Vegetation clearance ...... 26 3.7 Description of Quarry Site at Completion ...... 27 3.8 Site Water Management ...... 28 4 Description of Potential Benefits ...... 28 4.1 Social ...... 28 4.2 Economic ...... 28 4.3 Environmental ...... 28 5. Consultation ...... 29 6. Management of Environmental Impacts ...... 33 Reference/Resource ...... 43 Appendix ...... 43 Appendix 1 – Registration of Mineral Claim ...... 44 Appendix 2 - Register of Aboriginal Sites and Objects Letter ...... 45 Appendix 3 – Site Photos ...... 46 Appendix 4 – Land Title ...... 50 Appendix 5 – Barngarla Correspondence ...... 52 Appendix 6 – Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report ...... 53

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 iv | Page

1.1 Background The Mining Lease Proposal is submitted by Clay and Mineral Sales Pty Ltd for the operation of a quarry within Mineral Claim 4489 Nantilla, in the Mount Arden area, approximately 28kms north- northwest of Port Augusta. The current Mineral Claim 4489 has a legal area of 6.15ha.

The proposed mining operations will follow the Nantilla Creek targeting the sand substrate along the creek. There are many existing, proposed, and historical tenements along the Nantilla Creek as described in 1.19 Pre-existing Site Contamination and Previous Disturbance

1.2 Site Overview Tenement details is outlined in Table 1: Tenement Details

Table 1: Tenement Details

Tenement Number MC4489 Tenement Holder/Operator Clay & Mineral Sales Pty Ltd Registration Grant Date 9 January 2020 Expiry Date 8 January 2021 Commodities Sand Legal Area (ha) 6.15 Commodity Categories Construction Materials

1.3 Proponent Details The proponent details are outlined in Table 2: Proponent Details

Table 2: Proponent Details

Operator Clay & Mineral Sales Pty Ltd Director Richard Fricker Postal address PO Box 155, Surrey Downs SA 5126 Telephone 82514000 Email [email protected]

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 6 | Page 2. Description of the Existing Environment 2.1 Topography and landscape The Mining Lease Proposal is submitted by Clay and Mineral Sales Pty Ltd for the operation of a quarry within Mineral Claim 4489 Nantilla, in the Mount Arden area, approximately 28kms north- northwest of Port Augusta. The mineral claim encapsulates the Nantilla Creek targeting the sand substrate along the creek. It is understood that there has been no evidence of any waterflow in the creek for the past 10 plus years. One theory is that the creek was cut off when the Stuart Highway was upgraded. The landscape is a typically arid environment that has been degraded by grazing practices and mining operations.

Figure 1: Topography and Landscape

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 7 | Page Figure 2: Context Map

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 8 | Page 2.2 Climate MC4489 Nantilla is in an arid zone subject to hot summers and cool-to-mild winters, with low sporadic rainfall throughout the year. It is approximately 28kms north-northwest of Port Augusta which has a mean annual rainfall of 209.7mmm over the past 18 years, with the lowest mean rainfall of 12.9mm occurring in Jan and the highest in June with 24.6mm. The temperature patterns from 2001-2020 show mean maximum are highest in the summer months (33°C) and lowest over the winter months (18.6°C).

The prevailing wind directions and speed Port Augusta Power station between 1962 and 1997 are the only records available for Port Augusta from the BOM Climate Data online. The prevailing wind is most often from the south and shown in Figure 3: Prevailing wind directions and speed below.

Figure 3: Prevailing wind directions and speed

http://www.bom.gov.au/clim_data/cdio/tables/pdf/windrose/IDCJCM0021.019066.3pm.pdf

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 9 | Page 2.3 Topsoil and subsoil The site is a sandy creek bed and as such the topsoil is silty sand, fine to medium grained, orange, brown with some organic matter which typically has a depth of ~50-100mm. The thin top layer stripped before sand extraction will contain vegetative debris and natural seed source that will be stored for rehabilitation purposes. Subsoil is predominantly silty sand, fine to coarse grained to a depth of ~1-2m, followed by sandy clay at approx. 2m+. There is no variation in soils over the application area and there are no soil characteristics that may be an issue for disturbance or rehabilitation. This is evidenced by the substantial areas of the Nantilla Creek falling under current or historical EML’s.

Deposit:

Topsoil ~50-100mm (silty sand with organic matter)

Subsoil ~1-2m (silty sand)

~2m+ (sandy clay/clayey sand)

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 10 | Page 2.4 Geological Environment The region is characterised by extensive sand sheets and flat plains with highly permeable sandy soils with low topographic relief.

Various sand pits were established in the sandy creek area approximately 30km nnw of Port Augusta, known as Nantilla Creek in the 1970’s & 80’s, the locations and dimension of these deposits are illustrated in section 2.19. Currently there are five extractive mineral leases (EML) held by Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd within a ~3km radius of MC4489 on the Nantilla Creek. EML5790 is the closest operation directly bordering MC4489 to the west.

The location and dimension of the deposit is illustrated on Figure 10: Proposed Site Layout and shown within the limit of mining. As noted in section 2.3 the depth of the sand within the creek is ~2m, covered with ~50 -100mm layer of topsoil containing organic material/vegetation that will be stripped for extraction works, stored and respread on rehabilitated areas during progressive rehabilitation.

2.5 Geohazards There are no geo-hazards identified on site. The land has only been used for grazing and previous sand mining. There is no geological instability or hazardous materials present.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 11 | Page 2.6 Groundwater The Natural Resource Management Region for the MC4489 is the South Australian Arid Lands. The application area is not within an area where the water resources are prescribed under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004.

A review of SARIG shows there are no water wells within the MC. The closest water well is 643300050 and according to Water Connect the TDS date of 1970 shows a max depth of 29.26m with a SWL(m) 16.76m.

There is no expectation that ground water will be intersected in mining the sand as the quarrying process is a surface scrape to a depth ~2 metres across much of the mineral claim, similar to the abutting EML5790 (Refer to Figure 5).

Figure 4: Wells location map (SARIG)

Figure 5: Cross section Proposed Depth of Mining and Depth of Groundwater

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 12 | Page 2.7 Hydrology The mineral claim encapsulates the Nantilla Creek targeting the sand substrate along the creek. It is understood that there has been no evidence of any waterflow in the creek for the past 10 plus years. One theory is that the creek was cut off when the Stuart Highway was upgraded.

The Nantilla Creek has supported mining operations since the mid 1970’s and currently has five extractive mineral leases (EML) held by Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd within a ~3km radius of MC4489 on the Nantilla Creek. EML5790 is the closest operation directly bordering MC4489 to the west. The sand to be removed is unconsolidated sand and there will be no significant alteration of the geomorphology of the area. A WAA permit is not required, refer section 5 - DEW email (3).

The soils and substrate are highly permeable and, as such, drain feely. Mining will have no detrimental impacts on the water quality as all surface water runoff is confined to the excavated areas and dissipates.

The Native Vegetation Clearance Report notes that there are two water points very close to the site (one very recently dried out, the other still containing water) attracting sheep and kangaroos. These points are outside of the MC at the eastern end, one of which is a naturally low-lying swale and the other a pit that may have been originally created when the internal tracks were formed. These water points are reliant on local rainfall events for recharge and will not be affected by the mining operations.

The MC is not within an area where the water resources are prescribed under the Landscape South Australia Act 2019 or a water protection area under the River Murray Act 2003. The application area is not with the Murray Darling Basin. There is no current availability of water resources within the prescribed area.

Figure 6: Hydrology and Topographic map

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 13 | Page Figure 7: Surface Water Regional Context

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 14 | Page 2.8 Vegetation, weeds, and plant pathogens Native vegetation will be cleared.

A Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report prepared by Succession Ecology provides a comprehensive description and maps of existing flora (native and introduced) in the application area (Refer Appendix 6). The Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report notes the presence of declared weed, Xanthium spinosum (Bathurst Burr).

There are no known plant pathogens such a broomrape or phytophthora on site.

The historic land use of mining over a large area of MC4489, has resulted in natural regrowth arising from previous clearance associated from EML 4547 which expired in 1985 (Refer Figure 8: History of Land Use). The current and historical use of grazing has also altered the original ecological structure and as noted in the Native Vegetation Clearance Report ‘the site is heavily disturbed through overgrazing and soil disturbance’.

Figure 8: History of Land Use (SARIG)

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 15 | Page 2.9 Fauna The area is covered by a mix of introduced and native vegetation which provide some habitat for both pest and native fauna. The species noted through the Enviro Data SA, Nature Maps Fauna Tools for the surrounding area of the MC includes various birds, as detailed below.

Table 3: Nature Maps Fauna List for MC4489 area

The Native Vegetation Clearance Report identifies threatened fauna species, ratings and latest records in Table 1 (Appendix 2) and notes;

‘A 50km protected matters search returned four fauna species (excluding wetland, marine or migratory birds) known to or with habitat known to occur in the area. All four species have been classed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act 1999. Of these four species, only the Yellow- footed Rock-Wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus) has been seen in the last 10 years (2018). The Grey Falcon (Falco hypoleucos) and Western Grasswren (Amytornis textilis myall) were last reported 2006, while the Short-tailed Grasswren (Amytornis merrotsyi merrotsyi) was last recorded in 2001. A number of fauna species listed as threatened in South Australia were identified in a 50km radius NatureMaps search. These include 13 rare species and 12 vulnerable species (excluding wetland, marine or migratory species).’

It is also acknowledged that kangaroos frequent the area and on occasions there may be the presence of other animals such as feral rabbits, cats, foxes, and other native animals such as reptiles and invertebrates. Due to the absence of a consistent water source, the portion of Nantilla Creek that incorporates the MC does not sustain core populations of any significant species.

2.10 Caves There are no caves identified on site.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 16 | Page 2.11 Land use • The historical land use for the application area was agricultural (grazing) until the 1970’s when sand pits were established in Nantilla Creek for the extraction of sand. The current land use is agricultural (grazing) and the proposed (potential) land use is mining. The surrounding area is a large pastoral station, Crown Lease – Volume 6180 Folio 595, Lease #PE002257. Lessee: Kootaberra Pty. Ltd (L6/211 Victoria Sq., Adelaide, SA 5000) • The zoning is a Pastoral Unincorporated Area. • There are no known policies relevant to the application area. • There are no known plans for the future land use changes by other parties. • Other interests o No public utility easements are present o The application is not in the Woomera Prohibited Area or the Cultana Army Training Area o There are no overlapping tenements under the Mining Act 1971 or Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000. The active adjacent tenement is EML5790, Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd registered 23/3/1992 for the commodity of sand with a legal area of 7.5ha. o The status of negotiations with Native Title holders or claimants is contained in Section 5 – Consultation

2.12 Proximity to infrastructure and housing The operation is situated in a remote area, together with other existing mining operations. There is no close proximity infrastructure or housing that might be impacted.

2.13 Exempt Land There is no exempt land within the MC4489 under Section 9 of the Mining Act 1971

There are no waivers of exemption obtained, and/or information on the status of waivers of exemption yet to be negotiated/finalised under Section 9AA of the Mining Act 1971.

2.14 Amenity The site is in the Mount Arden area, approximately 28kms north-northwest of Port Augusta. The MC is situated within a secluded part of a large pastoral lease and ‘as the crow flies’ is over 10km east of the Stuart Highway and is not visible from the road. There is a current mining operation bordering the MC4489 to the west (EML5790). There will be no new impacts or scenic values affected.

2.15 Air quality The mine area lies in an outback rural area that is situated in a relatively low rainfall zone. Therefore, in the dryer months due to existing mining operations, unsealed roads, open and grazed paddocks it is common for the area to be very dusty. Any dust generated from the operations has no negative impacts on the community due to its isolated location and poses minimal increased impacts on the local area.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 17 | Page 2.16 Noise The site is very remote. Noise levels are those which occur naturally, from road use by trucks and other farm vehicles. There are no perceived impacts from noise. There are no receptors.

2.17 Heritage (Aboriginal, European, Geological) The SA Heritage Places Database search did not show any European heritage sites within or close to the ML.

An Aboriginal heritage Database Search on CL 6180/595 noted that there were no registered Aboriginal heritage sites within the tenement area.

A native title search noted a Barngarla Native Title Claim (SCD20166/001). The status of communications is contained within Section 5 – Consultation

2.18 Proximity to Conservation areas There are no conservation areas (national parks and reserves, private conservation areas, Commonwealth recognised conservation areas, heritage agreement areas and geological heritage sites) within close proximity to the application area that could be affected by this operation. The closest conservation park is Duchmans Stern Conservation Park, Quorn, ~40km south-west of the site. There is also a heritage agreement area of ~225ha 40km west.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 18 | Page 2.19 Pre-existing Site Contamination and Previous Disturbance Previous disturbance on site are illustrated on the previous disturbance figure below. MC4489 shadows a portion of a historical tenement EML4547 that was operated by Monier between 1976 and 1985. There are 5 current EML’s 5789, 5790, 5791, 3110 and 3111 operated by Holcim (Australia) Pty Ltd in close proximity to MC 4489.

There is no known existing contamination of the site.

Figure 9: Previous Disturbance

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 19 | Page 3. Description of the Proposed Mining Operations 3.1 General description and Maps/Plans of Operation The proposed mining operations will follow the Nantilla Creek targeting the sand substrate along the creek, utilising a front-end loader, and screened through the mobile dry-screening plant for various specification requirements. There are 3 stages of mining, the predicted mine life is 30 years. The proposed mining operations will operate on a campaign basis with an annual production rate estimated to be 5000tonnes.

3.2 Resource and Products 3.2.1 Resource The current estimated resource is based on the following assumptions:

500m (length) x 100m (width) x 2m (max depth) = 100,000 m3 x 1.6m3 = 160,000tonnes

Therefore, the estimate of the resources mined is 160,000tonnes.

The standard extractive minerals proposed to be extracted and sold is sand.

3.2.2 Production Rate and Products The potential end use for all extractive minerals proposed to be sold (sand) is predominately in the construction industry.

• Annual Production Rate o Product: ~5000tonnes o Overburden: Nil

(note: Topsoil will be set aside and respread to encourage the natural regeneration of vegetation)

• Life of the quarry o 30 years • Material Movement over life of quarry o 160,000tonnes • The annual production of mine gate product can vary depending on market demands. It is expected to be in the range of ~5000 tonnes per annum for the life of the mine. • Truck movements per day estimated to be 1-2

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 20 | Page 3.3 Quarrying Activities 3.3.1 Type or types of proposed quarry operation to be carried out Mineral Claim 4489 Nantilla, is located in the Mount Arden area, approximately 28kms north- northwest of Port Augusta. The current Mineral Claim 4489 has a legal area of 6.15ha.

The operation will be open cut to a varying depth of approximately 2metres. The method of mining the sand is extraction of material in its simplest form, surface scrape. The sand is uncovered, where required, by removing the topsoil, which is stored in linear mounds around the edges of the excavation. The usable sand is then removed from the creek using a loader and taken to the nearby screening plant as shown on the Figure 10: Proposed Site Layout map. The usable sand deposit is anticipated to be between 1-2m. Stockpiles are created at the screening plant prior to material being loaded onto a truck for delivery. Product stocks on site may range from a hundred to a thousand tonnes, determined by market demands.

Under progressive rehabilitation the worked-out areas will be levelled, and the mining perimeters re-contoured to a gradient of 1 in 3 to ensure a gently sloping edge. The topsoil that had been set aside will be respread to encourage the natural regeneration of vegetation.

Figure 10: Proposed Site Layout

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 21 | Page 3.3.2 Sequence of quarrying and progressive rehabilitation Sequence of Quarrying

- The quarrying operations of a surface scrape will begin in Stage 1 - The topsoil will be removed & stored in conical to linear mounds around the perimeter of the excavation area, not more than 2m in height. This will include approx. 100mm of soil including vegetative debris and the seed source for progressive rehabilitation. Note: Native vegetation in the direct path of mining will be removed, thus payment into the Native Vegetation Fund will be required as per Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report (07/08/2020) Succession Ecology. - The sand will be extracted, to a depth not exceeding ~2 metres, using a loader and taken to the nearby screening plant. - Stockpiles will be created at the screening plant prior to material being loaded onto a truck for delivery. - Following the winning out of products in Stage 1 excavation will then proceed into Stage 2 and progressive rehabilitation will ensue in Stage 1. - At the end of Stage 2 excavations the operations will progress into Stage 3 and progressive rehabilitation will ensue in Stage 2. - Upon completion of Stage 3 the final rehabilitation will take place. This staged approach will ensure that no more than 3ha is disturbed/open at any one time.

Sequence of Rehabilitation

- The progressive rehabilitation will follow the sequence of mining (as detailed above). - The worked-out areas will be levelled and the perimeters recontoured to a gradient of 1 in 3. - The final contours will be a shallow depression below the surrounding topography with gently sloping perimeters blending with the adjacent land. - Topsoil will then be respread to encourage the natural regeneration of vegetation.

Figure 11: Sequence of Quarrying and Progressive Rehabilitation Map

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 22 | Page 3.3.3 Stockpiles 3.3.3.1 Topsoil and subsoil stockpiles The topsoil will be removed and stored in conical to linear mounds around the perimeter of the excavation area, not more than 2m in height for future use in progressive rehabilitation. There will be no overburden associated with the quarrying operations. The conceptual location of the topsoil locations area shown in Figure 11: Sequence of Quarrying and Progressive Rehabilitation Map

3.3.3.2 Product stockpiles The natural sand will be extracted and transported by excavator/front-end loader to the mobile dry- screening plant. Stockpiles of saleable product are kept duly located for each stage. Product is stored in conical stockpiles which vary from 2-4m in height and range from a few hundred to one thousand tonnes, dependent on orders.

3.3.4 Use of explosives Not applicable. No explosive or blasting is required.

3.3.5 Modes and hours of operation Operations will be worked on a campaign basis throughout the year, based on market demands, and active only during daylight hours, from 6.00 am to 6.00pm Monday to Saturday (excluding public holidays).

• Minimum hours the site is worked per year: 10 to 1,000 hours • Minimum time for each campaign: 1-8 hrs p/day • Maximum and minimum time between campaigns: Based on orders • Beginning and end of campaigns based on stockpile depletion and orders. • Initiating and ceasing campaigns based on stockpile depletion and orders. • Campaigns will be based on size of orders received • Days of mining operations during campaign: 1 to 5 • Tonnage produced for each campaign: 100 to 500 tonnes • Tonnage produced for each year on average 5,000 tonnes.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 23 | Page 3.4 Crushing, processing and product transport 3.4.1 Fixed plant There is no fixed plant

3.4.2 Hours of operation The proposed hours of mining operations during a campaign will be during daylight hours from 6.00 am to 6.00pm Monday to Saturday (excluding public holidays).

3.4.3 Processing wastes There is no processing of wastes for this operation

3.4.4 Industrial and domestic wastes There is little, if any domestic waste generated during mining operations and it will be removed from site at the end of each day. There is no evidence or potential for putrescible waste on site.

Scheduled servicing of equipment in line with manufacturers guidelines will occur offsite. Any industrial waste such as tyres will be appropriately disposed or recycled offsite.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 24 | Page 3.5 Supporting surface infrastructure 3.5.1 Access and Roads The site is accessed by existing tracks which were established by the previous mining operations. No new tracks will need to be constructed. Transport of material from the site will be via the internal station track that intersects the Stuart Hwy. Truck movements are based on sales, the estimated number of vehicle movement per day is 1-2 trucks per day. This may vary with contracts or orders received.

Figure 12: Access Route Map

3.5.2 Accommodation and offices There is no accommodation or offices to be used on site.

3.5.3 Public services and utilities used by the operation There are no public services or utilities supplied to the proposed site, such as power, water or telecommunications. There are no new connections required or any adverse effects due to the proposed mining operations.

3.5.4 Visual screening The area is remote and unpopulated and consists of large tracts of grazing land so there is no requirement for visual screening. There are no residences within close proximity with views into the quarry area.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 25 | Page 3.5.5 Fuel and chemical storage No fuels or chemicals stored on site. All machinery and equipment are serviced from the depot off site.

3.5.6 Site security The site is accessed from the Stuart Highway where an existing track intersects to the east of the highway. Entering through a closed gate, the track then meanders through another two closed gates before reaching the location of where sand extraction takes place. The site is remote from public access.

3.5.7 Erosion, Sediment and Silt Control The mineral claim encapsulates the Nantilla Creek targeting the sand substrate along the creek. It is understood that there has been no evidence of any waterflow in the creek for the past 10 plus years. One theory is that the creek was cut off when the Stuart Highway was upgraded. The landscape is a typically arid environment that has been degraded by grazing practices and mining operations.

The soils and substrate are highly permeable and, as such, drain feely. There are no sediment management structures or requirements to manage or dispose of silt.

The thin top layer stripped before sand extraction will contain vegetative debris and natural seed source, that when stored in low profile mounds will naturally revegetate given ideal weather conditions and form a vegetative cover to minimise erosion.

3.6 Vegetation clearance Native vegetation will be cleared.

The SEB will be provided with the following three payments corresponding to the stages of mining. Payments will be made prior to the start of the relevant stage of mining.

Stage 1 – 36.3% = $ 9042.20

Stage 2 – 28.0% = $ 6974.70

Stage 3 – 35.7% = $ 8892.74

Refer to Figure 11: Sequence of Quarrying and Progressive Rehabilitation Map for proposed native vegetation clearance.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 26 | Page 3.7 Description of Quarry Site at Completion Progressive rehabilitation will occur over the life of the quarry operations. Rehabilitation for this site will be simple and require basic techniques. Areas will be progressively returned to near original and surrounding landforms. The variation will be the final contour levels will have a reduction of between 1-2metres. The perimeters of the extraction areas will be contoured to a gradient of 1 in 3 to marry in with the surrounding landscape.

On completion of final rehabilitation, the mined land will be returned to grazing. There will be no change to pre-mine uses.

Any quarrying infrastructure (i.e. plant machinery and equipment) will be removed from the site at closure. There will be no waste disposal areas. There is no surface water infrastructure (i.e. ponds and diversions). The final landform map & cross section provides a conceptual description of the quarry site as it will be at completion after all rehabilitation and closure activities have been completed. The end of life for this particular site will be in approximately the year 2050.

Figure 13: Diagrammatic Quarry site completion cross section

Figure 14: Final Landform Map

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 27 | Page 3.8 Site Water Management There is no water used in production.

4 Description of Potential Benefits 4.1 Social Campaigns provide employment opportunities for locally contracted earthmoving and screening plant operators, along with quarry product haulage truck operators. Induction training is provided to employees. The sales of sand to local landscape and construction businesses/contractors provides materials for use in construction projects and supports the building industry.

4.2 Economic “Our resources sector is critical in maintaining our national prosperity employing more than 247,000 Australians and generating $279 billion in exports last financial year” Mining and resources continue to support economic growth, Canavan Media Release Sept 2019.

Sand is obtainable for use by the local community for infrastructure projects and the operation provides periodic employment opportunities for skilled locals. Benefits will be shared with the indigenous community as dialogue progresses with Barngarla. The royalty payments and other government taxes will reflect the tonnage unearthed.

4.3 Environmental At the completion of the mining program (surface sand scrape), final rehabilitation of the land will return it to its former agricultural use (grazing). The local rural landscape amenity will be restored, and it envisaged that there will be no need to collect new baseline environmental data.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 28 | Page 5. Consultation As part of the preparation of the Mining Proposal the following key stakeholders have been consulted with:

1 Pastoral Lease Holder – Kootaberra Pty Ltd 2 Native Title – Barngarla Determinations Aboriginal Corporation 3 Department for Environment and Water

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 29 | Page Refer Appendix 5 – Barngarla Correspondence for initial correspondence prior to the notice initiating negotiation with Native Title Parties (Form 27).

The status of consultation as of the 24th of November 2020 regarding Native Title is shown in the email below and notes the intention of serving a Form 27 (Notice Initiating Negotiation with Native Title Parties).

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 30 | Page An email was received on Sunday 13th December 2020 indicating engagement in early 2021.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 31 | Page (3) Department for Environment and Water

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 32 | Page 6. Management of Environmental Impacts The following environmental elements have been identified as relevant to this mining proposal

- Public Safety - Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal Heritage - Native Vegetation - Weeds and Pests - Surface Water - Waste - Post Mining Land Use

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 33 | Page Public Safety

6.1.1 – Public Safety 6.1.2 6.1.2.1 6.1.2.2 6.1.2.3 6.1.2.4 6.1.2.5 Potential Impact Event Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Injury to the public during Quarrying Operations Unauthorised access to Members of the public Whether adequate safety systems exist Yes, a source, pathway mining operations the site and receptor exist. No perceived impact No source No pathway No receptor NA No, a source, pathway and Mine completion receptor does not exist.

6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 Control Measure Description of Proposed environmental Measurement criteria uncertainty outcomes Injury to the public during -All contractors and employees will be inducted, Low degree of No public injuries and or All public injuries and/or deaths resulting mining operations including public safety component. uncertainly. deaths resulting from from unauthorised access to the mine site -Drivers/ machinery operators have current and Source information and unauthorised entry to the are recorded in mine log book and appropriate licenses. assumptions are clear site that could have been investigated by suitable qualified third -Gates located on internal tracks closed to control with little degree of reasonably prevented. party within one calendar month (or other public access. uncertainty. times as agreed with the relevant -Mining operations will be progressively rehabilitated The mining operations authority) and the results of the as per sequence of mining and rehabilitation. are set within a remote investigation show that the incident could -Maintain register (logbook) for recording all incidents location with limited not have been reasonably prevented by and details of subsequent investigations. public access to the Tenement Holder. Kootaberra Pastoral Station .

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 34 | Page Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal Heritage

7.1.1 – Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Heritage 7.1.2 7.1.2.1 7.1.2.2 7.1.2.3 7.1.2.4 7.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Disturbance of Aboriginal Discovery within the lease Disturbance (mining) Aboriginal/ Non- Whether significant heritage artefacts Yes, a source, pathway or non-Aboriginal heritage of Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal individuals/ exist. and receptor exist. sites, objects or remains Aboriginal heritage sites, group/ community (The site has been previously disturbed during mining operations objects or remains. with farming and historical mining (operation of the mine) operations)

No perceived impact No source No pathway No receptor NA No, a source, pathway and (mine completion) receptor does not exist.

7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 Control Measure Description of Proposed environmental Measurement criteria uncertainty outcomes Disturbance of Aboriginal -All contractors and employees will be inducted, Low degree of No disturbance to Production records and Mine Logbook will or non-Aboriginal heritage including Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Heritage uncertainty Aboriginal or European demonstrate that upon discovery within sites, objects or remains component. heritage sites, objects or the lease of any possible during mining operations -All contractors and employees operating within the remains unless prior -Aboriginal sites tenement will understand their obligations in regard approval under the -Objects to the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988 with regards to relevant legislation is -Remains the discovery of Aboriginal sites, objects or remains obtained. -European sites of significance; and the Heritage Places Act 1993 with regard to the discovery of places or objects of significance. That work ceased until the relevant authorities were notified and work recommenced only once authorisation was received.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 35 | Page Native Vegetation

8.1.1 – Native Vegetation 8.1.2 8.1.2.1 8.1.2.2 8.1.2.3 8.1.2.4 8.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Loss of native vegetation Mining activities Native vegetation Native vegetation and Ineffective rehabilitation Yes, a source, pathway (operation of the mine) clearance fauna and receptor exist. Loss of native vegetation No source No pathway No receptor NA No, a source, pathway and (mine completion) receptor does not exist.

8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 Control Measure Description of Proposed environmental Measurement criteria uncertainty outcomes Loss of native vegetation -Only native vegetation approved in accordance with Low degree of No loss of abundance or Annual inspection undertaken by a the relevant legislation/SEB will be cleared (Native uncertainty diversity of native suitably qualified person confirms that no Vegetation Act 1991) vegetation on or off the clearance has occurred outside of the -The tenement holder, staff and/or contractors are tenement through: approved SEB areas. made aware of approved areas for native vegetation •Clearance clearance. •Dust/contaminant -Mining operations will be progressively rehabilitated deposition as per sequence of mining and rehabilitation. •Fire -The thin top layer stripped before sand extraction •Other damage will contain vegetative debris and natural seed source Unless prior approval and stored for rehabilitation purposes. under the relevant legislation is obtained.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 36 | Page Weeds and Pests

9.1.1 – Weeds 9.1.2 9.1.2.1 9.1.2.2 9.1.2.3 9.1.2.4 9.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Potential for movement & Existence of Xanthium Movement of Xanthium The lease site / There have been no flow events in the Yes, a source, pathway increased prevalence of spinosum (Bathurst Burr) spinosum (Bathurst Burr) surrounding landscape past 10 year so the potential for the and receptor exists. An Xanthium spinosum through the creek system movement of this weed through the outcome is required (Bathurst Burr) on the site. in the event of a flow creek system in the event of a flow (operations of the mine) event. event is minimal. No perceived impact No source No pathway No receptor NA No, a source, pathway and Mine completion receptor does not exist.

9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 Control Measure Description of Proposed environmental Measurement criteria uncertainty outcomes Potential for movement & -Operations are conducted in a manner which Low degree of No introduction of new Annual inspection of weeds to increased prevalence of minimises the spread of weeds, pests and plant uncertainty. species of weeds, or pests demonstrate that levels of weeds within Xanthium spinosum pathogens Source information (including feral animals), the mine site are equivalent or below (Bathurst Burr) on the site -Operator consults with landowner on weed control and assumptions are nor increase in abundance those of surrounding land. measures for the site. clear with little of existing weed or pest -Control methods align with the Weed control degree of species in the lease. Annual spraying program will occur if handbook for declared plants in South Australia (i.e., uncertainty. weed levels exceed that of surrounding

selective herbicides or spot spraying with non- farmland. selective herbicides) -Allow only clean machinery to enter the site. -Enforcement of good housekeeping standards to eliminate unnecessary disturbance. .

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 37 | Page Surface Water

10.1.1 – Surface Water 10.1.2 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.2 10.1.2.3 10.1.2.4 10.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Possibility of interfering Quarrying operations Disturbance of ground Surface water If the proposed mining interferes and Yes, a source, pathway with surface drainage (excavation & to what extent with surface and receptor exist. patterns during mining rehabilitation) water/WDEs. operations. (Operation of the mine) No perceived impact No source No pathway No receptor NA No, a source, pathway and (Mine completion) receptor does not exist.

10.2.1 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.4 Control Measure Description of Proposed environmental Measurement criteria uncertainty outcomes Possibility of interfering -Shallow excavations over limited extraction areas Medium degree of No adverse impact to Photographic records in the Mine with surface drainage allow natural drainage of surface waters to seep. uncertainty. surface water quality Logbook, following rainfall events resulting patterns during mining -Strategically low-lying depressions will also allow and water dependent in surface water flow will demonstrate operations. containment and absorption of any excess surface ecosystems on or off that the mining operations and water. the land as a result of progressive rehabilitation has not contamination and adversely altered the existing landform sedimentation caused by and thus the natural flow patterns. mining operations.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 38 | Page Visual Amenity

11.1.1 – Visual Amenity 11.1.2 11.1.2.1 11.1.2.2 11.1.2.3 11.1.2.4 11.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Visual impact on the Quarrying operations Excavation No environmental The cottage and old homestead are No, environmental landscape during mining receptors over 10 kms from the mine site. There receptor exists. operations. are no visual amenity impacts. (Operation of the mine) Note: The extended Nantilla Creek area has been mined for an extensive period by various companies thus the region is cognizant of mining activities. No perceived visual impact No source No Pathway No receptors NA No, a source, pathway and at mine closure receptor does not exist.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 39 | Page Waste

12.1.1 – Waste 12.1.2 12.1.2.1 12.1.2.2 12.1.2.3 12.1.2.4 11.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Soil contamination caused Fuel spill Operational activities - Landform (i.e., soil) Refuelling is a common practice Yes, a source, pathway by a refuelling spill. Refuelling associated with quarrying activities. and receptor exists. (Operation of the mine) No perceived waste No source No Pathway No receptors NA No, a source, pathway and impact events at mine receptor does not exist. closure

12.2.1 12.2.2 12.2.3 12.2.4 Control Measure Description of Proposed environmental Measurement criteria uncertainty outcomes Soil contamination caused -Implement good handling procedures Low level of uncertainty All waste is disposed of in Site records (Logbook) confirm that the by a refuelling spill. -Enact spill management protocols as the fuel is accordance with relevant spills have been managed in accordance -Any spill of fuel shall be cleaned up immediately appropriately handled legislation. with the relevant legislative requirements. -Dispose of contaminated and/or absorbent material and any impacted surface soils in accordance with relevant legislation (i.e., EPA)

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 40 | Page Soil

13.1.1 – Soil 13.1.2 13.1.2.1 13.1.2.2 13.1.2.3 13.1.2.4 13.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Insufficient soil of No source Mining operations No impact The top 100mm of soil, including No, a source and receptor appropriate quality for vegetation debris will be stored on the do not exist exists. progressive rehabilitation. perimeter of the lease and used in (Operation of the mine) progressive rehabilitation. This soil contains the seed source for natural regeneration. No perceived soil impact No source No Pathway No receptors NA No, a source, pathway and events at mine closure receptor does not exist.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 41 | Page Post Mining Land Use

14.1.1 – Post Mining Land Use 14.1.2 14.1.2.1 14.1.2.2 14.1.2.3 14.1.2.4 14.1.2.5 Potential Impact Events Source Pathway Environment receptor Description of uncertainty Confirmation of potential impact Final rehabilitation does Impeded rehabilitation Preceding quarrying Land Whether final rehabilitation in ~2050 Yes, a source, pathway not ensue in accordance operations (Landowners/Pastoral will meet obligations. and receptor exist. with mining plan at mine Lease Holders) closure

14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3 14.2.4 Control Measure Description of Proposed environmental Measurement criteria uncertainty outcomes Final rehabilitation does -Mining operations will be progressively rehabilitated Low degree of All land disturbed by Following final rehabilitation work an not ensue in accordance as per Mining Plan. uncertainty. mining operations is appropriate person will inspect the site with mining plan at mine -In agreement with the Kootaberra Station preserve Source information and rehabilitated to achieve and verify in a report (to be stored in the closure. key internal tracks for future vehicle access. assumptions are clear the post mining land Mine Logbook) that final rehabilitation has -No infrastructure or waste left on site. with little degree of use. been undertaken in accordance with the -The land will be returned to grazing post mining uncertainty. Mining Plan to achieve the approved post operations. mining land use. Successful closure/final rehabilitation to the satisfaction of the Chief Inspector of Mines has previously been attained for other sites operated by this lease holder.

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 42 | Page Reference/Resource - Mining and resources continue to support economic growth, Canavan Media Release Sept 2019. - SARIG https://map.sarig.sa.gov.au/ - Nature Maps https://data.environment.sa.gov.au/NatureMaps/Pages/default.aspx

Appendix

Appendix 1 – Registration of Mineral Claim

Appendix 2 – Register of Aboriginal Sites and Objects Letter

Appendix 3 – Site Photos

Appendix 4 – Land Title

Appendix 5 – Barngarla Correspondence

Appendix 6 - Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 43 | Page Appendix 1 – Registration of Mineral Claim

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 44 | Page Appendix 2 - Register of Aboriginal Sites and Objects Letter

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 45 | Page Appendix 3 – Site Photos

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 46 | Page Point 1: Photo 379

Point 2: Photo 382

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 47 | Page Point 3: Photo 383

Point 4: Photo 384

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 48 | Page Point 5: Photo 381

Point 6: Photo 380

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 49 | Page Appendix 4 – Land Title

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 50 | Page

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 51 | Page Appendix 5 – Barngarla Correspondence

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 52 | Page Appendix 6 – Native Vegetation Clearance Data Report

Mining Lease Proposal Nantilla MC4489 March 2021 53 | Page

Native Vegetation Clearance

Mineral Claim 4489 – Clay and Mineral Sales

Data Report

Clearance under the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017 07/08/2020 Prepared by Briony Horner

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents ...... 2 1. Application information ...... 3 2. Purpose of clearance ...... 5 2.1 Description ...... 5 2.2 Background ...... 5 2.3 General location map...... 5 2.4 Details of the proposal ...... 6 2.5 Approvals required or obtained ...... 6 2.6 Native Vegetation Regulation ...... 6 2.7 Development Application information (if applicable) ...... 6 3. Method...... 7 3.1 Flora Assessment ...... 7 3.2 Fauna Assessment ...... 7 4. Assessment Outcomes ...... 8 4.1 Vegetation Assessment ...... 8 4.2 Threatened Species assessment ...... 22 5. Clearance summary...... 35 6. Significant Environmental Benefit...... 36 7. Appendices ...... 37

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1. Application information

Application Details Applicant: Clay and Mineral Sales Key contact: Richard Fricker Landowner: Mineral Claim on a Crown Lease – Volume 6180 Folio 595, Lease #PE002257. Lessee: Kootaberra Pty. Ltd (L6/211 Victoria Sq., Adelaide, SA 5000 Site Address: Crown Lease – Volume 6180 Folio 595, Allotment 4, deposited plan 47635 in the area named Mount Arden out of the hundreds (Port Augusta) and hundreds of Castine and Copley Local Government Port Augusta Regional Council Hundred: Area: Title ID: CL1282/43 Parcel ID D47635 Q4

Summary of proposed clearance Purpose of clearance Clearance required for moving to the operational phase on a sand mining lease.

Native Vegetation Regulation Regulation 12, Schedule 1, Part 5 Mining and Petroleum, Division 1 Mining Operations, clause 28, Operations

Description of the vegetation This site contains three sub-habitats along a creek bed. All of these are heavily under application grazed; grass tussocks almost down to ground level, palatable plants only surviving when protected by larger shrubs and low trees trimmed at sheep and kangaroo reach height. There are two water capture points very close to the site (one very recently dried out, the other still containing water) attracting sheep and kangaroos. The sub-habitats include 1.62 ha of saltbush and large shrubs in the ecotone between creek bed and saltbush shrubland 0.45ha of saltbush shrubland with scattered low trees along a creek bed edge 4.05ha of ephemeral low tussock grassland with scattered shrubs in a creek bed

Total proposed clearance - 6.15ha of rangeland assessment area (ha) and number of trees Level of clearance Level 2 with escalating matters that may raise it to a Level 3 Overlay (Planning and Design NA Code)

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Map of proposed clearance area

Figure 1: Property Boundary for Crown Lease 1282/43.

Figure 2: Map of the proposed clearance area.

Mitigation hierarchy In order to avoid and then minimize impacts on native vegetation: • Existing tracks will be used. • Clearance will only be conducted as required rather than over the whole site. • The site will be restored following mining operations. SEB Offset proposal $24,909.64 (Payment to NVC fund and Administration Fee)

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2. Purpose of clearance

2.1 Description Clay & Mineral Sales are moving to the operational phase on a sand mining lease. The proposed clearance area is a 6.15ha expanse consisting of multiple three sub-habitats along a creek bed. The mining operations are targeting the sand substrate along the creek bed. The vegetation associations: saltbush shrubland with scattered low trees, ephemeral low tussock grassland with scattered shrubs and an ecotone from creek bed to saltbush shrubland containing saltbush and large shrubs. There are two water capture points very close to the site (one very recently dried out, the other still containing water) attracting sheep and kangaroos.

2.2 Background The proposed clearance area is on a pastoral property under a Crown lease. The land has been used for grazing and still carries stock. A mining lease immediately to the east has already been mined and a lease further east is also being considered for operation.

2.3 General location map The site occurs within the Port Augusta Regional Council, roughly 32km north of the Port Augusta Township (Figure 3). Four vegetation associations were identified for rangeland assessments and are mapped in Figure 4.

Figure 3: General location map showing the location of the site relative to the surrounding area and townships. Site is outlined in red

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Figure 4: Site map showing the extent of clearance (white border) and the four vegetation associations.

2.4 Details of the proposal The clearance area follows the creek bed with the mining targeting the sand substrate (Figure 4). There is already a roadway traveling past the site allowing for easy access. The clearance scope and neighboring area (previously mined) also allows areas for a hardstand/staging area for machinery.

2.5 Approvals required or obtained This report will be used as part of a Program for Environment Protection and Rehabilitation (PEPR) under the Mining Act 1971.

2.6 Native Vegetation Regulation This proposed clearance will be assessed under Regulation 12, Schedule 1, Part 5 Mining and Petroleum, Division 1 Mining Operations, clause 28, Operations

2.7 Development Application information (if applicable) N/A

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3. Method 3.1 Flora Assessment

3.1.1 Desktop Assessment A Desktop Assessment was used to determine the range of flora species that are likely to occur in the area (50km buffer) and determine whether any threatened flora or threatened ecological communities may be present. Search tools included: • A Protected Matters Search to identify matters of national significance under the EPBC Act 1999, including threatened species and ecological communities • A Biological Database of South Australia (BDBSA) search using NatureMaps to determine flora species recorded within a 50km radius of the site and species listen under the NP&W ACT 1972. • Vegetation Association Mapping was used to identify the vegetation associations to be surveyed.

3.1.2 Field Survey A vegetation survey was conducted using the rangelands methodology. The survey was conducted as a rambling survey through each of the vegetation surveys identified in the desktop assessment.

3.2 Fauna Assessment

A formal fauna assessment was not required for this site under a Level 2 Assessment; however, a desktop assessment and opportunistic observation-based survey was conducted to assist in understanding the value of the vegetation as habitat.

3.2.1 Desktop Assessment A Desktop Assessment was used to determine the range of fauna species that are likely to occur in the area (50km buffer) and determine whether any threatened fauna may be present. Search tools included: • A Protected Matters Search to identify matters of national significance under the EPBC Act 1999, including threatened species and ecological communities • A BDBSA search using NatureMaps to determine fauna species recorded within a 50km radius of the site and species listen under the NP&W ACT 1972.

3.2.2 Field Survey An opportunistic observation of fauna species using tracks, trails, traces and calls were also made where possible.

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4. Assessment Outcomes 4.1 Vegetation Assessment 4.1.1 General description of the vegetation, the site and matters of significance The site is an ephemeral sandy creek bed on a pastoral property in the South Australian arid zone. The topography in the clearance area is consistent, following the creek line, with soil surface altering between sand, loam and clay. There are two water capture points, one within the site (recently dried) and one close to the site (still containing water). These attract sheep and kangaroos, leaving the site heavily disturbed through overgrazing and soil disturbance. Vegetation associations cover creek bed, edge and bank, with an ecotone from low-tussock grasslands to chenopod shrublands, with an intermittent overstorey of scattered low tree and shrub species becoming more dominant with elevation. The site is bordered by a higher elevation, open woodland that was not assessed for clearance. The percentage of remnant vegetation in the area is 100%.

The site is in the Gawler Lakes IBRA subregion where 26.89% of the subregion is protected. The closest conservation park is the Dutchmans Stern Conservation Park, Quorn, ~40km south-west of the site. There is also a heritage agreement area of ~225ha 40km west.

4.1.2 Details of the vegetation associates proposed to be impacted Vegetation SP1: Low tussock grassland with scattered chenopod shrubs in an ephemeral creek bed. Association

Figure 5: Vegetation Association SP1 within Site 1 of the Clay and Mineral Sands Lease proposed clearance area.

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Figure 6: Vegetation Association SP1 facing NNE

Figure 7: Low-tussock grass (Cymbopogon)

Figure 8: Disturbance caused by motorbikes

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Figure 9: Animal tracks in sandy creek bed

Figure 10: Impacts of high animal density is evident in tracks (left), overgrazing of Eremophila longifolia (center) and grazing of Dodonaea viscosa angustissima at kangaroo height (right).

General The dominant overstorey species are Dodonaea viscosa angustissima, and Acacia aneura and description dominant understorey species are Cymbopogon ambiguus and Maireana pyramidata. Significant animal impacts are evident in over-grazing, tracks, and scats, leaving the vegetation association in poor condition. The soil type changes from sand mid-creek to sandy-clay-loam on the edges with significant crust disturbance on the clay-loam edges. A recently dry, water capture point is present at the eastern end of the clearance area with a thick herb layer growing and the soil still holding a lot of moisture. Lots of ants & other invertebrates were observed, along with a White Browed Babbler (Pomatostomus superciliosus) Threatened Threatened Ecological Communities species or The site fits broadly within the description of Acacia aneura low woodland on sand plains is a community vulnerable, threatened ecosystem of South Australia under the NP&W Act 1972 (DEH in progress)

Threatened Fauna A 50km protected matters search returned four fauna species (excluding wetland, marine or migratory birds) known to or with habitat known to occur in the area. All four species have been classed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act 1999. Of these four species, only the Yellow- footed Rock-Wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus) has been seen in the last 10 years (2018). The Grey Falcon (Falco hypoleucos) and Western Grasswren (Amytornis textilis myall) were last

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reported 2006, while the Short-tailed Grasswren (Amytornis merrotsyi merrotsyi) was last recorded in 2001.

A number of fauna species listed as threatened in South Australia were identified in a 50km radius NatureMaps search. These include 13 rare species and 12 vulnerable species (excluding wetland, marine or migratory species). Details of threatened species, ratings and latest records can be found in Table 1.

Threatened Flora A 50km radius protected matters search identified five threatened flora species known to occur or with habitat known to occur in the region, including Caladenia gladiolata (Bayonet Spider- orchid; Endangered), Caladenia tensa (Greencomb spider-orchid; Endangered), Codonocarpus pyramidalis (Slender Bell-fruit; Vulnerable), Olearia pannosa subsp. pannosa (Silver Daisy-bush; Vulnerable) and Prasophyllum pallidum (Pale Leek-orchid; Vulnerable). Only Silver Daisy has been recorded within 50km of the site, although this record was a long way from the site in Mount Brown Conservation Park.

A 50km radius NatureMaps search identified 34 additional flora species listed as threatened in South Australia that have been recorded in this area within the last 25 years. This includes one endangered, seven vulnerable and 26 rare species. Details of threatened species, ratings and latest records can be found in Table 3.

Landscape 1.11 Vegetation 32.34 Conservation 1.50 context score Condition Score significance score Unit biodiversity 53.85 Area (ha) 3.1 Total biodiversity 166.93 Score Score

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Vegetation SP2: Tall Shrubland with chenopod understorey Association

Figure 11: Vegetation Association SP2 within Site 1 of the Clay and Mineral Sands Lease proposed clearance area.

Figure 12: SP2 facing a) south-east and b) north-west

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Figure 13: Upperstorey species a) Alectryon oleifolius, b)

Figure 14: Birds nest in Acacia victoria

General The dominant overstorey species includes Alectryon oleifolius and Acacia victoriae, with an description understorey of Maireana pyramidata. Similar to site 1, intensive animal activity (grazing and soil disturbance) and the presence of declared weed species (Xanthium spinosum, Bathurst Burr) leave this system in poor condition. Despite this, observations were made of the White winged fairy-wren using small shrubs. Threatened Threatened Ecological Communities species or The site fits broadly within the description of Alectryon oleifolius tall shrublands on alluvial soil community plains is a vulnerable, threatened ecosystem of South Australia under the NP&W Act 1972 (DEH in progress)

A number of fauna species listed as threatened in South Australia were identified in a 50km radius NatureMaps search. These include 13 rare species and 12 vulnerable species (excluding

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wetland, marine or migratory species). Details of threatened species, ratings and latest records can be found in Table 1. Threatened Flora A 50km radius protected matters search identified five threatened flora species known to occur or with habitat known to occur in the region, including Caladenia gladiolata (Bayonet Spider- orchid; Endangered), Caladenia tensa (Greencomb spider-orchid; Endangered), Codonocarpus pyramidalis (Slender Bell-fruit; Vulnerable), Olearia pannosa subsp. pannosa (Silver Daisy-bush; Vulnerable) and Prasophyllum pallidum (Pale Leek-orchid; Vulnerable). Only Silver Daisy has been recorded within 50km of the site, although this record was a long way from the site in Mount Brown Conservation Park.

Landscape 1.11 Vegetation 33.04 Conservation 1.50 context score Condition Score significance score Unit biodiversity 55.10 Area (ha) 0.95 Total biodiversity 52.26 Score Score

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Vegetation SP3: Creek bed edge with some erosion. Tall shrubland with shrub understorey Association

Figure 15: Vegetation Association SP3 within Site 1 of the Clay and Mineral Sands Lease proposed clearance area

Figure 16: SP3 facing north-west

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Figure 17: Soil crust

General The site runs along the creek bed edge, with the cliff edge showing some erosion. Some of the description soil had a biological crust, but the majority of surface was degraded. The cliff edge was dominated by Acacia papyrocarpa and Myoporum platycarpum in the upperstorey and Maireana sedifolia in the understorey, transitioning to Maireana pyramidata in the creek bed. A Central Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) and invertebrates were observed within this site. Threatened Threatened Ecological Communities species or NA community Threatened Fauna A 50km protected matters search returned four fauna species (excluding wetland, marine or migratory birds) known to or with habitat known to occur in the area. All four species have been classed as Vulnerable under the EPBC Act 1999. Of these four species, only the Yellow- footed Rock-Wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus) has been seen in the last 10 years (2018). The Grey Falcon (Falco hypoleucos) and Western Grasswren (Amytornis textilis myall) were last reported 2006, while the Short-tailed Grasswren (Amytornis merrotsyi merrotsyi) was last recorded in 2001.

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Landscape 1.11 Vegetation 29.69 Conservation 1.50 context score Condition Score significance score Unit biodiversity 42.84 Area (ha) 0.45 Total biodiversity 19.28 Score Score

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Vegetation SP4: Tall Shrubland with chenopod understorey Association

Figure 18: Vegetation Association SP4 within Site 1 of the Clay and Mineral Sands Lease proposed clearance area.

Figure 19: SP4 facing south-west

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Figure 20: Stand of Alectryon oleifolius

Figure 21: Grazed Lycium australe and Eremophila longifolia.

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Figure 22: Additional photos of SP4 A) Maireana pyramidata in the foreground, with Lycium australe behind, and Acacia aneura in the back B) overgrazed and pore condition Maireana pyramidata C) Habitat created by fallen timber D) Maireana species are much more densely associated in SP4 than other sites.

General The ecotone of creek to chenopod shrubland has an upperstorey dominated by Alectryon description oleifolius and Acacia aneura with a midstorey dominated by Maireana pyramidata and Lycium australe. The site is in poor to moderate condition with animal activity causing significant degradation. Threatened Threatened Ecological Communities species or The site fits broadly within the description of Alectryon oleifolius tall shrublands on alluvial soil community plains is a vulnerable, threatened ecosystem of South Australia under the NP&W Act 1972 (DEH in progress)

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A 50km radius protected matters search identified five threatened flora species known to occur or with habitat known to occur in the region, including Caladenia gladiolata (Bayonet Spider- orchid; Endangered), Caladenia tensa (Greencomb spider-orchid; Endangered), Codonocarpus pyramidalis (Slender Bell-fruit; Vulnerable), Olearia pannosa subsp. pannosa (Silver Daisy-bush; Vulnerable) and Prasophyllum pallidum (Pale Leek-orchid; Vulnerable). Only Silver Daisy has been recorded within 50km of the site, although this record was a long way from the site in Mount Brown Conservation Park.

Landscape 1.11 Vegetation 33.84 Conservation 1.50 context score Condition Score significance score Unit biodiversity 56.35 Area (ha) 1.62 Total biodiversity 91.28 Score Score

4.1.3 Site map showing areas of proposed impact and photo log Included in report above

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4.2 Threatened Species assessment Due to the 50km radius of the search range many of the species identified in the desktop assessment were only suited to coastal habitats or the Flinders and Mount Loft Ranges.

4.2.1 Threatened Ecological Communities Two of the vegetation associations S1, S2 and S4 fit within the description of the Provisional List of Threatened Ecosystems of SA under the NP&W Act 1972 (DEH in progress). These are both listed as vulnerable ecosystems: 1) Acacia aneura low woodlands. This ecosystem is threatened by extensive fires, followed by decreased regeneration due to grazing by introduced herbivores such as rabbits. 2) Alectryon oleifolius tall shrublands on alluvial soils of plains. This community suffers from a lack of overstorey regeneration and a severely degraded understorey due to high grazing pressure.

4.2.2 Threatened Fauna Several fauna species identified in a protected matters search are known to occur, or have habitat occurring, within a 50km radius of the study area. Marine and wetland species were excluded from these findings as they were not applicable to this terrestrial site. A further NatureMaps search identified State listed threatened species that have been observed in the area within the last 25 years. The results of these searches are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: A summary of the fauna species observed on site or recorded within 50km of the application area since 1995.

Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of last Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source record preferences habitat -Comments

AVES

Acanthiza iredalei iredalei R - 3 2019 Chenopod shrublands Possible – Not optimal (Slender-billed Thornbill (W)) dominated by Samphire, habitat for this species. Bluebush or Saltbush, Records occur at the with a preference for extreme western and areas near mangroves, southwestern edge of salt lakes and flats1 the 50km search.

Amytornis merrotsyi merrotsyi V VU 3&5 2001 Rocky hillsides and Unlikely – Not suitable (Flinders Ranges Short-tailed hilltops, steep-sided habitat. Records within Grasswren) gullies, stony rises and 50km are in the flinders ridge crests. Requires ranges. spinifex tussock grassland with scattered low shrubs2

Amytornis textilis myall (Western V VU 3&5 2006 Live in the dense bush of Likely – Suitable Grasswren) chenopod shrublands in habitat, although low lying areas such as somewhat degraded in watercourses and terms of thick drainage lines3 chenopod cover. All records are to the southwest of the site.

Ardeotis australis (Australian V - 3 2019 dry plains, grasslands and Possible – The limited Bustard) in open woodland, extent and degraded state of the tussock

1 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Acanthiza iredalei iredalei, Slender-billed Thornbill 2 DEW 2014, Threatened species fact sheet – Amytornis merrotsyi merrotsyi, Flinders Ranges Short-tailed Grasswren 3 DEW 2011, Threatened species fact sheet – Amytornis textilis myall, Western Grasswren

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of last Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source record preferences habitat -Comments

favoring tussock and grass would limit the hummock grasslands.4 effectiveness of the habitat for this species. All records of the species are well to the south of this site.

Dromaius novaehollandiae (Emu) SSP SSP 3&5 2019 Sclerophyll forest and Highly Likely – They savanna woodlands, were seen on the drive occurring across most of into the site. Australia5

Falco hypoleucos (Grey Falcon) R - 3 2006 Arid-zone open Likely –Suitable habitat. woodlands and open Two records at the Acacia shrublands. southern end of the Especially stony and search range are sandy plains, hummock recorded. and tussock grasslands, low shrublands and wooden watercourses. 6

Falco peregrinus (Peregrine R - 3 2016 Use a broad range of Likely - Suitable habitat. Falcon) habitats from rainforest Records in the to arid. Need abundant southwest portion of prey and secure nest the search range are in sites7 the Flinders Ranges where prey resources may be more available. Falco subniger (Black Falcon) R - 3 2006 Nomadic, preferring Possible. –Habitat is not sparse woodlands, optimal for this species. scrubby grasslands and There is one record for farmlands8 this species to the south at Port Augusta.

Falcunculus frontatus frontatus R - 3 1997 Eucalypt woodlands and Unlikely – Not suitable (Eastern Shriketit) forests 9 habitat for this species. The only record in this search occurs in Mt Brown Conservation Park well to the South east of the site.

Hieraaetus morphnoides (Little V - 3 1999 Open eucalypt forest, Unlikely – Not suitable Eagle) woodland or open habitat for this species. woodlands. Also known The only records in this to use sheoak or Acacia search occur in the woodlands and riparian Flinders Ranges to the woodlands. Nests in tall South east of the site. living trees10

4 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Ardeotis australis, Australian Bustard. 5 Birdlife Australia, Species factsheet – Dromaius novaehollandiae, Emu 6 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Falco hypoleucos 7 DEH 2009-15. Threatened species profile – Fact Sheets 8 Birds SA Falco subniger Bird Profile 9 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Falcunculus frontatus frontatus, Eastern Shriketit 10 DEH NSW 2019. Threatened Species Profile – Hieraaetus morphnoides, Little Eagle

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of last Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source record preferences habitat -Comments

Hylacola pyrrhopygia (Chestnut- SSP SSP 3&5 1997 Heath and undergrowth Unlikely – Not suitable rumped Heathwren) in Eucalypt forests and habitat for this species. woodlands, most The only record in this commonly in rocky search occurs in Mt areas.11 Brown Conservation Park well to the South east of the site.

Lophochroa leadbeateri mollis R - 3 2013 Wide range of inland Possible – The site has a (Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo, NW, habitats in close number of suitable EP) proximity to water, feeds features to provide on melons and seeds of habitat for this species, saltbush, wattles and with the exception of cypress pines. Requires hollows and proximity hollows for nesting12 to water being unpredictable.

Manorina flavigula (Yellow- SSP SSP 3&5 2018 A range of woodland Highly Likely –Suitable throated Miner) habitats13 habitat for this species. Many records are located close to the site.

Microeca fascinans (Jacky SSP - 3 2019 Open woodland with an Possible – Not suitable Winter) open shrub layer and lots habitat. The records of bare ground14 within the 50km radius occur in mountain ranges to the south east and west. Neophema chrysostoma (Blue- V - 3 2006 Wide range of habitats Possible – The site may winged Parrot) from coastal, sub-coastal, have some suitable inland and semi-arid. aspects of habitat. The Favors grasslands and species has been seen grassy woodlands15 within ~20km of the site.

Neophema elegans (Elegant R - 3 2017 Wide range of open Likely – Suitable Parrot) habitats, including habitat. Most records grasslands, shrublands, are some distance from mallee, woodlands and the site. thickets, bluebush plains, heathlands, saltmarsh and farmland 16 Neophema splendida (Scarlet- R - 3 1996 Arid, usually waterless Likely – The habitat chested Parrot) habitats preferring would appear suitable, Mallee and Mulga but the only record is at habitats.17 the extreme south west of the search range.

11 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Hylacola pyrrhopygia, Chestnut-rumped Heathwren 12 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Lophochroa leadbeateri mollis, Major Mitchell’s Cockatoo 13 Birdlife Australia 2019 – Manorina flavigula, Yellow Throated Miner 14 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Microeca fascinans, Jacky Winter 15 Birdlife Australia 2019, bird profile - Neophema chrysostoma, Blue Winged Parrot 16 Birdlife Australia 2019, bird profile - Neophema elegans, Elegant Parrot 17 Birdlife Australia 2019, bird profile - Neophema splendida, Scarlet Chested Parrot

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of last Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source record preferences habitat -Comments

Northiella haematogaster (NC) SSP - 3 2016 Arid and semi-arid plains Highly Likely – Suitable (Bluebonnet – Eastern and with low shrubs such as habitat, and records are Naretha) saltbush and bluebush close to the site. plains, with some scattered trees or open woodlands like Myall, Mulga and native pine.18

Pachycephala inornata (Gilbert’s R - 3 2019 Occurs in a range of Possible – The site has Whistler) habitats, all with a dense some of the features shrub layer. These required for this include woodlands and species. Records mallee shrublands, are however are limited to also found in association the Flinders ranges and with understorey species ranges to the west. of Triodia, Acacia, Hakea, Senna and Dodonaea.19

Pterotic boodang boodang R - 3 2015 Eucalypt forests and Unlikely – Not suitable (Scarlet Robin) woodlands20 habitat for this species as it requires woodland structures. Records show that it occurs in the Flinders Ranges.

Phaps histrionica (Flock R - 3 2013 Grassy plains, saltbush Possible – The limited Bronzewing) and spinifex and open extent and degraded Mulga. Its preference is state of the tussock for tussock grassland.21 grass would limit the effectiveness of the habitat for this species. Only one record of the species occurs to the east of this site. Stagonopleura guttata (Diamond V - 3 2016 Occurs in a wide range of Unlikely – Not suitable Firetail) Eucalypt dominated habitat. Records for habitat with a grassy this species occur in the understorey. 22 Flinders Ranges.

Strepera versicolor (Grey SSP - 3 2011 Occurs in a wide range of Possible – Some Currawong) habitats from coastal to suitable habitat semi-arid, including features. Records for forests, woodlands, this species occur in the mallee, coastal and Flinders Ranges. heath.23

Turnix varius varius (Painted R - 3 1996 Various Eucalypt habitats, Unlikely – Not suitable Buttonquail) with a preference for habitat. Records for areas with leaf litter.24 this species occur in the Flinders Ranges.

18 Birds in backyards 2019 – Northiella haematogaster, Bluebonnet 19 DEW NSW 2019, Threatened species profile – Pachycephala inornata, Gilbert’s Whistler 20 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Pterotic boodang boodang, Scarlet Robin 21 DEW NSW 2019, Threatened species profile – Phaps histrionica, Flock Bronzewing 22 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Stagonopleura guttata, Diamond Firetail 23 Birds in backyards 2019 – Strepera versicolor, Grey Currawong 24 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Turnix varius varius, Painted Buttonquail

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of last Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source record preferences habitat -Comments

MAMMALIA

Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus V VU 5 2018 Rocky outcrops, cliffs, and Unlikely – Not suitable (Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby) ridges in arid and semi- habitat. Records for arid zone25 this species occur in the Flinders Ranges.

Tachyglossus aculeatus (Short- SSP SSP 3&5 2007 Occurs in a wide range of Unlikely – This habitat beaked echidna) habitats from temperate is not suitable. Records to arid. Habitat for this species occur in preferences tend towards the Flinders Ranges. areas with leaf litter.26

REPTILIA

Nephrurus deleani (Pernatty R - 3 2011 Very patchy distribution, Unlikely – Not suitable Knob-tailed Gecko) found in dunes and on habitat due to the lack sandy plains with tall of sand dune shrublands with a low structures. The only shrub understorey.27 record found in the 50km radius is at the furthest extent to the north.

Varanus varius (Lace Monitor) R - 3 2019 Occurs in a wide range of Unlikely – Not suitable habitats from temperate habitat due to the lack to semi-arid. Habitat of sand dune preferences tend towards structures. The records areas with sand soils for found in the 50km burrowing.28 radius occur in the flinders ranges.

Source; 1- BDBSA, 2 - AoLA, 3 – NatureMaps 4 – Observed/3recorded in the field, 5 - Protected matters search tool, 6 – others NP&W Act; E= Endangered, V = Vulnerable, R= Rare EPBC Act; Ex = Extinct, CR = Critically endangered, EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable

25 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus, Yellow-footed Rock Wallaby 26 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Tachyglossus aculeatus, Short-beaked echidna 27 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Nephrurus deleani, Pernatty Knob-tailed Gecko 28 DEW 2019, Threatened species fact sheet – Tachyglossus aculeatus, Short-beaked echidna

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Table 2: Criteria for the likelihood of occurrence of species within the Study area.

Likelihood Criteria Highly Recorded in the last 10 years, the species does not have highly specific niche requirements, the habitat is Likely/Known present and falls within the known range of the species distribution or; The species was recorded as part of field surveys.

Likely Recorded within the previous 20 years, the area falls within the known distribution of the species and the area provides habitat or feeding resources for the species. Possible Recorded within the previous 20 years, the area falls inside the known distribution of the species, but the area provides limited habitat or feeding resources for the species. Recorded within 20 -40 years, survey effort is considered adequate, habitat and feeding resources present, and species of similar habitat needs have been recorded in the area.

Unlikely Recorded within the previous 20 years, but the area provides no habitat or feeding resources for the species, including perching, roosting or nesting opportunities, corridor for movement or shelter. Recorded within 20 -40 years; however, suitable habitat does not occur, and species of similar habitat requirements have not been recorded in the area. No records despite adequate survey effort.

4.2.3 Threatened Flora A 50km radius protected matters search identified five flora species as known to occur or with habitat known to occur in the area (excluding plants that rely on permanent water). These species are listed in table 3, with the source of data and likelihood of habitat use for these species. None of these species were recorded during the survey. Table 3 also presents the additional 34 flora species (excluding plants that rely on permanent water) identified in a NatureMaps search as threatened within SA (NP&W Act 1972). These species have been observed within 50km of the site in the last 25 years. None of these species were recorded during the survey. Some of the grass species such as Austrostipa were overgrazed and without seed so were not possible to identify to species level. There is a possibility of these being rare species. Table 3: A summary of the flora species observed on site or recorded within 50km of the application area since 1995.

Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source last preferences habitat – comments record Acacia pendula (Weeping Myall) V - 3 2019 Not naturally present Unlikely – Is used in in the area29 amenity plantings so can be found in roadside plantings Acacia quornensis (Quorn Wattle) R - 3 2015 Restricted to two Unlikely – not suitable locations in the habitat Flinders Ranges in low woodland associated with Callitris along rocky creeks or on the lower slopes of the ranges30 Anogramma leptophylla (Annual Fern) R - 3 1999 Grows in shallow soil Unlikely – not suitable layers over rock on habitat outcrops in dry or

29 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Acacia pendula 30 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Acacia quornensis

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source last preferences habitat – comments record damp sclerophyll forest31 Asperula syrticola (Southern Flinders R - 3 1999 Grows amongst rocks Unlikely – not suitable Woodruff) commonly on habitat. Occurs limestone and hilly adjacent to the country, in woodland.32 Flinders Ranges and Northern Lofty Ranges. Austrostipa breviglumis (Cane Spear- R - 3 2003 Grows in hills and Unlikely – not suitable grass) ridges and on sandy habitat. Occurs in the loam soils.33 Flinders Ranges and Mt Lofty Ranges Austrostipa petraea (Flinders Range R - 3 2009 Grows in rocky areas34 Unlikely – not suitable Spear-grass) habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges Brachyscome ciliaris var. subintegrifolia R - 3 2005 Grasslands, grassy Unlikely – not suitable woodlands and habitat. Occurs in the shrublands35 Flinders Ranges Caladenia coactilis (Flinders Ranges R - 3 1999 Open forest36 Unlikely – not suitable Caladenia) habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges and Mt Lofty Ranges Caladenia gladiolata (Bayonet Spider- E EN 3&5 1994 Open forest37 Unlikely – not suitable orchid) habitat. Last found over 25 years ago. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges and Mt Lofty Ranges Caladenia tensa (Inland Green-comb - EN 5 1999 Dry woodland and Unlikely – not suitable Spider-orchid) mallee on sandy loam38 habitat. Found in south eastern SA. Codonocarpus pyramidalis (Slender E VU 3&5 1990 Growing on sandy Unlikely – not suitable Bell-fruit) soils39 habitat. Last found 30 years ago. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges and Olary Ranges Cryptandra campanulata (Long-flower R - 3 1999 Open forest and Unlikely – not suitable Cryptandra) woodland40 habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges and Mt Lofty Ranges Dianella longifolia var. grandis (Pale R - 3 1999 Grassy woodland41 Unlikely – not suitable Flax-lily) habitat. Occurs in the

31 Nature Values Atlas 2019. Species description, Anogramma leptophylla 32 Thompson, IR (2009) A revision of Asperula and Galium (Rubieae: Rubiaceae) in Australia. Muelleria 27(1), 36-115 33 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Austrostipa breviglumis 34 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Austrostipa petraea 35 Flora of Victoria 2019, Species search, Brachyscome ciliaris var. subintegrifolia 36 Wikipedia 2019, species search, Caladenia coactilis 37 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Caladenia gladiolata 38 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Caladenia tensa 39 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Codonocarpus pyramidalis 40 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Cryptandra campanulata 41 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Dianella longifolia var. grandis

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source last preferences habitat – comments record Flinders Ranges and Mt Lofty Ranges Drosera stricticaulis (Erect Sundew) V - 3 1999 Sandy clay loam along Unlikely – not suitable watercourses and habitat. Occurs in the granite outcrops.42 Flinders Ranges and Southern Eyre Peninsula Eucalyptus cajuputea (Narrow Leaved R - 3 1999 Rocky hill slopes and Unlikely – not suitable Peppermint Box) ridges and deeper habitat. Occurs in the slopes and undulating Flinders Ranges, Mt plains43 Loft Ranges and Eyre Peninsula Eucalyptus percostata (Ribbed White R - 3 2006 well-drained clay- Unlikely – not suitable Mallee) loams in woodland and habitat. Occurs in the mallee on slopes and Southern Flinders foot of rocky hills.44 Ranges Eucalyptus viridis ssp. viridis (NC) R - 3 2009 Semi-arid regions, Unlikely – not suitable (Green Mallee) range of soils from well habitat. Occurs in the drained sand and Flinders Ranges poorly drained clays45 Festuca benthamiana (Bentham’s R - 3 2000 Dry, open woodlands46 Unlikely – not suitable Fescue) habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges Gilesia biniflora (Western Tar-vine) R - 3 2018 Saline clay soils47 Likely – suitable habitat. While records in NatureMaps are not in the area grazing pressure would make this a hard species to find. Gratwickia monochaeta R - 3 2007 Predominantly in sandy Likely – suitable soils48 habitat. This species has been found close to the site. Haeckeria cassiniiformis (Dogwood R - 3 2006 A range of habitats, Unlikely – Distribution Haeckeria) common following extent is below Port disturbance (fire, Augusta on the Eyre roadworks)49 Peninsula with one isolated record in the Flinders Ranges. Hovea purpurea (Tall Hovea) R - 3 2001 Dry, open woodlands50 Unlikely – Endemic to the Flinders Ranges Logania saxatilis (Rock Logania) R - 3 1996 steep-sided sandstone Unlikely – not suitable gorges in open habitat. Occurs in the

42 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Drosera stricticaulis 43 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Eucalyptus cajuputea 44 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Eucalyptus percostata 45 Australian National Herbarium 2019. Species description, Eucalyptus viridis ssp. viridis (NC) 46 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Festuca benthamiana 47 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Gilesia biniflora 48 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Gratwickia monochaeta 49 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Haeckeria cassiniiformis 50 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Hovea purpurea

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source last preferences habitat – comments record woodland and crevices Flinders Ranges and Mt of rocky outcrops in Loft Ranges shallow sandy or clay- rich soils51 Maireana excavata (Bottle Fissure- V - 3 1996 Grassland species in Unlikely – not suitable plant) hilly areas52 habitat. Broad distribution from Flinders ranges and heading south. Malacocera gracilis (Slender Soft V - 3 2016 Saline clay soils53 Likely – Suitable horns) habitat, current records are well south of site Myoporum parvifolium (Creeping R - 3 2009 Coastal habitats54 Unlikely – Not suitable Boobialla) habitat Olearia pannosa ssp. cardiophylla R - 3 1999 Mallee woodland and Unlikely – not suitable (Velvet Daisy-bush) forest communities55 habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges, Mt Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and Murray Region. Olearia pannosa ssp. Pannosa (Silver V VU 3&5 1996 Mallee woodland and Unlikely – Not suitable Daisy-bush) forest communities 56 habitat. Closest records in Mt Brown Conservation Park Ozothamnus scaber (Rough Bush- V - 3 1999 Hills and rocky gorges57 Unlikely – not suitable everlasting) habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges Poa drummondiana (Knotted Poa) R - 3 2000 Broad habitat range, Unlikely – not suitable mostly coastal habitat. Broadly distribution, also hills, distribute but not open woodland58 north of Port Augusta. Podolepis jaceoides (Showy Copper- R - 3 1996 Broad habitat range, Unlikely – not suitable wire Daisy) mostly coastal habitat. Broadly distribution, also hills, distribute but not open woodland59 north of Port Augusta. Prasophyllum pallidum (Pale Leek- R VU 3&5 2009 Fertile soils of Unlikely – not suitable Orchid) woodland and well- habitat. Occurs in the grassed open forests60 Flinders Ranges and Mt Loft Ranges

51 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Logania saxatilis 52 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Maireana excavata 53 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Malacocera gracilis 54 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Myoporum parvifolium 55 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Olearia pannosa ssp. cardiophylla 56 DEW 2019. Threatened species factsheet, Olearia pannosa ssp. Pannosa 57 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Ozothamnus scaber 58 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Poa drummondiana 59 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Podolepis jaceoides 60 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Prasophyllum pallidum

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Species (common name) NP&W EPBC Data Date of Species known habitat Likelihood of use for Act Act source last preferences habitat – comments record Ptilotus angustifolius (Narrow-leaf E - 3 1996 Growing on rocky Unlikely – not suitable Yellow-tails) * was Ptilotus nobilis ssp slopes or hills61 habitat. Occurs in the angustifolius Flinders Ranges and Mt Loft Ranges Pycnosorus globosus (Drumsticks) V - 3 1997 Open moist heavy soils Unlikely – not suitable prone to inundation62 habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges and mid north Rumex dumosus (Wiry Dock) R - 3 1996 Broad habitat range63 Possible – although typical distribution is not in this area and the only record within 50kmis in the Flinders Ranges Santalum spicatum (Sandalwood) V - 3 2017 Various arid habitats64 Likely – Suitable habitat Senecio megaglossus (Large-flower E VU 3&5 2009 rocky gorges and valley Unlikely – not suitable Groundsel) slopes in tall open habitat. Occurs in the shrubland, woodland, Flinders Ranges and and open-woodland on mid north variable soils of loam and clay loams65 Thelymitra grandiflora (Great Sun- R - 3 1999 Woodland and forest66 Unlikely – not suitable orchid) habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges and Mt Loft Ranges Thysanotus tenellus (Grassy Fringe-lily) R - 3 1995 Variable habitats67 Unlikely – not suitable habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges, mid north and Mt Loft Ranges. Records only in Mt Brown Conservation Park. Veronica decorosa (Showy Speedwell) R - 3 1999 Rocky Gullies and Unlikely – not suitable ridges68 habitat. Occurs in the Flinders Ranges Source; 1- BDBSA, 2 - AoLA, 3 – NatureMaps 4 – Observed/3recorded in the field, 5 - Protected matters search tool, 6 – others NP&W Act; E= Endangered, V = Vulnerable, R= Rare EPBC Act; Ex = Extinct, CR = Critically endangered, EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable

61 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Ptilotus angustifolius 62 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Pycnosorus globosus 63 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Rumex dumosus 64 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Santalum spicatum 65 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Senecio megaglossus 66 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Thelymitra grandiflora 67 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Thysanotus tenellus 68 Seeds of South Australia 2019. Species description, Veronica decorosa

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4.3 Cumulative impact When exercising a power or making a decision under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017, the NVC must consider the potential cumulative impact, both direct and indirect, that is reasonably likely to result from a proposed clearance activity.

The impact of this mine will be restricted to the harvest areas and roads within the clearance application area. Roadways into and out of the site are already present so will not require any extra clearance allowance. Within the clearance area there may be zones that remain uncleared with time depending on the substrate that is found. This application is the first of two to for mining works along the creek bed. A further site to the west is planned for the second application. One area along the creek bed has already been cleared under a different lease.

4.4 Address the Mitigation Hierarchy When exercising a power or making a decision under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017, the NVC must have regard to the mitigation hierarchy. The NVC will also consider, with the aim to minimize, impacts on biological diversity, soil, water and other natural resources, threatened species or ecological communities under the EPBC Act or listed species under the NP&W Act.

a) Avoidance – outline measures taken to avoid clearance of native vegetation The existing tracks will be used for access and any new tracks will be added within the clearance area.

b) Minimization – if clearance cannot be avoided, outline measures taken to minimize the extent, duration and intensity of impacts of the clearance on biodiversity to the fullest possible extent (whether the impact is direct, indirect or cumulative). While there are no options for avoidance of clearance within a mineral sand harvest, the extent of clearance within the application area will be dependent on the substrate located on the site. This may lead to some reduction in the area cleared. Where the substrate is not suitable these areas will remain intact.

c) Rehabilitation or restoration – outline measures taken to rehabilitate ecosystems that have been degraded, and to restore ecosystems that have been degraded, or destroyed by the impact of clearance that cannot be avoided or further minimized, such as allowing for the re-establishment of the vegetation. Following mining activities, the site will be re-shaped to support the direction of flow for the ephemeral creek. The site will be sown with locally native seed to support a natural recovery process.

d) Offset – any adverse impact on native vegetation that cannot be avoided or further minimized should be offset by the achievement of a significant environmental benefit that outweighs that impact. The clearance will be offset through a payment into the SEB fund.

The NVC will only consider an offset once avoidance, minimization and restoration have been documented and fulfilled. The SEB Policy explains the biodiversity offsetting principles that must be met.

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4.5 Principles of Clearance (Schedule 1, Native Vegetation Act 1991) The Native Vegetation Council will consider Principles 1(b), 1(c) and 1(d) when assigning a level of Risk under Regulation 16 of the Native Vegetation Regulations. The Native Vegetation Council will consider all the Principles of clearance of the Act as relevant, when considering an application referred under the Planning, Development and Infrastructure Act 2016.

Principle of Relevant information Assessment against Moderating factors that may clearance the principles be considered by the NVC Principle 1b - Threatened species that may use the Seriously at Variance • The proportion of Remnancy significance vegetation include (assessed as likely All vegetation in this region is 100% as a habitat or highly likely): Associations providing a significant for wildlife Amytornis textilis myall habitat resource for fauna

Dromaius novaehollandiae species in the area.

Falco hypoleucos • Due to the small scale of this Falco peregrinus application clearance is not Manorina flavigula likely to reduce or fragment Neophema elegans an existing population, or Neophema splendida adversely affect habitat Northiella haematogaster critical to survival. • Most of these birds are quite Patches: mobile within their habitat Threatened Fauna Score and have relatively broad for all Veg Associations = 0.1 habitat requirements. Unit biodiversity Score for Veg Associations: 1) 53.85 2) 55.01 3) 42.84 4) 56.53

Principle 1c - Threatened species recorded for the Seriously at Variance • The proportion of Remnancy plants of a site or that may be present but All vegetation in this region is 100% rare, undetectable at the time of Associations providing a significant vulnerable or assessment (assessed as likely or habitat resource for fauna

endangered highly likely): species in the area. species Gilesia biniflora • Due to the small scale of this Gratwickia monochaeta application clearance is not Malacocera gracilis likely to reduce or fragment Santalum spicatum an existing population, or adversely affect habitat Threatened Flora Score critical to survival. for all Veg Associations = 0.2 • The clearance is unlikely to introduce any more invasive species to the site than are already present. Vehicle hygiene practices will be maintained to ensure that no cross-site contamination will occur.

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Principle 1d - Threatened ecosystems under the Seriously at Variance The sites surveyed provide some the DEW Provisional list of threatened Vegetation of the features of these plant vegetation ecosystems: Associations: communities. comprises the The plant communities are 1) Acacia aneura low woodlands. Sites 1), 2) and 4) whole or represented along the full 2) Alectryon oleifolius tall shrublands part of a length of the creek line in the on alluvial soils of plains. plant area with only a small portion community Threatened Community Score: being cleared for this that is Rare, for Veg Associations: application. Vulnerable or 1) 1.2 endangered: 2) 1.2 3) 1 4) 1.2

4.6 Risk Assessment Determine the level of risk associated with the application

Total No. of trees 0 clearance Area (ha) 6.12 Total biodiversity Score 329.75 Seriously at variance with principle Seriously at variance with 1(b), 1(c) or 1 (d) principles 1(b), 1(c) and 1(d) Risk assessment outcome Level 3

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5. Clearance summary

Table 4: Summary Clearance Table for patches of vegetation assessed using the Rangeland Assessment Method.

ity score ity

Block Block Site Species divers Threatened Ecological community Score Threatened score plant Threatened score fauna UBS (ha) Area Total Biodiversity score factor Loss Loadings Reductions Points SEB required payment SEB Fee Admin 1 1 1.2 0.2 0.1 53.85 3.1 166.93 1 175.27 $11,952.40 $657.38

1 2 1.2 0.2 0.1 55.01 0.95 52.26 1 54.88 $3,742.06 $205.81

1 3 1 0.2 0.1 42.84 0.45 19.28 1 20.24 $1,380.45 $75.92

1 4 1.2 0.2 0.1 56.35 1.62 91.28 1 95.85 $6,536.13 $359.49

Total 6.12 329.75 346.24 $23,611.04 $1,298.60

Table 5: Totals summary table for patches of vegetation to be removed

Total Total SEB Biodiversity points score required SEB Payment Admin Fee Total Payment

Application 329.75 346.24 $23,611.04 $1,298.60 $24,909.64

Economies of Scale Factor 0.11 Rainfall (mm) 235

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6. Significant Environmental Benefit

A Significant Environmental Benefit (SEB) is required for approval to clear under Division 5 of the Native Vegetation Regulations 2017. The NVC must be satisfied that as a result of the loss of vegetation from the clearance that an SEB will result in a positive impact on the environment that is over and above the negative impact of the clearance.

ACHIEVING AN SEB Indicate how the SEB will be achieved by ticking the appropriate box and providing the associated information:

Establish a new SEB Area on land owned by the proponent.

Use SEB Credit that the proponent has established. Provide the SEB Credit Ref. No. ______

Apply to have SEB Credit assigned from another person or body. The application form needs to be submitted with this Data Report.

Apply to have an SEB to be delivered by a Third Party. The application form needs to be submitted with this Data Report.

Pay into the Native Vegetation Fund.

PAYMENT SEB If a proponent proposes to achieve the SEB by paying into the Native Vegetation Fund, summary information must be provided on the amount required to be paid and the manner of payment:

See table 5 for the SEB payment requirement. The applicant, Clay and Mineral Sales, would like to establish a payment schedule on an as used basis to allow for adjustments with time as it is envisaged the full clearance parameter may not be required.

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7. Appendices

Appendix 1. Rangeland Vegetation Assessment Scoresheets associated with the proposed clearance are attached with this file in Excel format

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