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National Minorities, Minority and Regional Languages in Germany
National minorities, minority and regional languages in Germany National minorities, minority and regional languages in Germany 2 Contents Foreword . 4 Welcome . 6 Settlement areas . 8 Language areas . 9 Introduction . 10 The Danish minority . 12 The Frisian ethnic group . 20 The German Sinti and Roma . 32 The Sorbian people . 40 Regional language Lower German . 50 Annex I . Institutions and bodies . 59 II . Legal basis . 64 III . Addresses . 74 Publication data . 81 Near the Reichstag building, along the Spree promenade in Berlin, Dani Karavan‘s installation “Basic Law 49” shows the articles of Germany‘s 1949 constitution on 19 glass panes. Photo: © Jens Kalaene/dpa “ No person shall be favoured or disfavoured because of sex, parentage, race, language, homeland and origin, faith, or religious or political opinions.” Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Art. 3 (3), first sentence. 4 Foreword Four officially recognized national minorities live in Germany: the Danish minority, the Frisian ethnic group, the German Sinti and Roma, and the Sorbian people. The members of national minorities are German na- tionals and therefore part of the German legal order. They enjoy all rights and freedoms granted under the Basic Law without any restrictions. This brochure describes the history, the settlement areas and the organizations of the national minorities in Germany and explores how they see themselves Dr Thomas de Maizière, Member and how they live while trying to preserve their cultural of the German Bundestag roots. Each of the four minorities identifies itself in Federal Minister of the Interior particular through its own language. As language is an Photo: © Press and Information Office of the Federal Government important part of their identity, it deserves particular protection. -
The Stasi at Home and Abroad the Stasi at Home and Abroad Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence
Bulletin of the GHI | Supplement 9 the GHI | Supplement of Bulletin Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Supplement 9 (2014) The Stasi at Home and Abroad Stasi The The Stasi at Home and Abroad Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence Edited by Uwe Spiekermann 1607 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE NW WWW.GHI-DC.ORG WASHINGTON DC 20009 USA [email protected] Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington DC Editor: Richard F. Wetzell Supplement 9 Supplement Editor: Patricia C. Sutcliffe The Bulletin appears twice and the Supplement usually once a year; all are available free of charge and online at our website www.ghi-dc.org. To sign up for a subscription or to report an address change, please contact Ms. Susanne Fabricius at [email protected]. For general inquiries, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. German Historical Institute 1607 New Hampshire Ave NW Washington DC 20009-2562 Phone: (202) 387-3377 Fax: (202) 483-3430 Disclaimer: The views and conclusions presented in the papers published here are the authors’ own and do not necessarily represent the position of the German Historical Institute. © German Historical Institute 2014 All rights reserved ISSN 1048-9134 Cover: People storming the headquarters of the Ministry for National Security in Berlin-Lichtenfelde on January 15, 1990, to prevent any further destruction of the Stasi fi les then in progress. The poster on the wall forms an acrostic poem of the word Stasi, characterizing the activities of the organization as Schlagen (hitting), Treten (kicking), Abhören (monitoring), -
The Golm Campus of the University of Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Leonie Kayser The Golm Campus of the University of Potsdam Universitätsverlag Potsdam The Golm Campus of the University of Potsdam Leonie Kayser The Golm Campus of the University of Potsdam Bibliographic information of the German National Library The German National Library has registered this publication in the German National Bibliography; detailed bibliographic information is available on the internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2019 http://verlag.ub.uni-potsdam.de/ Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 2533/Fax: 2292 E-mail: [email protected] This book is licensed under the Creative Commons license agreement: Attribution 4.0 International To see the terms and conditions of this license, follow the hyperlink below: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Cover photos: The striking building of the Information, Communication and Media Center (ICMC) on the Golm Campus (photo: Karla Fritze) as well as some campus impressions (photos: see list of illustrations). Composition and layout: typegerecht, Berlin Print: druckhaus köthen Translation: Susanne Voigt/Dr. Lee Holt ISBN 978-3-86956-472-2 Published online on the publication server of the University of Potsdam: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-43140 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431404 Contents 7 Preface 9 The Use Before 1951 13 The History of the Academy of Law in Potsdam 31 The University of Potsdam 43 Walk on the Grounds of the Golm Campus 83 Notes 88 Picture Credits 88 The Author 6 Preface Golm is an exceptional place. Beginning in the from around the world, dormitories, institutes – At the Golm Campus 19th century, it was predominantly used for ag- the digitally shaped science of the 21st century is riculture. -
THE STASI Also by David Childs
THE STASI Also by David Childs BRITAIN SINCE 1945: A Political History BRITAIN SINCE 1939: Progress and Reform THE CHANGING FACE OF WESTERN COMMUNISM (ed.) CHILDREN IN THE WAR (ed.) with Janet Wharton EAST GERMANY EAST GERMANY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE (ed.) EAST GERMANY TO THE 1990s FROM SCHUMACHER TO BRANDT THE GDR, MOSCOW'S GERMAN ALLY GERMANY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY GERMANY ON THE ROAD TO UNITY GERMANY SINCE 1918 HONECKER'S GERMANY (ed.) MARX AND THE MARXISTS WEST GERMANY, POLITICS AND SOCIETY with Jeffrey Johnson Also by Richard Popplewell INTELLIGENCE AND IMPERIAL DEFENCE: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire, 1904-1924 The Stasi The East German Intelligence and Security Service David Childs Professor of Politics University of Nottingham and Richard Popplewell Lecturer in Politics and Contemporary History University of Salford © David Childs and Richard Popplewell 1996 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Totten ham Court Road, london W1P 1lP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PAlGRAVE Houndmills, 8asingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. -
Children of a Lesser God: GDR Lawyers in Post-Socialist Germany
Michigan Law Review Volume 94 Issue 7 1996 Children of a Lesser God: GDR Lawyers in Post-Socialist Germany Inga Markovits University of Texas Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Legal Profession Commons Recommended Citation Inga Markovits, Children of a Lesser God: GDR Lawyers in Post-Socialist Germany, 94 MICH. L. REV. 2270 (1996). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol94/iss7/5 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHILDREN OF A LESSER GOD: GDR LAWYERS IN POST-SOCIALIST GERMANY Inga Markovits* Historical events create their own vocabulary. One of the new words spawned by the collapse of socialism is "lustration": the vetting process by which former socialist officials are examined for their in volvement in perversions of justice under the old regimes and for their suitability to be employed by the new ones. East European countries have thrown themselves into the task with differing amounts of energy. Some countries, like Russia and Bulgaria, consumed with more urgent problems, barely have bothered. Others, like Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, passed lustration statutes that promptly were attacked for violating constitutional principles that lustration indirectly was in tended to promote. In Poland, legislators found it so difficult to agree on the goals and methods of the cleansing process that seven different drafts of lustration laws failed in parliament.1 No other country tackled the job as thoroughly as Germany, where reunification on October 3, * Friends of Joe Jamail Professor of Law, The University of Texas. -
Transitional Justice in Eastern Germany Donald P
Notre Dame Law School NDLScholarship Journal Articles Publications 1997 Transitional Justice in Eastern Germany Donald P. Kommers Notre Dame Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship Part of the Law and Politics Commons Recommended Citation Donald P. Kommers, Transitional Justice in Eastern Germany, 22 Law & Soc. Inquiry 829 (1997) (book review). Available at: https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/1390 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Transitional Justice in Eastern Germany Donald P. Kommers INGA MARKOVITS, Imperfect Justice: An East,West German Diary. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Pp. ix + 204. $43.69 cloth. On October 3, 1990, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ceased to exist. On that celebrated day of German unity, the GDR incorporated itself into the legal and political system of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Economic and social union had taken place a few months earlier.1 After 40 years, a people who had become accustomed to central planning, full employment, and state ownership of almost everything suddenly found themselves compacted into a profit,driven market economy rooted in pri, vate ownership. Equally swift was the legal revolution, for Unity Day wit, nessed the toppling of the GDR's judicial system, along with its superstructure of socialist legality, and its replacement by West German ju, dicial institutions. -
The MS Wilhelm Gustloff in German Memory Culture
The M.S. Wilhelm Gustloff in German Memory Culture: A Case Study on Competing Discourses A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of German Studies of the College of Arts and Sciences by Michael Joseph Ennis B.A. Xavier University, May 2002 M.A. University of Kentucky, December 2005 Committee Chair: Richard E. Schade, Ph.D. Abstract The sinking of the German M.S. Wilhelm Gustloff in the Bay of Danzig on January 30, 1945 is by many accounts the deadliest maritime disaster in recorded history. Although the ship was a valid military target within the context of World War II, most of the passengers were German civilians fleeing the Soviet advance. For many years, the survivors and their advocates argued that a focus on National Socialism and the Holocaust had complicated and politicized any attempts at publicly remembering and mourning the Gustloff in Germany. Recently, however, the ship has received increased attention in German high and popular culture, leading many to claim that a taboo has been broken. The dissertation investigates the shifts in textual and audio-visual representation of the Gustloff from the time of its sinking to the present in an attempt to locate and understand this cultural phenomenon within the greater context of a society perpetually coming to terms with its dark past. i © Michael Joseph Ennis, 2014 All Rights Reserved ii In memory of the victims of the Wilhelm Gustloff, Christa Wolf (1929-2011) and Heinz Schön (1926-2013), and my father (1939-2013). -
Chapter 2: Defending Nature Under the Allied Occupation, 1945–1955
Chapter 2 DEFENDING NATURE UNDER THE ALLIED OCCUPATION, 1945–1955 S With Germany’s unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945, World War II in Eu- rope ended. Central government in Germany collapsed and the country was divided into four zones of occupation under American, British, French, and Soviet military control. During the fi rst years of the Allied occupation, many Germans suff ered to a degree that they had not known during the war when the Nazi regime had had access to abundant natural resources and the spoils of conquest. In the wake of total defeat, Germany lost 25 percent of its prewar ter- ritory, surrendering the former provinces of Pomerania, Silesia, and East Prussia, which today form part of Poland and Russia. Th is transfer of land meant giving up well-stocked forests and productive large farms. In the western zones of oc- cupation under US, British, and French administration, small farms prevailed. But thousands of these land holdings lay in ruins, making it diffi cult to feed the population adequately. Prolonging the scarcity of food were shortages of fertil- izer and horses that hindered planting in the autumn of 1945 and below average harvests over the next few years. Securing adequate housing posed additional challenges for occupation au- thorities. An estimated 20 percent of all dwellings in the four zones had been destroyed in the war. In the more industrialized Ruhr and Rhineland, an even larger percentage was lost, in some cases more than 50 percent. To rebuild homes, industry, and railway lines required vast amounts of timber and other raw materials that were in short supply because of territorial losses, reparations obligations, and tensions among the Allies.