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Xerox University Microfilms COMPARATIVE KARYOTYPE ANALYSES OF SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE GENUS ASHMUNELLA (MOLLUSCA: PULMONATA: POLYGYRIDAE) Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Reeder, Richard LeRoy, 1945- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 00:40:04 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289276 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "IVlissing Pags(s)". Sf it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. Sf necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction couid be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 76-1410 REEDER, Richard LeRoy, 1945- COMPARATIVE KARYOTYPE ANALYSES OF SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE GENUS ASHMUNELLA (MOLLUSCA: PULMONATA: POLYGYRIDAE). The University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1975 Zoology Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. COMPARATIVE KARYOTYPE ANALYSES OF SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE GENUS ASHMUNELLA (MOLLUSCA: PULMONATA: POLYGYRIDAE) by Richard LeRoy Reeder A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN ZOOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 5 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Richard LeRoy Reeder entitled COMPARATIVE KARYOTYPE ANALYSES OF SELECTED MEMBERS OF THE GENUS ASHMUNELLA (MOLLUSCA: PULMONATA: POLYGYRIDAE) be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dissertation Director*^ Date fj ( After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the follox;ing members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:" 19, '9/£- (JSkt&kJi (iJt-4 /9 i°n<5 U rd ' TirU G-A—crv^ This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library, Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to Drs. Albert R. Mead and Walter B. Miller for their limitless aid in directing my program, guiding my research, producing this dissertation, and for their encouragement. I would also like to thank Drs. Peter E. Pickens, Charles T. Mason, and Willard Van Asdall for their suggestions and for critically reading this work, and Dr. Joseph C. Bequaert for comments, encouragement, and friendship. Thanks are extended to Dr. Walter B. Miller, Carl C. Christensen, Noorullah Babrakzai, David B. Richman, Peter N. D'Eliscu, and Roy S. Houston for their help and com­ panionship in the field. Special thanks go to Carl C. Christensen and Noorullah Babrakzai for numerous personal considerations, and to Margaret Vescovi for her diligent photography work over the past three years and for the illustrations in this dissertation. I would also like to extend my appreciation to my parents, Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Reeder, and to my wife's parents, Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Kimmell, for their support and encouragement. I owe much to all of those mentioned above, but my greatest thanks and appreciation go to my wife, Carolyn, for her support, encouragement, tenacity, love, and just plain iii iv being there. Without her, this dissertation could not have been completed. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vi LIST OF TABLES vii ABSTRACT ix INTRODUCTION , . 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 6 RESULTS 10 Ashmunella angulata Pilsbry ...... 10 Ashmunella bequaerti Clench and Miller ...... 10 Ashmunella chiricahuana (Dall) ..... 14 Ashmunella esuritor Pilsbry ..... 16 Ashmunella lenticula Gregg 24 Ashmunella lepiderma Pilsbry and Ferriss 24 Ashmunella levettei (Bland) 31 Ashmunella mogollonensis Pilsbry 31 Ashmunella proxima Pilsbry 38 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 43 REFERENCES 55 V LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Karyotype of Ashmunella angulata 11 2. Idiogram for Ashmunella angulata ........ 13 3. Karyotype of Ashmunella chiricahuana from below Winn Falls ............... 15 4. Diakinesis of Ashmunella chiricahuana from below Winn Falls 17 5. Idiogram for Ashmunella chiricahuana from below Winn Falls 19 6. Karyotype of Ashmunella chiricahuana from Reed's Mountain 20 7. Idiogram for Ashmunella chiricahuana from Reed's Mountain ....... 22 8. Karyotype of Ashmunella esuritor ........ 23 9. Idiogram for Ashmunella esuritor 26 10. Karyotype of Ashmunella lenticula 27 11. Idiogram for Ashmunella lenticula ....... 29 12. Karyotype of Ashmunella levettei ........ 32 13. Idiogram for Ashmunella levettei ... 34 14. Karyotype of Ashmunella mogollonensis 3 5 15. Idiogram for Ashmunella mogollonensis ..... 37 16. Karyotype of Ashmunella proxima ........ 39 17. Idiogram for Ashmunella proxima , . 41 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella angulata 12 2. Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella chiricahuana from below Winn Falls ' . 18 3. Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella chiricahuana from Reed's Mountain 21 4, Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella esuritor 25 5. Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella lenticula 28 6, Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of a second cell of Ashmunella lenticula , 30 7. Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella levettei , . , . 33 8, Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella mogollonensis 36 vii viii LIST OF TABLES—Continued Table Page 9. Relative length (RL), arm ratio (q/p), centromeric index (CI), and chromosome types of the haploid set of Ashmunella proxima 40 10. The relative number of chromosome types in seven species of Ashmunella 47 ABSTRACT This study reports the chromosome morphology of seven species of the land snail genus Ashmunella from southeastern Arizona. Karyotypes and idiograms have been constructed for Ashmunella angulata Pilsbry, A. chiricahuana (Dall), A. esuritor Pilsbry, A. lenticula Gregg, A. levettei (Bland), A. mogollonensis Pilsbry, and A. proxima Pilsbry. For all of these species and two additional species, A. bequaerti Clench and Miller and A. lepiderma Pilsbry and Ferriss,
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