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MPLS Layer-2 Vpns • MPLS Traffic Engineering • Summary

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MPLS Layer-2 Vpns • MPLS Traffic Engineering • Summary Understanding MPLS BRKMPL - 1101 Khurram Waheed Systems Engineer #clmel Session Goals • Understand the problems MPLS is addressing • Understand major MPLS technology components • Understand typical MPLS applications • Understand benefits of deploying MPLS BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Agenda • Introduction • MPLS Basics • MPLS Layer-3 VPNs • MPLS Layer-2 VPNs • MPLS Traffic Engineering • Summary BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Introduction Why Multi-Protocol Label Switching? • SP/Carrier perspective – Reduce costs (CAPEX/OPEX); consolidate networks and maximise utilisation of resources. – Consolidated network for multiple Layer-2/3 services over same infrastructure – Support increasingly stringent SLAs (Voice + Video etc.) • Enterprise/end-user perspective – Campus/LAN – Need for network segmentation (users, applications, etc.) BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public What is MPLS? Brief Summary • It’s all about labels … • Use the best of both worlds – Layer-2: efficient forwarding and traffic engineering – Layer-3: flexible and scalable • MPLS forwarding plane – Use of labels for forwarding Layer-2/3 data traffic – Labeled packets are switched; instead of routed • Leverage layer-2 forwarding efficiency • MPLS control/signalling plane – Use of existing IP control protocols extensions + new protocols to exchange label information • Leverage layer-3 control protocol flexibility and scalability BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Basics Topics Basics of MPLS Signalling and Forwarding • MPLS Reference Architecture Service (Clients) • MPLS Labels Layer-3 VPNs Layer-2 VPNs • MPLS Signalling and Forwarding Operations Transport IP/MPLS (LDP/RSVP-TE/BGP) MPLS Forwarding BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Reference Architecture Different Types of Nodes in an MPLS Network • P (Provider) router – Label switching router (LSR) MPLS Domain – Switches MPLS-labeled packets P P • PE (Provider Edge) router CE PE PE CE – Edge router (LER) – Imposes and removes MPLS labels CE CE • CE (Customer Edge) router PE P P – Connects customer network to PE MPLS network Label switched traffic BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Labels Label Definition and Encapsulation • 4 Bytes (32Bits) in size MPLS Label 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 • Labels used for making TC S forwarding decision Label # – 20bits TTL-8bits TC = Traffic Class: 3 Bits; S = Bottom of Stack; TTL = Time to Live • Multiple labels can be used for MPLS packet encapsulation MPLS Label Encapsulation – Creation of a label stack LAN MAC Label Header MAC Header Label Layer 3 Packet • Outer label always used for switching MPLS packets in MPLS Label Stack network LAN MAC Label Header MAC Header Label Label S Layer 3 Packet • Remaining inner labels used for Bottom of Stack Bit Set services (VPNs etc.) BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public Basic MPLS Forwarding Operations How Labels are being used to establish End-to-End Connectivity • Label imposition (PUSH) Label Imposition Label Disposition Label Swap Label Swap – By ingress PE router; classify and label packets (Push) (PoP) – Based on Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L2 • Label swapping or switching L2/L3 (SWAP) Packet P P – By P router; forward packets using labels; CE PE PE CE indicates service class & destination • Label disposition (POP) CE CE – By egress PE router; remove label and forward original packet to destination CE PE P P PE Traffic Flow BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Path (LSP) Setup and Traffic Forwarding Overview • IGP (OSPF/ISIS) – Learns MPLS Loopback Interfaces (loopback0 IP MPLS etc.) Destination address based Label based Forwarding Forwarding table learned Forwarding table learned • LSP signalling from control plane from control plane – Either LDP or RSVP TTL support TTL support – Leverages IP routing (RIB from IGP) OSPF, IS-IS, BGP Control Plane OSPF, IS-IS, BGP LDP, RSVP • Exchange of labels Packet IP Header One or more labels – Label bindings Encapsulation – Downstream MPLS node advertises what label to use QoS 8 bit TOS field in IP header 3 bit TC field in label • MPLS forwarding OAM IP ping, traceroute MPLS OAM – MPLS Forwarding table (FIB) BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Path (LSP) Setup Signalling Options • LDP signalling LDP RSVP – Leverages existing routing (RIB) LSP or TE Tunnel Forwarding path LSP • RSVP signalling Primary and, optionally, backup Based on TE topology – Aka MPLS RSVP/TE database Forwarding Based on IP routing database Shortest-path and/or other – Enables enhanced capabilities, such as Fast Calculation Shortest-Path based Re-Route (FRR) constraints (CSPF calculation) Packet Single label One or two labels Encapsulation Initiated by head-end node towards tail-end node By each node independently Uses routing protocol Signalling Uses existing routing extensions/information protocols/information Supports bandwidth reservation Supports link/node protection BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public IP Packet Forwarding Example Basic IP Packet Forwarding • IP routing information exchanged Forwarding Table Address Forwarding Table Forwarding Table I/F between nodes Prefix Address Address I/F I/F – Via IGP (e.g., OSFP, IS-IS) Prefix Prefix 128.89 0 128.89 128.89 1 0 171.69 1 171.69 1 171.69 1 … • Packets being forwarded based … … on destination IP address R3 128.89 – Lookup in routing table (RIB) 0 R1 R2 0 128.89.25.4 Data 1 128.89.25.4 Data 1 128.89.25.4 Data 128.89.25.4 Data 171.69 R4 BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Path (LSP) Setup Step 1: IP Routing (IGP) Convergence • Exchange of IP routes – OSPF, IS-IS, etc. Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label 128.89 1 128.89 0 128.89 0 • Establish IP reachability 171.69 1 171.69 1 … … … … … … R3 0 128.89 0 R1 1 R2 You Can Reach 128.89 Thru Me You Can Reach 128.89 and 1 171.69 Thru Me Routing Updates You Can Reach 171.69 Thru Me R4 (OSPF, EIGRP, …) 171.69 BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Path (LSP) Setup Step 2A: Assign Local Labels • Each MPLS node assigns a local label to each route in local routing Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table table In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label – In label - 128.89 1 20 128.89 0 30 128.89 0 - - 171.69 1 21 171.69 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … R3 0 128.89 0 1 0 R1 R2 1 R4 171.69 BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Path (LSP) Setup Step 2B: Assign Remote Labels • Local label mapping are sent to In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out connected nodes Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label - 128.89 1 20 20 128.89 0 30 30 128.89 0 - • Receiving nodes update - 171.69 1 21 21 171.69 1 36 forwarding table … … … … … … … … … … … … – Out label R3 128.89 R2 0 R1 1 0 Use Label 30 for 128.89 Use Label 20 for 128.89 and 1 Use Label 21 for 171.69 Label Distribution Use Label 36 for 171.69 R4 Protocol (LDP) 171.69 (Downstream Allocation) BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Traffic Forwarding Hop-by-Hop Traffic Forwarding Using Labels • Ingress PE node adds label to In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out packet (push) Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label – Via forwarding table - 128.89 1 20 20 128.89 0 30 30 128.89 0 - - 171.69 1 21 21 171.69 1 36 • Downstream node use label for … … … … … … … … … … … … forwarding decision (swap) R3 0 128.89 0 – Outgoing interface R1 R2 128.89.25.4 Data 1 – Out label 30 128.89.25.4 Data 1 • Egress PE removes label and 128.89.25.4 Data 20 128.89.25.4 Data forwards original packet (pop) Forwarding based on Label R4 171.69 BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public MPLS Penultimate Hop Popping Forwarding Efficiency Gains with PHP • Downstream node signals POP label (Implicit NULL) In Address Out Out In Address Out Out In Address Out Out Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label Label Prefix I’face Label • Last LSR (P) removes outer label - 128.89 1 20 20 128.89 0 POP POP 128.89 0 - before sending to LER (PE) R3 0 128.89 • Improves LER (PE) performance by 0 R1 R2 not performing multiple label lookups 128.89.25.4 Data 1 to forward to final packet POP 128.89.25.4 Data 128.89.25.4 Data 20 128.89.25.4 Data • Explicit-NULL can be used for QoS requirements Outer label removed (PHP) Implicit-NULL signaled (POP) BRKMPL-1101 © 2015 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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