Impossible Objects
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S232 Trompe L'oeil だまし絵サーカス
Kids Plaza Science and Technology Building 2F S232 Trompe l'oeil だまし絵サーカス ■Purpose of Exhibition You can enjoy “trompe l’oeil” (tricks of the eye), an art technique that uses realistic imagery to create optical illusions of depth: for example, an optical illusion of two images embedded in the same picture, and three- dimensional images that do not exist in the real world. ■Additional Knowledge Vase is another type of ambiguous image that can be interpreted in two different ways. The image depicts a white vase in the center with a black background, allowing viewers to interpret it as either “a vase” or “the silhouettes of two faces in profile looking at each other.” However, Rubin’s Vase – in which these reversible interpretations are possible by alternatively interpreting the black areas as figure or ground – is a different type than the pictures displayed here. [Five Animals Escaping from the Circus] In the picture of a circus team, five animals are in hiding. Can you see the image of animals depicted using the contours of people and balloons? This version is relatively easy to find the animals. Some images of this type, which are often painted by artists, are more difficult. If you encounter such a challenging image, try [Clown or Old Man?] it and have fun. Rotate the disk, and you will see either a clown or an old [Lion and Tiger Climbing Stairs] man. By turning the picture upside down, a new image A lion and a tiger are climbing up different sets of stairs emerges. This type of visual illusion, called an “upside- connecting two floors. -
Picture Perception Cha8 Format
Using the language of Lines 135 Ambiguity and Reversibility Words and sentences can have many meanings. "Bow" can mean a ribbon, a part of a ship, or a posture. In "They are cooking Chapter Eight apples," the word "cooking" can be a verb or an adjective. Similarly, an individual line can depict any of the basic features of the visible environment. Usually the pattern around the line determines what is referent is, just as the phrase around "bow" limits it to "the colorful bow in someone's hair," or "the proud bow of a courtier." Using the One can ask what meaning the word "bow" could have on its own. And, similarly, one can take a simple line pattern and ask what it could depict. A circle can depict a hoop, ball, or coin, a fact that Language of Lines suggests depiction is a matter of will and choice. But closer examination leads to a different conclusion. When a hoop is de- picted, the line forming the circle depicts a wire. When a ball is depicted, the line depicts an occluding bound. To depict a coin, the line depicts the occluding edge of a disc. Notice that the referents are part of the language of outline. A highly detailed drawing may be unambiguous in its refer- ent, just as a full sentence around the word "bow" restricts the To claim that light and pictures can referent of the word. Ambiguity in perception results when only a be informative is not to deny that light and pictures can puzzle, too. few elements are considered, be they words or lines. -
Applications of Optical Illusions in Furniture Design
Applications of Optical Illusions in Furniture Design Henri Judin Master's Thesis Product and Spatial Design Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture 2019 P.O. BOX 31000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Master of Arts thesis abstract Author: Henri Judin Title of thesis: Applications of Optical Illusions in Furniture Design Department: Department of Design Degree Program: Master's Programme in Product and Spatial Design Year: 2019 Pages: 99 Language: English Optical illusions prove that things are not always as they appear. This has inspired scientists, artists and architects throughout history. Applications of optical illusions have been used in fashion, in traffic planning and for camouflage on fabrics and vehicles. In this thesis, the author wants to examine if optical illusions could also be used as a structural element in furniture design. The theoretical basis for this thesis is compiled by collecting data about perception, optical art, other applications, meaning and building blocks of optical illusion. This creates the base for the knowledge of the theme and the phenomenon. The examination work is done by using the method of explorative prototyping: there are no answers when starting the project, but the process consists of planning and trying different ideas until one of them is deemed to be the right one to develop. The prototypes vary from simple sketches and 3D modeling exercises to 1:1 scale models. The author found six potential illusions and one concept was selected for further development based on criteria that were set before the work. The selected concept was used to create and develop WARP - a set of bar stools and shelves. -
Sounds, Spectra, Audio Illusions, and Data Representations
Sounds, spectra, audio illusions, and data representations Edoardo Milotti, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste Introduction to Signal Processing Techniques A. Y. 2016-17 Piano notes Pure 440 Hz sound BacK to the initial recording, left channel amplitude (volt, ampere, normalized amplitude units … ) time (sample number) amplitude (volt, ampere, normalized amplitude units … ) 0.004 0.002 0.000 -0.002 -0.004 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 time (sample number) amplitude (volt, ampere, normalized amplitude units … ) 0.004 0.002 0.000 -0.002 -0.004 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 time (sample number) squared amplitude frequency (frequency index) Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) Fourier Transform A single blocK of data Segmented data Fourier Transform squared amplitude frequency (frequency index) squared amplitude frequency (frequency index) amplitude of most important Fourier component time Spectrogram time frequency • Original audio file • Reconstruction with the largest amplitude frequency component only • Reconstruction with 7 frequency components • Reconstruction with 7 frequency components + phase information amplitude (volt, ampere, normalized amplitude units … ) time (sample number) amplitude (volt, ampere, normalized amplitude units … ) time (sample number) squared amplitude frequency (frequency index) squared amplitude frequency (frequency index) squared amplitude Include only Fourier components with amplitudes ABOVE a given threshold 18 Fourier components frequency (frequency index) squared amplitude Include only Fourier components with amplitudes ABOVE a given threshold 39 Fourier components frequency (frequency index) squared amplitude frequency (frequency index) Glissando In music, a glissando [ɡlisˈsando] (plural: glissandi, abbreviated gliss.) is a glide from one pitch to another. It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, to glide. -
Bioplausible Multiscale Filtering in Retino-Cortical Processing As A
Brain Informatics (2017) 4:271–293 DOI 10.1007/s40708-017-0072-8 Bioplausible multiscale filtering in retino-cortical processing as a mechanism in perceptual grouping Nasim Nematzadeh . David M. W. Powers . Trent W. Lewis Received: 25 January 2017 / Accepted: 23 August 2017 / Published online: 8 September 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Why does our visual system fail to reconstruct Differences of Gaussians and the perceptual interaction of reality, when we look at certain patterns? Where do Geo- foreground and background elements. The model is a metrical illusions start to emerge in the visual pathway? variation of classical receptive field implementation for How far should we take computational models of vision simple cells in early stages of vision with the scales tuned with the same visual ability to detect illusions as we do? to the object/texture sizes in the pattern. Our results suggest This study addresses these questions, by focusing on a that this model has a high potential in revealing the specific underlying neural mechanism involved in our underlying mechanism connecting low-level filtering visual experiences that affects our final perception. Among approaches to mid- and high-level explanations such as many types of visual illusion, ‘Geometrical’ and, in par- ‘Anchoring theory’ and ‘Perceptual grouping’. ticular, ‘Tilt Illusions’ are rather important, being charac- terized by misperception of geometric patterns involving Keywords Visual perception Á Cognitive systems Á Pattern lines -
Ambiguous Cylinders: a New Class of Impossible Objects
Computer Aided Drafting, Design and Manufacturing Volume 25, Number 4, December 2015, Page 19 CADDM Ambiguous Cylinders: a New Class of Impossible Objects SUGIHARA Kokichi 1,2 1. Meiji Institute for the Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Tokyo 1648525, Japan; 2. Japan Science and Technology Agency CREST, Tokyo 1648525, Japan. Abstract: This paper presents a new class of surfaces that give two quite different appearances when they are seen from two special viewpoints. The inconsistent appearances can be perceived by simultaneously viewing them directly and in a mirror. This phenomenon is a new type of optical illusion, and we have named it the “ambiguous cylinder illusion”, because it is typically generated by cylindrical surfaces. We consider why this illusion arises, and we present a mathematical method for designing ambiguous cylinders. Key words: ambiguous cylinder; cylindrical surface; impossible object; optical illusion give two quite different appearances when they are 1 Introduction seen from two special viewpoints. An example is An optical illusion is a phenomenon in which what shown in Fig. 1, where a vertical mirror stands behind we perceive is different from the physical reality. a garage, but the roof of the garage and its mirror Typical classical examples include the Müller-Lyer image appear to be quite different from each other. illusion, in which the lengths of two line segments The actual shape of the roof is different from either of appear to be different although they are the same, and these. Another example is shown in Fig. 2, in which the Zöllner illusion, in which two lines appear to be the mirror image of a circular cylinder appears to be nonparallel, even though they are parallel. -
The Miracle of the Human Vision System
Asia Pacific Mathematics Newsletter DĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĨŽƌ hŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐKƉƟĐĂů/ůůƵƐŝŽŶƐ͗ dŚĞDŝƌĂĐůĞŽĨƚŚĞ,ƵŵĂŶsŝƐŝŽŶ^LJƐƚĞŵ Kokichi Sugihara 1. Introduction There is a class of anomalous pictures called “pic- tures of impossible objects”. They are popular in that Dutch artist M C Escher used them as inspiration for his art. When we see these anomalous pictures, we have impressions of 3D structures, but at the same time we feel that these structures are physically im- possible. In other words, we have inconsistent im- pressions of the objects; 3D structures on the one hand, and physical impossibility on the other. This phenomenon belongs to optical illusion. Fig. 1. Drawing of an impossible object “Impossible Stairs”. From a mathematical perspective, “impossible objects” are not necessarily impossible; indeed some Stairs”. This drawing was presented by Penrose and of them can be realised as 3D objects. These objects Penrose in their scientific paper on psychology [3], cheat our perceptions in two manners. First, we feel and was used by M C Escher in his famous artwork they are impossible although we are looking at exist- “Ascending and Descending” (1960) [1]. In this ing objects. Second, although we recognise that our drawing, there are walls surrounding a square yard, perception is inconsistent, we cannot mentally adjust and stairs are located on top of the walls. However, if them to their true shapes. In addition to anomalous we follow the stairs in the ascending direction, we pictures, we encounter various types of optical illu- eventually reach the starting point, and hence there sions when we try to interpret 2D pictures as 3D is no end to the stairs. -
Spatial Realization of Escher's Impossible World
Asia Pacific Mathematics Newsletter Spatial Realization of Escher’s Impossible World Kokichi Sugihara Abstract— M. C. Escher, a Dutch artist, created a series of endless loop of stairs can be realized as a solid model, as shown in lithographs presenting “impossible” objects and “impossible” Fig. 1 [17], [18]. We call this trick the “non-rectangularity trick”, motions. Although they are usually called “impossible”, some because those solid objects have non-rectangular face angles that of them can be realized as solid objects and physical motions in look rectangular. the three-dimensional space. The basic idea for these realizations is to use the degrees of freedom in the reconstruction of solids from pictures. First, the set of all solids represented by a given picture is represented by a system of linear equations and inequalities. Next the distribution of the freedom is characterized by a matroid extracted from this system. Then, a robust method for reconstructing solids is constructed and applied to the spatial realization of the “impossible” world. I. INTRODUCTION There is a class of pictures called “anomalous pictures” or “pictures of impossible objects”. These pictures generate optical illusion; when we see them, we have impressions of three- (a) (b) dimensional object structures, but at the same time we feel that such objects are not realizable. The Penrose triangle [13] is one of the oldest such pictures. Since the discovery of this triangle, many pictures belonging to this class have been discovered and studied in the field of visual psychology [9], [14]. The pictures of impossible objects have also been studied from a mathematical point of view. -
Ibn Al-‐Haytham the Man Who Discovered How We
IBN AL-HAYTHAM THE MAN WHO DISCOVERED HOW WE SEE IBN AL-HAYTHAM EDUCATIONAL WORKSHOPS 1 Ibn al-Haytham was a pioneering scientific thinker who made important contributions to the understanding of vision, optics and light. His methodology of investigation, in particular using experiment to verify theory, shows certain similarities to what later became known as the modern scientific method. 2 Themes and Learning Objectives The educational initiative "1001 Inventions and the World of Ibn Al-Haytham" celebrates the legacy of Ibn al-Haytham. The global initiative was launched by 1001 Inventions in partnership with UNESCO in 2015 in celebration of the United Nations International Year of Light. The initiative engaged audiences around the world with events at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, United Nations in New York, the China Science Festival in Beijing, the Royal Society in London and in more than ten other cities around the world. Inspired by Ibn al-Haytham, exhibits, hands-on workshops, science demonstrations, films and learning materials take children on a fascinating journey into the past, sparking their interest in science while promoting integration and intercultural appreciation. This document includes a range of hands-on workshops and science demonstrations, with links to fantastic resources, for understanding the fundamental principles of light, optics and vision. The activities help engage young people to make, design and tinker while better understanding the significant contributions of Ibn al-Haytham to our understanding of both vision and light. Learning Objectives ü Inspire young people to study science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) and pursue careers in science. ü Improve awareness of light, optics and vision through Ibn al-Haytham’s discoveries. -
Modeling and Rendering of Impossible Figures
Modeling and Rendering of Impossible Figures TAI-PANG WU The Chinese University of Hong Kong CHI-WING FU Nanyang Technological University SAI-KIT YEUNG The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology JIAYA JIA The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CHI-KEUNG TANG The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 13 This article introduces an optimization approach for modeling and rendering impossible figures. Our solution is inspired by how modeling artists construct physical 3D models to produce a valid 2D view of an impossible figure. Given a set of 3D locally possible parts of the figure, our algorithm automatically optimizes a view-dependent 3D model, subject to the necessary 3D constraints for rendering the impossible figure at the desired novel viewpoint. A linear and constrained least-squares solution to the optimization problem is derived, thereby allowing an efficient computation and rendering new views of impossible figures at interactive rates. Once the optimized model is available, a variety of compelling rendering effects can be applied to the impossible figure. Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation; I.4.8 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]: Scene Analysis; J.5 [Computer Applications]: Arts and Humanities General Terms: Algorithms, Human Factors Additional Key Words and Phrases: Modeling and rendering, human perception, impossible figure, nonphotorealistic rendering ACM Reference Format: Wu, T.-P., Fu, C.-W., Yeung, S.-K., Jia, J., and Tang, C.-K. 2010. Modeling and rendering of impossible figures. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 2, Article 13 (March 2010), 15 pages. DOI = 10.1145/1731047.1731051 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1731047.1731051 1. -
This Item Is the Archived Preprint Of
This item is the archived preprint of: Trompe l'oeil and the dorsal/ventral account of picture perception Reference: Nanay Bence.- Trompe l'oeil and the dorsal/ventral account of picture perception Review of philosophy and psychology - ISSN 1878-5158 - 6:1(2015), p. 181-197 Full text (Publishers DOI): http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s13164-014-0219-y To cite this reference: http://hdl.handle.net/10067/1232140151162165141 Institutional repository IRUA 0 TROMPE L’OEIL AND THE DORSAL/VENTRAL ACCOUNT OF PICTURE PERCEPTION While there has been a lot of discussion of picture perception both in perceptual psychology and in philosophy, these discussions are driven by very different background assumptions. Nonetheless, it would be mutually beneficial to arrive at an understanding of picture perception that is informed by both the philosophers’ and the psychologists’ story. The aim of this paper is exactly this: to give an account of picture perception that is valid both as a philosophical and as a psychological account. I argue that seeing trompe l’oeil paintings is, just as some philosophers suggested, different from other cases of picture perception. Further, the way our perceptual system functions when seeing trompe l’oeil paintings could be an important piece of the psychological explanation of perceiving pictures. I. Trompe l’oeil Unbiased readers of the philosophical literature on depiction may find it really odd how much of the discussion concentrates on trompe l’oeil paintings. These paintings after all, one could be tempted to say, are of a rather peripheral genre, which is confined to a very small geographic region (roughly, France and the Low Countries) and a very narrow time window (roughly, the 18th Century). -
BYU Museum of Art M. C. Escher: Other Worlds Education Resources
BYU Museum of Art M. C. Escher: Other Worlds Education Resources Escher Terminology Crystallography: A branch of science that examines the structures and properties of crystals; greatly influenced the development of Escher’s tessellations de Mesquita, S. J.: A master printmaker at the School for Architecture and Decorative Arts, where Escher was studying, who encouraged Escher to pursue art rather than architecture H. S. M. Coxeter: A mathematician whose geometric “Coxeter Groups” became known as tessellations. Like Escher, Coxeter also loved music and its mathematical properties. The initial ideas for Circle Limit came from Coxeter. Infinity/Droste Effect: An image appearing within itself in smaller and smaller versions on to infinity; for example, when one mirror placed in front and one behind, creating an in infinite tunnel of the image Lithograph: A printing process in which the image to be printed is drawn on a flat stone surface and treated to hold ink while the negative space is treated to repel ink. Mezzotint: A method of engraving a copper or steel plate by scraping and burnishing areas to produce effects of light and shadow. Möbius strips: A surface that has only one side and one edge, making it impossible to orient; often used to symbolize eternity; used to how red ants is Escher’s Möbius Strip II Necker cube: An optical illusion proposed by Swiss crystallographer Louis Albert Necker, where the drawing of a cube has no visual cues as to its orientation; in Escher’s Belvedere, the Necker cube becomes an “impossible” cube. 1