CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

CANADA- PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

2010 CUPP NEWSLETTER

CUPP at 20...... 1 "And Here We Are..."...... 7 CUPP Interns...... 9 Landmark Photos...... 23 The Language of Freedom...... 30 Мова свободи...... 32 The Challenges Young Ukrainians Face in Present-day Ukraine...... 34 What Are the Most Damaging Legacies of Soviet Totalitarianism in Ukraine?...... 36 The perception of Ukraine and Ukrainians by Russian youth...... 38 Education and Knowledge will Ensure a Future for an Independent Ukraine...... 40 Gogol Haunts the New Ukraine...... 42 Привид Гоголя переслідує L to R, back row: two graduate students from Kyrgyzstan, Oleksandr Pankiv, сучасну Україну...... 46 C'08 (Boston College); Maksym Klyuchar, C'06 (University of Texas); Roman Is Europe Losing Ukraine?...... 50 Tashlitskyy, C'02 & '03 ( University); Evhenia Viatchaninova, C'09 & '10 Європа втрачає Україну?...... 54 (University of ); Inna Volkova, C'05 (Michigan State University); Iryna Krasnoshtan, C'09 & '10 (Kyiv Polytechnic University); Serhiy Opanasenko, C'08 Мовна політика, чи мова політики...... 58 (Rochester Institute of Technology); Lyubomyr Regush, C'07 (Old Dominion University); Andriy Khomenko, C'96 (University of Kyiv), Atlanta; Roman The Language Policy, or the Didenko, C'96 (V. Dahl Eastern Ukraine University of Luhansk), Washington; Language of Politics...... 61 Andriy Oleniuk, C'06 & '07 (Georgetown University); Inna Viriasova, C'05 Review of the Iryna Berezhna's Ar- (University of Western Ontario); Oleksandr Pertsovskyi, C'07 (Brandeis ticle «Мовна політика, чи University); Vyacheslav Tomenko, C'04 (University of Southern Maine). мова політики»...... 64 L to R, front row: Andriy Semotiuk, Los Angeles; Ihor Bardyn, CUPP Director; Comment on the Article by Iryna Professor Henry Hale, Director of Institute for European and Eurasian Studies Berezhna: "Language Policy or George Washington University; Olha Kroytor, C'07 & '08 (George Washington the Language Policy"...... 65 University); Tetiana Orlova, C'05 (Brandeis University). Comment on Iryna Berezhna's article «Мовна політика, чи мова політики»...... 66 «Модель України» – новий History of CUPP students an opportunity to work and майданчик для обговорення th study in the Canadian Parliament, «українських» питань?...... 68 On July 16 , 1990, the Ukrainian and gain experience from which CUPP Alumni Gathered to Shape Parliament adopted the Declaration generations of Canadian, American "Model Ukraine"...... 69 of Sovereignty which declared that and West European students have Меценати/Thank You Donors...... 71 Parliament recognized the need to benefited. On the basis of academic build the Ukrainian state based on excellence, knowledge of the English Will CUPP survive till 2010?...... 72 the Rule of Law. On August 24, 1991, Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary or French and Ukrainian languages, Program...... 73 the Ukrainian Parliament adopted the and on interest in the parliamentary Declaration of Independence, which CUPP Alumni Pursuing Graduate system of government, university Studies...... 75 the citizens of Ukraine endorsed in students from Ukraine can apply for the referendum of December 1, 1991. a CUPP scholarship. It is hoped that Also in 1991, Canadians celebrated CUPP will contribute to the education the Centennial of Ukrainian group of future leaders of Ukraine. Contact Us immigration to Canada. To mark the Chair of Ukrainian In 2009, during the 19th year Centennial, organizations planned of CUPP's operation, 25 students Studies Foundation programs and projects to celebrate arrived from Ukraine to complete a 620 Spadina Avenue this milestone in Canada's history. two-month internship with Members The Chair of Ukrainian Studies Toronto, Ontario, of Parliament, Ministers and Senators Foundation of Toronto decided to (please see Issue 1 of the Newsletter Canada M5S 2H4 mark the Centennial by establishing for complete list of CUPP Interns). In Tel.: (416) 234-9111 the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary the course of the Program, the Interns Program for university students Fax: (416) 234-9114 meet with political and social opinion- from Ukraine. The Canada-Ukraine leaders of Canada. www.KATEDRA.org Parliamentary Program gives Ukrainian

 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

CUPP at 20 CUPP founder Ihor Bardyn, outlines the program's history

The 1990s, the decade in which of the Ukrainian Parliament Stepan the Canada Ukraine Parliamentary Khmara was arrested for exceeding Program (CUPP) was founded, began his authority in carrying out a citizen's with important milestones in Canadian arrest of KGB Colonel Ihor Hryhoriev. and Ukrainian history. On November 14, 1991 the Ukrainian Parliament voted to strip Khmara of Governor-General Ray Hnatyshyn, his parliamentarian's immunity from the renaissance in Ukraine. I have a patron of CUPP arrest. It was a vote that was flawed good knowledge of Ukraine's history, In January 1990, Ray Hnatyshyn as there was not a quorum in Parlia- both contemporary and past... I am the first Governor-General of Ukraini- ment when the vote was taken, nor looking forward to my stay with im- an ancestry was appointed by Queen was the matter about Khmara's immu- Elizabeth II to serve as her represen- mense anticipation." nity on Parliament's daily agenda, as tative in Canada. Although largely a Ukraine's first independent step required by law. (Unfortunately such ceremonial office, the Governor-Gen- In February 1991, at the session disregard for the Constitution contin- eral plays important roles in the for- of the United Nations Human Rights ues to this day. For example, when mation of Canada's governments and Commission in Geneva, Ukraine's on April 27, 2010, the Ukrainian Par- is an important symbol as official Head delegation distanced itself completely liament voted to ratify the Black Sea of State. from the Russian delegation and of- Accords extending the lease of the ficial policy of the USSR. During the Declaration of Sovereignty Russian Naval Base in discussion on the Soviet Union's bru- In Ukraine on Monday, July 16, there were not a quorum as required tal crackdown in the Baltic Repub- 1990, the Parliament of the Ukrainian by the Constitution. The Law that was lics, Ukraine's spokesman Volodymyr Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the passed is not valid.) Vasylenko, spoke out against the bru- constituent republics of the USSR, At the invitation of Amnesty Inter- tality of the Soviet Union and stated adopted the Declaration on State national in London, UK, I was asked to that it should develop into a new com- Sovereignty by a vote of 355 for and travel to Kyiv and conduct an investiga- monwealth that respects freedom of 4 against. The Ukrainian Parliament tion and prepare a report to Amnesty choice and rejects the use of brutal recognized the need to build the Ukrai- International on the treatment of Ste- force against peaceful civilians. The nian state based on the Rule of Law. pan Khmara by Ukrainian authorities. significance of the Geneva session, Ivan Pliushch, Speaker of The report would determine whether attended by 43 countries, was that Amnesty would adopt Khmara as its Ukraine's Parliament the session was convened to discuss At the invitation of the Ukrainian- Prisoner of Conscience. After submit- the right of people to self-determina- Canadian Professional & Business ting my report, Amnesty did adopt him tion. Vasylenko read into the minutes Federation (UCPBF), Ivan Pliushch at- as its Prisoner of Conscience, for the Ukraine's adoption of the Declaration tended the Federation's National Con- second time. Khmara was considered of Sovereignty. He concluded his pre- vention in Halifax, Nova Scotia. During a Prisoner of Conscience first in the sentation by stating that history proves his weeklong stay in Toronto, we met 1980s for speaking out for Ukraine's that people determined to achieve every evening to discuss events in the independence and for so doing was freedom will inevitably do so, citing the deteriorating USSR and in Ukraine in imprisoned for eight years. example of Namibia. This was the first particular. As well Pliushch met with Amnesty's decision meant that it occasion where one of the two So- the editorial board of the Globe & Mail would send official observers to Kh- viet Republics ( and Ukraine) newspaper, which resulted in an in- mara's trial and would champion his spoke up at an international forum to freedom throughout the world wher- depth article about Ukraine. At the take issue with official Soviet policy. convention Pliushch reiterated that ever Amnesty chapters existed. changes were underway in Ukraine: Canadian Consulate-General First anniversary of Sovereignty Ukraine was emerging from Soviet in Kyiv The Ukrainian Weekly newspa- domination and independence was Nestor Gayowsky was appointed per's, Chrystyna Lapychak reported coming. Canada's Consul-General in Kyiv and from Kyiv that Ukrainian citizens marked the first anniversary of the Stepan Khmara, Amnesty's thus began an official diplomatic rela- tionship between Canada and Ukraine. Declaration of Sovereignty on July 16, Prisoner of Conscience 1991 with official and impromptu ral- On November 21, 1990, Member In an interview, Gayowsky said, "I am looking forward to seeing the nature of lies, concerts and other festivities. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Stepan Khmara arrested be transferred to Parliament's jurisdic- free and democratically expressed The Supreme Court of the Ukrai- tion. In looking at the ultimate dispo- wishes of the Ukrainian people." nian Soviet Socialist Republic on July sition of that property and the enrich- Canada Post issued a series of 18,1991 issued an order to arrest Ste- ment of the oligarchs at the expense commemorative stamps by William pan Khmara to stand trial on July 22. of the state, it is understandable why Kurelek, a Canadian painter of Ukrai- Once again, I was asked by Amnesty so many hard- and soft-line former nian descent. An Ontario winery pro- International to travel to Kyiv to ob- Communists became quick converts duced a centennial wine "Edna Star," serve Khmara's trial. I arrived in Kyiv to Democrats and sought re-election named for the first permanent Ukrai- on July 21 to news from Khmara's to Parliament. This enabled them to nian settlement in Alberta. A series daughter Solomia that Khmara and his be close to state assets and to pocket of conferences and symposiums was supporters, who had sought refuge in many of them for personal gain. held at the University of Toronto. The the Hotel Ukraina, had been brutally symposiums focused on the Ukrainian Referendum on Independence attacked by the militia. A number of On December 1, 1991, just over community's growth over the past 100 Khmara's supporters were seriously 90 percent of Ukraine's citizens voted years, assessed its relations with the injured and hospitalized. to confirm the Declaration of Indepen- ancestral homeland and pondered The trial of Khmara and several dence. became the first coun- Ukraine's future development. The other co-defendants clearly depicted try to recognize Ukraine's indepen- centennial celebrations officially end- Soviet-style justice, which follows the dence; Canada became the second ed in Winnipeg in 1992. predetermined dictate of the people on December 2, 1991. Choices, Changes and Challenges who are in power. In 1991, the decision The UCCC stimulated and en- of the Court was predetermined and Ukrainian-Canadian Centennial couraged numerous centennial proj- the assailant KGB Colonel Hryhoriev It is against the backdrop of these ects, including the publication of books dominated the proceedings. It is im- events that Canadians celebrated the and the staging of plays, concerts, portant to note that when on August centennial of Ukrainian group settle- sporting events, children's competi- 26, 1991 Stepan Khmara was ordered ment in Canada. To mark the occa- tions and family reunions. Among the freed from prison, he refused to leave sion, in Canada, the Ukrainian Cana- projects proposed were the establish- and had to be carried out of prison on dian Congress, with the assistance of ment of a university based on a Cana- his supporters' shoulders, protesting the Federal Government, established dian model or a satellite of a Canadian that he did not wish to leave prison the Ukrainian Canadian Centennial university, the creation of a children's until his accusers were imprisoned in Commission (UCCC). The Commis- hospital with the possible support of his place for their real crimes. sion was given the mandate, with a Canadian or international charitable Following the dictates of those in budget of 1.5 million dollars, to pro- group with experience in the field, and power was, and continues to be, the mote the centennial celebrations with the creation of exchange programs for understanding of the Rule of Law in projects of significant and lasting val- university and high school students Ukraine, as was also aptly demon- ue. I was appointed Vice-President of between Canada and Ukraine. strated by the Constitutional Court of this national Commission. Of these three proposed major Ukraine in 2010 when, at the dictate of Centennial Celebrations projects, only the student exchange the government of President Yanuk- The celebrations organized by for university students was realized. hovych, it reversed its decision on an the UCCC began on August 29, 1991 Although the UCC Centennial Com- important issue of party membership in Edmonton, Alberta, with two days mission approved the idea, it did not and ability to switch parties. of events and concerts. At the official support the initiative with any funding. Declaration of Independence opening ceremonies, Governor-Gen- Convinced that a parliamenta- On August 24, 1991 the Parlia- eral Ray Hnatyshyn and Prime Minis- ry internship exchange would bene- ment of the Ukrainian SSR adopted ter Brian Mulroney paid tribute to the fit both countries, I embarked on fun- the Act of Declaration of the Indepen- leaders of the migration Ivan Pylypiw draising for the program from the dence of Ukraine. Though nominally and Vasyl Eleniak. Ukrainian community and get approv- Communist dominated, Parliament All speakers at the opening cer- al for an internship program from the proclaimed Ukraine an independent emonies praised Ukraine and its House of Commons and the Ukraini- democratic state. citizens for their historic act and the an Parliament. This was, after all, an As the next 20 years demonstrate, Prime Minster stated: "Today, Ukraine opportunity of a lifetime to assist the the state was only nominally demo- and the other republics of what was ancestral homeland and build bridges cratic and lacks many of the attributes once an empire, can chart their own between Canada and Ukraine in or- of democratic governance. In 1991 course to democracy and to freedom. der to share democratic traditions of Parliament nationalized all property Canada believes that the pace of governance and transparency in gov- of the former USSR and decreed that change in Ukraine will be established ernment, which were so lacking in the all Communist Party property was to by the Ukrainian people themselves. former Soviet Union. And Canada pledges to respect the  CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

The Idea of a parliamentary The St. Petersburg-born American American program was started by Program novelist Ayn Rand wrote: "ideas were Michigan Governor George Romney, The idea for such a student-ex- the only thing that truly mattered, both whose son Mitch sought the nomina- change program began to take shape in a person's life and in the course of tion of the Republican Party in the US during my meetings with Ukrainian history." Ideas are important to his- election of 2000. Members of Parliament who were torical memory as they can be learned Arrival members of the Communist Party, and borrowed by succeeding genera- The CUPP Program, originally with members of Rukh (People's tions. But in 1990, generating the idea called the Centennial Parliamentary Movement of Ukraine), Chief Judicial of an Internship for students was not Internship Program began in 1991 with Officials of Ukraine and Kyiv and while enough. It had to be established and the arrival of three university students witnessing a Soviet trial and observ- implemented; and so began the 20- from Kyiv & Lviv. ing the operation of the Rule of Law year course of the internship program Funding for the program has been and its understanding by lawyers and in the Canadian Parliament. provided substantially by 22 Canadian prosecutors as well as university pro- Centennial Parliamentary families. The first and most significant fessors of history, law and political sci- Internship Program donation was from the Mazurenko ence. It was obvious that all of these When I began negotiations with Family of Toronto. Vasyl Mazurenko individuals had been trained under the Speakers of both the Canadian had been my client and a devoted one system and understood demo- and Ukrainian Parliaments, the inten- Ukrainian patriot. Though I did not yet cratic governance, the Rule of Law tion was to mark the centennial cele- have the complete blueprint for the and the independence of the judiciary brations in a meaningful way, by hold- CUPP Program, Vasyl understood and more or less in the same way. ing a student exchange in our respec- believed that what I outlined to him Some, such as those who were tive parliaments. I did not immediately would be an important building block Rukh members, began to question foresee that there was a need for a once Ukraine emerged from under the practices, but even they did not longer-term program, to open the win- Russian domination. Before his death understand or know how Western de- dow of opportunity to a larger cohort of in 1990, he designated a quarter of a mocracy and civil society work. In the students. At its founding the program million dollars for the project. system they knew, decisions came was called the Centennial Program. This generous gift was placed into down from above and were executed But that soon changed. an endowment fund with Toronto's without much discussion. A good ex- Ukrainian Credit Unions and together ample of how little Ukrainian legisla- Approval with five additional substantial dona- tors have advanced in their under- Approval for the parliamentary in- tions formed a one-million-dollar per- standing of democratic governance ternship program in both Parliaments manent fund from which the interest was demonstrated this past April 27 came relatively easy. I had befriended would be used to fund the CUPP Pro- when Speaker of the Ukrainian Parlia- the Speaker of the Ukrainian Parlia- gram. ment Volodymyr Lytvyn opened the ment Ivan Pliushch during his visit to No definite term was envisaged session of Parliament without a quo- Toronto and Halifax in 1990 and during for the duration of the program. But rum and proceeded to vote on adopt- my trips on behalf of Amnesty Interna- the need to educate a new generation ing the Black Sea Accords (extension tional to Kyiv and persuaded him that was identified. The first three Ukrai- of the lease with Russia for another 24 an internship would benefit both of nian students came from universities years for the Sevastopol Base) with- our countries. While I did not person- in Kyiv and Lviv. Their Members of out any debate or discussion. Voting ally know the Canadian Speaker John Parliament were Alan Redway, Pro- for President Yanukhovych's deal with Fraser, through my work as Chairman gressive Conservative from Toronto; Russia were members of the Party of of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress's Jesse Flis, Liberal from Toronto; and Regions, who at the time of the vote Redress Committee, I befriended a Dr. Chris Axworthy, New Democratic were in Strasbourg, working number of Ministers of the govern- Party from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. to be elected Judges to the European ment and with their support Received Everything was a 'first' for the three Court of Human Rights. To his dismay, permission from the Speaker to allow interns. Canada, Canadians, the Dias- the star candidate of the Party of Re- Ukrainian students security access to pora, Parliament and the cities of Ot- gions was not elected. Parliament, as interns. tawa, Montreal and Toronto all made In other words, democracy, demo- Canadian and American Programs an impact on them. At the conclusion cratic governance, the Rule of Law, In 1990, there were two other in- of the session, the Canadian MPs parliamentary decorum, election pro- ternship programs for university stu- unanimously pronounced it a success. cedures were not going to be learned dents. The program for Canadian stu- Great effort was made to attract from the teachers and professors who dents, mainly from the University of three Canadian students for a return were themselves educated under the Ottawa and Carleton University and exchange internship in the Ukrainian Soviet communist system, in which the Canada-USA Program for stu- Parliament. But no Canadian student dictates came from . dents from American universities. The was prepared to miss or lose a se- CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER mester of their academic year and so tival as volunteers, at the Ottawa Food citizens who seek elected office need the second leg of the exchange was Bank and many other functions. to know and learn first-hand – not postponed. Finally in 2010, the first CUPP's annual reception at the from a manual or a one-week seminar Canadian student has applied and Ukrainian Embassy is attended by – democratic governance as practised has been accepted for the CUPP Pro- Canadian MPs and Senators, giving in the West. They need to be able to gram. But he will carry out his intern- them an opportunity that they would understand the importance of and to ship in Canada's Parliament. No stu- not otherwise have to meet embassy defend democratic institutions such dent, as yet, has been prepared to do staff. as freedom of speech, of the press, of an internship in the Ukrainian Parlia- The Ukrainian students, by their religion and of ownership. They need ment. active participation in legislative mat- to defend an impartial police force and In the succeeding years, the Ca- ters, such as the recently announced independent judiciary and court sys- nadian half of the internship program proposal for a Free Trade Agreement tem. They must learn the lessons of grew rapidly. In some years there was between Canada and Ukraine, dem- over eight centuries of evolution in le- a Spring and Fall Program to corre- onstrate their level of maturity and gal culture and political culture as my spond with the Spring and Fall sitting understanding of good communica- colleague Bohdan Vitvitsky wrote. But of Parliament. In the late 1990s, the tion. They act immediately to support they do not need to repeat the mis- number of applicants from Ukraine any pro-Ukraine initiative with their takes nor take as long. reached over 7,000 per year. We own research and enthusiasm. The The last 20 years of Ukraine's his- could accept a maximum of only 52 Ukrainian-Canadian community could tory have demonstrated that democ- students per year. not ask for better lobbyists than these racy takes time. Through the educa- In 1994, the interns began to pub- bright university students who, while tion of a new generation of Ukrainians, lish their own Newsletter, which in the in Parliament, interact with MPs, ex- Ukraine will produce leaders who can last seven years has turned out a pub- ecutive assistants, leaders of Parties assume the stewardship of govern- lication of between 60 to 90 pages, and the Prime Minister's Office. ment and govern with the best inter- filled with experiences, comparisons After 20 years in Parliament, the ests of the people and the country. and critiques. need to continue the CUPP Program CUPP has sent back to Ukraine a The Newsletters are distributed in is unequivocal. Resources must be small group of apostles of Canadian Parliament and among Canadians who found to continue CUPP for another democracy. But they need more con- are interested in the CUPP Program. 20 years. Regretfully, the lessons of verts and supporters. Canada can pro- Value of an International Internship eight centuries of development of An- vide these cadres through programs The last time Parliament's Com- glo-American governance cannot be such as CUPP. In this area, Canada mittee on Foreign Aid met to deter- learned in two decades. In December can play an important and deciding mine which countries would remain on 2009, Benita Ferrero-Waldner, the out- historical role through the continuation the list for Canada's foreign aid, over going External Relations Commission- of the Canada Ukraine Parliamentary half of the members of that committee er of the EU said: "societal changes Program. in their opening statements declared take generations." To make changes, that they were members of the CUPP Club as they had hosted a Ukrainian Intern in their office, and that they un- derstood the needs of Ukraine. Fol- lowing the vote, only one European country remained on the list eligible for aid and technical support – Ukraine. Many MPs invite their student interns to their constituency offices to observe the operation of the office and give the students an opportunity to observe how the first-past-the-post electoral system works and how each MP re- sponds directly to the concerns of the citizens. The Ukrainian interns make their presence felt during their time on Par- liament Hill by holding meetings, at- tending Committee Hearings, party functions, the Prime Minister's garden party, working at the annual Tulip Fes- Andriy Oleniuk, Chair; Bohdan Vitvitsky, New York, Speaker.  CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

"And Here We Are..."

Olha SOROKIVSKA Lviv Polytechnic National University (Lviv Polytechnic) 2010 Senator Paul Yuzyk Scholarship Intern to Bonnie Crombie, M.P., Ontario

Each day brings new opportuni- Foundation of Toronto is the orga- ties and the choice to recognize and nization under whose auspices the seize them. We strive for achieve- CUPP Program is now in its twentieth Model of Ukraine. The Confertrence ments as there is no limit on success. year of operation. Finally, during the will deal with the State/Governance, In Ukraine there are many talented final stage a decision was made and electoral system, integration into the young people who strive to improve the successful applicants were identi- Euro-Atlantic Community and rela- life in their homeland and contribute fied. But the assignments continued tions with the EU, the USA and Rus- to its future. This year 28 students and the successful applicants had to sia. Also, if organized, one of the more representing 15 Ukrainian cities and 1 complete additional projects and as- novel events will be a soccer match student from Toronto have been giv- signments. In addition to basic selec- between the teams of 2010 interns en the privilege to exploit one such tion criteria, e.g., academic excellence and their old 'rivals' Members of the unique opportunity. These students and proficiency in Ukrainian, English Canadian Parliament – 'The Common- were selected to participate in the or French, successful applicants were ers". 2010 Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary also expected to demonstrate leader- In order to achieve the aforemen- Program, an internship program that ship and volunteer achievements, re- tioned goals, students who represent provides an opportunity to work inside search skills and to display national almost every Ukrainian region were a government and possible career consciousness and understanding of selected for the internship this year. prospects for young and talented in- the key geopolitical issues. Our group of Ukrainian student am- dividuals. What is even more impor- I am confident that each success- bassadors will include students from tant, the Program builds confidence ful candidate after receiving the noti- Lviv in the west, to Kharkiv in the east, in Ukraine's future while teaching fication of "Welcome to CUPP 2010" from Yalta in the south, to Kyiv in the students that it is up to us to create was over the moon. That's because north. the new vision and model and way of CUPP is a lifetime opportunity to ex- Also, for the first time in years thinking, free of the failed Soviet leg- plore a western democracy and do an there is a Canadian intern of Ukrainian acy. internship in the Canadian Parliament. origin taking part in the internship pro- In order to participate in the Pro- Many CUPP Alumni consider the Pro- gram – Daniel Bazylewych – who has gram, the students had to undergo a gram to be a turning point in their lives recently obtained his Bachelor degree challenging selection procedure and and I am sure that 2010 CUPP will in Public Policy from York University, only a few of the initial hundreds of fundamentally challenge much of our Toronto. Despite the fact that he has applicants, will get a chance to experi- preconceived notions about western not visited Ukraine, nor speaks fluent ence and appreciate its opportunities. society.. Ukrainian, Daniel is involved in the The selection procedure comprises of CUPP's 20th jubilee program will Ukrainian community of Toronto: «Two 2 major stages. The first stage included provide students with many opportu- years after I began learning the Ukrai- an online application and preparation nities to develop both professionally nian language, I had already made a of various assignments on several so- and personally. This year the interns few friends and decided that I wanted cio-political issues. Following the initial are expected to accomplish a lot dur- to play a fundamental role in creating stage, there followed a Final Selection ing their stay in Ottawa. Among other an environment that would allow Ukrai- Meeting in Kyiv, where the applicants things, interns will working in the of- nians to get together. I ran for Vice- were examined on their knowledge of fices of Canadian MPs and Senators, Presidency at the Ukrainian Student's English or French and Ukrainian, and and participate in the Ottawa 'MOD- Club of York University and won». By were interviewed by the representa- ERL UKRAINE' Conference. This will and large, Daniel owes his commit- tives of the CUPP Selection Commit- be the second in a series of three ment to Ukrainian issues to his late tee. The Chair of Ukrainian Studies conferences to develop a sustainable grandparents William and Antonina

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Bazylewych: «They did plant a seed in in Kyiv (Institut Franзais d'Ukraine) is gifted in some way. For example, me that I believe is beginning to grow and worked for the French Embassy Solomia Borshosh plays , and bear fruits that will be beneficial in Ukraine having gained challenging Nadia Fedoriv and Lilia Ibadova do for the Ukrainian community». They multicultural experience. Iryna has embroidery. Bohdan Kushpler likes themselves helped their compatriots been also involved with the activities Christian teachings and music com- in Canada and as well to the young of the University Students' Council posing. Other male interns, such as generation of Independent Ukraine, while being a student. She speaks Andrii Kril, Vladyslav Vlasov and Ivan having made a generous contribution French and English fluently and en- Matveichenko play the guitar, while Il- to CUPP. As Daniel says, his grand- joys folk dances. lia Filatov picked harmonica for music parents did so recognizing potential in Also, I would like to provide you trainings. Stanislava Tsarkova, Svitla- their ancestral country, knowing that with some interesting facts with re- na Samoilina and Iryna Krutenko enjoy investing in youth is an investment in spect to other 2010 CUPP interns. dancing. Ayshe Memetova practices the future, which will undoubtedly lead Mykhaylo Palahitskyi is currently yoga and origami. to a more prosperous Ukrainian state studying at the University of Vienna. It is obvious, that this program will and preservation of its culture. In 2006 he entered the Kyiv-Mohyla provide each individual with the posi- Each year the most prominent Academy, Department of History. A tive impressions and challenging ‘food CUPP interns are asked to become year ago, he transferred to the Aus- for thought'. As CUPP Director Mr. CUPP coordinators in the upcoming trian institution, where, in addition to Bardyn believes, its main objective year. This year the Program is coor- Alpine and East-European history, he is to educate a new Ukrainian elite: dinated by three CUPP Alumni: Olek- focuses on International Development. «There is a strong chance that every sandr Pankiv, Evhenia Viatchaninova This was Mykhailo's motivation to graduate of the CUPP Program will and Iryna Krasnoshtan. Oleksandr is transfer to Austria: «Studying abroad contribute significantly to the success- an LL.M. student at Boston University is not only about studying a subject, ful democratic development of Ukraine School of Law, he specializes in inter- but it is also a unique opportunity to and its society. The first Ukrainians national business practice and regula- learn foreign languages, to acquired brought seeds of wheat to Saskatch- tion of the securities markets. In addi- cultural competence and global think- ewan more than 100 years ago. The tion to this, Oleksandr interns with the ing…Since Austria is a brigde between reciprocal gift of Canada will be to community organization in Boston, MA Western and Eastern Europe and has witness the blossoming of the Cana- while helping the community to avoid a long historical tradition to my native dian seeds of good government taking foreclosure and preserve their house- Halychyna region, it makes this coun- root and seeing democratic changes holds throughout the period of global try attractive for studying». which were planted in the minds of financial crises. Evhenia is a senior Another intern Bohdan Bolonnyi the Interns in Canada, germinate in journalism student at University of is pursuing his LL.M at Queen Mary Ukraine». Kyiv who has some unique academic University in London revealed that Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, and professional experience, includ- this was his third time of applying for here we are: students of today and ing a study abroad program in Mass CUPP. The last two seemed to be potential leaders of tomorrow – looking Communication and Journalism at successful, but education abroad was forward to our Fall internship in the Fairfield University, USA, freelance of a bigger priority to the student at year of CUPP's 20th jubilee! position for Radio Liberty, Inc. and the time: «I always wanted to obtain management of a few grant projects, my masters in law degree from one of the most notable of which lies in cre- the Western universities and soon my ation of the audio books for the blind. dream came true. Through tough com- In 2010 Evhenia, along with Iryna petition I was offered a place at one Krasnoshtan, was awarded a Hry- of the top ten law schools in the UK, horiy Skovoroda Scholarship, funded as one of out of eight Ukrainians who by Katedra Foundation, to attend the were offered a Chevening scholarship first of the three 'Model Ukraine' con- in 2009». Bohdan and other intern Illia ferences held in Washington, D.C. in Symonenko are active members of the February 2010. Iryna graduated with European Youth Parliament-Ukraine. her Master degree in Linguistics from In addition, Bohdan is a member of Kyiv Polytechnic University. She was the Debate Academy. L to R: Andriy Oleniuk, Chair, intern with the French Cultural Center Each intern is all-arounder and Andriy Semotiuk, Los Angeles, speaker.  CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP CUPP Interns

Daniel BAZYLEWYCH Solomiia BOBROVSKA Born in: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Born in: Rivne York University was was established in 1959. University of Lviv ( National University of Specialized Honours in Public Policy and Administration, Lviv was established in 1661). Faculty of Philosophy final year. Motto of University: PATRIAE DECORI CIVIBUS Motto of University: "Tentanda Via," "The way must be EDUCANDIS – "For the Education of citizens, for the tried," "Ouvrir des voies nouvelles," "Подолати цей шлях." adornment of the Homeland – Для освіти громадян, на Foreign languages: I speak English, Ukrainian at a славу Батьківщини" beginner level, and am currently learning French through Foreign languages: English, German, Polish, Russian Pimsleur's "Teach Yourself French" program. 2010 Dr. Maria Fischer Slysh Scholarship recipient 2010 Anne Mazurenko Scholarship recipient. Intern to Hon. Heddy Fry, M.P., British Columbia Outstanding landmark or architecture in Canada: Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: One of my favourite places to be around in Toronto is Small towns sometimes impress by their rich history. Such near the CN Tower, which became open to the public in is the town of Ostroh in (province or canton). 1976. It is the largest free-standing building in the western Ostroh is considered to be the cradle of education and world standing at a height of 553.3 meters. An attractive enlightenment in Ukraine. It is here that the first complete feature of the CN Tower in the summer is that it is close edition of the Bible in Old Church Slavonic was printed; it is to: Lakeshore's biking paths, tennis courts, skating arenas, here that the powerful , which had given and in the vicinity of the Art Gallery of Ontario in the heart many famous names to the world, was established in 1576. of downtown. In 2007, the and the Ostroh Academy were Last book read: The Economic Hitman by John Perkins. listed among Ukraine's new wonders. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Ostroh was the patrimonial estate of the Ostrozky dukes Pavlyshyn, Marko. "Thaws, Literature and the Nationalities for almost 300 years, first mentioned in the Ipatievsky Discussion in Ukraine: The Prose of Valerii Shevchuk." chronicle in 1100, is rich in medieval monuments. One Glasnost in Context: Recurrences in Central and of the most important is the Duke's castle. There is the East European Literatures and Cultures. Ed. Marko ancient 15th century Bohoyavlenska Church on the territory Pavlyshyn. New York: Berg, 1990. P 59. of the castle, and the Museum of Regional Ethnography is "As the degradation of the natural environment is a tragedy located in the Vezha Murovana (the Guard Tower). for humankind...so too is the disappearance of any product The castle was built in the 14th c at the site of the Kyivan of the human spirit, not to mention a culture or a language". Rus fortress. The stronghold stands on a small hill and is Favourite quote by foreign author: surrounded by the Horyn river. The Guard Tower was at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (I cannot find the source but I first a dungeon. It was the first defensive building built believe it is from one of his speeches). of stone on the castle's hill. The Bohoyavlenska Church "When we look at modern man we have to face the fact is the link between the Ancient Rus sacral architecture that modern man suffers from a kind of poverty of the and of 16th-17th cc. There are no spirit, which stands in glaring contrast to his scientific and exact data about the time of erection of this church. On technological abundance, we've learned to fly the air like the north wall of the building one can see the inscription birds, we've learned to swim the seas like fish, and yet we "1521". Some historians think it is the date of church's haven’t learned to walk the earth as brothers and sisters." reconstruction, other believe it was built in 1521.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM  20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Last book read: The Prince by N. Machiavelli Борітеся – поборете, Вам бог помагає! (Тарас Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Шевченко) "Мамо, Keep striving-you will succeed, God, helps all! (Taras перейдіть мені дорогу з повними відрами, Shevchenko) я рушаю на пошуки долі Favourite quote by foreign author: доля, "We must become the change we want to see." – Mahatma з відрами повними сліз, Gandhi перейшла дорогу моєму народові" (Олександр Чекмишев) Favourite quote by foreign author: "Democracy is a form of government that substitutes election by the incompetent many for appointment by the corrupt few." (George Bernard Shaw)

Solomiya BORSHOSH Born in Lviv, Ukraine. Hometown: Lviv University of Lviv (Ivan Franko National University of Lviv was established in 1661) Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Law, 5th year student, expect to graduate in 2011 Bohdan BOLONNYY Motto of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv: Born in: Drohobych, L'vivs'ka oblast', Ukraine Patriae decori civibus educandis / Для освіти громадян, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs was на славу Батьківщини / For the education of citizens, for established in 1992. Special Department. the adornment of the homeland Queen Mary University of London was established in Foreign languages: English, German, Polish, Russian 1785. School of Law I am a bandura player with the Cheremshyna Ensemble of Motto of University: Lviv. Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs: 'Знання, 2010 William Chewchuk Scholarship recipient Закон, Честь', 'Knowledge, Law, Honor' Intern to Peter Goldring, M.P., Alberta Queen Mary University of London: 'Coniunctis Viribus', Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The 'With United Powers', 'Спільними зусиллями' Boim Chapel family (Ukrainian: Каплиця Боїмів) is a small Foreign languages: English, Polish, German shrine in Lviv, located just outside the Latin Cathedral. It 2010 Humeniuk Family Scholarship recipient was built between 1609 and 1615, the chapel was originally Intern to Maria Minna, M.P., Ontario located in what used to be the city's main cemetery. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Founded by enterprising merchants, Jerzy Boim and his My birth town Drohobych has one of the priceless wife Jadwiga Nizniowska, the Boim chapel was finished architectural treasures of Ukraine. St. George's Church by their son, Pawel Jerzy Boim. I admire specifically the is one of the oldest and best preserved timber churches Statue of Jesus Christ which is on the top the chapel – as dating back to 15th century. It was built of wood, without if alive the Son of God oversees us. single nail. This church was burned during the first Last book read: Perspectives on Strategy from The Boston and second Tatar invasion in 1499 and 1624 and rebuilt Consulting Group (Carl Stern, George Stalk Jr.) afterwards. It has beautiful iconostasis from 1659-1666 Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Хто звивається and precious paintings. черв'яком, той не має права скаржитись, що його Last book read: 'Rich Dad Poor Dad' – Robert Toru топчуть (Ольга Кобилянська). Kiyosaki Favourite quote by foreign author: Only the heart sees Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: everything! (Antoine de Saint-Exupery) 10 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Favourite quote by foreign author: "Men are not prisoners of fate, but only prisoners of their own minds. ...There is nothing to fear but fear itself." "There are many ways of going forward, but only one way of standing still... One thing is sure. We have to do something. We have to do the best we know how at the moment. If it doesn't turn out right, we can modify it as we go along", by Franklin D. Roosvelt.

Nadiya FEDORIV Born in: Yalta, Ukraine National Law Academy of Ukraine in Kharkiv was established in 1804. Faculty of Jurisprudence, graduated in 2009 Motto of the Academy: Vivat Lex! Long Live the Law! Foreign languages: English, Russian; German (basics) 2010 John Sopinka Scholarship recipient Intern to Mark Warawa, M.P., British Columbia Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The memorial complex to the victims of the Holodomor in Ukraine was unveiled to the public on November 22nd, 2008 in Kyiv's «Park of Glory». The author of the memorial is Anatolij Hajdamaka. My choice is based on my visit to the memorial and the impact and impressions which I Illia FILATOV took away from the visit, during the CUPP Final Selection Born in Simferopol Meeting at the Canadian Embassy in November 2009. Volodymyr Vernadsky National Tavrida University was The centre of the memorial depicts «The Candle to established in 1918. Faculty of Law Memory» – a 32 meter high concrete chapel in the form of Motto of University: "Nosce te ipsum" "Know oneself" a white candle. It is impressive. Even the smallest detail Foreign languages: English, Russian of the design symbolizes aspects of the Holodomor. 2010 Antin Hlynka Scholarship recipient The facets of the candle are decorated with an ornament of Intern to Ed Komarnicki, M.P., Saskatchewan windows that reminds one of Ukrainian embroidery. These Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The carved windows-crosses symbolize the souls of innocent Vorontsov Palace is a historic palace located in Alupka, Ukrainians who died during this genocide. At the foot of Crimea. It was constructed between 1830-1848 according the candle there are four crosses – protruding like the to the design of English architect Edward Blore. Although blades of a windmill. built mainly in the English style, some eastern elements In general each cross is meant to represent periods of can be seen in the palace. For instance, the Gothic style famines, 1921 to 1922, 1932 to 1933, 1946 to 1947. The chimney stacks are reminiscent of Islamic minarets. An fourth cross is dedicated to the entire series of sufferings. important architectural characteristic of the palace was its These crosses are decorated with the golden figures of relation to the nearby Crimean Mountains, with which it cranes. They are imprisoned in chains, but one of them harmonized perfectly. managed to break away – a symbol of the Ukrainian Last book read: "The Master and Margarita" by Mikhail nation's rebirth. Bulgakov Last book read: «Sad Hetsymanskyi» (the Hetsyman Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "З усіх утрат, втрата Garden) by Ivan Bahrianyi. часу найтяжча" (Hryhorii Skovoroda). Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: «...Hoping for the "Бережіть собори ваших душ" (Oles Honchar). consolidation is not worthy until we distinguish a nation and Favourite quote by foreign author: "The greatest use of its enemies. ...The price for the freedom is indefiniteness, life is to spend it for something that will outlast it" (William and resposibility is the price for the right of choice». «We James). don't like our authority, because it is not ours». by Victor Radionov (born in 1966) Ukrainian public figure, a writer of a political essays. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 11 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

mermaids and other bizarre creatures, perching on the roof and crawling on the walls. These were made by the sculptor Elio Saal according to Horodetskyi's sketches. The entire architectural composition is captivating to the onlooker with its striking perfection, while seeming to invite the viewer into the world of fantasy. The building sits on the slope of a hill and that is why on one side it has three stories and on the other – six. It is an eclectic mixture of several architectural styles but the general impression it creates is that of a fairy-tale creation in an otherwise pedestrian architectural setting. Maryna IAROSHEVYCH The "house with chimeras" is situated right opposite the Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine pompous building of the presidential administration and is Kyiv Institute for the Humanities was established in used for state receptions. 1994. Motto of University: «Честь, мудрість, гідність», «Honor, wisdom, dignity» Foreign languages: English, German, French, Spanish 2010 Senator Raynell Andreychuk Scholarship recipient Last book read: "No One Writes to the Colonel" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez Favourite book: "Humbled and Aggrieved" by Fyodor Dostoevsky Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: ...Ти на землі – людина, І хочеш того чи ні – Усмішка твоя – єдина, Мука твоя – єдина, Очі твої – одні. Liliia IBADOVA – Василь Симоненко Born in: Kharkiv, Ukraine Кожен з нас живе в віках, бо ми, перш за все, – ідеї. Yaroslav the Wise National Law Academy of Ukraine – Микола Кулiш was established in 1804. Favourite quote by foreign author: Faculty of Training of Lawyers for the Ministry of Foreign "Whether you think that you can, or that you can't, you are Affairs of Ukraine usually right." Motto of the Academy: Vivat Lex! Хай живе закон! Long – Henry Ford live the law! "Not everything that can be counted counts, and not Foreign languages: Russian, English, German, French, everything that counts can be counted." Spanish, Polish – Albert Einstein 2010 John and Myroslava Yaremko Scholarship Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: recipient House with chimeras Intern to Rick Dykstra, M.P., Ontario This building located in a picturesque part of the city Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: centre is definitely among the most interesting in Kyiv. It Monument to in Kharkiv (finished was designed and built by architect Vladyslav Horodetskyi in 1935, authors: M. H. Manizer, I. H. Langbard). The in the Modernist style in 1902-1903, for his family. The monument is considered to be the best in the world owner of one of the first cement companies in Kyiv asked dedicated to the greatest poet of Ukraine, Taras Horodetskyi to convince the public that cement is a more Shevchenko. He was born a serf, but through dedication reliable and firm material than lime. For promotional to studies and intellectual scholarly development became purposes of cement products, the owner supplied the founder of modern Ukrainian literature, and the leading Horodetskyi with cement for the building for free. advocate for national independence and human rights. The front and the roof of the building are decorated The monument is crowned by the bronze sculpture of with statues of sea and land monsters, fabulous beasts, the poet, known as the Kobzar. It is full of dynamics and sense. Sixteen figures representing heroes of 12 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Shevchenko's literary verses and symbolizing the history Last book read: "The Picture of Dorian Gray" by Oscar of the Ukrainian people are mounted on the helical Wilde projections interlacing the platform of the monument. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: «Ящірка не гірше за Today one cannot imagine Kharkiv without the орла досягає найвищих гірських верховин» (Довженко) Shevchenko monument. This monument is inseparable Favourite quote by foreign author: "Ambition is the germ from the city's architectural integrity and treasures.. from which all growth of nobleness proceeds". (Oscar Last book read: Paulo Coelho "O Alquimista" Wilde) Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: «Сміливі завжди мають щастя» – Іван Багряний, «Тигролови» ("Brave people always have happiness" by Ivan Bahrianyi, "Tiger Hunters") Favourite quote by foreign author: "Kindness is a language that a deaf can hear and a blind can see." Mark Twain

Iryna KRASNOSHTAN Born in Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine Kyiv Polytechnic University (National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" was established in 1898) Faculty of Linguistics, graduated with Master's degree in Kyrylo KORZH 2010 Born in Zaporizhia Foreign languages: English, French, Russian, Spanish Zaporizhia Institute of Economics and Information 2009 Senator Raynell Andreychuk Scholarship recipient Technologies was established in 1994. Faculty of CUPP 2009 Intern to Pierre Lemieux MP, Glengarry- Translation Prescott-Russell, Ontario Motto of University: "Tantum possumus, quantum scimus" 2010 John and Julia Stashuk Scholarship recipient (Latin). Ми стільки можемо скільки знаємо. We can do CUPP 2010 Coordinator as much as we know. Intern to Claude Gravelle, M.P., Ontario Foreign languages: English, German, Spanish Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: 2010 Dopomoha Ukraini Foundation Scholarship Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle which is one of the Seven recipient Wonders of Ukraine. The castle is situated on a peninsula Intern to Borys Wrzesnewskyj, M.P., Ontario surrounded by the winding Smotrych River valley, forming Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: a natural defense system for the castle. Having a history is the largest island in the Dnipro River. The spanning more than seven centuries, historical accounts island was located on the route from the Varangians to the date the Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle back to the early Greeks and was first mentioned as St.Gregory's Island in 14th century, although recent archaeological evidence the mid-10th century by Constantine Vll Porphyrogenitus dates human existence in the area to around the 12-13th in his De-administrando imperio. The island has played centuries. Located on a strategic transportation route an important role in the history of Ukraine, especially in in the historical Podillya region, the castle was a prime the history of Zaporizhian Kozaks, who built one of their spot for foreign invaders, who transformed the castle fortresses on the island. Khortytsia is located within the to fit their needs, thereby adding onto its multicultural city limits of Zaporizhia. It extends from the northwest architectural diversity. In spite of the many architectural to the southeast for more than 12 km, with an average and engineering changes to the castle complex, the width of around 2.5 km. The island has unique flora and Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle is still considered as a single fauna, including oak groves, spruce woods, meadows, and architectural whole. The most recognized landmark of the steppe.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 13 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER city of Kamianets-Podilskyi, the castle is a large tourist attraction. Last book read: "Nineteen Eighty-Four" by George Orwell Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Щасливий я, що лічив у тобі зорі на перекинутому небі, що й досі, дивлячись униз, не втратив щастя бачити оті зорі навіть у буденних калюжах на життєвих шляхах. Олександр Довженко "Зачарована Десна" (Je suis heureux d'avoir compté tes étoiles sur le ciel renversé, et en regardant en bas, de ne pas avoir perdu jusqu'ici le bonheur de voir ces étoiles dans les flaques d'eau quotidiennes sur les chemins de la vie.) Andrii KRIL Favourite quote by foreign author: Live as if you were to Born in: Ivano-Frankivsk die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. (Живи National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was так, ніби маєш померти завтра, учись так, ніби маєш established in 1615. Faculty of Law, 3rd year жити вічно.) Mahatma Gandhi Motto of University: Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna (Lat). – Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська академія вічна. – Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. Foreign languages: English, Russian, Polish, German 2010 Ramon Hnatyshyn Scholarship recipient Intern to Laurie Hawn, M.P., Alberta Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: parental house; my dad and I spent quite a lot of time building and improving it, and that is a place where I have spent most of my childhood. In my mind, there is no other place in Ukraine or anywhere else more outstanding and significant than it. Last book read: Thomas L. Friedman, "Lexus and the Olive Tree". Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: А все залежить від людських зіниць. В широких – відіб'ється вся епоха. У Anton KRASUN звужених - збіговисько дрібниць (Ліна Костенко). Born in Truskavets, Ukraine. Hometown: Lviv, Ukraine. Favourite quote by foreign author: Believe those who are Lviv Polytechnic (Lviv Polytechnic National University seeking the truth. Doubt those who find it (Andr Gide). was established in 1844). Institute of the Humanities é and Social Sciences. Department of Sociology and Social Work. 4th year student, expected to graduate in 2010. Motto of Lviv Polytechnic: Litteris et Artibus. – Науками й мистецтвом. Through the Sciences and the Arts Foreign languages: English, Polish, Russian 2010 Josef and Maria Siecinsky Scholarship recipient Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The Lviv National Theatre of Opera and Ballet, built in 1900 as an opera house in Lviv, by the architect Zenon Gorgolewski. Last book read: Maurice Halbwachs, "The Social Frameworks of Collective Memory". Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "It is never too late to study, but it may be late to learn" by Leonid Sukhorukov. Iryna KRUTENKO Favourite quote by foreign author: "Ducit amor patriae" Born in: Cherkasy (The love of country guides me). National University at Cherkasy was established in 1921. Institute of Foreign Languages. Motto of University: NOSCE SAPIENTIAM (Discover

14 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP wisdom, Пізнай мудрість). St. George's Cathedral was built between 1744-1760 Foreign languages: studying French, German, Japanese in baroque-rococo architectural style with elements of 2010 Yuriy and Oksana Fedyna Scholarship recipient classical style. The architect of the Cathedral was B. Intern to Patrick Brown, M.P., Ontario Meretyn, sculptor – I. Pinsel. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Last book read: Jean-Paul Sartre "The Roads to Freedom", St. Michael's Cathedral is located in the heart of Eckhart Tolle "The Power of Now". Cherkasy. It is 72 meters high making it the tallest Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Bizarre is our folk – Orthodox Cathedral in Ukraine. It was built between 1994- strong and sad... had its heroes – and nobody knew them... 2000 in the Byzantine style and consecrated in 2002. It has loved freedom for the whole life – and lived all its life as a a capacity of hosting up to 12 thousand parishioners at a slave... Created richness of the song – and does not know time. it (song) himself" – Volodymyr Vynnychenko. "Russian Last book read: J. S. Foer "Extremely Loud and Incredibly democracy ends, where Ukrainian question begins..." Close". – Volodymyr Vynnychenko. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Favourite quote by foreign author: "There are two kinds "There is nothing worse than unlimited power in the hands of people: those who say to God, "Thy will be done," and of a limited person." V. Symonenko those to whom God says, "All right, then, have it your way." "A real journey doesn't need a goal." S. Zhadan C.S. Lewis Favourite quote by foreign author: "Humans are the only animal that blushes, laughs, has religion, wages war, and kisses with lips. So in a way, the more you kiss with lips, the more human you are." J.S. Foer "Every moment before this one depends on this one." J.S. Foer

Kateryna LYSENKO Born in: Sevastopol, Ukraine Sevastopol National Technical University was established in 1963. Faculty of Economics and Management. Bohdan KUSHPLER Foreign languages: English, French, Russian, Spanish Born in: Lviv 2010 Michael Starr Scholarship recipient National University of Lviv Polytechnic was established Intern to Hon. Dan McTeague, M.P., Ontario in 1844. Faculty of Economics and Management Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Motto of University: Litteris et artibus. – Through the Chersonesos (Ukrainian: Херсонес) was an ancient Sciences and Arts. – "Науками й Мистецтвом". Greek colony founded approximately 2500 years ago in Foreign languages: English, German, Polish, Russian the south-western part of Crimea by settlers from Heraclea 2010 Emil Telizyn Scholarship recipient Pontica. The buildings mix influences of Greek, Roman Intern to Stephen Woodworth, M.P., Ontario and Byzantine culture. The defensive wall is hundreds Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: of meters long. Buildings include a Roman amphitheatre St. George's Cathedral, Lviv. St. George's Cathedral and a Greek temple. In 2007 Chersonesos tied for fifth in holds afluencial position in Ukrainian religious and cultural the poll. Today Chersonesos' affairs. It is the main sanctuary of the Ukrainian Greek- ancient ruins are a popular tourist attraction, protected by Catholic Church, and the Act of Consolidation of the Lviv the state as an archaeological park. archeparchy with the Holy See was proclaimed here. Last book read: "Arch of Triumph", Erich Maria Remarque

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 15 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Без бажання все важке, навіть найлегше" (Григорій Сковорода). Favourite quote by foreign author: "Be civil to all; sociable to many; familiar with few; friend to one; enemy to none." (Benjamin Franklin)

Yurii MEDENTSII Born in: Uzhorod, Ukraine. Hometown: Uzhorod. Uzhorod National University was established in 1945. Faculty of International Relations. Motto of University: «Більше знаємо – більше можемо». «The more we know the more we can». Foreign languages: English, German, Hungarian (basic), Russian, Slovak. Ivan MATVEICHENKO 2010 Josef and Maria Siecinsky Family Scholarship Born in: Sovetskiy, Ukraine. Hometown: Sevastopol. recipient Sevastopol National Technical University was Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: established in 1963. Faculty of Economics and fortress, village of Khotyn, Chernivetska oblast. First th Management. constructed from wood in 9 century. Later rebuilt several Foreign languages: English, Russian times obtaining modern look. This was one of the major 2010 Malanchuk Family Scholarship recipient fortifications of the Prydnistrovia region. A very well Intern to Sukh Dhaliwal, M.P., British Columbia preserved fortress. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Last book read: Comparative politics by Charles Hauss. The Monument to the Scuttled Ships is the emblem of Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Є незмінна земля, і Sevastopol, its visiting card. The monument erected in the усе на ній – зміна невпинна. Олег Ольжич. main bay is devoted to the sailing vessels sunk in the bay Favourite quote by foreign author: If you tell the truth, you in September 1854 and February 1855 during the Crimean don't have to remember anything. Mark Twain War. Such a difficult outcome for the sailors and such an unexpected one for the enemy prevented the more powerful Allied British and French Navy from entering Sevastopol Bay. After that the enemy had to besiege the city for a long time. The monument is 16.66 m in height and is situated on the artificial rock in the water, not far offshore.. The pillar of the Corinthian order rises above the sea. A bronze eagle with extended wings sits on the top of it. The eagle holds a wreath of laurel in its beak. Last book read: "Asset Allocation" by Roger C. Gibson. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: У всякого своя доля І свій шлях широкий... © Тарас Шевченко. For each his own destiny and wide pathway – Taras Shevchenko. Favourite quote by foreign author: Займає 20 років щоб заробити собі репутацію та п'ять хвилин щоб її Aishe MEMETOVA зруйнувати. Коли починаєш думати про це, робиш Born in: Chirchiq, Uzbekistan. Hometown: Simferopol, речі інакше Уорен Бафет. – It takes 20 years to build a Ukraine. reputation and five minutes to ruin it. If you think about National University of «Kyiv-Mohyla Academy» was that, you'll do things differently. Warren Buffett established in 1615. Faculty of Jurisprudence.

16 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Motto of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy: Tempus fugit, Academia History. sempiterna. – Час плинний, Академія вічна. – Time Motto of Kyiv-Mohyla University: "Time passes. Kyiv- passes, Kyiv-Mohyla Academy remains eternal. – Die Zeit Mohyla Academy remains eternal." geht vorbei, aber die Kiewer-Mogila Akademie ist für ewige Foreign languages: English, French, German, Polish, Zeiten. Russian Foreign languages: Chinese, German, Russian 2010 Christina Bardyn Scholarship recipient 2010 Walter Surma Tarnopolsky Scholarship recipient Intern to Gerald Kennedy, M.P., Nova Scotia Intern to Hon. Scott Brison, M.P., Nova Scotia Landmark: Rynok Square or Market Square (own picture) Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: is the historical heart of the city of Lviv. The square was Bakhchisaray Palace (Palace of Crimean Khans) located planned in the second half of the 14th century and has in the town of Bakhchisaray (Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine; 44 houses at its perimeter, which represent architectural original spelling Baрзasaray) was founded in 1532 as the styles from Renaissance to Modernism. In the four main patrimonial residence of the Giray dynasty which corners, there are fountains from the early 19th century. ruled the Crimean Khanate between 1441-1783. During The sculptures represent mythological figures, such as about 250 years (till 1783) the Bakhchisaray Palace was Neptune, Diana, Amphitrite (on the picture) and Adonis. the center of the political, spiritual and cultural life of the Today Rynok Square is recognized state of the Crimean Tatars. The Bakhchisaray Palace is as a UNESCO world heritage site. the major historical monument of the epoch of the Crimean Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko Khanate, the only remaining example of Crimean Tatar belongs to famous alumni of the palace architecture. Finally, alongside with Alhambra and University of Vienna, where I am Top Kapi palaces ( and Turkey), it is one of the three currently studying. A roll of honour unique palaces representing the civilizational circle of the at the Department of German Middle East in Europe. language reminds visitors and Last book read: Orhan Pamuk "Museum of Innocence". students of Ivan Franko and his Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Seek to the top, you studies in Vienna in 1892/93. will get the midst. – Бери вершину і матимеш середину. Last book read: Jean-Dominique (Г. Сковорода). Bauby «Schmetterling und Favourite quote by foreign author: Life is far too important Taucherglocke» (Le scaphandre et a thing ever to talk seriously about. (Oscar Wilde) le papillion). Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Не розум вiд книг, а книги вiд розуму створилися. (Григорій Сковорода). Favourite quote by foreign author: Müde machen uns nicht die Sachen, die wir tun, sondern die, die wir liegen lassen. (Tiredly make us not the things, which we do, but those, which we leave.) Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach

Mykhaylo PALAHITSKYY Born in Lviv, Ukraine University of Vienna was established in 1365. Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies / Department of History/ History programme. Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies / Department of African Studies / International Development programme. National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" was CUPP 2010 & Ottawa MODEL UKRAINE Conference, established in 1615. Faculty of Humanities, School of Skype Meeting, June 26, Vienna, Mykhaylo Palahitskyy. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 17 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Oleksandr PANKIV Born in: Lviv, Ukraine Svitlana SAMOILINA University of Lviv (Ivan Franko Born in: Kharkiv, Ukraine. Hometown: Kharkiv. National University of Lviv) was established in 1661. University of Kharkiv (Vasyl Karazin National University Faculty of Law. Boston University was established in of Kharkiv was established in 1804). Institute of 1839. School of Law. Economics, Department of International Economics. Motto of University: University of Lviv: ‘Patriae decori Motto of University of Kharkiv: Cognoscere, Docere, civibus educandis'; 'For the education of citizens, for the Erudire. – Пізнання, Навчання, Просвіта. – To Learn, To adornment of the homeland'; 'Для освіти громадян на Educate, To Enlighten. славу Батьківщини'. Foreign languages: English, German, Russian Boston University: 'Learning, Virtue, Piety'; 'Навчання, 2010 Volodymyr Hrynyk Scholarship recipient Достоїнство, Благочестя'. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Foreign languages: English, Polish, German Dnistrovskyi Canyon. The length of Dnistrovskii canyon 2008 Volodymyr Hrynyk Scholarship recipient is 250 km. У розшаруваннях на берегах Дністра 2010 Anne Mazurenko Sukniarsky Scholarship містяться скам'янілі залишки стародавньої флори і recipient. 2010 CUPP coordinator фауни, яким близько 500 мільйонів років. Along the Intern to James Bezan, M.P., Manitoba banks and walls of the canyon there are monuments and Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: evidence of earlier of cultures and peoples who inhabited My Hometown – the City of Lviv, is by itself a true the valley of the Dnister – churches, monasteries, palaces, architectural masterpiece of Ukraine and a part of the ruins of fortresses and castles. On the coastal cliffs and UNESCO's heritage. One of my favourite places to visit in river valleys there are many grottos and caves, some of Lviv is Armenian Cathedral (Virmens'ka tserkva), which is which were used for worship and shelter for the monks situated in the heart of the Old Town. It was built in 1363- who lived in the monasteries carved into the rock. 1370 by the members of Armenian community of Lviv. Last book read: "The great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Peacefulness and calmness of this place helps people Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Людина така, яке її to leave triviality of living and truly enjoy the charming уявлення про щастя. В.Сухомлинський. premises of the Cathedral. Favourite quote by foreign author: "I see my path, but I Last book read: 'The Death of Contract' by Grant don't know where it leads. Not knowing where I am going Gilmore. is what inspires me to travel it" – Rosalia de Castro. Favourite quotes: "You must be the change you wish to see in the world" Gandhi. "People often say that motivation doesn't last. Well, neither does bathing – that's why we recommend it daily." Zig Ziglar.

L to R: Olha Kroytor, C'07; Evhenia Viatchaninova, C'09; Oleksandr Pankiv receiving LLM Diploma Iryna Krasnoshtan, C'09; Roman Tashlitskyy, C'02, during at Boston University, May, 2010. Washington MODEL UKRAINE Conference. 18 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Olha SOROKIVSKA Olya SHUDRAK Born in: LVIV, Ukraine. Hometown: LVIV. Born in Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan. Hometown: Lviv, Lviv Polytechnic (Lviv Polytechnic National University Ukraine. was established in 1844). Specialist Degree in University of Lviv (Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Documentation Science and Information Activity. was established in 1661). Faculty of Foreign Languages, Motto of Lviv Polytechnic National University: Litteris Department of Translation Studies and Comparative et Artibus. – Науками й мистецтвом. – Through the Linguistics. Sciences and the Arts. Motto of University: Patriae decori civibus educandis. Foreign languages: English, Russian, French (basics), Для освіти громадян, на славу Батьківщині. – For the Polish (basics). education of citizens, for the adornment of the homeland. 2010 Michael Rebryk Scholarship recipient Foreign languages: English, German, Spanish, Russian. Intern to Bonnie Crombie, M.P., Ontario 2010 William and Antonina Bazylewych Scholarship Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: recipient Sofiivskyi Park. Sofiyivsky Park is a landscape park Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: The almost of 180 hectares, located in , Cherkasy Bernardine Cathedral, now the Greek-Catholic Church of Oblast of central Ukraine. It was founded in 1796 by St. Andrew is a perfect example of Lviv architecture of late Count Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, a Polish noble. The renaissance. Lviv Bernardines came to town around 1460. park is named after his Greek wife Sofia (Zofia Potocka) In 1630, the new cathedral was finished and a defense and was built in 1802. The main designer was Ludwik monastery was built on its northern side. The monastery Metzel, who imported many rare plants from all around was of particular strategic importance. Outside its walls, Europe. The opening ceremony was also honoured by originated the most dreadful Hlyniansky Way which was StanisławTrembecki, who wrote a poem praising the park used by Tatar hordes and Turkish armies to invade the and its' namesake. It is one of the world famous garden- town. The walls of the monastery were the first to come park art creations. There are many scenic areas in the under enemy attacks. The three-storied facade of the St. park including waterfalls, fountains, ponds and a stone Andrew's Church fascinates with its embellishment. All in garden. It is one of the most famous examples of late all, there are more than twenty various sculptures. The 18th or early 19th century European landscape garden monastery building complex is supplemented with a tall design that has been preserved to the present time. The baroque bell-tower built in 1734 which is an adornment not Sofiyivsky Park was named one of the Seven Wonders of only to the cathedral, but to the whole city. Ukraine on August 21, 2007, based on voting by experts Last book read: "The Politics of Europeanization" by Kevin and the internet community. Featherstone. Last book read: "My Sister's Keeper" by Jodi Picoult. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Без ядра горіх ніщо, Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Бери вершину i так само як і людина без серця. (Г.С. Сковорода). матимеш середину". – "Reach high to attain the middle" Favourite quote by foreign author: A smile is a powerful – Hryhoriy Skovoroda. weapon; you can even break ice with it. Author Unknown. Favourite quote by foreign author: "There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so" – William Shakespeare.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 19 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Illya SYMONENKO Valeriia TRUSH Born in Kyiv Born in: Kyiv. Hometown: Kyiv. Kyiv Mohyla University (National University of "Kyiv- University of Kyiv (Taras Shevchenko National University Mohyla Academy" was established in 1615). Faculty of of Kyiv was established in 1834). Faculty of International Economics. Economic Relations, 2nd year student, expect to graduate Motto of University: Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська in 2012. Академія вічна. – Time passes, Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Motto of University: «Корисність, Честь та Слава» remains eternal. – «Utility, Honour and Glory» – "Utilitas Honour et Gloria". Foreign languages: Russian, English, French Foreign languages: English, French and German 2010 Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient 2010 Senator Raynell Andreychuk Scholarship recipient Outstanding landmark or architecture is Zaporizhia Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Holy DniproGES, the hydroelectric plant and dam in Dormition Pochayiv Lavra. Holy Dormition Pochayiv Zaporizhia. Although it was a product of the Soviet mass Lavra (Ukrainian: Свято-Успенська Почаївська Лавра); industrialization effort, it was also a great achievement has for centuries been the foremost spiritual and of the people and their perseverance. In 1932, when ideological centre of various Orthodox denominations in it was constructed, DniproGES was the most powerful Western Ukraine. The monastery tops a 60-metre hill in hydroelectic plant in Europe and it still remains number the town of Pochaiv, , 18 km southwest of one in Ukraine. Moreover it is a symbol of Ukraine's Kremenets and 50 km north of Ternopil. A first record of industrial might and the strength of the Ukrainian people's the monastery in Pochayiv dates back to 1527, although will. a local tradition claims that it was established three Last book read: A Clockwork Orange – by Anthony centuries earlier, during the Mongol invasion, by several Burgess. runaway monks, either from the Kyiv Monastery of the Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: «За Україну з огнем Caves or from the Holy Mountain. The legend has it завзяття, вставаймо браття, всі вперед» – стрільці з that the Theotokos appeared to the monks in the shape УСС. of a column of fire, leaving her footprint in the rock she Favourite quote by foreign author: "Every man's life ends stood upon. This imprint came to be revered by the the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and local population and brethren for the curative, medicinal how he died that distinguish one man from another" properties of the water that issued from it. In 1604, the – Ernest Hemingway. monastic community was joined by Ivan Zalizo, a well- known champion of Eastern Orthodoxy and vocal critic of the Union of Brest. Formerly associated with the printing house of Prince Ostroski, Zalizo established a press in Pochayiv in 1730, which supplied all of Galicia and Volynia with theological literature. The press continued to function until 1924, when it was taken to the Monastery of St. Job of Pochayiv in Jordanville, New York. Last book read: Norman Davies "Europe East and West" Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Ліна Костенко "Є боротьба за долю України. Все інше – то велике мискоборство." Mariya Hud, C'09 (centre) during International Session Favourite quote by foreign author: Thomas Edison "Genius of the European Youth Parliament. is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration". 20 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Сковорода). Favourite quote by foreign author: "Become a better person and be sure to know who you are before meeting someone new and hoping that person knows who you are" (Gabriel Garcia Marquez).

Stanislava TSARKOVA Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine Kyiv Mohyla University (National University of "Kyiv- Mohyla Academy" was established in 1615 by the Metropolitan of Kyiv Petro Mohyla). Faculty of Economics. Motto of University: "Час плинний, «Києво-Могилянська Академія» вічна". – "Time passes, but "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" remains eternal". Second Higher Education: Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University was established in 1875 by Emperor Franz Josef and in 1989 named after the famous Ukrainian writer Yuriy Fed'kovych. Faculty of History, Political Volodymyr VENHER Sciences and International Relations. Born in Dondiushen, Moldova. Hometown: Borshchivka Foreign languages: English, French village, Lanivtsi district, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. 2010 Senator Martha Bielish Scholarship recipient Kyiv-Mohyla University (National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Intern to Maurizio Bevilacqua, M.P., Ontario Academy" was established in 1615). Faculty of Law. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: St. Motto of University: "Час плинний, Києво-Могилянська Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery – a functioning академія – вічна". – "Time is flowing and Kyiv-Mohyla monastery, located on the west side of the Dnipro River Academy is eternal". the historic and administrative part of Kyiv. Originally built Foreign languages: English, Bulgarian, French, Russian in the Middle Ages, its exterior was rebuilt in the Ukrainian 2010 Vasyl Kereliuk Scholarship recipient Baroque style, then rebuilt in the Byzantine style. In 1922 Intern to Michael Wallace, M.P., Ontario the Monastery was liquidated. Then, in 1934-1936 St. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Michael's Golden-Domed cathedral, bell-tower and other Holy Dormition Kyiv Pecherska Lavra (Kyiv Monastery monastery buildings were destroyed to vacate space in of the Caves) is located in the capital of Ukraine and is favor of the new government centre. Its unique frescos one of the World's Orthodox strongholds. It was founded and icons were seized by the Soviet Government and in 1051 by orthodox monks Anthoniy and Feodosiy. transferred to Moscow, only parts remained on display at Pecherska Lavra embodies beautiful architecture and St. Sophia's Cathedral. In the early 1990's, the Ukrainian strong spiritual core of the Ukrainian Nation. It contains Orthodox Church, Kyiv Patriarchate raised funds to not only valuable buildings, wall paintings and sculptural reconstruct the Cathedral, which was officially opened in images but also great system of caves, which are the 1998. Since then, some of the original décor and religious symbol of religious endeavour. Kyiv Pecherska Lavra is objects have been returned to St. Michael's Golden-Domed a religious pearl of Ukraine, which attracts pilgrims from Monastery from Russia. around the world. Last book read: Eric Bern "Games people play (The Last book read: Charles Dickens "The Mystery of Edwin Psychology of Human Relationships). What Do You Say Drood". After You Say Hello? (The Psychology of Human Destiny)". Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Life goes and we do Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Не той дурний, хто all without revision, and time does not restrain the gallop..." не знає (ще такий, котрий усе знає, не народився), Lina Kostenko. але той, хто знати не хоче. Зненавидь глупоту: тоді Favourite quote by foreign author: "Man, you do not have хоч i дурний, а будеш у числі блаженних" (Григорій anything but the soul" Pythagoras.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 21 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Evhenia VIATCHANINOVA Vladyslav VLASOV Born in Solikamsk, Russian Federation. Hometown: Born in: Mykolayiv Ternopil, Ukraine. Petro Mohyla Black Sea University, Mykolayiv was Graduated from University of Kyiv (Taras Shevchenko established in 1996. Faculty of Foreign Languages. National University was established in 1834) in 2010 Foreign languages: English, German – basic, Russian, with Bachelor's Degree in Journalism. Spanish – basic Motto of University of Kyiv: "Utilitas honour et Gloria". 2010 Senator Paul Yuzyk Scholarship recipient – "Utility, Honour and Glory". – "Корисність, Честь та Intern to Linda Duncan, M.P., Alberta Слава". Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Olvia. Foreign languages: English, German, Russian, Spanish It is an ancient Greek colony (6th century B.C. – 4th CUPP 2009 Intern to Hon. Jason Kenney MP, Calgary century A.D.) that is situated in Mykolayiv region (village of Southeast, Alberta. Parutino) on the shore of the Southern Buh River estuary. 2009 William & Antonina Bazylewych Scholarship This site is rich in history and reminds visitors, of the recipient ancient architecture and trade between Olvia and other 2010 Senator David Tkachuk Scholarship recipient Greek cities. It is still of great importance, because Olvia CUPP 2010 coordinator is one of a very few sites which dates back to before the Intern to Borys Wrzesnewskyj, M.P., Ontario Christian era in Mykolayiv region. Outstanding architecture in Ukraine: The Last book read: "The Kite Runner" by Khaled Hosseini. The Livadia Palace was a summer retreat of the last Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Світ ловив мене, та Russian tsar, Nicholas II, and his family in Livadia, Crimea, не впіймав. (Григорій Сковорода). built in the mid-XIX century by Italian architect Monighetti, Favourite quote by foreign author: No man is an island, in a neo-Renaissance style. However, in world history entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part this estate is known primarily due to the Yalta Conference of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe in 1945, when the palace hosted a wartime meeting is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a among Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston manor of thy friends or of thine own were; any man's death Churchill. Today the palace houses a museum, but is diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and sometimes used by Ukrainian authorities for international therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls summits. for thee. (John Donne). Last book read: Umberto Eco "The name of the Rose". Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: Богдан-Ігор Антонич: "Тиша – це мова, якою говорить до людини Бог." Favourite quote by foreign author: Albert Einstein: "Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts."

L to R: Taras Hayun; Maria ROmanyshyn, C'08; Borys Tarasiuk, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine; Vitaliy Lipich, C'07 at the 4th Economic Forum of Young Leaders, Poland, 2009.

22 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Daniel BAZYLEWYCH

Left: CN Tower lake view.

Right: Looking out from CN Tower.

Solomiia BOBROVSKA

Left: Duke's Castle, Ostroh. Top: Guard Tower of Duke's Castle, Ostroh.

Bohdan BOLONNYY

Left: Exterior of St. George's Church, Drohobych. Right: Interior of St. George's Church, Drohobych. Photos cour- tesy of Serhiy Krynytsia.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 23 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Solomiya BORSHOSH Nadiya FEDORIV

Top: The Candle to Memory – central part of the memo- rial complex to the victims of the Ho- lodomor in Ukraine.

Top: The Chapel of Boim family, Lviv. Middle: One of four Right: Statue of Jesus crosses that symbol- Christ. ize periods of famines in Ukraine.

Bottom: The crest and the crane, im- prisoned in chains.

Illia FILATOV

Left: The Vo- rontsov Palace.

Right: Central entrance to the palace.

24 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Maryna IAROSHEVYCH Liliia IBADOVA

Taras Shevchenko monument in Kharkiv.

House with chimeras.

Kyrylo KORZH Left: Khortytsia Island – historical reconstruc- tion.

Bottom: Khortytsia today.

Iryna KRASNOSHTAN Anton KRASUN

The Lviv National Theatre of Opera and Ballet. Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 25 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Iryna KRUTENKO Bohdan KUSHPLER

Saint Michael's Cathedral in Cherkasy.

St. George's Cathedral in Lviv.

Kateryna LYSENKO

Left: Chersone- sos – ruins of columns.

Right: The bell in Chersonesos.

Ivan MATVEICHENKO Yurii MEDENTSII

The Monument to the Scuttled Ships.

Khotyn fortress in Chernivtsi region.

26 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Aishe MEMETOVA Mykhaylo PALAHITSKYY

Bakchysaray Palace in Crimea. Market Square (Ploshcha Rynok) in Lviv.

Oleksandr PANKIV Olya SHUDRAK

The Bernardine Cathedral, or the Greek-Catholic Church of St. Andrew, Lviv.

Armenian Cathedral in Lviv (inner view).

Svitlana SAMOILINA Olha SOROKIVSKA

Foun- tain in Sofi- ivskyi Park.

Dnistrovskii Canyon.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 27 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Illya SYMONENKO Stanislava TSARKOVA

Zaporizhia DniproGES. St. Michael's Golden Domed Monastery.

Valeriia TRUSH

Holy Dormition Pochayiv Lavra, Kyiv.

Volodymyr VENHER

Left: Kyiv Pecherska Lavra in the Left: Kyiv evening. Pochayiv Lavra, Kyiv. Right: Inner yard of the complex.

28 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Evhenia VIATCHANINOVA Vladyslav VLASOV

Ruins of Olvia. The Livadia Palace, Crimea.

L to R: Andriy Zinchuk; Eugen Czoliy (The President of WUC); Yuriy Lubkovych at World Meeting in Kyiv.

L to R: Oleksandr Pankiv; Ihor Bardyn; Lucy Hicks; Dr. Diane Flannery (UCLA); Kirsten Kuhlmann (UCLA); Dr. Olya Halyabar, C'04; Dr. Antin Kushnir, C'03; Dr. Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus (UCLA); Tom Dubinski, UCLA Meeting in Santa Monica at UCLA Family Commons. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 29 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

The Language of Freedom

UKRAINSKA PRAVDA (Republished with permission of Ukrainska Pravda) Permalink: http://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2010/03/24/4886324/

Wednesday, March 24, 2010, 13:31 In sum, this situation is a clear nian would have faded away since in- The chief editorial staff of the demonstration of the language situa- dependence has been obtained. "First National Channel" works hard to tion in the media field in general. However, two obstacles arose on make the official language not just the In everyday media work, people the way to a bright future of the lan- language of broadcast, but the every easily do without the Ukrainian lan- guage. The first one is the existence day language of communication of the guage and this is just one of the mani- of two almost equal parts of our so- TV Company. festations of a very confusing situation ciety – Ukrainian-speaking and Rus- Among recent examples of this concerning the use of the Ukrainian sian-speaking. Before the declaration activity there was an attempt to im- language in Ukraine. of independence was adopted it could prove the situation relating to the sta- Let us try to analyze it. be clearly seen that this situation was tistical reports. The reports come from a resultof Russification policy that had research companies mainly in Rus- History been prevailing in the USSR. sian, and occasionally in English. Ukrainian literary language ap- It seems, on abolishing the source The staff of these companies has peared in the works by Shevchenko of such policy the Russian-speak- told us that almost nobody does statis- and Kotliarevskyi as the language of ing population would have easily and tical reports in Ukrainian and a sepa- liberation. quickly started speaking Ukrainian. rate translation requires an extra pay- It was about cultural liberation After all, we are at the nineteenth year ment of a large sum of money. first, however the freedom of literature of independence and see no funda- The Editor in Chief of the "First stimulated the national, political and mental changes that have occurred National" Khrystyna Stebelska ex- even to some extent class freedom. in the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian plains this by indifference, apathetic After all, such processes had been parts of the Ukrainian nation. temperament with an artificially cre- taking place throughout all of Europe And there is no way to cope with ated vacuum. at that time. it. Even Article 10 of the Constitution She clarifies: "Of course, the Rus- Using the indigineous language, does not aid substantially. sian language is a good, functional and literature created a national identity, However, there are hundreds of we should not be afraid of the common integrating citizens of countries or ter- articles where authors try to explain, vocabulary. But a successful Ukrai- ritories into a united nation. It clearly what causes this situation starting nian exploring the nationwide rating and passionately exposed the injus- with the "hand of Moscow" and a should learn our terminology, not the tice existing in society. "worldwide Masonic conspiracy" by neighbour's. For the true professional Especially distinct in the Ukrainian Paul Shtepa up to the "deep civiliza- retains everything new rather than language was the fact that it remained tion-mentality fracture" which lies just brush everything into a "commonly the language of freedom for about two on the Dnipro River according to Sam- known" basket. hundred more years.. uel Huntington. Ukrainian is a vibrant, colourful Claiming for self-identity, language language; children catch up on what apologists quite naturally became op- Pragmatically on the Language parents did not know. This should positional and even explicitly hostile to There might be some sense in happen automatically. Imagine if, mar- the repressive systems in the coun- searching for the causes. However, it keting sociologists decided to provide tries of their residence. For instance, is high time for the language problem, us with a rating in Chinese because something similar happened to Yid- as well as for many other political is- the software developed by Chinese dish during the period of stagnation. sues, to be transferred into a practical people was installed on their comput- This, incidentally, became one of the level. reasons of friendly relations between ers. Then what? Will this not affect the  Russification of Ukraine – a body of laws, dignity of a specialist whom Ukraine Jewish and Ukrainian dissidents. decrees, and other actions undertaken by the recognized the best in the market? I Imperial Russian and later Soviet authorities di- Woe to the Winners rected at strengthening of the Russian nation- do not doubt that the trend is not good It seems all restrictions for the de- al, political and linguistic hegemony in Ukraine, for those for whom "it is all the same". and eradication of , culture velopment and dissemination of Ukrai- and the self-determination sentiments.

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For a start, we can think over also dissemination among all Ukrai- freedom again. But this time it should who needs the Ukrainian language in nian citizens. Another question is how be freedom of access to information, Ukraine? And then mention unforget- the state should facilitate this process. freedom of expression, freedom to table Leonid Kuchma who might have At this point we face the second ob- acquire new knowledge or search for forgotten his promises on "the second stacle, namely the absence of effec- new meanings. official language" immediately on the tive Ukrainization policy in the inde- second day of his first term. pendent Ukraine. Once again, there is The Soft Power Means Why? It's because the language is no special need to answer the ques- Is it difficult to conduct this policy? still forming the nation's self-identity. tion "why did it happen so?", unless to Yes, it is, as it is necessary to On having no self-identity our national mention: change the trend of the thoughts of elite would still be dependant admin- – the "modern" Ukrainization policy people who make decisions and influ- istrators of a province. In addition, no was often as repressive as the Russi- ence the language policy. But if these government can rule steadily without fication policy was in the Soviet times. changes happen, it will become very a sense of unity that language gives to – methods used by this policy often easy. the nation. provoked rejection even among Ukrai- As the government has enough The orange politicians served as nian-speaking citizens; resources to apply such "soft power". a good example for this; they didn't – sometimes state programs support- For instance, the state mass media, manage to hold the power because ing Ukrainian literature and language let it be "The First National" that can they never did overcome the split nei- support turned into the money-making best contribute to improving the im- ther among themselves nor in the so- programs or similar activity. age of Ukrainian language, Ukrainian ciety. All described matters are enough culture and the state of Ukraine. "The But never mind all that elite. What to understand that the policy of Ukrain- First National" has already displayed is more important, why does Ukrainian ization requires essentially a new ap- repeatedly it is able to be such an nation need dissemination of Ukrainian proach, no matter who implements it. instrument. Dozens of international language. Indeed it is more comfort- Which? Well, perhaps they may be awards and all-Ukrainian prizes for able for common people to speak the similar to those used in civilized coun- documentaries prove the quality of language they are used to. It is also tries. There they have already real- its product. Children's in-house pro- easier to use it when contacting offi- ized a long time ago that it is much grams show that it is the state TV cials or receiving education. But this easier to rule when people accept channel that can produce a product of lies solely in an individual's scope. the officials' decisions as though their social utility absent on the commercial If we speak about the scope of own. Therefore they don't just conduct channels because of business consid- Ukrainian nation or civil society, their some “policy”. They devote much to erations. For instance, such programs prospect in the present reality look convince the citizens that the policy as "Between us" dedicated to national quite short-lived without the Ukrainian is right and explain the importance of minorities of Ukraine serve as a strong language. As we don't have neither these or those decisions and positions evidence it is the state TV channel such a strong historical and cultural first of all for the society itself. that works without any exceptions for tradition as the Swiss do, nor authori- Generally, all this is all described all the groups of citizens no matter tarian rule like in Belarus. It is very by the "Soft Power" conception. whether they are the audience for ad- naive to expect that there will be no According to this idea one can at- vertisers or not. language conflicts in the society with- tain an object easier if deals with mass This instrument needs a little out these components. The Cyprus media using the new informational bit more attention and care from the split that neither UN nor EU can solve technologies' achievements and thus government to become truly effective already for half a century serves as a win as many as possible adherents at least to give an opportunity to re- strong evidence to this. round. ceive the reports in Ukrainian. And in What can be done in our case? case the government takes care about What is next? For instance, we could focus on the state TV channel, it will contribute So, from a purely pragmatic point improving the image of Ukrainian a lot to ensuring the interests of this of view Ukraine needs Ukrainian lan- language, make it more attractive for state especially in the field of official guage, and not only its existence, but citizens of the country and promote language propaganda. accessibility of literature and soft- © 2000-2010 "Ukrainska Pravda"  The secong president of independent ware programs in Ukrainian. Ukrai- The materials are subject to re- Ukraine who ruled the country from 1994 to production only with the hyperlink to 2004 having been re-elected for the second nian should become the language of term in 1999. www.pravda.com.ua indicated.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 31 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Мова свободи

Олег БАРДЯК

Головна редакція "Першого на- обходяться взагалі без української ціонального" наполегливо працює мови. І це лише один з проявів дуже над тим, щоб державна мова стала заплутаної ситуації, яка склалася з не просто мовою ефіру, а й повноцін- використанням української мови в тично рівних складових частин на- ною робочою мовою телекомпанії. Україні. шого суспільства – україномовної Серед останніх прикладів цієї Спробуємо в ній розібратися. та російськомовної. До прийняття діяльності була спроба виправити незалежності було чітко видно, що ситуацію зі статистичними звітами. Історичний екскурс така ситуація – наслідок русифіка- Вони надходять від компаній-дослід­ Українська літературна мова з'я­ торської політики, яка панувала в ників переважно російською, і зрід- вилася в творах Шевченка та Котля- СРСР. ка англійською мовами. ревського – як мова звільнення. Здавалося б, після знищення Від відповідальних працівників Перш за все йшлося про звіль- джерела цієї політики російськомов- компаній дізнались, що статистич- нення культурне. Але свобода літе- на частина населення мала б легко них звітів українською майже ніхто ратури стала поштовхом до звільнен­ й швидко українізуватись. Зрештою, не робить. А за окремий переклад ня національного, політичного й на- на дев'ятнадцятому році незалежно­ потрібно доплачувати чималі гроші. віть певною мірою класового. сті бачимо, що ніяких кардинальних Головний редактор "Першого" Зрештою, подібні процеси тоді змін у співвідношенні україномовної Христина Стебельська пояснює це відбувалися по всій Європі. та російськомовної складових україн­ байдужістю, млявим темперамен- Використовуючи народну мову, ського народу не відбулось. том і штучно створеним вакуумом. література творила національну І нема на те ніякої ради. Навіть І уточнює: "Безперечно, мова ідентичність, інтегрувала жителів 10 стаття Конституції не особливо російська гарна, функціональна, і країн чи територій в єдиний народ, допомагає. не треба боятися спільної лексики. чітко й пафосно викривала наявну в Втім, маємо сотні статей, автори Але успішний українець, який до- суспільстві несправедливість. яких намагаються пояснити, в чому сліджує загальнонаціональний рей- Особливим у випадку з українсь- причини такої ситуації. Від "руки тинг, має допомогти пізнати термі- кою стало те, що мовою свободи Москви" й "всесвітньої масонської ни – наші, а не сусіда. Бо справжній вона залишалася ще майже дві сотні змови" у Павла Штепи, до "глибоко- професіонал засвоює все нове, а не років. го цивілізаційно-ментального розло­ причісує все до "общєпонятного". Претендуючи на свою окреміш­ му", який в Самуеля Хантінгтона Українська мова жива, колорит­ ність, апологети мови цілком природ­ пролягає просто по Дніпру. на, чого не знали батьки – надолу­ ньо ставали опозиційними і навіть жують діти. Це має відбуватись ав- відверто ворожими до репресивних Прагматично про мову систем у країнах їхнього проживання. томатично. Уявімо собі, що соціоло- Якийсь сенс у пошуку причин, Щось подібне відбувалося, на- ги-маркетологи забажали подати можливо, є. Однак мовну проблему, приклад, в період застою з мовою нам рейтинг китайською, бо на їхніх як і багато інших політичних про- ідиш. І це, до речі, стало однією з комп'ютерах встановлено програ- блем, вже давно варто перевести в причин дружніх стосунків між єврей­ ми, які розробляли китайці. І що? прагматичну площину. ськими та українськими дисидентами. Хіба це не зачіпає гідність фахівця, Для початку можна задуматись якого Україна визнала кращим на Горе переможцям над тим, кому потрібна в Україні ук- ринку? Не сумніваюся, що зараз З моменту здобуття незалеж- раїнська мова? тенденція не на користь тих, кому ності, здавалося б, всі обмеження І згадати незабутнього Леоні- "все одно". для розвитку й поширення українсь- да Даниловича, який свої обіцянки Разом з тим, така ситуація є до- кої мали зникнути. щодо "другої державної" – забув, волі яскравим проявом мовного ста- Втім, на дорозі в світле мовне мабуть, одразу на другий день пер- новища в медійній сфері загалом. майбутнє постало дві перепони. шого терміну. В робочих моментах ЗМІ легко Перша – існування двох прак- Чому? Та тому, що мова й досі

32 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

створює в народі відчуття ок- особливої потреби. Хіба що відміти- Втім, без цілеспрямованої дер­ ремішності. Без цього відчуття ти: жавної політики в цьому напрямі дов­ наша національна еліта так і за- – часто політика "сучасної" україні- гострокових системних наслідків не лишилась би підневільними уп- зації була такою ж репресивною, буде. равителями провінції. як і політика русифікації за часів А ще мова дає народу відчуття СРСР; Засоби для Soft Power єдності, без якого жодна влада не – методи цієї політики часом прово- Чи важко здійснювати таку полі- зможе стабільно урядувати. кували відторгнення навіть серед тику? Це яскраво доводить приклад україномовних громадян; Важко. Бо потрібна зміна напря- помаранчевих політиків, які не змог- – інколи державні програми підтрим­ му думок у тих, хто приймає рішен- ли втриматися при владі тому, що ки української літератури й мови пе- ня і впливає на мовну політику. Але так і не подолали розкол. Ані поміж ретворювались на програми зароб- якщо ці зміни відбудуться, то стане собою, ані всередині суспільства. ляння грошей тощо-абощо. дуже легко. Але Бог із нею, з тою елітою. Описаного цілком досить, аби Адже держава має достатньо Важливіше те, навіщо поширення зрозуміти: політиці українізації, хто ресурсів для застосування такої української мови народу України. б її не проводив, потрібні кардиналь­ "м'якої сили". І справді, звичайним людям зру­ но нові підходи. От хоча б державні ЗМІ, той же чніше говорити тією мовою, до якої Які? Ну, мабуть, подібні до тих, "Перший національний", які можуть вони звикли. Нею ж легше контакту- що використовуються в цивілізова- якнайкраще працювати на покра- вати з чиновниками, або здобувати них країнах світу. А там вже давно щення іміджу української мови, ук- освіту. зрозуміли, що набагато легше керу- раїнської культури й держави Україна. Але це виключно масштаб окре- вати тоді, коли люди приймають рі- Перший вже неодноразово де- мого індивіда. шення урядовців ніби свої власні. монстрував, що здатен бути таким Якщо ж говорити про масштаби Тому там не просто здійснюють інструментом. українського народу та громадянсь- якусь "політику". Десятки міжнародних нагород кого суспільства, то без української Там багато уваги присвячують та всеукраїнських премій за доку- мови їхні перспективи в наших реа­ тому, щоб переконати громадян у ментальні фільми – доводять якість ліях виглядають доволі ефемерно. її правильності, пояснюють цінність власного продукту. Дитячі програми Адже у нас немає ані такої силь- тих чи інших позицій та рішень – на- власного виробництва показують, ної історико-культурної традиції, як самперед для самого населення. що саме державна телекомпанія у швейцарців, ані такої авторитарної Загалом це все описується кон- може виробляти такий суспільно ко- влади, як в Білорусі. цепцією "м'якої сили" (soft power). рисний продукт, якого з бізнесових А без цих складових очікува- Згідно з нею досягати свого лег- причин нема на комерційних теле- ти, що в суспільстві не виникатиме ше, якщо ефективно працювати зі каналах. конфліктів на мовному ґрунті, дуже ЗМІ, використовувати нові здобутки Наприклад, такі програми, як наївно. Кіпрський розкол, який вже інформаційних технологій, і завдяки "Між нами", присвячена національ- півстоліття не можуть розв'язати ані цьому залучати на свій бік якомога ним меншинам України, – яскраво ООН, ані ЄС – яскравий цьому дoказ. більшу кількість прихильників. свідчать, що саме державний теле­ Що можна зробити у нашому ви- канал працює на всі без винятку гру­ Що далі падку? пи громадян, незважаючи на те, чи Отож, з чисто прагматичних по­ Наприклад, зосередитись на по­ є вони аудиторією для рекламодав- глядів, Україна має потребу в укра­ кращенні іміджу української мови, ців чи ні. їнській мові. І не просто в її існуван- зробити її привабливою для грома­ Щоб стати справді ефективним, ні, а в поширенні серед усіх укра­ дян країни, сприяти доступності цьому інструменту треба лише тро- їнських громадян. україномовних літературних чи про- хи більше уваги та піклування від Інше питання – яким чином де- грамних продуктів тощо. держави. ржава має сприяти цьому процесу. Українська мова знову мала б Хоча б для того, щоб була змога І отут ми стикаємося з другою стати мовою свободи. Тільки тепер отримувати звіти українською. перепоною. А саме – з відсутністю уже йдеться про свободу доступу І тоді, якщо держава подбає про ефективної політики українізації в до інформації, свободу вираження державний телеканал, він добре незалежній Україні. думок, свободу набування нових спрацює на забезпечення інтересів Знову ж таки, відповідати на знань чи пошуку нових сенсів. цієї держави. Особливо – в сфері питання "чому так сталося?" нема пропагування державної мови.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 33 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

The Challenges Young Ukrainians Face in Present-day Ukraine

Yaroslav KOVALCHUK BA in Philology, Ostroh academy MA in Philology, Ostroh academy 2008 Humeniuk Family Scholarship recipient 2009 Dopomoha Ukraini Foundation Scholarship recipient 2008 – Intern to Maria Minna, MP for Beaches-East York, Ontario 2009 – Intern to Tilly O'Neill-Gordon, MP for Miramichi, New Brunswick

In Ukrainian society there is much spective party or defining state policy rate and family conflicts) and loss of expectation put on the young people at least in some of its domains. ideals and life optimism [1]. In our re- at the current stage. Youth is widely The role young Ukrainians should search we would like to focus on the regarded as the most flexible and play in political life of the country is youth problems of economic nature open to innovative thinking social much debated both by the represen- and the way state tries to address layer which is able to easily adopt the tatives of political elite and by mass- them. achievements of Western political and media. However, there is not much at- Traditional high youth unemploy- economic practice with their further tention paid to the current socio-eco- ment rate was worsened by current introduction in Ukraine. Present-day nomic situation the Ukrainian youth is economic crisis in Ukraine. According mobility of young people contributes affected by, to the challenges it has to to the data of State employment ser- to the overall increase in the amount face and to the range of prospects it vice of Ukraine, in 2009 unemployed of possibilities to visit other coun- has to choose from. In our research youth constituted one third of all un- tries, analyze the way of life there and we will try to systematize the results employed Ukrainians and equaled 355 transmit this knowledge to their social of several sociological surveys and thousand people [6]. surrounding after return to Ukraine. analyze what problems young people The actions taken by the Minis- Besides, the fact that young people in Ukraine face nowadays and what vi- try of Ukraine for Family, Youth and in Ukraine were affected by Soviet sion of their own future they have. Sports were inefficient. For instance, ideology and communist brain-wash- Year of 2009 was announced to be it has developed the bill "About the ing techniques to a lesser extent than the Year of Youth in Ukraine in terms amendments to the Labour Code" their parents contributes to better of which a set of state actions in youth which was designed to guarantee the understanding of the Western demo- policy should have been implement- first job position for the young people cratic, not Soviet totalitarian, political ed. However, in his speech at the Na- for the period of two years through in- tradition by the former. Those are the tional Council for Youth Development troducing respective quotas [5]. How- key factors that promote speculation on December 3, 2009 the Minister of ever, the bill was not approved by the on the issues of youth involvement in Ukraine for Family, Youth and Sports parliament and did not go further than the political life as most Ukrainian po- Yuriy Pavlenko recognized that the a declaration. litical parties try to incorporate young effectiveness of the above mentioned Secondly, the network of 100 people in their electoral lists in order actions was much affected by the re- youth employment centers was cre- to create the image of a political force sults of economic crisis, as well as by ated, which helped to employ 18 thou- that gives way to youth leaders and deterioration of the economic condition sand young people. 18 thousand em- thinks of the sequence of generations of young people, unemployment and ployed in comparison with 355 thou- within the party. However, the amount spread of drug addiction, alcoholism sand unemployed demonstrates a low of youth representatives in the au- and smoking [6]. Famous Ukrainian (5%) effectiveness of the work of the thorities of all the levels is meager, sociologist Horodianenko adds to the centers and their inability to meet so- just sufficient to support the notion of list such youth problems as low level cial demand to full extent. involving young people in political pro- of life, significant economic and social Thirdly, Yuriy Pavlenko stated that cesses of the country, without actually dependency on parents, absence of the Ministry also conducted annual granting them significant impact on possibilities to improve housing con- youth competition of business projects the decision-making process of the re- ditions, family problems (high divorce with 11 thousand people participating

34 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP in it. In general, the contest is a posi- good wages (97%), interesting activi- in the motherland [4]. In post-inde- tive development as it helps to identify ties (90%), opportunity for self-realiza- pendent era Ukraine has already lost talented young people with a natural tion (85%) and respectability (82%). several millions of the most economi- flair to entrepreneurship. Having good Thus for Ukrainian youth not only high cally active citizens who migrated to and economically justified ideas, in wages, but also possibility of career Portugal, , Spain and Russia in most cases young people, though, do growth, application of the knowledge order to earn money and support their not have sufficient financial resources and skills and obtaining relevant expe- families in Ukraine financially. It was to start their own businesses as the rience are among the most important a severe blow to Ukraine as a coun- interest rates for bank credits are factors during the job hunt [7]. try which caused a drastical increase unbearable for the businesses which There is a direct connection be- in the number of incomplete families, were just set up (in 2009 the aver- tween the job position a young profes- deterioration of children's social con- age interest rates for the loans given sional occupies and his or her ability duct due to the lack of parental control to small and medium businesses bal- to solve the housing problems. With- and the fact that Ukraine got devoid anced between 30 and 50% per an- out having sufficient salary and taking of millions of citizens who could have num [3]). In 2007 young people de- to account small probability to pay out potentially become an economic spine fined such issues as lack of initial cap- the mortgage, in most cases young of the state in case proper conditions ital and unavailability of credit, high Ukrainians have to rely on their par- for starting small and medium busi- taxes and complicated economic and ents in solving the housing issue. How- nesses were provided in the country. political situation in the country as the ever, it is a successful solution of the However, if every third young edu- major obstacles while starting up a housing problem that is one of the key cated Ukrainian leaves Ukraine, the new business. 22% believed that red factors which will guarantee the estab- blow to the country would be of cata- tape was the major problem while oth- lishment of a strong and independent strophic scale after which its future ers lacked theoretical knowledge or family as a separate cell in the society as an independent country would be were unable to adapt to market rules organism. That is why the Minister of under question. Other 25% Ukrai- (24 and 16% respectively) [7]. Ukraine for Family, Youth and Sports nian students are ready to go abroad However, one should look for the mentioned in his last year's report that in order just to earn money [4]. Thus main reasons for high unemployment "restoring the activities of State Fund a total of 55% of Ukrainian students, rate much deeper – in the organiza- for Youth Housing is a question of na- who have already received their diplo- tion of education itself. Nowadays tional security, which is not currently mas and on whom significant budget there is an immense discrepancy be- addressed" [6]. In case the state does funds have been spent, are ready to tween the educational system and the not introduce balanced youth policy leave the country where they were needs of job market. According to the in terms of assisting young families born. Such negative tendencies will survey of National Institute of Family in purchasing first real estate, young not only cause significant economic and Youth, in 2007, even before the Ukrainians face two options: either to problems at present due to shrinking start of economic crisis, almost 50% rent an apartment without owning it or of the amount of highly qualified hu- of young people with university or col- to take unbearable 20-year bank loan man resources, but it may lead to full- lege diplomas did not work in the field with 25% per annum interest rate. scale demographic disaster in 10 or of their studies [7]. The major reasons The combination of all the above 20 years as the sequence of genera- for this were no positions available mentioned factors (unemployment, tions will be damaged. When people (42%) and financial dissatisfaction dissatisfaction with work conditions, left Ukraine in the mid-90s, they left with the jobs offered (40%). Almost impossibility to purchase one's own their children in Ukraine. If present- every fifth respondent was dissatisfied apartment and satisfy the financial day youth leaves Ukraine for perma- with the conditions of job in the field needs of the family etc) contributes to nent residence abroad, their children while every sixth simply did not like a more profound problem – more and will be born abroad and become citi- it. 8% of young people did not work in more Ukrainians would like to leave zens of other countries. the field of their studies as it did not Ukraine and live abroad. According to However, living abroad does not foresee any career growth [7]. a recent survey conducted by the Na- necessarily guarantee successful ca- The very same survey demon- tional Institute of Family and Youth, al- reer there. According to 2007 survey, strated that 8 out of 10 young people most 30% of Ukrainian students plan 19% of respondents were abroad dur- were satisfied with their job while oth- to leave Ukraine after the end of their ing the previous 2 or 3 years, 29% er 2 were not. It also showed that for studies because of financial troubles of them actually working in a foreign young people a good job envisages or impossibility to fully realize oneself country. Nevertheless, only 11% of

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 35 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER young people worked abroad in the and starting a new life in a foreign part3/31302.htm field of their previous studies. Half of country. Or there is another choice. It 2. http://human-rights.unian.net/ukr/ them were involved in construction is the choice of the country and its po- detail/186334 whereas every tenth worked in trade litical elite as temporary leaders hired and every fifth – in the agricultural for public service by the Ukrainian 3. http://kontrakty.com.ua/show/ukr/ sphere [7]. Thus the practice shows people. In order to avoid a new wave print_article/45/15200911699.html that not always living abroad provides of the brain-drain and create the pre- 4. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/ar- opportunities for professional self-re- requisites for stable, sustainable and ticle/0..3983500,00.html alization and assuring financial well- prospering tomorrow, Ukrainian elite 5. http://www.kmu.gov.ua/sport/con- being of the family. should pay due attention to the needs trol/uk/publish/article;jsessionid=BF86 To sum up, nowadays Ukrainian of young Ukrainians and provide the 3FCA6487C486EBCEE004C2FD40F youth faces one major challenge – to conditions which will guarantee that 8?art_id=110782&cat_id=98426 make the best choice possible – either the practical skills and knowledge of to stay in Ukraine, try to apply their young Ukrainians will be applied to full 6. http://www.kmu.gov.ua/sport/ skills while developing one's career extent in the process of building up a control/uk/publish/article?art_ here and learn how to survive in the strong and independent Ukraine. id=111564&cat_id=45327 conditions of flourishing bureaucracy, References www.profsvita.org.ua/uk/required/ar- corruption and inadequate youth pol- ticles/28.html icy or try their luck abroad, leaving 1. http://ebk.net.ua/Book/sociol- their parents and friends in Ukraine ogy/gorodyanenko_sotsiologiya/

What Are the Most Damaging Legacies of Soviet Totalitarianism in Ukraine? Can They be Overcome? How?

Illia FILATOV Volodymyr Vernadsky Tavrida National University, Simferopol 2010 Antin Hlynka Scholarship recipient

In order to truly understand the absent. And that is what I want to talk regime in a country to make its people most damaging legacies of Soviet to- about in my essay. united? I am certain of the opposite. talitarianism in Ukraine, one needs There is something in the world's To build a nation's unity is the main to live through that time and feel it in history that helps states to exist and goal of any government and it was the one's heart. Of course, it is quite dif- prosper. It helped ancient Rome to mission of the new Ukrainian leader- ficult for young Ukrainian generation build its power. It is in the foundation ship after the country proclaimed inde- and for Ukrainians abroad to feel what of the United States and Canada's pendence in 1991. However, the new they have never seen or felt. Yet, it is value system and prosperity. It is Ukrainian government had failed to not only through books and parents’ what helped USSR to win in the World realize its main task. One of the main stories that the legacy of USSR can be War II. And it is one of the main things reasons for that was that the politi- understood. To recognize what Soviet missing in Ukraine today. I am talking cians who came to power in the early Union has done to Ukrainians we only about an integral component of any years of independence were from the need to look around. The struggling state's success – called Unity. same echelons of Soviet bureaucrats. economy, the inefficient social institu- Why did we have it before 1991 They did not know what democracy tions, and the endless monuments of and we do not have it now? Is it be- was, they never experienced the life Soviet era are not the worst of what cause Soviet or other ideology is the in a free country, and they did not was left. The worst thing in today’s only thing that can keep us together? have the skills and the heart to build a Ukrainian society is actually what is Or is it necessary to have a totalitarian new free Ukraine. The problem, there-

36 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP fore, was the absence of new young their country, they are improving their the official language of Ukraine. Some politicians that knew how and could own lives and the lives of their future even believe in future annexation to bring the new country together. How- generations. Step by step we must Russia. Those Ukrainians should un- ever, I believe that this problem will be remove the legacy of USSR, which derstand that by preserving Ukrai- solved in the near future as Ukrainian turned many people in «state social nian language, which unites us into youth gets good education and values consumers» who do not want to take a single Power, they will not only find and gradually replaces the old politi- initiative in their own hands and in- their identity, but also become closer cians and their outdated views and stead only rely on the government and to each other in our country. approaches. Ukraine is a young coun- what it tells them. If we do not want What can we do to bring Ukrainian try and it needs young leaders. the system of surveillance in Ukraine, language in all hearts of Ukrainians? Another issue that is just as dam- like in Russia, we need to say loudly Well, this issue has been actively ad- aging to Ukrainian society as the ab- about our Ukrainian roots and about dressed since 2004. All we need to do sence of unity, is the absence of a our Ukrainian minds. We must say it now is to continue what was begun and strong national identity, which is ab- not only to the world, but also to each to remember the implications of the solutely crucial for the future develop- other. Because every one of us must contrary. I do not think that new Presi- ment of the country. No doubt, that a know that when we choose the path dent of Ukraine will cherish Ukrainian person can get it while living in a cer- on our own, nobody will choose it for us. language as much as V. Yuschenko tain society or from parents, but it is The third thing that is missing in did. However, most of Ukrainians un- the government's mission to support contemporary Ukraine due to the past derstand the importance of Ukrainian this process and help to develop a dictatorial politics of USSR is the lan- language to its statehood and will con- strong national identity inside every guage integrity. Since the large So- tinue the noble task of promoting it citizen. Back in the Soviet times, the viet machine began functioning, it was around the country. government accomplished this mis- chosen that the only language all over For almost a century Ukraine was sion brilliantly. Every boy and every the country would be Russian. This under pressure, dictatorship and cap- girl in USSR considered themselves affected several generations of Ukrai- tivity. No doubt, that there is a lot of as Soviet people and all of them had nians and even today, almost two de- work ahead of us to wipe out all So- a strong self-identification without ex- cades later, the absence of language viet heritages that obstruct our way ceptions. However, "A medal glitters, integrity persists. Ukraine has inher- to prosperity and disturb our identity. but it also casts a shadow" [Winston ited from USSR a neglectful attitude I do believe that Ukraine has a great Churchill]. That shadow was the cul- to Ukrainian language in some of its future. I do believe that all our ef- ture of suppression of the national regions. Since the Orange Revolution, forts will bring us the results that we identities among the many ethnic we have made great progress in pro- are working for. And it is our mission groups within the country, especially moting our native language; however to complete this job so that the future Ukrainians. the legacy of the Soviet Union is still generations of our countrymen will live But what was good for the regime holding us back. Sad but true, some of in a democratic and free Ukraine. of intolerance and oppression does our countrymen oppose Ukrainian as not fit our young democratic State. We are different now. While Russians show their silent obedient consent, we are struggling for our freedom. When we have a goal – we take steps towards it. Most of Ukrainians felt it especially keenly in 2004. It was so clear to everyone on the Maidan that we are Ukrainians and we can and we CUPP will build our future by our own hands. Cosmonauts This must be clear to all Ukrainians respond: L to because the strong national identity is R: Oleksandr that ground on which the tree of unity Pankiv, C'08; Serhiy will grow. Opanasenko, We have to convey to people the C'08; Olya idea, that by taking actions to better Kroytor, C'08.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 37 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

The perception of Ukraine and Ukrainians by Russian Youth

Alexander SKIPERSKIKH Doctor of Political Science Yelets Ivan Alekseevich Bunin State University

The independence of Ukraine and any friends from Ukraine. On the other Russia brought to life a lot of new ob- hand, the Internet communication op- jective realities, following the legitima- portunities, social networks, and, more tion of statehood. The creation of na- traditionally, kinship provide the Rus- people who do not know much about tional symbolism which significantly sian students with a chance to be in Ukraine. reinforced the meaningfulness of the touch with Ukrainians and that is why We decided to ask the students archetypal concepts was one of the more than half of the respondents do whether they could marry a Ukraini- necessary scenarios. The formation of have friends in Ukraine. an. In our opinion, the answer to this identity and the discourse of unique- A variety of feedback was re- question implies the attitude of the ness and difference were secured ceived when asking about the posi- Russian students and their percep- with the help of such concepts. In this tive and negative features of Ukraini- tion of Ukrainians, touched upon in the regard the study of the perception of ans. The negative traits of Ukrainians previous queries. It could also reveal Ukraine and Ukrainians in Russia is as perceived by Yelets students are the prospects of tolerance in their re- a strategic aim for Russian authori- greediness (15.7%), cunning (7.9%), lations with Ukrainians. 59.2% of re- ties who are motivated to spread their hatred towards Russians (7.9%), im- spondents answered affirmatively. control over symbols and the territory pudence (6.6%), nationalism (5.2%), 36.8% said "No" and only 4% could of identity. This study is also relevant talkativeness (4.4%), hypocrisy not were unable to answer the ques- for political scientists who are look- (2.6%), harmfulness (2.6%), and in- tion. ing for the ways of collating individual determination (2.6%). Such negative The feedback to the question and supra-individual experience in the qualities as haughtiness, stinginess, about differences and commonalities psychological image portraits of Ukrai- reticence and propensity to steal (the between the Russian and Ukrainian nians. Our survey was conducted on image, created by the Russian author- mentalities deserves particular atten- campus of Yelets State University in ities during "the gas conflict") occurred tion. A majority of respondents (54%) February, 2010. It is based on ques- once. However, the major group in- are sure that there are definite dif- tionnaire responses of 76 Russian stu- cluded those students (every third re- ferences. 25% are not sure whether dents who kindly agreed to share their spondent, 35.3%) who could not name there are any differences and 21% of perception of Ukraine and Ukrainians. any negative feature of Ukrainians. respondents think that the Ukrainian It is important to note that most As for the positive features, the fol- and Russian mentalities and behav- of the students have never been to lowing qualities were named. Among iors are the same. As you can see, ev- Ukraine (88% of respondents), which the most popular perceived traits were ery fifth Yelets student, who filled in in our view demonstrates low mo- kindness (11.8%), hospitality (9.2%) (It the questionnaire, considers Russians bility and economic freedom of their was the feedback from students, hav- and Ukrainians to be identical. families. Only nine respondents have ing visited Ukraine.), cordiality (7.9%), This prejudice is reflected in the been to Ukraine (12%) and only two a sense of humor (7.9%), sociabil- answers about the Ukrainian cui- of them visit Ukraine regularly (2.6%). ity (5.2%), joviality (4%). Optimism sine. A lot of the meals, regarded as As a matter of course, the absence of (2.6%), generosity (2.6%), and open- Ukrainian, were those from the com- any direct experience of Ukraine and ness (2.6%) were also mentioned. mon Soviet past or meals without def- Ukrainians preconditions all the follow- Prudence, efficiency, wit, solidarity, inite ethnic origin: "okroshka" (6.6%), ing ways of perception and responses boldness, bravery (in the context of "pelmeny" (6.6%), and cutlets (2.6%). to the questionnaire. the Cossack heroic past), and the "Shchi" (!?), "vinegret" (!?), "kvas", 55% of respondents have friends drive to promote Russian in Ukraine "golubtsy", "manty" (!?), "bubliki" (!?) in Ukraine. Lack of any direct contact were named only once. The rest of re- were mentioned as well (7.9% of re- with the neighboring country explains spondents could not name any posi- spondents named them in total). By why so many students do not have tive features, which is characteristic of far the most popular are "salo" (71%) 38 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP and borsch (59%). 19.7% of respon- 6.6% of respondents but no particu- 54% of students would not support dents also mentioned "halushky" and lar details or description were pro- any presidential candidate, and six "horilka". 9.2% of students identify the vided. 6.6% of Yelets students think students were unable to answer the Ukrainian cuisine with "varenyky". 4% that there are no traditional Ukrai- question. A majority of students would of respondents remembered Chick- nian clothes because all Ukrainians not support any of the candidates but en Kiev. Despite so much confusion, wear mass-produced modern clothes. Ukrainians had to make some choice there are quite stable and stereotypi- Among traditional garments, belts and when you face a real dilemma you cal perceptions of Ukraine and Ukrai- (4%) and even "papaha" (2.6%) found rather decide it some way then try to nians through the prism of the nation- their place in the Russian percep- deny it altogether. In our case, stu- al cuisine. These associations are cer- tion of the Ukrainian clothes. Boots, dents could escape any choice by de- tainly linked to the image of ordinary "cherevychky", dresses, wreath, and claring their opposition to both major Ukrainians and help the Russians form "kokoshnik" were mentioned once. candidates, whose images are large- their own understanding of the Ukrai- Students were also asked to name ly formed by the PR agencies under nian identity. Remarkably, all the stu- famous Ukrainians. The names of the control of the Russian regime. dents had some idea about the Ukrai- V. Yushchenko (57.9%), Y. Tymosh- Students perceived the elections as a nian cuisine, which speaks about the enko (55%), V. Yanukovych (39.5%), race only between two candidates. An potency of the Ukrainian cuisine in the N. Gogol (11.8%), and S. Bandera ordinary Russian TV viewer could only provinces of Russia and penetration (11.8%) appeared most frequently. learn about two candidates. V. Yush- of the discourse about and of Ukraine L. Kuchma (6.6%), N. Makhno (4%), chenko was considered to be an out- even to the ordinary provincial Rus- A. Shevchenko (4%), T. Bulba (4%), sider from the very beginning and that sian kitchen. A. Lorak (2.6%), S. Rotaru (2.6%), is why there is so little support (if any) In contrast, much less feedback A. Voronin (2.6%) are much less of the current President. was obtained when asking the ques- known to Yelets students. B. Khmel- The question "Which cities are the tion: "Which representatives of the nytsky, A. Tymoshchuk, Klichko broth- cradles of Ukrainian politics?" could Ukrainian literature do you know?" As- ers, T. Povaliy, A. Danylko and A. Lu- shed light on the perception of the tonishingly, 57.9% named N. Gogol, kashenko (!??) were mentioned once. Ukrainian political geography. Objec- two students mentioned T. Shevchen- It is obvious that the current political tively, it would be interesting to know ko and the same number of respon- leaders of Ukraine are most promi- which geographical centers produce dents named А. Chehov. Brothers nent for the Russian students, which most political forces, defining the Zhemchuzhnikov and M. Sholokhov means there is a definite communi- modern image of Ukraine. The over- were mentioned once. 40.8% were cation sphere which shapes their vi- whelming majority of students (81.6%) not able to name at least one Ukrai- sion of Ukraine. As a matter of fact, named Kyiv but such cities as Donetsk nian man of letters. The results of the the political component is quintessen- (7.9%), Lviv (7.9%), the Crimea questionnaire lead to a sad conclu- tial in the perception of the Ukrainian (6.6%), Kharkiv (4%) and Odesa (4%) sion that aesthetic literary education identity by Yelets students. Ukraini- were also in the list. Western Ukraine, of Yelets students is in deep crisis. ans' achievements in sports, literature Yalta, Alushta, Dnipropetrovsk, Pol- It is absolutely clear that the scarcity and arts in general are made less sig- tava and even Minsk (!??) were men- of responses speaks volumes about nificant in view of the constant politi- tioned once. the alienation of the Russian students cal debates between the Russian and Perception of Ukraine and Ukrai- from Ukraine. Ukrainian authorities. nian political elites in particular are 35.5% of respondents were un- Students of Yelets State Universi- still being shaped by the discourse of able to name any items of the Ukrai- ty are informed about the presidential "the gas conflict" which gained inter- nian national clothing or identify any election 2010 in Ukraine. We asked national significance. Almost all the difference between the Russian and them to say who they would vote for Russians have been persuaded by Ukrainian national costumes. 17.1% if they could. The results of our im- the regime that Ukraine steals gas. could not identify the specific fea- promptu election are different from We asked the students whether Rus- tures of the national clothes, saying the actual results in a very interesting sia was doing right during the con- that it resembled Russian costumes. respect. V. Yanukovych received 21% flict. 72.4% of them supported the ac- 15.7% of students named "sharovary" of "votes", Y. Tymoshenko – 13.1%, V. tions of the Russian Federation. 4% as Ukrainian clothes. 7.9% of respon- Yushchenko – 2.6% (appears to be of respondents thought that Russia's dents mentioned "sarafan". The Ukrai- a joke on the side of two Yelets stu- actions had been too "mild", which nian national shirt was mentioned by dents), S. Tigipko – only one "vote". means that 76.4% of Yelets students

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 39 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER approved the actions of the Russian ly the perception of Ukraine in the membership and activism. Despite authorities. 17.1% considered these Russian eyes. Because of the risk of not being strictly representative of the actions wrong and only 6.5% of re- changing the controllable society into Russian youth perception of Ukraine, spondents were unable to answer the the hotbed of disagreement and un- the result of our questionnaire sup- questions. As you can see, "the gas rest, the regime manipulates the me- ports these claims. conflict" is often discussed in the con- dia to its benefit. Political agenda are In conclusion, the main and may- text of relations between Russia and certainly central in this process. Not be the only sponsor of creating and Ukraine not only at the level of official to mention the fact that a lot of Yelets spreading images and perceptions of institutes of power but also on the pe- students are members of the pro-re- Ukraine and Ukrainians for the Rus- riphery, among students in the prov- gime youth organizations ("NASHY", sians is the ruling Russian regime. inces. "Voluntary Youth Squad", "Young Consequently, any changes in the offi- It is necessary to acknowledge Guards", "School of youth entrepre- cial diplomatic relations between Rus- that most of the information about neurship," etc.). The loyalty to the rul- sia and Ukraine are reflected in the Ukraine is obtained by the Russians ing regime and its unconditional sup- images portrayed for and afterwards from the coverage on TV. State con- port cannot be overseen as one of the perceived by the Russian youth. trolled TV channels influence great- most important ramifications of this

Education and Knowledge will Ensure a Future for an Independent Ukraine

Iryna PUSHCHYK Karpenko-Karyy National University of Theatre, Cinema and Television, Kyiv

The Canada-Ukraine Parliamen- complete selection process, get the tary Program or CUPP was founded in chance to complete an internship in the early 90's, on the eve of the col- the Canadian Parliament, for the pe- stitutions all over Ukraine. They must lapse of the Soviet Union and the re- riod from two to three months. They be very versatile and interesting per- newal of Ukraine's independence. Its live in Ottawa close to the Parliament, sonalities, who command more than founder and director was and remains on account of the program. one foreign language and leadership Ihor Bardyn, son of Ukrainian immi- Participation in the program gives qualities. grants, lawyer by profession. Along the student an opportunity to acquire In November 2009 the Final Se- with some friends he established an working experience in the Canadian lection Meeting took place at the Ca- educational Foundation to support Parliament, improve knowledge of nadian Embassy in Kyiv. At the out- the CUPP Program. CUPP has been English or French languages, and get set, all finalists for the CUPP 2010 maintained for the past 20 years from acquainted with Canadian culture. The Program were nervous and the appre- the interest earned by the Founda- program promotes the development of hension was noticeable. But CUPP Di- tion's endowment fund. international cultural relationships be- rector Ihor Bardyn defused the tense Over these years, a lot of energy tween Ukraine and Canada. atmosphere through his inherent and effort has been put into the pro- Participants are selected on the calming, easy-going manner. He intro- gram, to bring university students to ground of academic records, fluency duced the rest of his Canadian friends Canada for a parliamentary internship, in English or French languages and on who came to Kyiv to administer final but all these endeavours are worth it, the basis of a number of competition testing and hold interviews with each because this program is a starting tasks. In order to come to the Canada applicant. Then he made some hu- point or turning point in the lives of ev- participants go through a real endur- morous remarks and we got down to ery participant of the program. All par- ance trial and tests of knowledge. writing final examinations. None of the ticipants of the Canada-Ukraine Par- The competition lasts six months and participants left without presents and liamentary Program, who sustained consists of two stages. All participants souvenirs. We all remained satisfied, the competition and went through the are students of higher educational in- though a little bit tired.

40 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Parliamentary Program continues its existence, although 2011 how sad it may sound, may become the last year of the program. CUPP may be closed because of the lack of funding. The endowment fund which was sufficient in 1991 and which has been carefully managed for 20 years is insufficient to pay for the program. The lowering of interest rates, the rise in transporta- tion, accommodation, food and other items cannot be paid for from the en- dowment fund. But we all will hope for the best. Though being unsuccessful, I feel compelled to write an article about the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Pro- gram and its Director. My special thanks to Oleksandr Pankiv, Coordinator of the CUPP Pro- gram for 2010. CUPP 2010 finalists, Ihor Bardyn CUPP Director, and HE Daniel Caron, "Education and knowledge will Ambassador of Canada to Ukraine at the Final Selection Meeting in the Cana- dian Embassy in Kyiv, November 2009. ensure a future for an independent Ukraine" are the words of Ihor Bardyn The supporters of the Canada- Regardless of difficult times, world with which he opened our meeting in Ukraine Parliamentary Program are economic crisis, the Canada-Ukraine November, in Kyiv. aware that youth is the future and that is the reason that Mr. Bardyn created CUPP in order to support future lead- ers of Ukraine. Programs such as CUPP encour- age independent thinking, expand ho- rizons, provide a unique opportunity to acquire new knowledge, and unfor- gettable impressions. Many former in- terns from the Canada-Ukraine Parlia- mentary Program become famous and successful individuals and continue their studies in prestigious universi- ties of Canada, Britain, the EU and America. As for me, participation in CUPP competition helped to understand that Ukrainian Diaspora did not forget about Ukraine and nowadays provides an activity in order to change the situ- ation in their ancestral Homeland. The Ukrainian Diaspora in Canada keenly follows today's life of Ukraine and monitors from across the ocean all events which occur in Ukraine's politi- L to R: Andriy Oleniuk; Oleksandr Aleksandrovych (Embassy of cal, cultural and economical life. Ukraine) Washington; Professor Henry Hale at CUPP Washington MODEL UKRAINE Conference. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 41 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

VOLUME 57, NUMBER 5 – MARCH 25, 2010 Gogol Haunts the New Ukraine

by Timothy SNYDER Republished with permission of The New York Review of Books

Viktor Yanukovych, seen five With time, however, this face of votes than Yanukovych in most parts years ago as the vote-stealing villain courage became the face of failure. of the country. In a typical display of of the Orange Revolution, was elect- Even as Yushchenko slowly regained tactical bombast, she initially refused ed president of Ukraine on February his physical strength, his political to recognize the results and filed a 7. The incumbent president, Viktor strength faded. What energy remained protest in court. Though she has since Yushchenko, the hero of the mass he devoted to feuding with his former then withdrawn that judicial chal- protests demanding fair elections in ally, Tymoshenko. Repeating the mis- lenge, she maintains that Yanukovych 2004, had already been eliminated take of every president before him, he rigged the vote. In the end, her pro- in the first round three weeks earlier. created an institution that duplicated test served to illustrate just how close This left Prime Minister Yulia Tymosh- the functions of the government, and the election actually was. Since the enko to represent those who had won then fought with Tymoshenko over difference between Yanukovych and the right to a working democracy. De- questions of who would be responsi- Tymoshenko in the second round was spite a strenuous campaign for the ble for which functions. 3.5 percent, with 4.5 percent of voters presidency, she received only 45.5 Tymoshenko, the "queen of the voting against both candidates, more percent to Yanukovych's 49 percent, revolution" five years ago, is best people voted against Yanukovych with 4.5 percent voting against both known for the traditional Ukrainian than for him. candidates.[1] How to account for this braid in which she wears her long The Gogolian parts of Viktor Yan- dramatic reversal of heroes and vil- blond hair. She presents herself as ukovych's body are his hands, which lains, and for the democratic return of the only real man in Ukrainian politics, used to steal fur coats and beat people a man who himself rejected democ- but also as trustworthy because she up. As a teenage member of a local racy? Ukrainian politics is full of the is feminine. When Yanukovych re- gang – he grew up near Yenakiieve, courageous and the grotesque, and it fused to debate her, she said (reason- a city in the Donetsk region of south- is no easy task to tell the difference. ably enough) that she could smell his eastern Ukraine – he was imprisoned The best guide to the careers of fear. During the electoral campaign, for theft in 1967 and for assault and Yanukovych, Yushchenko, and Tymo­ the braid was to be seen resting on a battery in 1970. These are hands that shenko is , who brought white tiger in posters; on election day, are not comfortable with pen and pa- the absurd to Russian literature. In it was just visible above the hood of per. In 2004, while registering for his his short story "The Nose," a barber the long white fur coat that Tymosh- first run for president, Yanukovych finds the nose of one of his clients in enko wore to vote in her home city of misspelled his place of birth, his home his breakfast roll. The severed nose Dnipropetrovsk. She ran for president region, the institute of higher learning then takes on a life and an identity of from a seemingly hopeless position, where he earned his degree, and, un- its own. In Ukrainian politics, the dis- as the sitting prime minister of a coun- forgettably, his most recent academic figured face is that of outgoing Presi- try whose economy had shrunk by 15 distinction: the title of "proffessor."[4] dent Yushchenko. During the previ- percent in the previous year. Even Between then and now, the hands ous presidential election campaign, he though she lost to Yanukovych, she were the part of Yanukovych that most survived what could have been a fatal confirmed her position as Ukraine's visibly changed. Under the tutelage of dose of dioxin, and fought the rest of most energetic politician.[3] the American political consultant Paul the campaign and then served as Despite running as an incumbent J. Manafort, Yanukovych has become president with his face covered with during an economic collapse, she al- artful in speaking with his hands. He horrible lesions from the poisoning. most won the election. In an Ameri- has never shown himself able to an- During his term, European specialists can-style electoral-vote system with a swer questions about matters of pol- observed the slow purge of the dioxin bonus for winning regions, she would icy in the conventional oral fashion, from his body.[2] have won, since she received more and still cannot. But the hands now

42 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP inscribe lovely arcs, form pyramids, display of democratic elections."[7] highly dependent upon International and reveal open palms. The gestures Tymoshenko said after the first Monetary Fund loans, recently lost hardly ever bear any relationship to round that "Ukraine is a democratic access to a major bailout package be- what Yanukovych is saying, but they European country, which means that cause of its failure to meet budgetary are pleasant to watch. If you put your Yanukovych, who supports criminal targets. Tymoshenko, who as prime own hands over your ears, or turn off circles, has no chance."[8] But that is minister is responsible for this state of the sound of the television, you can get not how democracy works. Despite affairs, perhaps had little choice at a the message: this is a modern man, his record, Yanukovych can indeed time of crushing economic depression a sophisticated man, someone who be elected president in free elections. than to borrow from abroad and redis- knows how to communicate, someone Many of his voters actually saw him as tribute at home. Yanukovych seems to who can be trusted. the lesser evil, preferring his soporific have few other ideas himself. In Ukrainian discussions of elec- rhetoric to the authoritarian tendencies Now Yanukovych faces a basic toral fraud, "dead souls" is a term of of Tymoshenko, who identifies herself choice. Will he do the easy thing and art. In Gogol's novel of that title, the with the Ukrainian nation as such and simply allow economic policy to drift hero travels about the Russian Em- treats political opponents as enemies in the directions that his backers pre- pire, acquiring ownership rights to de- to be purged from political life. Of the fer? Just as he was five years ago, ceased serfs.[5] In the Russian Empire, two of them, it is Tymoshenko rather Yanukovych is closely associated with serfs were counted as "souls," and the than Yanukovych who today draws a few extremely rich men from south- protagonist's plan was to acquire the more comparisons to Vladimir Putin. eastern Ukraine, all of whom have in- documented rights to so many "dead After declaring victory, Yanu- terests that they would like now to see souls" that he would appear to be kovych called upon Tymoshenko to re- advanced. The billionaire steel mag- wealthy. In Ukrainian elections, de- sign from the office of prime minister. nate Rinat Akhmetov, Yanukovych's ceased people on the electoral rolls But under the Ukrainian political sys- longtime ally and a parliamentary dep- who somehow manage to enter a vote tem he cannot simply dismiss her. A uty from his Party of Regions, would are called dead souls. In 2004, Yan- lasting gain of the Orange Revolution, like to take part in the privatization of ukovych's team raised electoral fraud in addition to its confirming the demo- Ukraine's electricity sector. Another to an entirely new level. Rather than cratic process, was the weakening billionaire, Dmytro Firtash, would like counting on the votes of the dead, of the office of the president, who no to regain his dominant position in the they invented more than a million peo- longer enjoys total executive power.[9] transportation of natural gas from Rus- ple who never existed. As the returns Today a president can only name a sia, which he lost under Yushchenko came in to the Central Electoral Com- government if parliament accepts it, and Tymoshenko.[11] mission by e-mail, Yanukovych's team which means that Yanukovych must Yuri Lutsenko, the minister of improved them by adding votes. assemble a parliamentary majority internal affairs, warns of an "illegal Yanukovych has never admitted to behind his slate. So while the head privatization of the country" under Ya- any wrongdoing, and maintains to this of Yanukovych's election staff calls nukovych. On the other hand, the oli- day that those elections were fair, and Tymoshenko "totalitarian," the deputy garchs are less wealthy and confident that the subsequent round in which leader of his Party of Regions is aware than they were before the financial he lost to Yushchenko was illegal.[6] of the difficulty: "How can you name a crisis, and may have learned from the Although Tymoshenko claims that Ya- new government when you don't have Orange Revolution not to flaunt mon- nukovych once again stole the presi- a coalition?"[10] In order to get rid of Ty- ey to show their power. Adrian Karat- dential election in 2010, this seems moshenko, Yanukovych may have to nycky, a well-informed observer, goes unlikely to be true. Since Yushchenko resort to new parliamentary elections, so far as to claim that "the oligarchs was president and Tymoshenko was which his party could lose. These are around Mr. Yanukovych became eco- prime minister during the elections, the first presidential elections under nomically transparent" – i.e., accepted Yanukovych was running without ac- the new constitutional arrangement, Western models of accountancy and cess to any nationwide executive au- and it will take time for the dust to set- management – and see their future thority. This time, unlike in 2004, the tle. Yanukovych's chances of making in "Ukraine's eventual integration into exit polls matched the vote counts a dashing entrance to power are zero. the rich EU market."[12] closely. And unlike back then, Yanu- Yanukovych's ability to repair the That is possible. The fundamental kovych knew from preelection polling Ukrainian economy is similarly lim- question here, for any Ukrainian con- that he could win without cheating. ited. He ran on promises to increase cerned about relations with the EU, is The International Election Observers government expenditure on pensions the establishment of the rule of law. Mission has praised "an impressive and other welfare measures. Ukraine, Gogol identified the problem in his

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 43 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER comic play The Government Inspec- and his oligarchic supporters choose, Russian, regards Ukrainian as the lan- tor: the state is too weak to be predict- they will seek to maintain the indepen- guage of politics and high culture. able, but strong enough to be arbitrary. dence of the Ukrainian state. A Ukrai- Ukrainian and Russian culture are Yushchenko came to power five years nian oligarch such as Akhmetov has permanently entangled. Fyodr Dos- ago with the promise to end corruption no reason to expose his steel-based toevsky said of Russian literature, "We in Ukraine, but can claim success only economic empire to competition from have all come out of Gogol's 'Over- in a few individual cases. According to Russian businessmen or scrutiny from coat'"; but Gogol himself came from Transparency International, Ukraine the Russian police. Ukraine. (The Poltava region where is one of the most corrupt countries in Yanukovych did not become pres- Gogol was from – he was born in the the world, tied for 146th place (out of ident of Ukraine in order to cede his village of Velyki Sorochyntsi in 1809 180) with countries such as Zimbabwe authority to the Kremlin over ques- – went for Tymoshenko in the recent and Ecuador. tions such as transit fees for Russian election, and five years ago for Yush- Because the office of the presi- natural gas and basing rights for the chenko.) The high culture of the Rus- dent is not very strong, and because Russian Black Sea Fleet at the Ukrai- sian Empire owed much to Ukraine Yanukovych is a client of industrialists, nian port of Sevastopol. He is a tough (known then also as South Russia or Ukraine is an unlikely candidate for man, and perhaps psychically better Little Russia), which for centuries had the solution to corruption chosen by equipped than Yushchenko for five better educational institutions and Vladimir Putin in Russia: to break the years of bruising encounters with the a larger educated elite than Russia oligarchs – or some of them – by force Kremlin. During the campaign Tymo­ proper. Gogol was one of thousands and then declare a victory for law. shenko spoke Ukrainian and Yanu- of people from Ukraine who supplied Without reducing corruption, this has kovych chiefly Russian, which served the Russian Empire with profession- made Russia an authoritarian state. to emphasize Tymoshenko's more als, bureaucrats, and writers. It was Russia, as it happens, is also tied for European orientation. But while Ya- late in the nineteenth century that 146th in the Transparency Internation- nukovych stressed the need for im- the direction of influence reversed, al index. There is only one way to gov- proved relations with Russia and for and Russian imperial officials began ern Ukraine today: close tax loopholes, preservation of the Russian language to regard the Ukrainian language as tax oligarchs, give a tax break to the in Ukraine, this says little about his something to be suppressed. Then a middle classes so that small business- identity or the kind of foreign policy he Ukrainian national movement sought es can emerge from underground, and envisages. to distinguish itself from the Russian above all ensure that the enforcement Ukraine is an essentially bilingual high culture that previous generations of tax laws is fair. It is just thinkable country, with monolingual fringes of had helped to create. that Yanukovych could appeal to the Ukrainian speakers in the west and During the Soviet period, Ukrai- reason and the long-term interests of Russian speakers in the south and nian culture was always regarded as the leaders of Ukrainian industry and southeast (particularly in the Crimean distinct, even as Russian became the enlist their support in a campaign for peninsula, which was added by de- standard language among educated the rule of law. Ukraine is like Europe cree to Soviet Ukraine in 1954). As people in most of the country. The ex- in its democracy and like Russia in its Yanukovych's supporters will soon ception was the Ukrainian-speaking corruption; more than anything else, it learn, his proposal to add Russian to far west, which was annexed to the is corruption and the absence of legal Ukrainian as a second state language Soviet Union from Poland, Czecho- predictability that keep it out of the would require an unattainable major- slovakia, and Romania as a result of European Union. ity in the Ukrainian parliament. Yanu- World War II. Yanukovych's origins, his career kovych himself is likely to speak more During the Orange Revolution, in the southeastern Ukrainian region and better Ukrainian in the future. As Vladimir Putin conflated speakers of of Donetsk, and his populist endorse- other Russian-speaking politicians Russian with Russians; this is a mis- ment of Russian as a second state (including Tymoshenko, also from the take that Moscow will no longer make, language for Ukraine sometimes lead southeast) have found before him, the even if Western journalists sometimes commentators to question his commit- Ukrainian language is a way to distin- still do. Putin's support for Yanukovych ment to Ukrainian independence. But guish high office in Ukraine from high in 2004 was outspoken and arrogant; the very closeness of his connections office elsewhere, and distinction is this time it was all but indiscernible, to the Ukrainian business oligarchy something that heads of state like to so much so that relations between the makes any move toward economic or have. Once he is installed in Kiev, Ya- two men are said to be troubled.[13] Pu- political union with Russia unlikely. nukovych will be surrounded by an ed- tin is glad to see Yushchenko go: his In fact, whatever course Yanukovych ucated population that, while it speaks victory last time was too clearly Putin's

44 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP defeat, and his emphasis on the need es Ukrainian vowels and misuses can make clear that membership is a to remember the evils of Stalin struck Ukrainian phrases, he is doing so in a future possibility for Ukraine, and try too close to home. Putin and Dmitri way that is characteristic of millions of to specify improvements in the rule Medvedev expressed their willingness Ukrainians, his people. of law that would lead to measurable to work with either Yanukovych or Ty- Post-Soviet Ukraine, like the Sovi- rewards from the EU along the way moshenko. et Union, allows for astonishingly rapid – for example, greater access to EU Yanukovych will almost certainly social advance. It was quite normal in markets and easier travel to EU mem- try to steer a course between Rus- the USSR for people who could not ber states. Should Yanukovych wish sia and the Western powers, using write to rise to positions of immense to address the deeper problems of the one against the other. He rejects power. Nikita Khrushchev, who was the people who elected him, the West NATO membership for Ukraine, which also a worker in the Donetsk region, should be prepared to support him. Yushchenko supported. This means also had great problems with the writ- – February 25, 2010 little: a very large majority of the Ukrai- ten language. Now Yanukovych has nian population has opposed joining reached the heights of power, and Notes the alliance ever since the United he has overcome whatever shame he [1] Timothy Garton Ash and I described the Or- States invaded Iraq. might have felt at the fact and manner ange Revolution in The New York Review, April 28, 2005. Further footnotes appear in the Web Yanukovych has also promised of his earlier defeat. Something similar version of this article at www.nybooks.com. to recognize South Ossetia, the Rus- could be said of his longtime ally, the [2] O. Sorg et al. "2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo- sian puppet state created after the oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. p-dioxin (TCDD) Poisoning in Victor Yushchen­ Russian invasion of Georgia in 2008. In Gogol's "The Overcoat," a ko: Identification and Measurement of TCDD It seems unlikely that he will do this, humble and honest man scrimps and Metabolites," The Lancet, Vol. 374, No. 9696 (October 3, 2009). since Ukraine, like Georgia, is Russia's saves to buy a warm fur coat, which [3] The political scientist Lucan Way was quick neighbor, and it makes little sense to is then promptly stolen, leaving him to with a similar analysis in "The Ukrainian Elec- endorse territorial changes created by fall ill and die. Yanukovych once stole tion: Tymoshenko's Strong Showing," his Feb- force. Even Belarus has not done so. coats, and once stole votes. Though ruary 9, 2010, post on the University of Toron- Barring such a strong signal, it would now he buys ostrich-leather shoes to's Ukraine 2010 Election Watch blog. [4] The offending document was reproduced in be best to understand Yanukovych's and wins elections, he knows what Ukraпns'ka Pravda, September 21, 2004. emphasis on the Russian language poverty and corruption mean. There [5] The translation of Dead Souls by Richard as designed for domestic rather than is a chance, even if a small one, that Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky is excellent geopolitical use, and to make sure Yanukovych will use his contacts with (Pantheon, 1996; Everyman's Library, 2004). that he has an option to collaborate business, and the particular advan- [6] For a good account of the period, see Serhy Yekelchyk, Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation with the West should he wish to pur- tages of his upbringing, to address the (Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 193–227. sue such a path. basic problem that keeps Ukrainians in [7] "Yanukovych Apparent Winner in Ukrai- Gogol's grotesque humor was frustration and poverty not only in the nian Vote," The New York Times, February 8, meant to lead the reader, unawares, southeast but throughout the country: 2010. to the question of social injustice. In the absence of the rule of law. This is [8] Kanal 5, January 17, 2010. "The Overcoat," Dead Souls, The Gov- where European and American atten- [9] For analysis of the weaknesses of the previ- ous system, see Paul D'Anieri, Understanding ernment Inspector, and "The Nose," tion should be focused. What, after Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, and Institu- he ridiculed ostentation to reveal the all, can the US teach Ukraine about tional Design (M.E. Sharpe, 2007). everyday pain created by inequal- democracy? Sixty-nine percent of the [10] Quotations from Mykola Azarov and Hanna ity. It is here, in the poverty visible in Ukrainian electorate went to the polls Herman in Den' (Kiev), February 12, 2010. southeastern Ukraine, that one can in freezing temperatures to choose [11] Serhiy Leshchenko, "Viktor Yanukovych zi- brav oliharkhichnyi banket," Ukraпns'ka Prav- see the source of Yanukovych's popu- between very flawed candidates; in da, February 12, 2010. larity. His childhood as an orphan, his 2008, 63 percent of eligible Americans [12] See Dzerkalo Tyzhnia, February 5–12, 2010; working-class origins, and his spotty chose to vote. and Adrian Karatnycky, "Re-Introducing Viktor education make him "one of us" to The United States can seek to Yanukovych," The Wall Street Journal, Febru- millions of people in industrial south- support some of the thousands of re- ary 7, 2010. [13] Yanukovych cannot be especially pleased eastern Ukraine. That he could not fill markable individuals – lawyers, educa- to be called a "demagogue" and an "eternal out a form in proper Ukrainian makes tors, journalists, and scientists among loser" by Modest Kolerov, once the head of an him sympathetic to many people in them – and small nongovernmental office designed to improve relations between his home region of Donetsk, who are organizations that still struggle to give Russia and its neighbors. See Russkii Zhurnal, February. frustrated by similar experiences on a Ukrainian democracy the content of regular basis. When he mispronounc- a civil society under the law. The EU

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 45 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Привид Гоголя переслідує сучасну Україну

легко. побачити на голові білого тигра; а Найкращий ключ до розуміння в день виборів коса виднілася над кар'єри Януковича, Ющенка і Тимо­ коміром довгого білого хутряного шенко – Микола Гоголь, який при- пальта, в яке вбралася Тимошенко, вніс у російську літературу абсурд. голосуючи в рідному місті Дніпропе­ У його повісті «Ніс» цирульник зна- тровську. Вона балотувалася у пре- ходить ніс одного зі своїх клієнтів зиденти в, здається, безнадійному у хлібі за сніданком. Розлучений з статусі чинного прем'єр-міністра господарем ніс починає жити влас- країни, ВВП якої минулого року ско- ним життям і набуває власну іден- ротився на 15%. Навіть програвши Демократією схожа на Європу, тичність. В українській політиці роль Януковичу, Тимошенко підтвердила а корупцією – на Росію. Така ниніш- деформованого обличчя виконує репутацію найенергійнішого політи- ня Україна – з її живим демократич- лице колишнього президента Ющен- ка України. ним процесом, корупцією, швидким ка. Під час попередньої президент- Попри участь у виборах у ролі просуванням із низів, російською ської кампанії він вижив після нібито представника чинної влади в умовах мовою та непростими відносинами смертельної дози діоксину, боров- економічного краху, вона майже виг- з Росією. Багато в чому зрозуміти ся до кінця перегонів і став прези­ рала їх. За американською системою сучасну Україну, в тому числі ос- дентом. Президентом, обличчя яко- голосування, де передбачені бонуси танні політичні процеси та перемогу го вкривали страшні шрами від отру­ за перемогу в кожному регіоні, вона Януковича, можна на основі творів єння. За час його каденції під на- б перемогла, адже отримала більше Миколи Гоголя – пише історик Тімоті глядом європейських спеціалістів голосів, ніж Янукович, у більшості Снайдер у статті для американсько- діоксин поступово виводили з його областей країни. Вдавшись до типо­ го журналу The New York Review of організму. вого тактичного пафосу, спочатку Books. Однак із часом обличчя, що сим- вона відмовилася визнати результа- 7 лютого Віктор Янукович, який волізувало відвагу, перетворилося ти й звернулася до суду. Хоча зго- п'ять років тому під час Помаранче- на обличчя провалу. Ющенко посту­ дом Тимошенко й відкликала позов, вої революції вважався фальсифіка- пово повертав свою фізичну силу, та вона продовжує стверджувати, що тором-лиходієм, був обраний прези- сила політична блякла. Рештки енер­ Янукович сфальсифікував вибори. дентом України. Попередній прези- гії він спрямовував на ворожнечу з Зрештою, її протест проілюстрував, дент Віктор Ющенко – герой масо- колишньою союзницею Тимошенко. наскільки незначним насправді був вих протестів 2004 року, коли народ Повторивши помилки всіх поперед- розрив між кандидатами. Врахову- вимагав чесних виборів, – вибув з ніх президентів, він створив інститу- ючи, що відрив Януковича від Тимо- гри ще після першого туру, за три цію, яка дублювала функції уряду, шенко в другому турі становив 3,5%, тижні до цього. Отже, представляти й боровся з Тимошенко за розподіл а 4,5% виборців проголосували про- тих, хто виборов тоді право на дієву повноважень. ти обох кандидатів, проти Янукови- демократію, лишилося прем'єр-міні­ Тимошенко – «королева револю- ча проголосувало більше людей, ніж стру Юлії Тимошенко. Незважаючи ції» п'ятирічної давності, усім відо- за нього. на активну виборчу кампанію до пре­ ма своєю традиційною українською Гоголівські частини тіла Вікто- зидентських виборів, вона отрима- косою, в яку вона заплітає довге ра Януковича – це руки, які колись ла тільки 45,5% голосів проти 49% біляве волосся. Вона позиціонує се­ крали хутряні шапки й били людей. Януковича (4,5% виборців проголо- бе єдиним справжнім чоловіком в Підлітком, будучи членом місцевої сували проти обох кандидатів). Як українській політиці й водночас гід- банди (Янукович провів дитинство в пояснити цю різку зміну героїв і ли- ним довіри політиком, оскільки вона Єнакієвому, місті в Донецькій облас- ходіїв та демократичне повернення жінка. Коли Янукович відмовився ті на південному сході України), він людини, яка особисто переступила взяти участь у дебатах із нею, вона потрапив до в'язниці в 1967 році за через демократію? Українська полі- сказала (досить резонно), що відчу­ крадіжку, а в 1970-му – за напад на тика сповнена відваги й гротеску, ває його страх. Під час виборчої кам­ людину та побиття. Це руки, яким але відрізнити одне від другого не- панії на плакатах її косу можна було дискомфортно, коли доводиться

46 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

мати справу з ручкою і папером. У ли більш ніж мільйон людей, які ні- вич закликав Тимошенко подати у 2004 році, реєструючись кандида- коли не існували. І коли результати відставку з посади прем'єр-міністра. том у президенти, Янукович непра- виборів надходили до Центральної Але в українській політичній системі вильно написав місце свого народ- виборчої комісії електронною пош- він не може просто звільнити її. По- ження, назву рідної області, вищого тою, команда Януковича підправля- тужним здобутком Помаранчевої навчального закладу, де здобув ла їх, додаючи голоси. революції, на додачу до утверджен- учений ступінь, і залишив незабутні Янукович так і не визнав пору- ня демократичного процесу, було спогади про своє нещодавно здобу- шень й донині стверджує, що ті ви- послаблення інституту президентс- те академічне звання: «проффесо- бори були чесними і що переголосу- тва. Президент більше не зосеред- ра». вання, яке він програв Ющенку, було жує в руках усю виконавчу владу. Але між «тоді» і «тепер» ці руки незаконним. Хоча Тимошенко ствер- Тепер він може призначити уряд, стали частиною Януковича, яка най- джує, що Янукович знову підтасував лише коли парламент ухвалить таке більш помітно змінилася. За допо- результати президентських виборів рішення, а це означає, що Януко- могою американського політичного у 2010 році, це видається малой- вич має сформувати навколо своєї консультанта Пола Дж. Манафорта мовірним. З огляду на те, що на час програми парламентську більшість. Янукович опанував мистецтво про- виборів Ющенко був президентом, Тож у той час, як голова виборчого мовляти жестами. Він ніколи не про- а Тимошенко – прем'єр-міністром, штабу Януковича називає Тимошен- являв здатності відповідати на полі- Янукович балотувався, не маючи ко схильною до «тоталітаризму», тичні питання звичайним словесним жодного доступу до адміністратив­ заступник глави Партії регіонів усві- способом і досі не вміє цього роби- ного ресурсу в загальнонаціональ- домлює проблему: «Як можна при- ти. Але його руки тепер виводять ному масштабі. Цього разу, на відмі- значити новий уряд, коли немає ко- дивовижні дуги, утворюють пірамі- ну від 2004 року, результати екзит- аліції?» Аби позбутися Тимошенко, ди й демонструють відкриті долоні. полів майже повністю відповідали Янукович може вдатися до оголо- Жести майже ніколи не мають жод- підрахунку голосів. І, на відміну від шення дострокових парламентських ного стосунку до того, що каже Яну- тих виборів, Янукович, завдяки пе- виборів, на яких його партія може кович, але на це приємно дивитися. редвиборчим опитуванням, знав, що програти [стаття написана 25 люто- Якщо прикрити руками вуха або від- може перемогти без фальсифікацій. го. – Прим. перекл.]. Це перші пре- ключити звук у телевізорі, то мож- Місія міжнародних спостерігачів зидентські вибори після внесення на отримати наступний меседж: це на виборах оцінила голосування як змін до Конституції, і знадобиться сучасна, рафінована людина, якій «вражаючий приклад демократич- час, доки все врегулюється. Шанси можна довіряти і яка знає, як спіл- них виборів». Януковича на стрімке здобуття вла- куватися. Тимошенко сказала після першо- ди – нульові. У дискусіях в Україні про фаль- го туру, що «Україна – демократич- Можливості Януковича для від- сифікацію голосів «мертві душі» – на європейська країна, а це означає, новлення української економіки так це юридичний термін. В одноймен- що Янукович, який підтримує кримі- само обмежені. Він давав обіцян- ному романі Гоголя герой подоро- нальні елементи, не має шансів». ки збільшити державні видатки на жує Російською імперією, скупову- Але демократія працює зовсім інак- пенсії та інші соціальні виплати. Укра- ючи права на мертвих кріпаків. У ше. Навіть із такою біографією Яну- їна, що істотно залежить від позик Російській імперії кріпаки рахува- кович може бути обраний президен- Міжнародного валютного фонду, не- лися «подушно». І план головного том на вільних виборах. Чимало його щодавно втратила доступ до велико- героя полягав у тому, щоб скупити виборців справді бачили в ньому го пакета допомоги, бо не спромог- на папері права на стільки «мертвих менше зло, віддаючи перевагу його лася виконати вимоги стосовно жор­ душ», щоб можна було видаватися нудній риториці перед авторитар- сткого бюджету. Тимошенко, яка як багатієм. На українських виборах ними схильностями Тимошенко, яка прем'єр-міністр відповідає за стан «мертвими душами» називають по- ототожнює себе з українською на- економіки, напевне, у період тяжкої мерлих людей у списках виборців, цією як такою і поводиться з полі- економічної депресії і не мала особ- що якимось дивом беруть участь у тичними опонентами як з ворогами, ливого вибору, окрім як брати пози- голосуванні. У 2004 році команда яких потрібно усунути з політичного ки за кордоном та витрачати ці кош- Януковича підняла фальсифікацію життя. Із них двох саме Тимошенко, ти на внутрішні потреби. Янукович, виборів на цілком новий рівень. За- а не Янукович, навіює сьогодні біль- схоже, має небагато інших ідей. мість того, щоб підраховувати голо- ше порівнянь із Владіміром Путіним. Сьогодні Янукович опинився пе- си померлих виборців, вони вигада- Проголосивши перемогу, Януко- ред важливим вибором. Чи піде він

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 47 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

найлегшим шляхом і просто дозво- Україна – одна з найбільш корумпо- курс оберуть Янукович і його прибіч- лить економічній політиці зміщува- ваних країн у світі. Вона посідає 146 ники-олігархи, вони намагатимуться тися в напрямку, який вигідний його місце (зі 180) і перебуває на одному утвердити незалежність української спонсорам? Як і п'ять років тому, рівні із Зімбабве та Еквадором. держави. Український олігарх, на Янукович тісно пов'язаний із кілько- З огляду на те, що влада пре- кшталт Ахметова, не має інтересу ма надзвичайно багатими людьми з зидента сьогодні не надто сильна, наражати свою сталеливарну еко- південного сходу України. Усі вони і Янукович до того ж залежить від номічну імперію на конкуренцію з мають свої інтереси і тепер прагну- промисловців, Україна навряд чи російськими бізнесменами чи конт- тимуть їх реалізації. Мільярдер, ста- має шанси на викорінення корупції роль з боку російської міліції. леливарний магнат Рінат Ахметов, методом, до якого вдався Владімір Янукович став президентом Ук- давній соратник Януковича і депу- Путін у Росії: зламати олігархів чи раїни не для того, щоб поступитися тат парламенту від Партії регіонів, хоча б декого з них силою і тоді владою Кремлю в таких питаннях, хотів би взяти участь у приватизації проголосити перемогу закону. Не як тарифи на транзит російського електроенергетичного сектору Ук- зменшивши корупцію, Росія внаслі- природного газу і базування росій- раїни. Ще один мільярдер Дмитро док цього стала авторитарною де- ського Чорноморського флоту в ук- Фірташ хотів би повернути доміную- ржавою. Росія, як виявилося, та- раїнському порту Севастополі. Він чі позиції в транспортуванні природ- кож посідає 146 місце в рейтингу жорстка людина й, можливо, психо- ного газу з Росії, які він втратив за Transparency International. Сьогодні логічно краще готовий, аніж Ющен- правління Ющенка і Тимошенко. є лише єдиний спосіб вирішення цієї ко, до п’яти років травмонебезпеч- Міністр внутрішніх справ Юрій проблеми в Україні: закрити лазів- них сутичок із Кремлем. Під час Луценко застерігає перед «незакон­ ки для ухиляння від сплати подат- виборчої кампанії Тимошенко роз- ною приватизацією країни» за пре- ків, обкласти податками олігархів, мовляла українською, а Янукович зидентства Януковича. З іншого бо­ влаштувати податкові канікули се- здебільшого російською, що додат- ку, олігархи не такі багаті й самов- редньому класу, щоб малий бізнес ково підкреслювало більш європей- певнені, як до фінансової кризи. І, міг вийти з тіні, і найголовніше – за- ську орієнтацію Тимошенко. Але хоч напевно, Помаранчева революція безпечити справедливе застосу- Янукович і наголошував на потребі навчила їх, що не варто хизувати- вання податкових законів. Досить покращити відносини з Росією та ся грошима, аби продемонструвати реальним видається апелювання захистити російську мову в Україні, свою владу. Добре поінформований Януковича до здорового глузду й це мало що говорить про його іден- спостерігач Адріан Каратницький довгострокових інтересів лідерів тичність чи зовнішню політику, яку навіть стверджує, що «олігархи з української промисловості, які мог- він планує проводити. оточення пана Януковича стали еко- ли б надати підтримку у кампанії за Україна – по суті двомовна номічно прозорими» – наприклад, пе­ утвердження верховенства права. країна, з одномовними полюсами рейшли на західні стандарти бухоб- Україна схожа на Європу у своїй де- – україномовним заходом та росій- ліку та менеджменту – і бачать своє мократії та на Росію у своїй корупції; ськомовними сходом і південним майбутнє в «можливій інтеграції Ук- більше за будь-що інше саме коруп- сходом (особливо тут виділяється раїни до багатого ринку ЄС». ція й правова непередбачуваність Кримський півострів, приєднаний Це цілком можливо. Фундамен- не дає їй наблизитися до Європей- до Української РСР у 1954 році). Як тальне питання тут для будь-якого ського Союзу. незабаром усвідомлять прихильни- українця, зацікавленого у розвитку Походження Януковича, його ки Януковича, для реалізації його відносин з ЄС, – це утвердження кар'єра в Донецькій області (Пів- пропозиції зробити російську дру- верховенства права. Гоголь визна- денно-Східна Україна) та його по- гою державною мовою знадобиться чив цю проблему в комедії «Реві- пулістські обіцянки зробити росій- конституційна більшість голосів в ук- зор»: держава надто слабка, щоб ську другою державною мовою раїнському парламенті, яку набрати бути передбачуваною, але достат- України інколи змушують комента- нереально. Сам Янукович скоріше ньо сильна, щоб бути деспотичною. торів сумніватися в його відданості за все в майбутньому більше і краще Ющенко прийшов до влади п’ять ідеї української незалежності. Але спілкуватиметься українською. Як років тому, пообіцявши покласти саме дуже тісні зв'язки Януковича з переконувалися інші російськомов- край корупції в Україні, але успіхом українською бізнес-олігархією роб- ні політики до Януковича (зокрема може похвалитися лише в кількох лять малоймовірними будь-які кро- Тимошенко – також із південного окремих випадках. За даними ор- ки убік економічного чи політичного сходу України), українська мова ганізації Transparency International, союзу з Росією. Насправді, хоч який – спосіб вирізнити високу посаду в

48 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Україні від високої посади деінде. А хоча західні журналісти все ще де- у Південно-Східній Україні – мож- вирізнятися глави держав люблять. коли роблять. Путінова підтримка на побачити коріння популярності Як тільки розпочнеться президентс- Януковича в 2004 році була відкри- Януковича. Його сирітське дитинс- тво Януковича, він опиниться в ото- тою і зверхньою; цього разу її зовсім тво, приналежність до робітничого ченні освіченого населення, яке хоч не було помітно, ба більше, кажуть класу, сумнівна освіта роблять його і спілкується російською, сприймає навіть, що стосунки між двома полі- «одним із нас» для мільйонів людей українську як мову політики та висо- тиками стали проблемними. Путін на промисловому південному сході кої культури. радіє відходу Ющенка: минулого України. Хай він не може нормаль- Українська та російська культу- разу його перемога надто промо- ною українською заповнити анкету, ри назавжди переплетені. Фьодор висто говорила про поразку Путіна, але так він стає близьким багатьом Достоєвський говорив про російсь- а наполягання Ющенка пам’ятати людям у рідній Донецькій області, ку літературу: «Усі ми вийшли з го- про злодіяння Сталіна надто сильно які не раз стикалися з тим самим. голівської шинелі»; а сам Гоголь по- зачіпали Росію. Путін і Дмітрій Мед­ Коли він неправильно вимовляє ук- ходженням з України. (Полтавська вєдєв висловили готовність працю- раїнські голосні й некоректно вжи- область, звідки походив Гоголь – він вати і з Януковичем, і з Тимошенко. ває українські звороти, він робить народився в селі Великі Сорочин- Янукович майже напевне нама- це так само, як і мільйони українців ці у 1809 році, – підтримала на ос- гатиметься лавірувати між Росією – його народ. танніх виборах Тимошенко, а п’ять та Заходом, використовуючи їх одне У пострадянській Україні, як і в років тому – Ющенка.) Висока куль- проти другого. Він відкидає ідею Радянському Союзі, склалися спри- тура Російської імперії багато чим членства України в НАТО, яку від- ятливі умови для дивовижно швид- зобов’язана Україні (відома в ті часи стоював Ющенко. Це не має особ- кого просування суспільною драби- як Південна Росія чи Малоросія), яка ливого значення: більшість українсь- ною. Для СРСР цілком нормальним століттями мала кращі освітні закла- кого народу виступає проти вступу було, коли малограмотні люди дося- ди й більш освічену еліту, ніж сама до альянсу ще відтоді, як Сполучені гали високих владних посад. Мики- Росія. Гоголь був одним із тисяч Штати вторглися в Ірак. та Хрущов, який також був робітни- вихідців з України, які забезпечили Янукович також пообіцяв виз- ком із Донецької області, мав великі Російську імперію професіоналами нати незалежність Південної Осетії проблеми з письмовою мовою. Те- – чиновниками та письменниками. – російської маріонеткової держави, пер Янукович дістався верхівки вла- Лише наприкінці дев'ятнадцятого створеної після війни Росії з Грузією ди і переборов увесь сором, який міг століття вектор впливу змінився, й в 2008 році. Такий його крок ви- відчувати у зв'язку з самим фактом і представники Російської імперії по- дається маловірогідним, адже Ук- характером його колишньої поразки. чали розглядати українську мову раїна, як і Грузія, сусідка Росії. І Щось подібне можна сказати і про як об'єкт гноблення. І саме тоді нерозумно було б підтримувати те- його давнього соратника, олігарха почалася боротьба українського риторіальні зміни, нав’язані силою. Ріната Ахметова. національно-визвольного руху за ві- Навіть Білорусь не зробила цього. У «Шинелі» Гоголя скромний і докремлення від російської високої Якщо такого потужного сигналу не чесний чоловік збирає копійку до культури, творенню якої допомага- буде, варто сприймати акцент Яну- копійки, щоб купити собі теплу зи- ли попередні покоління. ковича на російській мові як прийом, мову шинель, але її майже відразу У радянські часи українська розрахований на внутрішнього спо- крадуть і він занедужує та поми- культура завжди розглядалася ок- живача, а не геополітичний крок; і рає. Янукович колись крав шапки, ремішньо, навіть незважаючи на те, також варто забезпечити йому мож- а якось украв голоси виборців. Хоч що російська стала загальноприйня- ливість співпрацювати з Заходом, зараз він купує взуття зі страусової тою мовою серед освічених людей у якщо він захоче вибрати цей шлях. шкіри та перемагає на виборах, він більшій частині країни. Виняток ста- Гротескний гумор Гоголя мав на знає, що таке бідність і корупція. новив україномовний захід, частини меті змусити читача мимохіть замис- Є шанс, хай і дуже маленький, що якого Радянський Союз відібрав у литися про соціальну несправед- Янукович використає свої зв’язки з Польщі, Чехословаччини та Румунії ливість. У «Шинелі», «Мертвих ду- бізнесменами і певні переваги свого в результаті Другої світової війни. шах», «Ревізорі» і «Носі» він висмію- важкого дитинства для вирішення Під час Помаранчевої революції вав показну хвалькуватість, аби головної проблеми, внаслідок якої Владімір Путін сплутав російсько- відобразити повсякденні негараз- життя українців сповнене розчару- мовних українців із росіянами; цієї ди, причиною яких була нерівність. вань і бідності не лише на півден- помилки Москва вже не робитиме, Саме в цьому – очевидній бідності ному сході, а й у всій країні: брак

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 49 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER верховенства права. Саме на цьо- особистостей – зокрема юристів, ків ЄС і спрощення візового режиму му повинна зосереджуватися увага освітян, журналістів і науковців з країнами-членами. Якщо Янукович європейців та американців. Чого, – і дрібні неурядові організації, які захоче спрямувати зусилля на ви- врешті-решт, США можуть навчити все ще намагаються прищепити рішення глибших проблем народу, Україну в плані демократії? 69% ук- українській демократії принципи який його обрав, Захід повинен бути раїнських виборців, незважаючи на правового громадянського суспіль- готовим його підтримати. мороз, прийшли на виборчі дільниці, ства. ЄС може надіслати сигнал, Оригiнал статтi: http://www.nybooks. аби обрати між двома кандидатами що членство – реальна можливість com/articles/23724 з підмоченою репутацією; у США в для України. А також спробувати 2008 році на вибори прийшли 63% конкретизувати покращення у сфері Посилання на inoZMI: http://inozmi. американців із правом голосу. верховенства права, які призведуть glavred.info/articles/3044.html Сполучені Штати можуть спро- до відповідних винагород з боку ЄС бувати підтримати тисячі визначних – наприклад, ширший доступ до рин-

Is Europe Losing Ukraine? EU Representatives Failed to Stand Up Against the Recent Decline of Ukrainian Democracy

by Andreas UMLAND April 12, 2010 Republished with permission of Foreign Policy Journal

Largely unnoticed in the West, systems where the local standing of Ukraine's new President, Viktor Yanu­ regional – and not only national – po- kovych, has brought to power an ille- litical leaders plays a prominent role gitimate government, in March 2010. in determining the makeup of the na- Though being installed via a seem- tional legislature. ingly orderly parliamentary procedure, For better or worse, Ukraine has the current Ukrainian cabinet headed abandoned first its early post-Soviet by Prime-Minister Mykola Azarov has majoritarian and later its mixed elec- no proper popular mandate. Worse, toral systems. It now conducts (except according to Ukrainian press reports, for a 3% barrier) purely proportional Yanukovych's actions received first Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych parliamentary elections in which in- hesitant, and later explicit support dividual list members, other than the from official representatives of West- in so far as they are included in their small circle of nationally known party ern countries and organizations. How bloc's or party's lists – the composition leaders, play little role during the did that come about? of which is beyond the reach of vot- electoral campaigns. Accordingly, ers. The electoral success and result- Ukraine's Constitution ascribes to par- Political Implications of ing faction size of parties or blocs in Ukraine's Electoral System liament's factions, and not to MPs, a parliament is thus mainly determined decisive role in the formation of a gov- Ukraine has a proportional elec- by the attractiveness of their ideolo- ernmental coalition. A government has toral system with closed lists. Voters gies, and charisma of their speakers. to be based on the support of regis- do not elect individual candidates, but Individual party list members play tered parliamentary groups, and can- can only approve of predetermined little role in Ukrainian parliamentary not be voted into office by individual lists presented to them by various po- elections which are contests between MPs. True, such a rule gives exces- litical parties or blocs. The members large political camps and their more or sive power to faction leaders and be- of the Ukrainian parliament, the Verk- less magnetic leaders. This is in con- littles the role of the deputy as a peo- hovna Rada, become deputies only trast to majoritarian or mixed electoral

50 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP ple's representative. Yet, the factions' Orange deputies did so against the proper democrats – if the framework exclusive role in government coalition expressive will of their initial factions and incentive structures within which formation is consistent with, and fol- and in manifest disregard of their vot- they act are set up well. In Ukraine, an lows from, the electoral system. In so ers' mandate. important condition that has facilitated far as voters are not given a chance Proportional Representation much of the progress achieved in de- to express their opinion on individual and Party Renegades mocratizing this post-Soviet country candidates, the elected deputies have during the last years was the influ- Party transfers during legislative to act first and foremost as faction ence of pro-democratic foreign actors period, to be sure, are not unusual, members. Within proportional elector- – whether certain countries such as in young democracies. They occa- al systems, it is not them as individu- Poland and Canada, or European or- sionally even happen in consolidated als, but their factions as fixed political ganizations like the Council of Europe polyarchies, like the Federal Republic collectives recruited from prearranged and EU. of which has also a propor- lists that represent the voters will, in tional electoral system (partly person- Western Reactions to legislature. alized though). However, in mature Ukrainian Developments in In spite of these circumstances, democracies such political transgres- 2010 Yanukovych, on March 11, 2010, sions usually concern only isolated However, the international em- pushed through a government that MPs who choose to pass from one to beddedness of Ukraine's democracy is based only partly on party-fac- another faction, for personal reasons. as a normative frame structuring poli- tional support. The three factions Therefore, the German Basic Law, for tics in Kyiv has recently been suffer- that form the current coalition do, by instance, upholds the MP's unrestrict- ing from ambiguity. A first faux pas themselves, not have a majority, in ed "freedom of the mandate," in spite was the timing of the European Par- the . Yanukovich’s of the fact that half of the members of liament's recent resolution approving Party of Regions, Ukraine's Commu- the Bundestag are not elected direct- of an EU membership perspective for nist Party, and Parliamentary Speaker ly, but collectively, on their respective Ukraine. The resolution as such con- Volodymyr Lytvyn's Bloc comprised parties' tickets – much like in Ukraine. stituted doubtlessly a step in the right after the last 2007 elections only 222 The idea that a relatively large group direction, against the background of and include now only 219 of parlia- of MPs could be purposefully drawn the EU's earlier policy of indicating ment's 450 deputies. Yanukovich's from one to another party in order to much, but promising little, to Ukraine. Party has found a peculiar solution to effectively cancel election results is When the EuroParl resolution en- this problem by luring away a number so absurd that it has received little at- dorsing Ukraine's right to apply for of deputies from its Orange competi- tention from constitutional engineers, full EU membership was adopted, in tors – the Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko and political comparativists, of West- Strasbourg, on February 25th, 2010, and pro-Yushchenko alliance "Our ern states. Should such consequential it was immediately and widely hailed Ukraine – People's Self-Defense" – in change in the political allegiance of nu- in Ukrainian mass media and by Ky- order to form a government coalition. merous deputies happen, the violation iv’s experts community. Then For- This happened in spite of the fact that of the voters' will would be so flagrant eign Minister Petro Poroshenko even these two factions represent exactly to make it appear as a waste of time called, on Ukrainian TV, the date of those political forces which, during the to seriously consider such a strange, 25th February 2010 a "historic day" in last parliamentary poll, stood in open hypothetical case. Ukraine's post-Soviet development. opposition to Yankovych's Party of In unconsolidated pluralistic What, however, is difficult to un- Regions. When voters decided to cast states, such things, however, do hap- derstand regarding that resolution is their votes for the Tymoshenko Bloc pen. Moreover, as the pre-history of that it was adopted not before, but af- and "Our Ukraine – People's Self-De- the Orange Revolution showed, Ya- ter the Ukrainian presidential elections fense," in 2007, they were clearly also nukovych and Co. are no democrats. of January-February 2010. It would voting against Yanukovych's Party of Their poorly disguised falsification of have been in the vital interests of both Regions. Nevertheless, on March 11, the first two rounds of the 2004 presi- the member states and organs of the twelve deputies who had become MPs dential elections, as well as numerous EU to send such an important signal on the tickets of the two Orange blocs related actions, indicated the Party of to the Ukrainian people and elites in signed the coalition agreement that Regions' ambivalent relationship to advance of, and not following, the re- laid the ground for subsequent trans- democratic norms. In principle, it is not cent standoff between pro-Western fer of almost all executive prerogatives necessary that all participants of the Yulia Tymoshenko and pro-Russian to the Party of Regions. The formerly political process in a democracy are Viktor Yanukovych. If adopted before

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 51 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER the first round of the elections, say, in Constitutional Court to rule on the is- majority – 11 of the 18 – of the Court's November 2009, the EuroParl resolu- sue of the constitutionality of the new judges did provide Yanukovych with tion would have influenced, if not re- government. The Ambassadors, re- a "positive" decision, i.e. ruled that structured Ukraine's domestic political portedly, also insisted that the Party a government coalition can also be debate. It might have made the defeat of Regions would cooperate with other formed with deputies not belonging to of Yulia Tymoshenko – whose self- political forces. While it seems that the coalescing factions. styled image is that of Ukraine's most Yanukovych is largely ignoring the lat- That is a strange development in ardent pro-European politician – in ter agreement, he indeed submitted so far as the Constitutional Court did the presidential elections narrower or a request concerning the legitimacy already rule on the issue of whether even unlikely. Instead, the European of the Azarov government to the Con- individual MPs may participate in gov- Parliament's resolution adoption after stitutional Court, as demanded by the ernment coalition building. In its deci- the second round of the presidential Ambassadors. sion of 17 September 2008, the Con- elections and victory of Yanukovych The Ambassadors' approach to stitutional Court ruled that "only those can now be interpreted as an en- the new President is understand- people's deputies of Ukraine who are dorsement of the election falsifiers able: They and their governments are, members of the deputies factions that of 2004. At least, it appears that Ya- above all, interested in political stabil- form a coalition can enter the ranks of nukovich seems to have interpreted ity, in Ukraine. And, in Western politi- that coalition. The membership of the Europe's new tolerance this way. For cal systems too, the status of deputies' people's deputies of Ukraine in these instance, on April 2, 2010, he imper- popular mandate is not well-defined: factions underlines the exceptional tinently named Serhiy Kivalov, the Are they free to behave as they wish, role of deputies factions in the forma- former Head of the Central Electoral or bound by party discipline? If the lat- tion of a coalition of deputies factions" Commission, i.e. the chief voting falsi- ter: To which exact degree is the MPs' ("до складу коаліції депутатських fier of 2004, as Ukraine's official depu- freedom of action circumscribed? In фракцій можуть увійти лише ті на­ ty member of the Council of Europe's the Western context, such questions родні депутати України, які є у Venice Commission for Democracy would be seen as issues to be decid- складі депутатських фракцій, що through Law – thereby setting a fox to ed by a constitutional council or court. сформували коаліцію. Саме належ- keep the geese. Review by the Constitutional Court is ність народних депутатів України Moreover, the West has appar- thus the obvious way to go. до цих фракцій відіграє визначаль­ ently played a certain role in legitimiz- The Remaining "Proto-" in ну роль депутатських фракцій в ут- ing the dubious government formation Ukraine's Proto-Democracy воренні коаліції депутатських фрак- of March 2010. Interestingly, Yanu- цій"). In view of this ruling, the current Ukraine, however, is not yet a kovych seems to have understood the government appears as not only il- consolidated democracy with a deeply problematic aspects of the planned legitimate from a democratic point of ingrained rule of law. It is a state still takeover of the executive branch of view, but also as illegal from a juridical in the process of formation, and one government by the Party of Regions standpoint. Yanukovich's recent as- of the countries that has, world-wide, with the help of turncoats from op- surances to the Ukrainian public and suffered most from the financial crisis. posed parliamentary factions. Accord- Western Ambassadors that he would Judicial review has started to function ing to press reports, a day before the follow the Constitutional Court's deci- in post-Soviet Ukraine, as the Con- approbation of the Azarov government sion always looked empty, in that the stitutional Court's intervention during in the Verkhovna Rada on March 11, Court had already made and published the Orange Revolution showed. Yet, the new Ukrainian President consult- a clearly relevant ruling, in 2008. Ya- it is not clear whether the Court's re- ed the Ambassadors of the G8 coun- nukovich has been asking the Consti- view of the legality of the new Ukrai- tries (i.e. including Russia's envoy) tutional Court to either repeat a deci- nian government coalition constituted about whether their countries would sion it has already made, or renounce an orderly process that will solve the accept a government elected by in- an earlier ruling – both of which would current conflict between the political dividual MPs, i.e. including deserters have confused Ukraine's constitutional camps, as it had done in 2004. Yulia from opposed camps, and not by fac- order. It would have either introduced Tymoshenko has already claimed that tions. Allegedly, after some contro- the practice of repeat confirmations, individual judges of the Court have, al- versial discussion, either the majority by the Constitutional Court, of deci- legedly, received as much as $1 mil- or all of the Ambassadors gave Ya- sions already made. Or it will now put lion, for a "positive" decision, i.e. for a nukovich green light under the condi- under question all previous rulings by ruling that legalizes the current gov- tion that the President would ask the the Constitutional Court which, pre- ernment coalition. On April 8, 2010, a

52 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP sumably, also could be revoked by the and Democrats – the social-demo- ing functionaries are not yet directed Court, after a second hearing. cratic and second largest faction of by a concern for balance, pluralism What now also follows is an un- the parliament of the European Union. and inclusiveness. Rather, the Ya- settling of the party-electoral system According to the report from the meet- nukovych people, like many politicians of Ukraine. If elections continue to be ing published by the Press Office of in the post-Soviet space, still largely held in a purely proportional mode, the President of Ukraine, Severin said think in terms of zero-sum games: voters will become unsure what their to Yanukovych: "We are satisfied that they will try to grab as many relevant votes actually imply and will eventu- you managed to form a coalition which post and positions as they can believ- ally lead to. As voters can only ap- will now move towards solution of topi- ing that the more power they will have prove of closed party lists, they have cal political and economic problems. the better for them, and the worse for no opportunity to punish individual We hope that the Constitutional Court their opponents. For Yanukovych and deputies who have renounced the will confirm the legality of the formation Co., the idea of "Europe" is certainly a mandate they had received during of that coalition. Certainly, pre-term factor, but so far only a constraining, the previous elections, i.e. who have, elections could be also a constitutional rather than a normative one. Integrat- in fact, betrayed their voters. Worse, solution, but we are more impressed ing Ukraine into the EU is, to be sure, voters of those parties or blocs that with stability in the state, than with an important aim of the leaders of have suffered most from enticement pre-term elections." («Ми задоволені, the Party of Regions too, but, in most of their deputies by competing parlia- що вам вдалося створити коаліцію, cases, they are more or less deeply mentary factions will ask themselves яка зараз візьметься за вирішення impressed by, rather than genuinely why they are voting at all. If the depu- нагальних політичних та економічних attracted to, European democracy. ties whom they delegate to parliament питань, і сподіваємося, що Конститу­ It looks as if Yanukovych and Co., may later be poached by the oppos- ційний Суд винесе рішення, яке під­ having received Western approval ing camp, and switch political sides, тверджує правомірність створення of their first dealings, have come to it makes little sense to send them to цієї коаліції. Безумовно, дочасні believe that "the winner should take the Verkhovna Rada, in the first place. вибори могли б бути також консти- it all." Not a single of the seven vice As the Constitutional Court has, de туційним виходом, але нам більше prime-ministers of the new govern- factor, now renounced its decision of імпонує стабільність у державі, аніж ment comes from an official parliamen- September 2008, Yanukovych's Party позачергові вибори.») Whether this tary coalition partner of the Party of of Regions is a sort of "double-win- quote on the website of the Ukrainian Regions. (The governments 29 prime- ner": it can keep its hold on the execu- President is correct or not – it has and ordinary ministers also do not in- tive with the help of deserters from been widely reproduced as well as clude a single woman.) Moreover, the other factions; this, at the same time, paraphrased in Ukrainian mass me- governmental coalition seems now undermines the electoral base of its dia, and never been renounced by the also aiming to get hold of the chair political competitors. Democratic elec- European Parliament. The Ukrainian positions of the most important parlia- tions' primary function of constituting public now believes that the EU sup- mentary committees that are assigned a transparent link and effective feed- ports the illegitimate and illegal gov- by law to the opposition. The behavior back mechanism between the popula- ernment creation of March 11, 2010. of the Party of Regions still largely fol- tion and government is diminished. This impression may have even exert- lows the pattern of its 2004 dealings The European Parliament's ed influence on the recent ruling of the that caused the Orange Revolution. "Uneuropean" Ukraine Policy Constitutional Court of April 8, 2010. Lessons to Be Learned for As with the reaction of the Am- What is most surprising in this Europe and Ukraine bassadors during their meeting with story is that, apparently, the Euro- Western observers and visitors Yanukovych on March 10, one can un- pean Parliament has been pushing should understand that, for many derstand the West's wish to see, after Ukraine, in exactly this direction. Or, Ukrainian politicians, the main political the years of Orange infighting, finally at least, it has done so, in the eyes of question is still not what is legitimate, a stable government in Kyiv. How- the Ukrainian public. On March 26, but what is doable and whether they ever, there is little ground to believe a delegation of the European Parlia- can get away with it. When dealing that the EU's seeming support for ment headed by Dr. Adrian Severin, with the Party of Regions, European the current regime will actually lead a Romanian law professor, met with and other partners of Ukraine should to stability. Though it would go too far President Yanukovych, in Kyiv. Sev- keep in mind that the anti-Orange call the Party of Regions anti-demo- erin is the Vice-Chair of the Group of camp led by Yanukovych never re- cratic, the political instincts of its lead- the Progressive Alliance of Socialists ceived a majority in national elections.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 53 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Yanukovych is the first Ukrainian certain actions even by official West- EU hopes to include some day, but President elected to office with less ern delegations will not be enough regards today far from rife to be of- than 50% of the votes in the decisive to ensure sustainability in Ukraine's fered a membership perspective. It second round of the elections. Never- move towards Europe, for the next is not some selected Ambassadors or theless, Yanukovych has now taken years. Statements, like those report- EU officials, but the people of Europe firm control not only of the legislature, edly made by Adrian Severin, could – including the Ukrainians themselves but also of the entire executive branch, eventually even mislead the Ukrainian – whom the new political leadership including government, regional admin- leadership to believe that everything of Ukraine will have to convince of its istrations, the Central Bank, security is OK. Instead, it is possible that the commitment to democracy and the service etc. Ukraine's European part- government formation of March 11 will rule of law. lead to a downgrading of Ukraine in ners should make clear that a stable Andreas Umland has been published future democracy rankings, like those government is certainly of value, but in The Wall Street Journal, the Wash- of Freedom House. Should Ukraine, that stability "a la Putin" will be unac- ington Post, Prospect Magazine, the for instance, be relegated by Freedom ceptable should Ukraine want to keep Moscow Times, and elsewhere. He House from "free" to "partly free," this its European perspective. is general editor of the book series could have grave political repercus- Ukraine's decision makers, in "Soviet" and Post-Soviet Politics and sions for Ukraine. The Western public turn, have to understand that semi- Society" (www.ibidem-verlag.de/spps. would again start to see Ukraine as a formal observance of democratic rules html). Read more articles by AN- country "in between" democracy and and merely rhetorical acceptance DREAS UMLAND. of political pluralism will be insuffi- authoritarianism, and not as a state cient to keep the country on track to firmly committed to European values. eventual EU membership – an aim Ukraine would slide into the category to which all relevant political actors of countries like Moldova, Georgia or seem committed. Oral agreement to Armenia – semi-democracies that the

Європа втрачає Україну? Представники ЄС не опираються нинішньому занепадові української демократії

Андреас УМЛАНД Foreign Policy Journal (США) // 21:15 15-04-2010 http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2010/04/12/is-europe-losing-ukraine/

Це залишилося переважно не­ цій. Як так вийшло? тат і відповідний розмір фракції в поміченим на Заході, але новий Політичні наслідки парламенті, таким чином, визнача­ президент України в березні 2010- української виборчої ється головно привабливістю ідеоло­ го привів до влади нелегітимний системи гій партій та харизмою їхніх спікерів. уряд. Хоча сформований на позір за Індивідуальні члени партійних В Україні пропорційна виборча правомірною парламентською проце­ списків відіграють невелику роль в система з закритими списками. дурою, теперішній український ка­ українських парламентських вибо­ Виборці не голосують за окремих бінет на чолі з прем'єр-міністром рах, які є змаганням між великими кандидатів; вони схвалюють напе­ Миколою Азаровим не має належ­ політичними таборами та їхніми більш ред визначені списки різноманітних ного народного мандату. Що гірше чи менш принадними лідерами. У партій чи блоків. Члени українського – за повідомленнями української цьому відмінність від мажоритарної парламенту, Верховної Ради, ста­ преси, дії Януковича здобули спер­ чи змішаної виборчих систем, де ють депутатами, лише якщо вне­ шу обережну, а потім відверту місцеві позиції регіональних – а не сені до списків свого блоку чи пар­ підтримку серед офіційних пред­ лише національних – політичних тії – складення яких виборці не ставників західних країн та організа­ лідерів мають важливе значення у контролюють. Виборчий резуль­

54 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

формуванні національного законо­ Цій проблемі партія Януковича – дуже схоже до української схеми. давчого органу. знайшла особливе рішення, перема­ Ідея про те, що порівняно великий На жаль чи на щастя, Украї­ нивши кількох депутатів від своїх гурт депутатів можна спеціально на відмовилася спочатку від ма­ помаранчевих суперників – Блоку переманити з однієї партії в іншу, жоритарної системи в ранній по­ Юлії Тимошенко та альянсу, що під­ аби успішно скасувати результати страдянський період, а потім і тримував Ющенка, «Наша Україна виборів, настільки абсурдна, що від змішаної. Зараз – якщо не – Народна самооборона» – щоб її майже не брали до уваги консти­ рахувати 3-відсоткового бар'єра сформувати правлячу коаліцію. Це туційні інженери та політичні ком­ – вона проводить чисто пропорцій­ сталося незважаючи на те, що дві паративісти західних держав. Та­ ні парламентські вибори, де індиві­ помаранчеві фракції презентують ка значна зміна у політичному під­ дуальні члени списків (за винятком саме ті політичні сили, які у період данстві багатьох депутатів була вузького кола відомих у всій країні парламентських виборів стояли у б настільки кричущим нехтування партійних лідерів) грають незначну відкритій опозиції до Партії регіо­ волею виборців, що це просто мар­ роль під час передвиборчих кампа­ нів Януковича. Коли в 2007-му ви­ нування часу – всерйоз уявляти такі ній. Відповідно, Конституція Украї­ борці вирішили віддати голос за дивні гіпотетичні випадки. ни приписує фракціям, а не членам блок Тимошенко та «Нашу Україну У неконсолідованих плюралістич­ парламенту вирішальну роль у фор­ – Народну самооборону», вони них державах, однак, такі речі бува­ муванні правлячої коаліції. Уряд однозначно голосували й проти ють. Як показала передісторія По­ має базуватися на підтримці Януковичевої Партії регіонів. І все- маранчевої революції, Янукович зареєстрованих парламентських таки 11 березня 12 депутатів, які та компанія не є демократами. Їхні груп, і за нього не можуть голосувати ввійшли в парламент за квитками цих ледь замасковані фальсифікації на окремі депутати. Це правда, таке блоків, підписали коаліційну угоду, перших двох турах президентських правило дає надмірну владу ліде­ що заклала основу під подальшу виборів у 2004 році та безліч інших рам фракцій та применшує роль передачу майже всіх прерогатив подібних дій засвідчили амбівалент­ депутата як представника народу. виконавчої влади Партії регіонів. не ставлення Партії регіонів до Та ексклюзивна роль фракцій у Колишні помаранчеві депутати демократичних норм. У принципі формуванні правлячої коаліції від­ зробили це проти явної волі своїх не обов'язково, щоб усі учасники повідає й випливає з виборчої систе­ рідних фракцій і з демонстративною політичного процесу в демократії ми. Якщо вже виборцям не дано зневагою до мандату своїх вибор­ самі були демократами – якщо шансу висловити свою думку про ців. добре організована система та індивідуальних кандидатів, то обрані Пропорційне структура стимулів, за якими вони депутати повинні діяти насамперед представництво та партійні працюють. Важливою умовою, як члени фракцій. У пропорційній ренегати що сприяла демократизації цієї системі не вони зокрема, а їхні фрак­ пострадянської країни в останні Партійні переходи під час ції як фіксовані політичні колективи, роки, був вплив продемократичних легістратури парламенту, безпереч­ набрані з наперед визначених спис­ іноземних сторін – чи то певних но, не є чимось незвичним у молодих ків, представляють волю народу в країн, як Польща та Канада, чи то демократіях. Вони іноді трапляються законодавчому органі. європейських організацій, як Рада навіть у консолідованих поліархіях, Усупереч цим обставинам 11 Європи та ЄС. як-от Федеративна Республіка Ні­ березня 2010 року Янукович провів меччина, де так само пропорційна Західна реакція на через парламент уряд із лише виборча система (хоча й до певної українські події в 2010 році частковою фракційною підтримкою. міри персоналізована). Проте у Утім, міжнародний вплив на Три фракції, що складають ниніш­ зрілих демократіях такі політичні демократії в Україні як нормативна ню коаліцію, самі по собі не станов­ перетворення зазвичай стосуються рамка, що структурує політику в лять більшості в Верховній Раді. лише окремих членів парламенту, Києві, останнім часом страждає Януковичева Партія регіонів, Кому­ які вирішують поміняти фракцію з від неясності. Першим хибним ністична партія України та «Блок особистих міркувань. Тому, скажімо, кроком став час прийняття резо­ Литвина» (спікера парламенту Основний закон Німеччини захищає люції Європейського Парламен­ Володимира Литвина) мали після необмежену «свободу мандату», ту, де підтверджується перспекти­ останніх виборів у 2007-му тільки попри те що половина членів Бунде­ ва членства України в ЄС. Резо­ 222 голоси, а зараз до них належить стагу обираються не прямо, а в люція сама по собі, без сумніву, 219 з усіх 450 депутатів парламенту. колективі, за квитками своїх партій є прогресом, порівняно з дотепе­

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 55 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER рішньою політикою ЄС, який багато лиса пасти гусей. Частка «прото-» не вказував Україні, та мало обіцяв. Понад те, Захід явно зіграв зникає з української Коли резолюція Європарламенту певну роль у легітимації підозріло протодемократії про право України подаватися на сформованого в березні нового уря­ Україна, однак, не є консолідо­ повне членство в ЄС була прийнята ду. Що цікаво, Янукович, здається, ваною демократією з глибоко вко­ у Страсбурзі 25 лютого, її негайно й зрозумів проблемні аспекти плано­ ріненим верховенством права. Ця широко возвеличили в українських ваного захоплення виконавчої держава досі у процесі формування, мас-медіа та у київській експертній гілки влади, уряду, з допомогою причому вона чи не найбільше в світі спільноті. Міністр закордонних перевертнів з інших парламентських постраждала від фінансової кризи. справ Петро Порошенко в ефірі груп. Згідно з повідомленнями у Перегляд судових рішень почав фун­ українського телебачення навіть пресі, напередодні 11 березня, кціонувати у пострадянській Україні, назвав 25 лютого 2010 року «історич­ коли в Верховній Раді мав бути і це показало втручання Верховного ним днем» у пострадянській історії утверджений уряд прем'єр-міні­ суду під час Помаранчевої революції. України. стра Миколи Азарова, новий укра­ Та неясно, чи перевірка законності Але важко зрозуміти, чому їнський президент радився з посла­ нової української правлячої коаліції резолюція була прийнята не до, ми «великої вісімки» (включно з ро­ запустила правильний процес, а після президентських виборів сійським) – чи приймуть їхні країни який вирішить нинішній конфлікт у січні-лютому 2010-го. Це було б уряд, за який голосуватимуть інди­ між політичними таборами, як це у життєво важливих інтересах як відуальні депутати, включно з було в 2004-му. Юлія Тимошенко держав, так і органів ЄС, якби та­ дезертирами з інших партій, а не вже заявила, ніби окремі судді Кон­ кий вагомий сигнал українському фракції. І нібито після суперечливих ституційного суду отримали по 1 народові й елітам був надісланий дискусій більшість чи навіть усі мільйону доларів за «позитивне» перед, а не після недавнього проти­ посли дали Януковичу зелене сві­ рішення, тобто за постанову, що стояння між прозахідною Юлією тло за умови, що він попросить Кон­ легалізує чинну правлячу коаліцію. Тимошенко та проросійським Вік­ ституційний суд проаналізувати 8 квітня більшість суддів (11 із 18) тором Януковичем. Прийнята такі процедури на предмет відповід­ таки дали Януковичу «позитивне» до першого туру виборів, нехай ності до Основного закону. Посли, рішення, постановивши, що за в листопаді 2009-го, резолюція кажуть, також наполягли, щоб Пар­ правлячу коаліцію можуть голосу­ Європарламенту істотно вплинула тія регіонів співпрацювала з іншими вати позафракційні депутати. б, якщо не реструктурувала б, на політичними силами. Янукович оче­ Це дивно, бо той самий Консти­ внутрішньополітичні дебати в Україні. видно ігнорує цю другу домов­ туційний суд уже розбирався в Завдяки їй Юлія Тимошенко – яка леність, але він справді подав запит питанні про те, чи можуть індивіду­ створила собі образ найпалкішого в у Конституційний суд щодо легітим­ альні члени парламенту брати Україні проєвропейського політика – ності уряду Азарова. участь у формуванні правлячої могла б набрати на президентських Підхід послів до нового прези­ коаліції. У своєму рішенні від 17 виборах більше голосів і навіть дента зрозумілий: вони та їхні вересня 2008 року він написав, що перемогти. А так підписання резо­ держави передусім зацікавлені у «до складу коаліції депутатських люції після другого туру виборів політичній стабільності в Україні. А фракцій можуть увійти лише ті та перемогу Януковича можна статус народного мандату депута­ народні депутати України, які є у тепер тлумачити як схвалення ви­ тів, як і в західних політичних сис­ складі депутатських фракцій, що борчих фальсифікацій 2004 року. темах, визначений нечітко. Чи ма­ сформували коаліцію. Саме належ­ Принаймні схоже, що Янукович ють вони право поводитися як ність народних депутатів України саме так і зрозумів толерантність забажають чи прив'язані до пар­ до цих фракцій відіграє визначальну Європи до нього. Наприклад, 2 тійної дисципліни? Якщо все ж при­ роль депутатських фракцій в квітня він недоречно призначив в'язані, то до якої міри обмежена утворенні коаліції депутатських Сергія Ківалова, колишнього голову свобода дій депутата? У західному фракцій». Зважаючи на цю по­ Центральної виборчої комісії, тобто контексті такі питання розглядала передню постанову, нинішній уряд основного фальсифікатора в 2004 би саме конституційна рада чи суд. можна вважати не лише нелегітим­ році, офіційним представником Отож звернення до Конституційного ним із демократичного погляду, а й України в Європейській комісії за суду є очевидним шляхом. узагалі нелегальним юридично. Обі­ демократію через право («Венеціан­ цянки пана Януковича українському ській комісії») – фактично призначив народові та західним послам, що він

56 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP дотримуватиметься ухвал Консти­ «Неєвропейська» політика надто називати Партію регіонів туційного суду, завжди звучали Європарламенту щодо антидемократичною, проте політичні порожньо. Адже вже діяла ота України інстинкти її провідних функціонерів постанова 2008 року! Янукович, вихо­ Найдивовижніше у цій історії, що усе ще не спрямовуються зацікав­ дить, попросив суддів або повторити Європарламент, безсумнівно, штов­ леністю в балансі, плюралізмі та те рішення, або відмовитися від хає Україну саме в цьому напрямку. інтеграції. Натоміть люди Януко­ нього – але й одне, і друге заплу­ Або, принаймні, так виглядає в вича, як чимало політиків на постра­ тало б конституційний лад в Укра­ очах української громадськості. 26 дянському просторі, досі мислять їні. Так або запровадилася б у березня делегація Європарламенту правилами «гри з нульовою сумою»: Конституційному суді практика під­ на чолі з Адріаном Северином, румун­ вони намагатимуться захопити яко­ тверджувати вже прийняті рішення, ським професором права, зустрілася мога більше посад, бо вважають, або ж тепер буде поставлено під з президентом Януковичем у Києві. що більше влади – краще для них і питання решту його попередніх Северин є віце-головою групи гірше для опонентів. Для Януковича ухвал, тому що їх теж можна буде «Прогресивний альянс соціалістів і та компанії ідея «Європи», звісно, скасувати після повторних слухань. демократів» – соціал-демократич­ є чинником, але поки що тільки як Відтепер також є невирішеною ної, другої за розміром фракції у стримуючим, а не нормативним. партійно-виборча система України. парламенті Євросоюзу. Як відомо Інтеграція України до ЄС є, звісно, Якщо вибори й далі проводитимуться зі звіту про зустріч, підготовленого теж важливою метою лідерів за чисто пропорційною моделлю, ви­ у прес-службі президента України, Партії регіонів, але, як правило, борці не матимуть певності в тому, за Северин сказав Януковичу: «Ми європейська демократія їх більш- що насправді віддають свої голоси. задоволені, що вам вдалося створити менш глибоко вражає, а не справді Оскільки виборці можуть схвалювати коаліцію, яка зараз візьметься за приваблює. лише закриті партійні списки, у них вирішення нагальних політичних та Здається, що Янукович і ком­ нема можливості покарати окремих економічних питань, і сподіваємося, панія, заручившись західним схва­ депутатів, які відмовляються від що Конституційний суд винесе ленням своїх перших оборудок, ви­ мандату, отриманого на виборах, і рішення, яке підтверджує правомір­ рішили, що «переможець забирає які таким чином зраджують своїх ність створення цієї коаліції. Безу­ все». Жоден із семи віце-прем'єрів прихильників. Що гірше – виборці мовно, дочасні вибори могли б бути нового уряду не належить до яко­ тих партій чи блоків, які найбільше також конституційним виходом, але гось з офіційних парламентських ко­ постраждали від переманювання нам більше імпонує стабільність у аліційних партнерів Партії регіонів. їхніх депутатів до конкурентних державі, аніж позачергові вибори». (Серед 29 членів уряду також фракцій, запитуватимуть себе, для Правильна ця цитата на сайті немає жодної жінки.) Ба більше, чого їм узагалі голосувати. Якщо українського президента чи ні урядова коаліція тепер, напевно, депутатів, яких вони делегують у – але її широко відтворювали та має на меті захопити посади голів парламент, можуть потім привласню­ перефразовували в українських найважливіших парламентських комі­ вати супротивні табори, якщо вони мас-медіа, і її так і не заперечив тетів, які за законом мають нале­ можуть міняти політичні сторони, то Європарламент. Українська гро­ жати опозиції. Поведінка Партії ре­ нема сенсу посилати їх у Верховну мадськість тепер вірить, що ЄС гіонів переважно наслідує зразок її Раду в принципі. Тепер, коли Кон­ підтримує нелегітимне й нелегаль­ діянь у 2004 році, що й спричинили ституційний суд де-факто відмовився не створення уряду 11 березня Помаранчеву революцію. від свого рішення від вересня 2008 2010 року. Це враження могло на­ Уроки для Європи та України року, Януковичева Партія регіонів є віть вплинути на рішення Консти­ Західні спостерігачі та візитери таким собі подвійним переможцем: туційного суду 8 квітня 2010 року. повинні розуміти, що для багатьох вона може утримувати за собою Як і з реакцією послів під українських політиків головне полі­ виконавчу владу з допомогою де­ час зустрічі з Януковичем 10 бе­ тичне питання – не що є легітимним, зертирів з інших фракцій; і це під­ резня, можна зрозуміти бажання а що є здійсненним і чи можна це риває виборчу базу її політичних Заходу, після років помаранчевого провернути. Маючи справу з Пар­ суперників. Розмивається первинна борюкання, нарешті бачити у Києві тією регіонів, європейські та інші пар­ функція демократичних виборів стабільний уряд. Однак є небагато тнери України повинні мати на увазі, – побудова видимого мосту та ме­ причин вірити, що видима підтримка що антипомаранчевий табір на чолі ханізму ефективного зворотного ЄС теперішнього режиму справді з Януковичем ніколи не отримував зв'язку між населенням та владою. приведе до стабільності. Буде за­ більшості на загальнонаціональних

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 57 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

виборах. Янукович є першим прези­ недостатньо, щоб утримати Україну то це матиме серйозні політичні дентом України, якого обрало на дорозі до майбутнього членства в наслідки для країни. Західна гро­ менш ніж 50% електорату в друго­ ЄС – мети, якій віддані, як здається, мадськість знову почне вважати її му турі. І все-таки Янукович тепер всі політичні гравці. Усної згоди на країною «між» демократією та авто­ захопив міцний контроль не лише певні дії навіть від офіційних захід­ ритаризмом, а не державою, твердо у парламенті, але й в усій виконав­ них делегацій не вистачить, аби за­ відданою європейським цінностям. чій владі, включно з урядом, певнити сталість руху України до Україна спуститься до категорії обласними адміністраціями, НБУ, Європи в наступні роки. Заяви на таких країн, як Молдова, Грузія СБУ тощо. Європейські партнери кшталт тих, які, за повідомленнями, чи Вірменія – напівдемократій, України мають чітко вказати, що зробив Адріан Северин, можуть що їх ЄС сподівається колись при­ стабільний уряд, звісно, цінний, привести українське керівництво єднати, але зараз розглядає дале­ але така стабільність «а-ля Путін» до хибної думки, що все гаразд. кими навіть від того, щоб запропо­ буде неприйнятною, якщо Україна Натомість формування уряду 11 нувати їм перспективу членства. І захоче зберегти свою європейську березня, можливо, призведе до це не якісь обрані посли чи єврочи­ перспективу. зниження показників України в новники; це народ Європи (що Українські можновладці у свою майбутніх рейтингах демократії (як- включає й українців) – саме його чергу повинні розуміти, що напівфор­ от рейтинг Freedom House). Якщо нове політичне керівництво України мального виконання демократичних Україна, наприклад, опуститься в має переконати у своїй відданості правил і суто риторичного сприйнят­ рейтингу Freedom House з позначки демократії та верховенству права. тя політичного плюралізму буде «вільна» до «частково вільна»,

Мовна політика, чи мова політики

Ірина БЕРЕЖНА "Apsus linguae" (Не робіть помилок щодо мови) Republished with permission of the author and Ukrainska Pravda

Тож хіба це наша, або на­ спадщини великої держави, ших батьків провина, що ми були складовою частиною якої довгі роки народжені та виховані в російсько­ була Україна. мовному оточенні? Не можу не при­ Та спадщина є надбанням і Авторка народилася у Луганську гадати великого Івана Франка: "...в українців, бо творилася спільно. і все своє життя розмовляла російсь­ якій мові вродився і виховався, тої Історично склалося, що російсь­ кою, утім в університеті опанувала без окалічення своєї душі не можеш ка мова має сильніші позиції, ніж українську. Перед тим як написати покинути". українська. Остання існувала й була цю статтю, думала: яку мову обрати? Власне, мовна проблема далеко заборонена водночас. І навіть укра­ Принципово пишу українською, щоб не лінгвістична. Буде чи ні російська їнські письменники добровільно від­ показати повагу до неї. Хоча рідною державною в Україні – це питання. І мовлялися від неї, переходячи на вважаю російську, бо ж думаю по- на його вирішення не мають впливати російську, тому що це надавало їм російськи. надто емоційні позиції прихильників можливість донести свої творіння З таким вибором багато разів чи опонентів російської мови та до ширшої читацької аудиторії. на день стикаються мільйони україн­ невгамовні пристрасті українських Скажімо, Тарас Шевченко напи­ ських громадян і вони мене зрозу­ політиків до популістських балачок. сав багато своїх творінь російською, міють. Адже українська культурна був підтриманий російським мецена­ Російська мова у СРСР була дер­ спадщина тісно переплетена з том з Санкт-Петербургу. Утім, це жавною мовою, мовою закону, мовою російською мовою та створювалась не перешкодило йому бути великим вищої освіти. На російській мові вихо­ протягом багатьох століть нашими українським класиком. Адже якщо вувалися декілька поколінь, нею спільними предками. Не можна письменник писав російською, від спілкувалися майже 290 мільйонів відокремитись від культурної того він не переставав бути українсь­ людей різних національностей.

58 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

ким письменником. Гоголь тому ної України представляють мовні на інтереси своїх громадян на схо­ яскравий приклад. фанатики". ді? У першій половині XIX століття Як на мене, українська має Адже не можна поводитися як становлення української культури бути мовою державних уста­ "політичний страус" в мовному питан­ ще тільки починалося, тому твор­ нов. Проте, дуже важливо зао­ ні, ховаючись від об'єктивної реалії. чість Гоголя могла існувати тільки хочувати держслужбовців У всьому світі, з політичної точки в рамках "спільноруської" культури. на сході країни до вивчення зору, існує ТІЛЬКИ два підходи Тому навіть в філології цей різновид української, а на заході – до – мономовний і мультимовний. Сучас­ культури, визначається як "спіль­ використання, в разі потреби, ро­ ний світ вже є мультимовним. А норуська культура на українській сійської. Україна? основі" і розглядається як надбання Головне – це повага до будь-якої Для України проблема українсь­ одночасно і російської і української мови та її носіїв! Держава Україна, кої мови залишається чисто ідеоло­ культури та літератури. а точніше її керманичі, мають зрозу­ гічним питанням. Ті, хто віддає пере­ І на це не можна закривати очі, міти, що окрім державних установ, в вагу українській мові, найчастіше бо це історія, а її забуття чи пере­ інших сферах буття впровадженню прагнуть обмежувати російську, ніж кручування для сучасної "політичної української слід тільки сприяти, а не реально вирішувати проблему. доцільності" – злочин. нав'язувати наказами та санкціями. Це хибний та небезпечний Цивілізована двомовність в Не розв'яжемо мовної проблеми, шлях. Проблема української мови не державі – це, насамперед, НЕ­ поки не змінимо до неї ставлення сприймається, на жаль, в Україні як НАСИЛЬСТВО у мовній сфері. Нато­ – ставимося як до об'єкту права, а проблема культурної політики. І те що мість, це вимагає створення умов не закону. відбулося, приміром, з обов'язковим для вивчення державної мови, дер­ Боротьба мов – це боротьба українським дублюванням фільмів жавної підтримки україномовного КУЛЬТУР цих мов. Так вже скла­ – лише чергова демонстрація цієї продукту видавництв або кіноком­ лося в світовій історії: виграє і проблеми. паній. Але не придушення податками панує мова могутнішої культури. Цікаво, що за повного розвалу російськомовного. Для того щоб забезпечити української кінематографії, кошти Це контроль та сприяння чистій домінування в країні власної вкладаються в обов'язкове дублю­ українській мові на державних ТБ- мови, необхідно забезпечити до­ вання чужих фільмів українською каналах, замість "викручування рук" мінування власної культури. Для мовою. Причому переважно тих та ультиматумів комерційним. України рецепт простий: будемо фільмів, мова яких зрозуміла кож­ Але Україна обрала шлях насиль­ піклуватися про розвиток укра­ ному мешканцеві України без дублю­ ницьких заходів в мовному питанні і їнської культури, поступово вання. І все це заради виключно по­ спонукає до життя страшного гібри­ прищеплюючи її поколінню, що літичних спекуляцій. да, ім'я якому – суржик, що згодом зростає і отримаємо сильну укра­ Не можу, як професійний юрист, просто проковтне саму українську їнську мову. утриматися та не послатися на мову. Цей процес тривалий, і природ­ правові норми, які поки що існують У зв'язку з цим вельми авто­ ній. А от впровадження української в державі. 24 грудня 2007 року ритетно звучать слова професо­ шляхом указів президента, а тим Конституційний Суд України ви­ ра Гарвардського університету більше рішеннями міністерств – це знає, що іноземні фільми перед США, етнічного українця Романа насильство і над культурою, і над розповсюдженням в Україні в обо­ Шпорлюка: людьми. в'язковому порядку повинні бути "Мільйони людей, які вважа­ Мова не має бути мішенню для дубльовані або озвучені чи субтитро­ ють рідною російську мову, 1 політиків. Щоб зберегти свою мову, вані державною мовою. грудня 1991 проголосували за потрібно воювати не за мову і не з Це ж підтверджується й вимо­ незалежність. Виходячи з цього мовами. гами закону про кінематографію. громадяни, для яких українська На жаль, президент цього не Не довго думаючи, та намагаючись мова, – рідна, мають перед ни­ розуміє, або не хоче зрозуміти. Він вислужитися перед президентом, ми певні політичні і моральні зо­ демонструє своє шанування укра­ Міністерство культури своїм наказом бов'язання... Якнайлегший спосіб їнській культурі і це викликає повагу. забороняє пускати в прокат іноземні знищити Україну – це почати Але чи можна цінувати свій народ, фільми не дубльовані українською. українізувати неукраїнців. Най­ не поважаючи його право вибору? Не звертаючи уваги на те, що і рі­ більшу небезпеку для незалеж­ Заграючи із заходом, не зважувати шення КС і чинний закон хоча б на­

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 59 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

дають вибір: або титрування, або ви в Україні дуже часто є абсолютно відноситися до незалежних озвучення, або дубляж. незрозумілим для європейських ЗМІ і сприяти регулярному ви­ Що маємо в результаті? Невдо­ чи американських аналітиків, ко­ ходу радіо- і телепрограм на волення російськомовних глядачів, трі досліджують ситуацію на пост­ регіональних мовах. неякісний дубляж українською радянському просторі. Є важлива тріада, кожна із через брак акторів та студій для І ось чому: більше за третину складових якої суттєво впливає на дубляжу, різкий спад відвідувачів держав Європи мають державні людську свідомість і формування в кінотеатрах, відсутність в прокаті мови, назва яких не співпадає з суспільства, – це мова, релігія і артхаусних, інтелектуальних філь­ назвою основної національності. земля. І від того, як вирішуються про­ мів... чергове насильство над люди­ В Азії подібна ситуація в половині блеми, пов'язані з ними, залежить ною, що мешкає в Україні. держав. Навіть у Африці, лише Ефіо­ майбутнє держави. Держава не повинна нікого при­ пія, Сомалі і Сейшельські острови є Україна йде шляхом політики мушувати, держава може і повинна винятком із цього правила. популізму. Адже мова політики та створити умови, за яких стане вигід­ Ірландці з їхніми традиціями мовна політика – це різні речі. Усі, ним і престижним показ фільмів укра­ національної самосвідомості, вихо­ без винятку, політичні сили повинні їнською. ваними в тривалій боротьбі за неза­ звикнути прислухатися до народу. Зробити це можна кількома лежність, в переважній більшості Уже давно, пересічні громадяни шляхами: по-перше, зменшенням по­ говорять англійською. Ірландська Україні демонструють модель адек­ датків для дистриб'юторів та влас­ мова, якою володіють близько 3% ватної, про-європейської мовної ників кінотеатрів, по-друге, покрит­ жителів країни, використовується, політики. Нормальною ситуацією в тям бюджетним коштом витрат так би мовити, чисто символічно. Україні вважається вільний перехід на дубляж українською мовою; Автор навіть не згадує Бельгію, з мови на мову десятки і сотні разів по-третє створенням додаткових Швейцарію, Канаду... Такими є на­ на день. економічних умов для заохочення слідки глобалізації! Адже в світі із Українець – це людина, що воло­ виробництва українських фільмів. 6800 мов, які використовуються, діє двома слов'янськими мовами. У Перелік таких заходів можна лише близько сотні є офіційними мо­ цьому наша перевага перед Росією, побачити в багатьох, успішних, з вами суверенних держав. де значна частина росіян говорить точки зору розвитку кіно індустрії Виходячи з положень стат­ тільки на одній мові. Адже навіть з європейських країнах: Польщі, Угор­ ті 11 Європейської хартії регіо­ точки зору культурного розвитку, щині, Німеччині, Франції тощо. нальних мов або мов меншин, ситуація двомовності є більш при­ Питання статусу української мо­ Україна зобов'язується лояльно вабливою. А ті, хто зараз насильно вичав­ люють російську з українського сус­ пільства, мають усвідомлювати свою відповідальність перед наступним поколінням. Адже вони позбавляють його можливості насолоджуватися українсько-російською культурною спадщиною мовою оригіналу. Нове покоління не зможе оцінити у всій красі творіння Булгакова, До­ стоєвського, Тургенєва, Єсеніна та багатьох інших класиків, що творили російською. Добре, що хоч мова живопису – інтернаціональна і творіння худож­ ників, таких як Малєвіч, Рєпін, Вру­ бель та інших, що народилися в Україні, не будуть потребувати пе­ рекладу. First CUPP Picnic at Pushcha Vodytsia. L to R: Zhenia Viatchaninova, C'09; Yaroslav Udovenko, C'07; Iryna Krasnoshtan, C'09; Vasyl ("Українська правда") Khomiak, C'08; Katia Bondar, C'09; Olia Melykh, C'08; Yaroslav Kovalchuk, C'08. 60 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

The Language Policy, or the Language of Politics

Iryna BEREZHNA "Apsus linguae" (Slip of the tongue)

The author was born in Lu- is highly interwoven with the Russian hansk and all my life spoke Rus- language, as it was created over many sian. At university I mastered Ukrai- centuries by our common ancestors. nian. Before writing this article One cannot separate oneself from the I considered which language to cultural heritage of a grand state of the framework of the 'common Rus choose. On principal I am writing in which Ukraine was an integral part for culture.' So even in philology this kind Ukrainian to show respect for her many years.. This heritage belongs to of multifaceted culture is defined as (Ukrainian), even though as Rus- Ukrainians as well because it was cre- 'common-rus culture on a Ukrainian sian is my native language because ated jointly (by our peoples). base' and is considered to be the si- I think in Russian. Historically, the Russian language multaneous achievement both Rus- Millions of Ukrainian citizens are has stronger positions than the Ukrai- sian and and litera- faced with the same choice, daily, so nian language. The latter existed and ture. they understand me. In the (former) was banned simultaneously. Even There is no way to get away from USSR the Russian language was the Ukrainian writers declined to use it this fact, since this is history; and its state language, the language of the voluntarily, switching into Russian, denial or distortion for modern 'politi- law, and of higher education. Several because this allowed them to present cal expediency' is a crime. generations were brought up using their works to a wider reading audi- Civilized bilingualism in a coun- Russian; about 290 million people of ence. try is first of all No compulsion in the various nationalities communicated in For example, Taras Shevchenko language sphere.. It requires creat- it.. wrote many of his works in Russian, ing conditions for learning the state So, is it ours or our parents' fault and was supported by a Russian pa- language and providing state support that we were born and educated in tron from Saint-Petersburg. Nonethe- for the Ukrainian-language publica- the Russian-speaking environment? I less, this did not preclude him from tions and movies. But not suppression cannot help but recall the great Ivan becoming a great Ukrainian classic. through taxation of the Russian-lan- Franko (who wrote): "...the language Although the writer wrote in Russian, guage (products). you were born into and brought up in, this did not mean that he ceased to be This means the control and pro- you cannot forsake without crippling a Ukrainian author. Gogol is a vivid ex- motion of the authentic Ukrainian lan- your soul". ample of this. guage on state TV channels, instead Actually, the language problem is In the first half of the 19th century of 'wrenching one's hands' and setting by far from a linguistic one. Whether or the formation of the Ukrainian culture ultimatums for commercial channels. not the Russian language shall be the was only beginning that is why Go- But Ukraine has chosen the path state language in Ukraine is the ques- gol's Creativity could exist only within of strong-arm methods in the lan- tion. Its ultimate resolution should not  Taras Shevchenko (1814-1861) is a guage question and has brought about be influenced by the overemotional at- prominent Ukrainian poet, writer, painter a horrible hybrid, called 'surzhyk' that tachments of those who are in favour and public figure. in time will swallow the Ukrainian lan- or against the Russian language, nor  Shevchenko wrote his prose works guage. the restless passions of Ukrainian pol- and the diary in Russian. For writing his poems in Ukrainian he was exiled into In this regard, of ethnic Ukrainian iticians who cater to the populist bab- Kazakhstan for 15 years, without the right bling. to write or paint.  Refers to the common Kyiv Rus ances- The Ukrainian cultural heritage  According to the modern Ukrainian try. historians, the formation of the Ukrainian  In Ukraine both Ukrainian-language  An eastern city bordering on Russia, culture began more than a millennium and Russian-language production (books, predominantly Russian speaking. ago at the time of the Kyiv Rus. However, movies, etc.) are taxed by the state.  Ivan Franko (1856-1916) is a Ukrainian the beginning of the new Ukrainian litera-  A kind of pidgin language spoken on poet, writer and politician who lived and ture dates back to 1798, when the first the territory of Ukraine that developed worked in Western Ukraine (Galicia, then book using vernacular Ukrainian language on the basis of elements of the Ukrainian a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). was published. language combined with Russian

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 61 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER descent, Harvard Professor Roman is forceful means against culture and Constitutional Court of Ukraine recog- Shporliuk's words sound authoritative, people. nized that foreign films before distribu- "Millions of Ukrainians who con- Language should not be a tar- tion throughout the country, must be sider Russian as their mother tongue get for politicians. To save one's lan- dubbed, voiced-over or sub-titled in voted in favor of Ukraine's indepen- guage, one should fight neither for the the official language. dence on December 1, 1991. Thus, language and nor with languages. This norm is endorsed by the Law those Ukrainians whose mother Unfortunately, the President does on Cinematography. On short notice, tongue is Ukrainian owe them certain not understand this or is unwilling to The Ministry of Culture, to please the political and moral debt.. The easiest understand. He demonstrates his re- President (former President Yushchen­ way to destroy Ukraine is to begin to spect for Ukrainian culture and this ko), banned distribution of motion pic- 'ukrainize' non-Ukrainians. Language deserves praise. But can one appre- tures undubbed into Ukrainian, with- fanatics pose the greatest threat to ciate his nation and not respect their out taking into account the fact that Ukraine's independence. right to choose? Playing favourites both the decision of the Constitutional To my mind, Ukrainian should with west (Ukraine) and not consider- Court of Ukraine and existing law al- be the language of state institutions. ing the interests of his citizens in the lows for an option of either subtitling, What we should do is to encourage East? or voice-over or dubbing. civil servants in Eastern Ukraine to In fact, one should not behave like What do we have in result? We learn Ukrainian, and in the Western to a "political ostrich" on the language is- have discontent of the Russian-speak- use Russian language, if needed. sue, and escaping from the objective ing audience, low-quality dubbing due Of importance is respect for any reality. to the lack of actors and dubbing stu- language and its practitioners! The From the political perspective, in state of Ukraine, or to be more pre- the whole world there exist only ONLY  According to the decision of the Consti- tutional Court of Ukraine, the execution of cise, its leaders must realize that two approaches – the monolingual which is mandatory for all the branches of aside from state institutions, in other and multilingual. The modern world is power, the Ministry of Culture and Tour- spheres the introduction of Ukrainian multilingual. And what about Ukraine? ism issued the order #1 of January 1st, (Language) should only be promot- The language issue for Ukraine 2008, signed by Minister V. V. Vovkun, ed and not imposed by decrees and remains a purely ideological ques- which reads: ORDER sanctions. tion.. Those who prefer the Ukrainian Kyiv 18 January, 2008 We will not solve the language language most often seek to limit Rus- #1 problem, unless we change our atti- sian rather than realistically solve the On dubbing or synchronizing or tude towards it – by dealing with it as problem. subtitling foreign films in the state with the matter of right, and not as a It is a false and dangerous road. language. matter of legislation. Unfortunately, the problem of the To execute Articles 6 and 17 of the Law of Ukraine "On Cinematography", the deci- The clash between languages is Ukrainian language is not perceived sion of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine the clash between cultures these lan- in Ukraine as a problem of cultural of December 24th, 2007, "On the official guages represent. It has been histori- politics. And that which occurred, for interpretation of the statements of Article cally established in world history that example, with the obligatory Ukrainian 14, Part 2, of the Law of Ukraine "On Cin- the language of the mightier culture dubbing of films – is only another dem- ematography" I hereby order: wins and prevails. onstration of this problem. 1. To the state office of Cinematography Thus, only by making our own It is interesting to note that while (G. P. Chmil) to abide by the decision of culture dominant, can we achieve the Ukrainian filmmaking industry is the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. dominance of our own language. For in ruin, funds are being invested in 2. To the state office of Cinematography Ukraine the recipe is simple: by nur- obligatory dubbing of foreign films into (G. P. Chmil) to prohibit to give the cer- turing the development of Ukrainian Ukrainian. Moreover, the language tificate allowing the distribution and dem- onstration of a film, if it is not dubbed or culture incrementally by grafting it in most of these films is understood synchronized or subtitled in the state unto another generation, which grows by every resident of Ukraine, without language on the film copy of the original and receives a strong Ukrainian lan- dubbing.. And all of this only to serve film. guage.. political speculations. 3. All subjects of cinematography should This process is lengthy and natu- As a professional lawyer, I cannot follow this order, notwithstanding the form of ownership or subordination. ral. Implementation of the Ukrainian refrain from turning to the legal norms, V. V. Vovkun language by means of presidential de- which exist in the country, yet valid in The original text is printed at: http:// crees, or more so, – by the ministries, Ukraine. On December 24th, 2007 the www.kmu.gov.ua/control/publish/ article?art_id=110052559

62 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP dios, a sharp decline in attendance Languages, Ukraine is obliged to loy- the majority of Russians speak only at cinemas, absence of art house, ally treat the independent mass media one language. After all, bilingualism is and intellectual films in release... An- and support regular radio- and TV- more appealing even from the point of other abuse of the person who lives in programs in the regional languages. view of cultural development. Ukraine. There is an important triad each And those who now forcefully limit The state should not force any- component of which significantly influ- the use of Russian in Ukrainian society one, but rather it should create condi- ences human consciousness and the must become aware of their responsi- tions under which the film screening in formation of a society – language, reli- bility before future generations. They Ukrainian will become profitable and gion and land. And the future of a state rob our descendants of the ability to prestigious. depends on how the problems related enjoy the Ukrainian-Russian cultural This can be done in several ways. to these components are solved. legacy in the original language. First of all, reduce taxes on distribu- Ukraine is in favour of populist The new generation will not be tors and cinema owners. Secondly, politics. Indeed, the language of poli- able to appreciate in all its glory works the state should cover the costs for tics and language politics are differ- by Bulgakov, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, dubbing into Ukrainian directly from ent. All political forces, without excep- Yesenin and many other men of let- the state budget. Thirdly, it should tion, should get used to listening to the ters who wrote in Russian. create additional economic conditions people. Fortunately, the language of to promote Ukrainian filmmaking. For some time the average citi- painting is international and the works A list of such measures can be zens of Ukraine have demonstrated a of such artists as Malevich, Repin, seen in the policies of many Europe- model of an adequate, pro-European Vrubel and others, who were born in an countries which have successfully language policy.. It is considered nor- Ukraine, will not need any translation. developed their film industry: Poland, mal in Ukraine when one switches ("Ukrainian Truth") Hungary, Germany, France etc. from one language to the other hun- The original text is printed in The question of the status of the dreds times a day. "The People's Truth" Ukrainian language in Ukraine is very A Ukrainian is a person who http://narodnapravda.com.ua/politics/ often absolutely incomprehensible to speaks two Slavic languages. That 4afad6864fbe3/ European or American analysts who is our advantage over Russia, where study the post-Soviet spheres. Here is the explanation: more than a third of the states in Europe have languages, the names of which do not coincide with the name of the native nationality. The situation is sim- ilar in half of the states in Asia. Even in Africa only Ethiopia, Somalia and the Seychelles are an exception from the rule. The majority of the Irish having rich traditions of national self-identi- fication and being brought up in the long struggle for independence speak English. The Irish language, spoken by approximately 3% of the citizens, is used, so to speak, ssymbolically. Not to mention , Switzer- land, Canada... These are the conse- quences of globalization! After all, from about 6800 languages in the world, only a hundred or so are used as of- ficial languages of sovereign states. CUPP 2010 & Ottawa MODEL UKRAINE Conference Skype Meeting June 26; According to the article 11 of the Kyiv Interns: Aishe Memetova (Kyiv Mohyla University); Stacy Tsarkova (Kyiv Charter for Regional and Minority Mohyla University); Iryna Krasnoshtan (Kyiv Polytechnic); Volodymyr Venher (Kyiv Mohyla University); Valeria Trush (University of Kyiv); Illya Symonenko (Kyiv Mohyla University). CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 63 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Review of the Iryna Berezhna's article «Мовна політика, чи мова політики»

Illia FILATOV Volodymyr Vernadsky Tavrida National University, Simferopol 2010 Antin Hlynka Scholarship recipient

I was born in Crimea and I have or more official languages. In this case a firsthand experience with the prob- the only possible second language «Ну що б, здавалося, слова... lems of Ukrainian language in Rus- she sees is Russian language. And Слова та голос – більш нічого. sian-speaking regions. And these the question immediately arises: what А серце б'ється – ожива, problems have explainable historical will change in Ukraine after that? Will Як їх почує!.. Знать, од Бога reasons. However, to live in Ukraine east and west of our country merge І голос той, і ті слова and do not consider the Ukrainian lan- in unity? Will Crimea stop looking at Ідуть меж люди!...». guage as native – is unnatural (if you Moscow through Kiev? Will Ukrainian Т. Г. Шевченко are not a foreigner of course). self-consciousness's development Despite the number of Russian- starts in Russian-speaking regions? The article of Iryna Berezhna cer- speaking regions, Ukraine still exists I am afraid not. And if the second of- tainly deserves attention and forces to as a unitary State with the only lan- ficial language question arises then a lot of things to think about. However, guage, which is written in a Constitu- I will choose English rather than any it causes much more questions. No tion. And this language is Ukrainian. other. Despite the fact that I was born doubt that author's ideas which were This article has an obvious politi­ in Russian-speaking environment, I published in the article not only similar cal colour and it indulges the inter- realize that English language – is the to ideas of Party of Regions, but they ests of definite circles. The opinion language of the world. And as for Rus- are entirely the same. It, in its turn, that «Не можна відокремитись від sian, it will be understood in Ukraine raises a question about their objectiv- культурної спадщини великої дер­ regardless of its status. ity. Nowadays when we read articles жави, складовою частиною якої I was also surprised by the state- of politicians, we have to learn to dis- довгі роки була Україна» shocked ment: «Нове покоління не зможе оці­ tinguish fresh progressive ideas and me. The "Velika Derzhava" means нити у всій красі творіння Булгакова, the propaganda. Unfortunately, there the USSR, I guess? And what cultural Достоєвського, Тургенєва, Єсеніна are more and more of the last one. contribution was made by this totali- та багатьох інших класиків, що тво­ The great example of political tarian regime to the development of рили російською». There have never propaganda serves an article of Pani Ukraine? All that we have in heritage been any problems in Ukraine with Berezhna «Мовна політика, чи мова from the "Velika Derzhava" – is the reading Russian classical writers in політики». Her position was clear af- lack of Ukrainian self-consciousness original. The difference with Ukrainian ter only a few words in the beginning. in our society and neglectful attitude literature lies in the fact that every- First she declares that she wrote this to the official language in particular one in Ukraine will understand Push- article in Ukrainian language in order regions of Ukraine. Ukraine is able to kin, but not everyone will understand to show respect to it. Than she tells us solve all its problems by itself. There- Franko and Shevchenko. And this, I that her native language is – Russian. fore, we have to get rid of the influence think, is much worse. Pani Iryna does not think about form- of Russia as soon as possible. Whatever how strong are the Rus- ing of the Ukrainian consciousness. I really liked how the author noted sian roots in Ukraine, Ukrainian roots She thinks only about saving russian that «Головне – це повага до будь – are stronger! We are on our own language for russian-speaking people. якої мови та її носіїв». This is a cru- land. For so many years Ukraine was Is it a patriot position? Is it possible to cial idea, which should guide policy in under the pressure of different coun- put yourself apart from Ukraine when all countries dealing with the language tries, cultures and interests. you live there? problems. But further Pani Berezhna And this time is gone forever. cites the example of countries with two

64 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Comment on the Article by Iryna Berezhna: "Language Policy or the Language Policy"

Llliian IBADOVA Yaroslav the Wise National Law Academy of Ukraine, Kharkiv 2010 John & Mary Yaremko Scholarship recipient

The article is a very controversial Does Russia or any other country one. And I admit that approximately 5 do the same? Should the Ukrainian years ago I could agree with it. Yes, language be eradicated or replaced the east of Ukraine speaks Russian. within the boundaries of Ukraine? Of into a great strength that brought back But what are the roots of that? From course not! The Russian language is the near extinct Hebrew language the Final Selection Meeting in Kyiv I not forbidden in Ukraine. There are no back to life. It could be a good exam- have understood one important thing. reasons to worry about its existence. ple for Ukraine. We surely cannot compare the lan- It's not forbidden to watch films, read In conclusion, I want to say that guage situation in Ukraine with the lan- books or whatever do in Russian. I whatever happens in our life, we must guage policies of Switzerland, Belgium don't see any problems with using it. remined people of the 21st century, or Canada. Their histories are quite But I agree with the author when who respect other human beings, their different from that of Ukraine. These she underlines the absence of neces- dignity, rights and fundamental free- three countries were formed by differ- sity to translate Russian movies. I do doms. The contemporary world tries ent nations with their own languages. not think this is the main position that to solve all its problems by means of They negotiated to adopt one common Ukrainian language must conquer. Es- dialogue and negotiations. Our coun- state. This is the reason of several pecially I do not understand the sub- try is mainly Christian. If we simply try national languages. But in Ukraine titles in the cartoons. Small children to love each other, all problems will Ukrainian language was considered can't even read! seem small. Love covers lots of mis- as non-existent and wrong. It was op- Ukrainian language must be, first understandings and simplifies the dif- posed by the Soviet government and of all, in our hearts. We must spread it ficulties. Let's try to understand each compared with a folk speech. In my in love faithfully and reasonably. Israel other. Love to our own Ukrainian lan- childhood I did not understand this in 1967 didn't have any national lan- guage is a logical consequence of our language (Ukrainian) which many old guage. But their idea and faith turned love to Ukraine and its citizens. people spoke. I believed it was the language of old people. As I found out later, it was the Ukrainian language. So the deliberate policy was almost achieved, and only a lack of time and Independence in 1991 interrupted the process of forcing the Ukrainian language to disappear. Such a policy looks terrible, now. Today we know why, when and what for that happened. Knowing the reasons, we are therefore responsible for our present behavior and life. We are citizens of Ukraine regardless of our nationality and we must un- derstand that any particular national ambitions must be in harmony with Ukrainian culture, language and tradi- tions. Ukraine takes care of us, gives CUPP 2010 & Ottawa MODEL UKRAINE Conference Skype Meeting, June 26, us education, and protects us abroad. Kharkiv participants: Lillia Ibadova (Yaroslav the Wise National Law Academy), Artem Sokolskyi, C'09 (Vasyl Karazin National University of Kharkiv). CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 65 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Comments to the Iryna Berezhna's article «Мовна політика, чи мова політики» (The Language Policy or the Language of Politics)

Mykhaylo PALAHITSKYY University of Vienna, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy 2010 Christina Bardyn Scholarship recipient

some regions, the Russian language adoptions for Russia. Translation of has a much stronger positions than foreign movies into Ukrainian is also a Ms. Berezhna's position on the Ukrainian. In the East it is much easer good way of popularization of Ukrain- language issue in Ukraine is quite un- to get by using Russian than Ukrain- ian language in Ukraine. Moreover, derstandable to me, but does not cor- ian. Many people speaking Ukrainian millions of Ukrainians prefer watching respond with my point of view. The in the East feel like a minority. Ukrain- movies in Ukrainian. I think it is a form Russian language is important for ian is not a threat to the Russian lan- of discrimination, if a movie in a cin- her and several million other Ukrain- guage. On the contrary the Ukrainian ema is not offered in Ukrainian. ians. Iryna Berezhna and the Party language is losing ground in many In my opinion, in debating the lan- of Regions stand for acceptance and Ukrainian cities. Few if any initiate guage question, all Ukrainians have to the possibility to continue using the conversation in Ukrainian in the East concentrate on the common national Russian language in many spheres of Ukraine, as Russian prevails and interests, which are national unifica- of life. They are aware that the status for convenience or through apathy it is tion and consolidation, which are cru- of the Russian language is very con- easier to live there using Russian. cially important for Ukraine's future troversial and has to be negotiated. Ms. Berezhna explains the cur- development. The status of the Rus- Iryna Berezhna appears ready to work rent language issue in Ukraine, with sian language as the second national on the compromise of the languages reference to some past events from language in Ukraine; populist argu- question. history. Her arguments and historical ments of some politicians against the Ms. Berezhna's article makes it facts demonstrate that in her opinion popularization of the Ukrainian lan- clear, that nobody in Ukraine wants to and conclusions the current Ukrain- guage; and opposition to attempts to speak a language mixed of Ukrainian ian culture is based on events from create better opportunities for popu- and Russian words, which is called the first part of the 19th century, from a larization of Ukrainian in the East of "surzhyk". It is in the common inter- time of the prevailing common culture Ukraine are not constructive contribu- est of all Ukrainians to speak the lan- shared by some Eastern European tions to resolving the language ques- guage correctly. Linguists warn gov- countries. I have to disagree with that tion in Ukraine. ernments to avoid granting equal legal premise, as I think today's language status of two very similar languages, problems in Ukraine are the outcome as it can have disastrous outcomes for and legacy of the Soviet era. both languages and lead to the use of At the beginning of the 20th cen- a "surzhyk" dialect. Except for Belarus tury the Ukrainian language was there is no other country in the world, much-much more in use in Eastern where two very similar languages cities than it is today. Today we have have equal national and official status. to deal with the Soviet legacy and the The examples of bilingual Canada, past russification and sovietisation of Belgium and Switzerland with 4 official the country. That important factor was languages can not be implemented in not mentioned at all in Iryna Berezh- Ukraine, as French, German and Eng- na's article. lish do not have such close similarities I can not support Ms. Barezhna's as Russian and Ukrainian. So, in my arguments against obligatory transla- opinion it is in the best and common tions of foreign movies into Ukrainian. interest of all Ukrainians to have only As we all know well a language is a one official national language, which cultural heritage and translation of On the roof of the Algonquin Hotel. L should be Ukrainian. foreign movies into Ukrainian means to R: Oksana Hoba, C'07 (University I disagree with Ms. Berezhna's also adopting them to our cultural en- of Ottawa); Andriy Oleniuk, C'06 argument that Ukrainians exert pres- (Georgetown University); Olha vironment. Russian translations of the sure on the Russian language. In Kroytor, C'07 (George Washington Hollywood movies are translations and University). 66 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 67 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

«Модель України» – новий майданчик для обговорення «українських» питань?

Iryna KRASNOSHTAN Evhenia VIATCHANINOVA MA in Linguistics MA in Journalism Kyiv Polytechnic University University of Kyiv 2010 John & Julia Stashuk Scholarship 2010 Cathy Obal Scholarship

11-12 лютого. Вашингтон Пер­ щодавні вибори, а також економічно- і на обговорення політичних питань, ша конференція з циклу «Модель соціально-культурну ситуацію в зокрема впливу результатів пре­ України» стартувала в Інституті українській державі загалом. Її не­ зидентських виборів на геополітичні Європейських, Російських та Євра­ ординарність полягає у тому, що її перспективи України. До дискусії зійських Студій при Школі Між­ провели поза межами України, а молодих фахівців та студентів долу­ народних Відносин Еліота в уні­ тому – поза жодними політичними чи чилися і більш досвідчені колеги, верситеті Джорджа Вашингтона у агітаційними впливами. Так, учасни­ серед яких вчений, юрист, знаний столиці США. Ініційований Фунда­ ки заходу змогли критично оцінити публічний діяч Богдан Вітвицький цією Українознавчих Студій та ситуацію в Україні і провести жваві і з Нью-Йорка та юрист, письменник, Фундацією Катедра захід зібрав «гарячі» дискусії. журналіст Андрій Семотюк із Лос- випускників Канадсько-Української «Модель України» у Вашингтоні Анджелеса. Парламентської Програми (КУПП), була, в першу чергу, спрямована на Важливість такого незаангажо­ які свого часу завдяки гранту від індивідуума, громадянина сильної ваного дискурсу оцінив Радник з української діаспори отримали України з розвиненими інституціями, економічних та культурних питань змогу пройти стажування у Палаті яка усім нам імпонує. Його чи її посольства України у США Олек­ Громад у місті Оттава. Зараз біль­ національна ідентичність, права сандр Александрович: «Це одна шість з них продовжують навчання та обов'язки у дискурсі побудови із рідкісних можливостей, коли я чи працюють на високооплачуваних громадянського суспільства роз­ бачу разом так багато українців, і посадах у Північній Америці. глядалися під різними кутами – істо­ це хороший знак. Дуже важливо, Ця конференція стала подією уні­ ричним, політичним, психологіч­ що молоді фахівці різних сфер кальною не лише з огляду тематики, ним, культурним і навіть у світлі діяльності мають можливість вести яка охопила питання ідентичності, економічної доцільності. Важливий дискусію спільно зі своїми амери­ прав та обов'язків громадянина, не­ акцент учасники дискусії поставили канськими колегами.» Таку думку поділяють і самі учас­ ники конференції. Зокрема, Роман Діденко, випускник КУПП, який нині працює у Світовому Банку вважає: «Хтось продовжує навчання, хтось працює у державних установах, інші – у приватному секторі. Тож думки і погляди, якими діляться учасники, більш розмаїті, ніж ті, що лунають на будь-якій виключно академічній конференції. Саме завдяки цьому, конференція КУПП має потенціал стати впливовим майданчиком для обговорення важливих для сучасної України питань.» Нагадаємо, «Модель України» – це перша конференція із заплано­ ваного циклу, яка надалі включатиме відповідні заходи в Оттаві восени 2010 року та Києві – у 2011 році. At the National Opera Theatre in Kyiv. Arina Kostina, C'09 (Kyiv Mohyla Ірина Красноштан, Євгенія Вятчанінова University) and Iryna Krasnoshtan, C'09 (Kyiv Polytechnic University).

68 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

CUPP Alumni Gathered to Shape "Model Ukraine"

by Roman TASHLITSKYY Lesia Ukrainka Volyn National University, Rivne Maria & Joseph Siecinsky Scholarship recipient

In February alumni of the Cana- disagree with their status as heroes or da-Ukraine Parliamentary Program would it be more reasonable to devote (CUPP) gathered for a two-day con- more attention to education on these Bohdan Vitvitsky, whom most of ference in Washington, DC at the El- subjects?); and Is Ukraine a post-co- the CUPPers know at least in absen- liott School of International Affairs of lonial state or it should share the re- tia because they wrote assignments the George Washington University. sponsibility for the tragedies in its his- based on his essay about the Ukrai- CUPP offers students from Ukraine an tory and refuse to see its history from nian language to get into the program, opportunity to serve as interns in the the position of a subaltern? spoke on "Patriotism, Facts, History, Canadian House of Commons, where Another interesting component Learning from Others, and Who vs. they can witness the workings of a of the conference was the participa- What." He was somewhat critical of real democracy first-hand. The recent tion of invited honorary guests. For the current Ukrainian society, saying conference gave CUPP alumni from example, Taras Kuzio, whom many Ukrainians sometimes do things that different years, who are now pursu- in Ukraine know through his blog in can't be explained from a rational view- ing their education or career in North the most influential Ukrainian on-line point. Having worked for two years at America, a forum to share their ideas newspaper Ukrainska Pravda, had the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv on an anti- on the individual, identity, rights and a presentation on the subject "What corruption project, he was very con- responsibilities in a "Model Ukraine," Does the Election of Yanukovych vincing. In the course of his presenta- the conference's topic. Mean for Ukraine?" Though most of tion, he inserted a short quiz, trying to The discussions were heated due the CUPP alumni present were upset catch the alumni in their ignorance of to the fact that the conference was by Yanukovvych's victory, they didn't some important facts from Ukrainian held a few days after the presidential automatically have praise for Tymosh- history. Fortunately, the CUPPers are elections in Ukraine, the outcome of enko, his main competitor. That is why not just average Ukrainian students, which drastically changed the direction Mr. Kuzio, as a supporter of the former so they were quick to answer. How- of Ukrainian politics. Participants ap- Ukrainian PM, had to retort some un- ever, Mr. Vitvitsky did suggest reading proached the topic from different per- comfortable questions. more books. spectives and discussed the following Andy Semotiouk, an attorney from The conference was also a good themes: Ukrainian identity (Who is a LA, gave an impressive lecture en- opportunity for those interested in Ukrainian? Is it someone with a Ukrai- titled "If You Don't Know where You Ukraine to communicate with young nian passport or it is something akin Came from, You Cannot Know where Ukrainians: the conference premises to the state of mind, regardless of citi- You are Going. What Can Be Learned were full of such people. zenship?); How can we make our na- from Ukrainian History? What Can Mr. Ihor Bardyn, the CUPP direc- tive language become a common val- Be Learned from the Foreign Experi- tor, with whom the alumni have devel- ue, rather than something that divides ence?" His presentation was full of oped almost a family bond, concluded Ukrainians? (Participants from East- emotional and thought-provoking mo- the conference. One of the speakers ern and Southern Ukraine suggested ments, which will surely be imprinted expressed an idea that each demo- that a forced introduction of Ukrainian in the memory of the conference par- cratic society must have three con- in all spheres of life had a negative ef- ticipants. For example, he explained stituents: a strong opposition, free fect, and in order to make Ukrainian how, while visiting Ukraine during the mass media, and a developed civil so- acceptable among traditional Russian- time of the USSR, his relatives had to ciety. Ukraine seems to have the first speakers, the government could use take him to an open country field – and two. The third one, the most difficult positive marketing techniques); Offi- even there they felt the need to whis- to achieve and the most important, is cial recognition of individuals in Ukrai- per in his ear – to speak about their still in a nascent state. In his closing nian history, such as Shukhevych and relatives who belonged to the Ukrai- remarks, Mr. Bardyn expressed hope Bandera? (Shall we ignore those who nian Insurgent Army (UPA). that the conference of these current CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 69 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER and future leaders of Ukraine, who in- pants suggested recommendations for relations with the EU, Russia and the fluence their respective fields and en- subsequent conferences. USA. The Third Conference is sched- vironment, would be a small but con- The second conference will take uled to take place in Kyiv in November siderable step in building the civil soci- place in Ottawa, Ontario on October 2011 and will focus on combining the ety in Ukraine. Since the Washington 2010 and will focus on the state, its deliberations of the first two confer- Conference was the first in the series electoral system, its integration into ences to create a Model. of the CUPP conferences, the partici- the Euro-Atlantic Community and its In the pictures:

Getting ready for a group picture. In the center below – Professor Henry Hale, Director of the Institute for Taras Kuzio speaks about Ukrainian European, Russian and Eurasian Studies. Presidential election.

Olha Shudrak, CUPP'10; Yaryna Kobel, CUPP'08; Bohdan Kushpler and Solomiia Bobrovska, CUPP'10 at Western Ukrainian Telemedicine Center in Lviv during CUPP Skype Meeting.

Ottawa MODEL UKRAINE Conference Skype Meet- ing, Simferopol, June 26. 70 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Меценатам / Thank You Donors

Дорогі друзі Канадсько-Української Парламентської Програми, «Ні про що не турбуватись, ні за чим не турбуватись – значить, не жити, а бути мертвим, адже турбота – рух душі, а життя – се рух», – стверджував відомий український філософ Григорій Сковорода. Ваше рішення підтримати найбільш здібних молодих українців на їхньому шляху до професійного та особистісного розвитку стало виявом особливої турботи. Адже сприяючи КУПП, Ви дбаєте не лише про долі кількадесят індивідів, а передусім – про Україну, її демократичний поступ і гідне майбуття серед Європейської спільноти! Jean-Baptiste Moliere, a prominent French playwright, claimed: "Every good act is charity. A man's true wealth here- after is the good that he does in this world to his fellows." Your personal commitment in providing students from Ukraine with a life-time opportunity to complete an internship in Canada's Parliament was incredibly helpful and contributed to the educational goal of the program. Thanks to this good act on Your behalf, two generations of young Ukrainians were able to learn and observe the very best of the Western policy-making practices. We are convinced that this valuable professional and personal experience and education will someday be 'imported and take root' into Ukrainian soil, to ensure our country's bright future! Since the 18th Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program which took place in the fall of 2008, CUPP has received the fol- lowing donation: BARDYN, Michael ...... $ 2,600.00 BOLUBASH, Christine ...... $ 200.00 BLOOR TRAVEL AGENCY LIMITED ...... $ 100.00 CAISSE POPULAIRE DESJARDINS UKRAINIENNE de Montreal ...... $ 1,000.00 CARPATHIA CREDIT UNION, Winnipeg, Manitoba ...... $ 500.00 CHABURSKY, Zenia & Omelan ...... $ 100.00 CYBULSKY, Irene (Hamilton, ON) ...... $ 200.00 DZULYNSKY, Orest & Tetiana ...... $ 100.00 FISCHER-SLYSH, Dr. Maria ...... $10,000.00 GENGALO, Borys (Ottawa, ON) ...... $ 100.00 HANKIVSKY, Roma & Basyl ...... $ 50.00 HLYNKA, Stephanie (spouse of Member of Parliament Antin Hlynka (1945-49) ...... $ 100.00 HORDIENKO, Alexander & Irene ...... $ 1,000.00 HUMENIUK, Dr. Roman and Jerry ...... $ 5,290.00 JACIW, George & Martha ...... $ 100.00 KERELIUK, Adele (in memory of William Kereliuk, Director of The Chair of Ukrainian Studies Foundation) . . $ 100.00 KUPLOWSKY, Walter ...... $ 100.00 LISCHYNA, Leonid ...... $ 250.00 LUCIW, Oleh ...... $ 100.00 MAKSYMIW, Oksana ...... $ 50.00 MOROZ, Irene ...... $ 500.00 REBRYK, Michael ...... $ 1,000.00 REPLANSKY, M. C...... $ 275.00 STASHUK, Julia ...... $ 2,100.00 STRILCHUK, Irene (Yorkton, SK) ...... $ 150.00 TELIZYN, Emil ...... $20,000.00 TKACHUK, Starr ...... $ 50.00 TOMKIW, Ihor ...... $ 300.00 UKRAINIAN CANADIAN PROFESSIONAL & BUSINESS ASSOCIATION OF TORONTO ...... $ 500.00 UKRAINIAN CREDIT UNION LIMITED ...... $ 500.00 VERYHA, Wasyl ...... $ 100.00 WITER, Andrew ...... $ 100.00 WYNNYCKYJ, Roman & LIALKA, Marika ...... $ 100.00

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 71 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

Will CUPP survive till 2030?

by Ihor BARDYN But in 1991 history took an unex- provided assistance in areas other pected turn and uncovered a coun- than the education of a new genera- try, a nation and a society which now tion which could steer the country unto needed not only instincts of survival the democratic path. but the power of vision and forward But what was crucially needed thinking. was a program to educate the next In 1991 independent Ukraine came generation of Ukrainians on demo- Ukrainians in the Diaspora have out of the state of subservience and cratic governance and give them an demonstrated capable skills of survival domination by Russia and Russifica- opportunity to observe the operation as dynamic societies in their countries tion and needed to refocus itself unto of a normal democratic government of settlement during the 19th & 20th the path of a democratic, civil society, and society. centuries. western oriented country. In the area CUPP provided that opportu- They managed to successfully of governance it was almost entirely nity. With the backing and vision of integrate into those societies and es- dependent on outside help. Ukraine's Canadian families Mazurenko, Hu- tablish strong foundations in religious, teachers from elementary school to meniuk, Hlynka, Hrynyk, Malanchuk, educational, cultural, business and university were all Soviet trained. Sukniarsky, Wrzesnewskyj, Stashuk, community-volunteer fields. Ukraine's politicians were all Commu- Yaremko, Fedyna, Siecinsky, Obal, The pioneers of the Diaspora nist regimented. Ukraine's population Loboda, Kereliuk, Hordienko, Makuch, were guided by instincts of survival was to a great degree sovietised, with Bazylewych, Telizyn, Fischer-Slysh, and not necessarily of vision. Ukraine's only the few understanding the pre- Bardyn an Endowment Fund of almost national anthem reflects this focus on cepts of democratic government and 1 million dollars was donated for the survival and is indicative of the his- civil society. purposes of awarding scholarships tory of the ancestral homeland. Given The Ukrainian Diaspora sprang to university students from Ukraine the bitter and frequent intrusions his- into action with many projects and to come to the Canadian Parliament tory has made into the lives of many programs of assistance. Most if not all for an Internship and learn and ob- generations of Ukrainians, it is under- were focussed on current needs and serve the operation of a democratic standable. survival. Most if not all such programs government. The Endowment Fund produced interest earnings which paid for the complete costs of bringing the students to Ottawa during the first 10 years. In the new century the earn- ings began to run short of paying for the costs and deficits began to grow. The deficits now make it impossible to continue with the program. Travel, ac- commodation, food, medical coverage, transportation costs in 2010 are not what they were in 1991 or 2001. And so the CUPP 2011 program will be the last program, unless the Endowment Fund is replenished and doubled from its original amount. Will CUPP survive until 2030? Only if the Diaspora recognizes the needs of Ukraine, accepts that it has a stake in the development of the ancestral homeland as a democratic western country and replenishes the L to R: Iryna Bilonizhka, C'09 (University L to R: Winter in Ostroh. Iryna Kozachok, Endowment Fund for CUPP. Then of Lviv) and Kateryna Kozachok, C'08 C'09 (Ostroh University) and Yaroslav CUPP will survive and young Ukrai- (Ostroh University). Kovalchuk, C'08 (Ostroh University) nians will continue to develop a vision In Ostroh, in front of Bohoyavlenska in front of Murovana Tower, the oldest Tserkva, built in the 16th century. building in Ostroh, 1386. for their country. 72 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program What Learnings are Interns Taking Back to Ukraine?

Since Ukraine's independence, some of its university students have been interning, a few months each year, with Canada's parliamentarians in Ottawa to experience how Canada governs. NASHA DOROHA's Editor spent a wonderful half-day with 25 interns discussing change, in general, and how Canada changed them. Meet some of these well-spoken, trilingual, even quadrilingual young people who have agreed to share their thoughts with you.

Yaroslav KOVALOHUK Iryna BILONIZHKA Home Country: democracy, freedom n CUPP '09 Coordinator, Univer- n University of Lviv (Ivan Franko of speech, the transparency of the sity of Ostroh (National University National University of Lviv), Fac- parliament, dialogue between govern- of Ostroh Academy) ulty of International Relations ment and opposition, and the attitude n Dopomoha Ukrajini Foundation n Malanchuk Family Scholarship toward subordinates. Scholarship n Intern to James BEZAN, MP, n Intern to Tilly O'NEILL-GORDON, Selkirk-Interlake, Manitoba Evhenia VIATOHANINOVA MP, Miramichi, New Brunswick n University of Kyiv (NTSU of Kyiv) Найціннішим здобутком життя за­ n Antonina and William Bazylewych Одним з найважливіших уроків, які кордоном є різниця – культурна, ду­ Scholarship я взяв для себе з участі у КУПП, ховна, економічна, політична, психо­ n Intern to Hon. Jason KENNEY, є усвідомлення того, що навіть логічна. Перебування всередині MP, Calgary Southeast, Alberta одна людина має важелі впливу цієї різниці спонукає задуматись і для того, щоб змінити свою грома­ переосмислити себе і довколишніх, I never imagined that some Canadian ду, свою країну, а відтак і світ дає можливість побачити світ че­ MPs do not own cars and get to work навколо себе на краще. Потрібно рез іншу призму. Канада змінила on foot. Nor could I ever have fan- лише правильно вибирати засоби. мій світогляд і трансформувала cied that parliamentarians' dachas in Коментар, залишений на форумі, моє відношення до людей і речей the Crimea or Carpathian mountains офіційне звернення до політика, – відкритість і щирість і водночас would 'beat' in luxury the Quebec який представляє твої інтереси в невидима межа, за яку тебе, чу­ residence of the Governor General. In парламенті, стаття у друкованому жинця, ніколи не впустять, але Ukraine, our parliamentarians seem to виданні чи навіть проста розмова якою й ніколи не хизуватимуться. be gods ruling 'mere mortals': in ad- з друзями – це все має вплив на Нам, українцям, бракує цієї нена­ dition to high allowances, they enjoy оточуючих, адже думка матеріальна стороженої відкритості і виваженої immunity that encompasses luxurious і якщо вона вже висловлена, вона обмеженості. Ми занадто щирі і state-owned cars, as well as security продовжує жити своїм життям, змі­ відверті, але інколи не знаємо межі. and innumerous residential posses- нюючи, навіть якщо у невеликих Треба навчитись ставити її – непо­ sions provided by law. масштабах, світ навколо. Кажуть, мітно, невимушено, але впевнено, не Members of parliament should serve що помахи крил метелика в одній ображаючи і викликаючи довіру. people and be accountable for every частині світу можуть спричинити deed they do. Oleksiy BOHUN ураган в іншій. Людина не метелик Khrystyna HUDYMA і її дії, особливо якщо вони добре n University of Kyiv (Taras Shev- chenko National University of n Lviv Polytechnic National Univer- виважені та мають підтримку з боку sity однодумців, можуть спровокувати Kyiv) n Humeniuk Family Scholarship щось набагато більше, ніж просто n Antin Hlynka Scholarship n Intern to Cheryl GALLANT, MP, атмосферне явище. Вони можуть n Intern to Dean DEL MASTRO, MP, Peterborough, Ontario Renfrew-Nipissing-Pembroke, проникнути в серця людей, підняти Ontario бурю в їх головах та об'єднати їх під From the enormous experience I gath- стягом однієї ідеї – ідеї розбудови ered here in Canada I would like to take Among the extremely valuable experi- своєї країни та забезпечення добро­ some things with me back to Ukraine ences I obtained during my internship буту свого народу. and be able to implement them in my in the House of Commons – the key

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 73 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER political learning I would like to transfer from Canada to Ukraine – is that MPs are elected officials obliged to repre- sent their electors in the best way pos- sible. Otherwise, they will pay a very high price.

Sofiya YEVCHUK n Volyn National Members of CUPP Class 2009 with Oksana Bashuk Hepburn, Editor ND University and former executive and Ken Hepburn, former Sr. Assistant Deputy n John & Julia Stashuk Scholarship Minister. Both were with the Government of Canada. n Intern to Hon. Maria MINNA, MP, It costs about $5,000 to sponsor an intern. Due to the shortage of funds, CUPP is Toronto, Ontario being substantially cut back next year. And fewer Ukrainian students will be able I think that probably the most dramatic to benefit from the Canadian experience. All interns receive a Canadian-spon- sored scholarship. If you wish to be a sponsor, please contact Ihor Bardyn, CUPP change in my personality that took Director. Also, if any of the MPs who have accepted the Ukrainians as interns in place after my coming to Canada was their parliament offices are from your riding, please call them, or write, to thank the attitude to immigration. Earlier I them for this gesture of good Canada-Ukraine relations. For more information visit thought that moving to another coun- www.KATEDRA.org try you have to assimilate completely with the locals to become accepted to it is possible to live in Canada pre- not planning to leave Ukraine; still, it a new community. Having met many serving your originally native religion, is very important for me to know that representatives of the Ukrainian Dias­ customs, traditions and find friends there is a country where a person can pora in Ottawa I have got to know that among other Ukrainians here. I am move to.

CUPP 2010 & Ottawa MODEL UKRAINE Conference Skype Meeting in Los Angeles at the University of California at Meeting June 26; Uzhorod. Yurii Medentsii (Uzhorod Los Angeles. L to R: Ihor Bardyn; Olya Halyabar, C'04; Lucy National University) & Olha Sorokivska (Lviv Polytechnic Hicks; Oleksandr Pankiv, C'08; Antin Kushnir, C'03. University).

Andriy Oleniuk (Georgetown University) and Oleksandr Pankiv (Boston University) at Grand Canyon, USA.

74 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER 20th Year of CUPP

CUPP Alumni Pursuing Graduate Studies

Artem SHYRKOZHUKHOV 2009 Mazurenko Family Scholarship pursuing studies at BI Norwegian CUPP 2005 pursuing studies at University of Sas- School of Management, Oslo Kyiv International University katchewan 2005 Mazurenko Family Scholarship Maryna IAROSHEVYCH graduating from Oxford in 2010 Iryna KRASNOSHTAN CUPP 2010 CUPP 2009, CUPP 2010 Coordinator Kyiv Institute for the Humanities Anna YABLONSKA Kyiv Polytechnic University 2010 Mazurenko Family Scholarship CUPP 2006, CUPP 2009 Coordinator 2009 Senator Raynell Andreychuk pursuing studies at University of Eastern Ukrainian University Scholarship Maastricht, the Netherlands for the 2006 Mazurenko Family Scholarship pursuing studies at College of Eu- MA in European Studies Currently studying at University of Ot- rope, Natolin Campus, Poland tawa. Will be graduating in 2011. Anton KRASUN – CUPP 2010 Khrystyna SOROKIVSKA Lviv Polytechnic University Kateryna BONDAR – CUPP 2008 CUPP 2009 2010 Alexandra & Eugene Sukniarsky Kyiv Mohyla University University of Lviv Scholarship 2008 Edward Schreyer Scholarship 2009 John and Myroslava Yaremko pursuing studies at Oxford University Skovoroda Scholarship- pursuing Scholarship studies at Harvard University Law pursuing studies for Erasmus Mundus Olha SHUDRAK – CUPP 2010 School Master in Transnational Trade Law University of Lviv and Finance, 2010-2012 2010 William and Antonina Bazylew- Oksana HOBA – CUPP 2008 ych Scholarship Ivan Franko University of Lviv (Inter- Valeria SHVEDIUK – CUPP 2009 pursuing studies at Humboldt Univer- national Economics) Kyiv-Mohyla University sitat zu 2008 Yuriy & Oksana Fedyna Schol- 2009 Ramon Hnatyshyn Scholarship arship Currently doing MA in Communica- Vitaliy Lipich tion in University of Ottawa. Will be CUPP’07, Leonid Kozhara (2004- graduating in 2011. 2005 Secretary of the State Council Yaroslav KOVALCHUK for European and Euro-Atlantic CUPP 2008, CUPP 2009 Coordinator Integration, in University of Ostroh 2006 Deputy 2009 Dopomoha Ukraini Foundation Chairman of the Scholarship International Relations Erasmus Mundus Scholar, University Committee, of Algarve, Portugal, 2010-2012 Member of PhD in Political Linguistics Parliament from the Party of Regions), Mariya Oleksiy BOHUN – CUPP 2009 Romanyshyn University of Kyiv CUPP’08, Taras 2009 Antin Hlynka Scholarship Chornovil (Ukrainian pursuing studies at University of Kon- politician, stanz, Germany independent Khrystyna HUDYMA – CUPP 2009 member of Party Lviv Polytechnic University of Regions block in the Verhovna Rada) and Taras Hayun at the Economic Forum in Krynica (Poland 2009).

People who worked on this Newsletter: Editorial board: Illya Filatov, Olha Sorokivska, Illya Symonenko, Iryna Krasnoshtan, Oleksandr Pankiv, Evheniya Viatchaninova, Olena Wawryshyn, Ihor Bardyn, Lucia Hicks, Pavlo Shopin Layout and design: The Basilian Press Cover design by: Illya Filatov Newsletter printed by: "Multi Art" Publishing House, vul. Bohdana Khmelnytskoho 102, Suite 11, Lviv 79024 Ukraine, P/O Box 2436

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 75 PARTICIPATING UNIVERSITIES, CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 2010 20th Year of CUPP CUPP 2010 NEWSLETTER

University of Vienna, 1365 Kyiv Mohyla University, 1618 University of Lviv, 1661 Queen Mary University of Mykhaylo PALAHITSKYY Andriy KRIL Solomia BOBROVSKA London, 1785 Ayshe MEMETOVA Solomia BORHOSH Bohdan BOLONNYY, LL.M. Illia SYMONENKO Oleksandr PANKIV Stanislava TSARKOVA Olha SHUDRAK Volodymyr VENHER

University of Kharkiv, 1804 Yaroslav the Wise National Law University of Kyiv, 1834 University of Boston, 1839 Svitlana SAMOILINA Academy of Ukraine, 1804 Valeria TRUSH Oleksandr PANKIV, LL.M. Nadia FEDORIV Evhenia VIATCHANINOVA Lilia IBADOVA

Lviv Polytechnic, 1844 Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi Kyiv Polytechnic, 1898 V. Vernadsky National Tavrida Anton KRASUN National University, 1875 Iryna KRASNOSHTAN University, Simferopol, 1918 Bohdan KUSHPLER Stanislava TSARKOVA Illia FILATOV Olha SOROKIVSKA

Bohdan Khmelnytsky Nation- University of Uzhorod, 1945 York University, 1945 Sevastopol National Techni- al University, Cherkasy, 1921 Yuriy MEDENTSIY Daniel BAZYLEWYCH cal University, 1963 Iryna KRUTENKO Kateryna LYSENKO Ivan MATVEICHENKO

Chornomorskyy Kharkiv National University Kyiv Institute for the Zaporizhia Institute of Economics State University, of Internal Affairs, 1992 Humanities, 1994 and Information Technologies, 1994 Mykolaiv, 1996 76 Bohdan BOLONNYY Maryna IAROSHEVYCH CANADA-UKRAINEKyrylo KORZH PARLIAMENTARYVladyslav PROGRAM VLASOV