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Christ's Lordship & Religious Pluralism.

Edited by Gerald H Anderson and Thomas F. Stransky, C.S.P. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1981. Pp. viii, 209. Paperback $8.95.

This is a lively discussion among ference in 1979 by theologians from of the contributors seem to confuse re­ of different traditions about Roman , Orthodox, Conserva­ ligious pluralism with cultural plural­ the way to understand other religions tive Evangelical, and Ecumenical Prot­ ism and to identify with and relate to their adherents. It seems estant traditions. There are five main one culture. Some are so overwhelmed to be easier to promote dialogue be­ sections, each consisting of a presenta­ by their (vicarious) repentance for the tween (at least some) Christians and tion from one of these traditions, re­ sins of nineteenth-century missionaries people of other faiths than it is to get sponses from two others, and a reply that all other issues are crowded out. different kinds of Christians to discuss by the original essayist. There are ad­ And none seems to have been forced to the subject with each other. That is mirable studies by Krister Sten­ think about Barth's famous word: "Re­ why Wilfred Cantwell Smith can claim dahl, four contributions to a panel ligion is unbelief." At the end I found that this volume "marks something of discussion, and "an attempt at summa­ myself asking: "Is the root of our trou­ a milestone." tion" by Professor W. Cantwell Smith. ble that we see ourselves in the judge's It embodies papers given to a con- One cannot comment in a short seat rather than on the witness stand?" review on twenty-two separate papers. But this is an important discussion The value of the book lies in the inter­ that will start many fruitful lines of Lesslie Netobigin, a contributing editor, retired re­ action. I found myself asking: "Who is thought in the mind of a concerned cently from the of Selly Oak Colleges, Bir­ really listening to the others?" To my reader. I warmly commend it. mingham, England. For many years he was a surprise I found most of the high marks -Lesslie Newbigin missionary and of the of South India for this going to the conservative evan­ in Madras. gelicals. This is worth pondering. Some

The God Who Cares. A Christian tament portrayal of the Jewish commu­ Looks at Judaism. nity reliable? Holmgren makes a beginning at answering these questions, and for that By Fredrick Holmgren. Atlanta, Ga.: John we are thankful. But he does not suffi­ Knox Press, 1979. Pp. 144. Paperback ciently grapple with the most basic $4.95. questions: Why does the messianic expectation lie so pervasively embed­ Dr. Fredrick Holmgren, professor of ing theological accent of the book. The ded in the documents? biblical literature at North Park Theo­ God of the Hebrews is the God who and, What is the meaning of the com­ logical Seminary, has profitably uti­ seeks after men and women, and who ing of of Nazareth who is the lized a sabbatical leave to produce this seeks for them to walk before his face very core of the docu­ volume. It is designed to serve the as covenantal partners. God has created ments? Christianity developed out of Christian community as a positive set­ them in the very image of God, and the Jewish tradition not because God ting forth of the values of the Jewish therefore God holds them responsible did not care enough, but because the religious-theological vision for life. before him. Jews did not care enough. And the The author himself describes the The law which God has given to coming of Jesus in pristine fashion re­ book as an "attempt to erase the carica­ Israel is to be seen not as a curse or a vealed that God does care! ture of Judaism that has existed in burden, but as an expression of that -R. Recker Christian circles for centuries" (p. 130). caring stance of God in regard to hu­ On this score the author must be com­ man beings. And that law sets forth mended for accomplishing in a measure not only the self-revelation of the heart what he set out to do. of God, but also his guidance for the The very title of the book, The God person who will live in relationship Who Cares, captures the most prevail- with such a God. As such the law is to be treasured as God's gift of life. For those persons who err, for those who penitently seek his face, R. Recker, a graduate of Calvin College and there is forgiveness with this God. In Seminary, served for fifteen years as a mission­ this book the faith and peace of the ary in Nigeria. He presently serves as Associate of the old covenant come alive. Professor of Missions at Calvin Theological But is that person of faith still to be Seminary, Grand Rapids, Michigan. found in Judaism, and is the New Tes­

32 International Bulletin of Missionary Research American Protestant Women in Jesus in Indian Paintings. World Mission: A History of the First Feminist Movement in By Richard W Taylor. Madras: Christian North America. Literature Society, 19 75. Pp. xio, 184 . Paper­ back Rs. 12.50. By R. Pierce Beaver. GrandRapids: Wm. B. The value and impo rta nce of this book, th an most peopl e would imagine or ex­ Eerdmans Publishing Company, rev. ed., written by an American Method ist pect. It con tains a wealth of informa­ 1980. Pp. 237. Paperback $ 7.95. mission ary on the staff of th e Christian tion and can be of grea t help to Inst itute for th e Study of Religion and seasoned scholars as well as to students First issued in 1968 as All Loves Excelling: Society in Bangalore, is mu ch greater starting in th is field . American Protestant Women in World Mis­ Taylor's work is trustworthy-the sion, R. Pierce Beaver's classic has be­ Arno Lehmann, formerly a missionary in India, is best available to dat e on th e subject. come a primary source book for anyone professor emeritus of missions and religions at Mar­ For instance, his cha pter on Christian interested in th e history of women in tin Luther at Halle in the German art in the Mogul period gives a fasci ­ the nineteenth century. Women's mis­ Democratic Republic. nati ng accou nt and analysis, dealing sionary societies were among the first places where women exercis ed their talents outside the home and gathered leadership experience to be used in a hos t of reform activi ties. To the 1968 edition Beaver has Missionarg Gold added a new on "The Decade of the 1970s," th e time when "women's It's ~ik e go l ~ to any th ~lo gic al lib~ary or exploring scholar in mission libera tion" swept the country an d the st~ d l~s -- this volume With all 16 Issu es of the Occasional Bulletin of church again. Unfortu natel y, lam ents N!~swnary Research, 1977-1980, bound in red buckram, wit h vellum Beaver, th e movement does not seem finish and embossed gol'10d lettering• to have affec ted mission s. Power and Limited edition: Only .26tT bound policy-making still appear to be almost volumes are available. Each volume exclusively in male hands. About the is individually numbered arid signed onl y mission boards th at have wo men personally by t he editor and associate editor. No additional complete sets presidents are those founded by wom­ of all t he pri nted iss ues will be avail­ en. able when these are gone. Beaver also notes the marked de­ cline of single-women missionaries. Includes: While married -couple mission aries • 240 contributors (a virtual have more than tripled in number sin ce " Who' s Who" of contem­ porary missiology) 1950, th e number of single women has • 210 book reviews not even doubled. In th e nineteenth • 245 doctoral dissertatio n century and early tw entieth single notic es wome n far outnumbered married and • cumulative index were often the backbo ne of the mis­ Special price: $46.95 sionary enterprise. He could find only six boards th at employe d mor e than Orders outside the U.S.A. add 100 single women and only two small $3.00 for postage and handling. Payment must accompany all faith missions th at still numbered more orders . single than married women on the ir rolls. Beaver concludes with a plea for more single women, citing their special To order, use the coupon below contributions to th e mission ary enter­ ·Mail~;------­ prise, and couples that wit h the realis­ Publications Office tic obse rvation th at women need to be Overseas Ministries Study Center admitted to " full partn ership in the P.O. Box 2057 making of policy, strategy, and prom o­ Ventno r, New J ersey 08406, U.S.A. tion in the homeland and field coun­ Send me __ bound volume(s) of the Occasional Bulletin of Missionary cils." Research, 1977-1980. Eerdman s Pub lishing Co. is to be commen ded for reissuing th is match­ Nam e, _ less book. -Nancy A. Hardesty Addr ess _

Nancy A. Hardesty is a church historian and uniter E nclosed is my check in the amount of $ . made out to " Occasional Bulletin o~ Missionary Research" . Orders outside U.S.A. add $3.00 for postage living in Atlanta, . She is author of Great and handling. Payment must acco mpany all orders. Allow 5 weeks for delivery Women of Faith, which includes the stories of within t he U.S.A. several pioneer missionaries and mission executives.

January, 1982 33 not only with Christian artists, but also tainly Jesus should not appear as a History of the with those of Muslim and Hindu faith. white man with blond hair and blue in Northeast India (l89~1915). "The painting of Jesus by Indian eye s. A serious problem is that, where­ Christian artists began around 1930" as Indian "must be his­ (p. 101). The paintings are meant to be torically grounded in the Indian By C. Becker. S D S Translated andeditedby "painted responses" to the Bible mes­ Christian community . . . the Chris­ G. Stadler, SDB. and S Karotemprel, sage. As S. S. Bundellu, former presi­ tianity community has, by and large, S.DB. Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Limited, dent of the Christian Artists' Central been cut off from deep Indian roots be­ 1980. Pp. xii, 439. Rs. 125. Association, told the author: the object cause missionization tended to mean of such work is " to preach the denationalization" (p. 173). Indian After many years of labor in the hills through art"(p. 129). Taylor empha­ Christian painters struggle to be both and among the tribal groups of Assam sizes indigenization when he say s, "our Indian and Christian. (present Northeast India), Mgr . Becker understanding of must be This small book is excellent and of published in 1923 a work entitled 1m formed from within our ethnocentric great help. Strom tal des Brahmaputra, which was situation" (p. 172). Hence all things -Arno Lehmann widely read in mission circles in Ger­ must have the Indian touch, and cer­ many. Now almost sixty years later a complete English translation of the book has appeared. The question may be raised whether the needs of the readers today would not have been better served by a much shortened ac­ count of these events of nearly a cen­ turyago. T~ The German arrived in Shillong in 1890. They were not pio­ and g MEANING neers. The Welsh Calvinistic Method­ ~~¥"\di ACROSS ists had long had a flourishing work el ~La.ll g CULTURES among the Khasis, and the American U_n d n were at work in the Brahma­ by Eugene Nida putra valley. The newcomers were able What the and William Reyburn to build on the excellent linguistic ebl M To provide adequate answers to the work of their predecessors in reducing problems that biblical translators to writing the languages of the area and B1 e eans face In working out acceptable laying the foundations of Christian lit­ solutions for vastly different cultural con­ erature. But the relations between the texts, the authors provide a thorough an­ two branches of the church were not as happy as they might have been. alysis of all the major factors involved in The mission carried on in the face the communication. )f frustrations and even of disasters. A linguist, anthropologist, and biblical The Fathers were joined by Sisters , scholar, Dr. Nida has written 25 books whose work won special commenda­ dealing with language , communication, tion. By 1914 they had built up a anthropology, missiology and translations. church of about 5,000 members. Then Dr. Reyburn has had extensive experience the tragedy of World War I broke upon in biblical study in South , Black them. No less than fifty-seven pages Africa, the Middle East, and the are devoted to the story of the deporta­ South Pacific. Paperback $5.95 tion of all the German missionaries by EUGENE 1\. NIDA. the British authorities. Perhaps these WILLIAM D. REYBURN sad events of long ago could have been GOD'S KINGDOM left to rest in silence. A Guide for The Salvatorians were never al­ lowed to return; their place was taken Biblical Study by the , who are By George V. Pixley, glad to acknowledge their debt to the Foreword by Harvey Cox earlier missionaries, through whose en­ "At last we have a book that analyzes the durance the foundations of the Roman vital connections between political in the area were laid . economy and religious faith in all the major -Stephen Neill periods of biblical history. Compactly and clearly written, with abundant biblical references, Pixley's work will be a tremen­ dous asset for study groups that want to Stephen Neill was for twenty years an Anglican grasp the Bible as a resource for social missionary and then bishop in South India. Now re­ change. " -Norman K. Gottwald, New tired and resident at Wyclille Hall, . Bishop York Theological Seminary Neill is writing a major history 01 . At bookstores. Paperback $5.95 or trom the pUblisher ORBIS BOOKS Maryknoll , NY 10545 I

34 International Bullet in of Missionary Research Hunger for Justice. The Politics and daughters of God, our security is ultimately linked to faith and justice. of Faith and Food. Religion that is used to excuse or per­ petuate injustice is idolatry, the wor­ By Jack Nelson. Maryknoll N Y: Orbis ship of false gods. In his reshaping of Books, 1980. Pp. viii, 230. Paperback an economic and social world-view, $4.95. the author calls us back to knowledge of the true God. To know God is to Hunger for Justice is a journey for its industrial self-sufficiency among de­ do justice. readers from the anguished question, veloping nations. The reader, faced for the first time "Why does God tolerate and Americans, Nelson says, have with an interpretation of economic and suffering?" to the realization that "In been "mesmerized by a corporate defi­ political issues that runs counter to the suffering of the poor, God is ... nition of freedom (... freedom of access mainstream American religion will be­ screaming ... at us and at our insti­ to raw materials, freedom to invest and gin to appreciate the tremendous dif­ tutions and social systems that cause trade) and development (... process ficulties Israel had in extricating itself and perpetuate hunger, poverty and in­ whereby foreign economic interests from the dominant values (idolatries) equality." and privileged groups in underdevel­ of the neighboring nations. It is a journey that the author him­ oped countries enrich themselves at the Jack Nelson, the national co-or­ self is making and so he deals head­ expense of the great bulk of their pop­ dinator of the Politics of Food program on with the comfortable myths that ulations) to the point that we hardly of Clergy and Concerned has keep justice, hunger, and notice that poor countries most open written this book especially for North unrelated in mainstream North Ameri­ to U.S. economic penetration, that is American Christians. From the world­ can Christianity: "The problem is over­ those who encourage free enterprise, view he builds, new directions for so­ population." "Christians should be are military dictatorships." lutions emerge, which take seriously apolitical." "A good war will solve our Thus the food-crisis picture is the power and energy of ordinary peo­ economic problems." Step by step, brought back to America and linked ple linked together. Nelson builds an alternative world­ to our military spending. Military se­ In a time when many missionaries view by exposing the links between curity alone cannot be the guarantor include some economic development as hunger and underdevelopment in Asia, of human security in the face of global part of the mission approach, this book Africa, and Latin America and the poli­ injustice. Those concerned about world is especially valuable. There is a need cies and strategies pursued by the hunger will also have to concern them­ to be "wise as serpents" in choosing United States government and the selves with the powerful American an appropriate and biblically integrated multinational corporations. military establishment. course of action. Nelson uses the prophet Amos' Nelson reminds us that, as sons -Dorothy Friesen commentary on the roots of hunger in eighth-century-B.c. Israel in order to establish the link between faithfulness to God and justice. The economic sit­ uation in Israel-food exported while NEW BOOKS from poor people went hungry, foreclosure on debts of the poor, monopoly control William Carey Library over food supplies by merchants­ bears remarkable parallels to our world SEEDS OF PROMISE: World Consultation on Frontier today. Missions, Edinburgh "80. Allan Starling, Editor The countries most seriously af­ An Important volume on mission strategy today. This compilation of the fected by the world food crisis have Edinburgh conference zeros in on the most urgent and important need some common characteristics. Their in pursuing the - the unreached peoples of the economies are integrated into the in­ world. Over 170 mission agencies were represented at the conference, ternational free-enterprise system, with 88 of the delegates representing 3rd world agencies. One of the their economic production is geared to most significant volumes on mission challenge in this decade. 272 international markets, and their do­ pages, paper $9.95 mestic economies are free-enterprise economies. PERSPECTIVES ON THE WORLD CHRISTIAN MOVE· An alternative would be economic MENT: A Reader self-reliance (the path chosen by China in 1949) with an emphasis on providing Ralph D. Winter & Steven C. Hawthorne, Editors basic goods and services for all the citi­ A massive volume containing 87 articles addressing the Biblical, zens rather than providing luxury Historical, Cultural and Strategic perspectives on the past, present and items for export. Nelson demonstrates future spread of the Christian faith. Contributors include such men as how American foreign policy has John R. W. Stott, Don Richardson, Arthur Glasser, Ralph Winter, David helped to discourage agricultural and Howard, Cameron Townsend, Donald McGavran, David Hesselgrave and Eugene Nida. A veritable wealth of missionary reading that is both challenging and practical. 856 pages, Kivar $18.95, Dorothy Friesen worked in Southeast Asia with Order from: the Mennonite Central Committee for three years. Under the auspices of Mennonite Vol­ WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY untary Service, Newton, Kansas, she recently P.O. Box 128-C, Pasadena, CA 91104 completed a North American speaking tour, Write for our complete booklist linking Asian, North American, and biblical concerns.

January, 1982 35 Christian, Non-Christian southern hemisphere. Dialogue: The Vision of Robert As for Schebera's assessment, it is C. Zaehner. good as far as it goes but it does not take into any great account the com­ plexity of Zaehner's personality. For By Richard L. Schebera. Washington, DiC: instance, scant attention is paid to the Univ. Press of A merica, 19 78. Pp. 162. Pa ­ problem of Zoroastrianism as far as perback $9.00. Zaehner's Semitic-Indian divide is con­ cerned. Is Zoroastrianism Indian or is it It is always difficult to assess a book servative enough to argue for the Semitic? If it is, as one must say, influ­ about th e thought of a person because priority of Matthew's Gospel on the enced by and influencing both tradi­ on e has to assess the wo rk of the au ­ basis that the church taught it! At the tions, then what becomes of Zaehner's thor of th e book as well as the work of same time, he made a remark, in my claim that only in Catholic Christianity the subject of the book. To take the presence, to the Dalai Lama that he is the Semitic-Indian or the mystical­ latter first: Robert Ch arles Zaehner was (Zaehner) was a crypto-Buddhist! It is prophetic divide overcome? Again, the a con vert to Rom an Catholicism and important to remember (and it is place of Islam in Zaehner's work is from 1952 he was Spalding Professor of doubtful that Schebera always does) not given enough attention . Also, Eastern Religion s and Eth ics at All that " East" and "West" for Zaehner of­ Zaehner's assessment of Sufism was Soul s' College, O xford. As Spalding ten simply meant " the Sub-Continent much more complex than the book Professor he was the immediate succes­ of India" and "West A sia" respectively. suggests. For example, Schebera men ­ sor of Dr. Radhakrishnan , later presi­ He was once asked to lecture on East­ tions the fact that Zaehner thought dent of Indi a. I mu st have been one of ern religions by a leading American that Sufism was influenced by Vedan­ his last research students before he university. He wrote back asking them ta . This is too simplistic. Zaehner died in 1974 while wal king home from which Eastern religions they were thought that certain monistic and pan­ Ma ss. At that time I was still in the thinking of, since, in his view, all of theistic Sufis were influenced by Ve­ middle of my resear ch work . Zaehner them were Eastern! Zaehner would not danta and/or Neoplatonism, but he wa s known to be a highly eccentric have agreed with Schebera's recurring was equally aware of the theistic tradi ­ person both in his work and in his per­ assumption that Christianity is pre­ tion within Sufism which, he admitted, son al habits. For example, he was con- dominantly Western. He was all too had strong roots within the Qur'an, acutely aware not only of Christian­ though he did not discount th e influ­ ity 's Asian origins but also of the ence of Eastern Christ ian . M ichael j. Nazir-A li isSenior Tutor at the Karachi Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian Schebera points out that Zaehner Theological Seminary, Church 0/ Pakistan. He has churches of the East. He knew also that turned against Teilhard toward the end studied, done research, and taught at Cambridge and by the close of this century the major­ of his life. This is true, but what is also Oxford . ity of Christians would be in the true is that the result of giving up Teil ­ hard's vision was , for Zaehner, bitter­ ness and as far as humankind's religious destiny is con­ cerned. Although , on the on e hand, one may say that Zaehner's view of Jesus Christ is fundamentalist and does not take into account the very great deal of work that has been done on the rela­ tion between the Jesus of History and the Christ of Faith, Schebera's, on the other hand, empties the word "Christ" respond~ de.~isiv~ly of all particularity and makes it possi ­ to ble for the word to be used to denote contempor~~y issues almost any and everything. and criticisms Finally, I agree that the "fulfill­ ment" model cannot easily be used in charts a vigorous new formal dialogue with people of other cours~ fo! Ghristian faiths. Still, it has a more limited use in social ministry. discussion with those who are con ­ scious of the unfulfilled aspirations within their own religious tradition and may be willing to see Christ as the fulfillment of these aspirations. The book is a reasonably compe­ tent survey of certain aspects of Zaehner's thought and could be useful if one is able to get used to the rather academic jargon, which is, neverthe­ less, combined with an informal, jour ­ Harpef'etJ Row nalistic style. tfjSAN FRANCISCO -M. J. Na zir-Ali •• . 1700 Monlgomery StCA 94 111 !BIZ

*suggestedco~~tynerptice

36 Int ernati onal Bulletin of Mis sion ary Resear ch Mission, Church, and Sect in mentioned, of course, in the papers on . Western Samoa by Tiffany (p. 425) and on Tonga by Decktor Korn (p. 419), Edited by James A. Boutilier, Dan iel T. with whom I agree one hundred per­ Hughes, and Sharon W . Tiffany . Ann cent when she say s, " 1 suggest that we Arbor, M ich.: Un iversity of M ichigan might mo re productively view mis ­ Press, 1978. Pp. xiv, 50 0. $33.50. sionization as a dynamic process in which local people themselves are ac­ This learned study consists of 14 se­ eager to share on every con ceiv able tive agents and manipulators." This lected papers from a sy mposium held level what they recognize as goods in book is a deliberate step by anthro­ in 1975 in Stuart , Florida , on mission­ the culture of the missionaries. There pologists in that direction; it is an in­ ary activity in Oceania by the Associ­ might well have been a paper devoted centiv e for missionaries to continue the ation for Social Anthropology in exclusively to this problem. process of indigeniza tion. Oceania. It is ASAO Monograph No .6, The existence of such pre ssure is -Ralph D. Wiltgen, S.V.D. has notes, 32 pages of references, fig­ ures, tables, general introductions and conclusion s. Unfortunately, however, it has no index. What prompted this publi cation "is a growing conscious­ ness among students of society and culture . . . th at the missionary contri­ bution both in action and in reflective scholar ship should be reevaluated" (p.1). The missionary reading this book will become exasp erated when he sees how often his work is presented as if nonreligious factors alone, like social benefits and political power, prompted Oceanians to convert. However, it is a chastening experience to see how one's work is looked upon by another pro ­ fession and to learn how varied and perhaps un suspected the motives of converts may be. Lest a missionary feel from the outset th at his work is misun­ derstood and misrepresented, let him begin by reading the papers of Counts, Forman, and Hughes. Hezel and Arbuckle show the sal­ utary impact on ind igenization by Vat­ ican II's teaching, but this teaching is not new , as it would seem from the text. Rome in 1659 instructed mission­ aries going to China: "Use no effort and take no steps to persuade those ". . . we can 01/ hear these men speaking oj the magnificence ojGod peoples to change their rites, cus toms in our native language:'-Acts 2: 11 and moral s, provided they are not very eviden tly contrary to religion and good "God of Creation:' one of Moody's most powerful films, is now avail­ morals. . . . Bring them not your coun­ ab le in 13 languages! In addition to Eng lish, Moody can supply the try, but your faith, which neither re­ film in: jects nor harms the rites and customs of Afrikaans Fren ch Korean Russian any nation, but wishes rather that they Arabic Italian Mandarin Spanish be kept safe and sound, provided they Croatian Japanese Portuguese Urdu are not perverse" (Collecfanea, Rome, 1907, p. 42). To se rve th e needs of th e mission field, Moody now has S ermons from Thi s basic missionary principle has Sci ence" films available in 23 languages. And every film explicitly been insisted upon down through the present s the gosp el of Jesus Christ in term s tha t peopl e of a ll cult ures centuries and was simply confirmed by can grasp. Vatican II. I would suggest that its im­ If you would like to enha nce your mission's outreach, or get field plementation is particularly difficult work under way while you are learning th e languag e, contac t Moody for missionaries because of the great Institute of Science today. pressure exerted on them by the peo­ We will gladly send you details on our films and subsidized mission­ ples to whom they are sent, peoples so ary lease program. / --""

Ralph D. W iltgen, S. V.D.. is on the staff of 6~.oYl'~~!l~,2~,~~!,~~~E Collegia del Verbo Divino in Rome. His latest bookis The Founding of the 12000 East Washington Boulevard s Whittier , Ca liforn ia 90606 Church in Oceania 1825-1850. CABLE: MISLA, WHITT IER , CALIF .

January , 1982 37 A Spirituality of the Road. succumbing to easier standards than one would have to face at home. The By David f. Bosch. Scottdale, Pa.: Herald book also discusses other difficulties Press, 1979. Pp. 92. Paperback $3.95. such as extreme individualism, self-in­ flicted misery and martyrdom, and the Dr. David J. Bosch, a former mission­ ary spirituality that has ever been pub­ inability of some Westerners to accept other races as equals. ary, is currently a member of the theol­ lished" (pp. 12-13). ogy faculty of the University of South The missionary lifestyle, he says, This is a worthwhile book. Some Africa in Pretoria. This book, one of must avoid the triumphalism of the may wish to complement Bosch's ex­ the few in the area of missionary spiri­ hawker, the militancy of the crusader, clusive attention to 2 Corinthians with tuality, originated as lectures given at and the success orientation of the cap­ other scriptural passages important for the Mennonite Missionary Study Fel­ italist. The missionary is servant and missionary spirituality, for example, lowship in 1978. ambassador of Christ. The missionary Matthew 9:35 to 11:1 or Romans 8 to After noting the problems that is like a chauffeur, like a spare tire (B. 10. More attention might also have missionaries have in their devotional [oinet), or like a beggar who tells other been given to the themes of hope, con­ lives, Bosch develops a spirituality beggars where to find bread (D. T. fidence, and joy that flow from partici­ which attempts to avoid any action­ Niles). Missionary spirituality is a pation in the mission of God and faith contemplation dualism. As he sees it, spirituality of the cross, which pos­ in the resurrection. spirituality is a life of involvement that sesses conviction with modesty, sees What Bosch has done, however, leads to a deepening of dependency power in weakness, and feels joy under he has done well. The book is interest­ upon God which, in turn, draws one to affliction. The missionary is neither ing and inspiring. It is of value to Ro­ increasing involvement in the world. superperson nor miracle worker, but a man Catholics as well as to Protestants. He focuses his reflections on 2 Corin­ common Christian chosen by Christ to Finally, it is short enough to be easily thians, lithe best case study in mission- work on the borderline between the al­ available to the busiest missionaries in ready and the not yet and to be sus­ the field. tained by the conviction: This is where -Michael Collins Reilly, S. J. I belong. Michael Collins Reilly, S.f., spent ten years in Two temptations for missionaries the Philippines and is currently a professor at are overactivity and loss of discipline. Maryknoll School of , Maryknoll, The former is Pelagian in thrust, since N Y: He is the author of Spirituality for Mis­ it neglects the central doctrine of jus­ sion. tification by faith. The latter involves

Entrance requirements include: (1) Master of Divinity degree (or its equivalent) (2) Commitment to mission service

Resident Professors: Dr. Harvie M. Conn Dr. Roger S. Greenway

Degree requirements include: (1) One year of residence and ministry in multi-ethnic setting of North Philadelphia. Items (2) and (3) are completed during that year.

(2) Internship in an ethnic church and community di'fferent trorn that of the student.

(3) Completion of the following courses (planned for one year): Pre-Field Orientation Theology of Missions Methods of Church Growth Missionary Anthropology Mission Demographics Briefing on World Mission Elenctics Cross-cultural Evangelism Case Studies Practicum Contextual Theology

(4) A practical project, on the mission field, completed after fulfillment of , residence requirements.

For information (and an application form), write: Dr. George C. Fuller Director, Doctor of Ministry Program • 11 J estminster Theological Seminary

38 International Bulletin of Missionary Research The Making of Mission Commu­ nities in East Africa. Fifteen Outstanding Books of 1981 for Mission Studies By Robert W Strayer. London: Heine­ mann; and Albany: University of The Editors of the International Bulletin of Missionary Research have selected the fol­ New York Press, 1978. Pp. ix, 174. No lowing books for special recognition of their outstanding contribution to mission price indicated. studies in 1981. We have limited our selection to books in English since it would be impossible to consider fairly the books in many other languages that are not How shall we interpret the vitality of readily available to us. We commend the authors, editors, and publishers repre­ African churches saddled with the leg­ sented here for their continuing commitment to advance the cause of the Chris­ acies of mission Christianity? Indepen­ tian world mission with scholarly literature. dency has not swept the field in Kenya, for example. Despite their internal con­ Anderson, Gerald H and Thomas F. Stransky, C.S.P., eds. flicts, Western-style churches in Africa Mission Trends No. 5-"Faith Meets Faith." are still growing at a phenomenal rate Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., andRamsey, N!: Paulisi Press. of 5 percent a year. Paperback $3.95. Robert Strayer in this volume ana­ Commission on World Mission and Evangelism. lyzes the development of Anglican Your Kingdom Come: Mission Perspectives. Report on the World Confer­ mission communities in Kenya from ence on Mission and Evangelism, Melbourne, Australia, 12-25 May 1980. 1875 to 1935. It is based on thorough Geneva: World Council of Churches. Paperback $10.95. archival and field research. The study Crim, Keith, general editor. includes detailed analyses of the freed Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions. slave communities of Freretown and Nashville: Abingdon. $39.95. Rabai, the scramble for missions in Dayton, Edward R., Samuel Wilson, and Raymond! Bakke, eds. Kikuyuland, the mission/church ten­ Unreached Peoples '82: Urban Peoples. sions over decision-making and self­ Elgin, Ill.: DavidC. Cook Publishing Co. Paperback $8.95. support, mission/state relations under Kane, ! Herbert. colonialism, the challenge of African The Christian World Mission Today and Tomorrow. politics, and the crisis over female cir­ Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House. $13.95. cumcision. Nida, Eugene A. and William D. Reyburn. Strayer, who is associate professor Meaning Across Cultures. of history at the State University Col­ Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. Paperback $5.95. lege in Brockport, New York, argues Phillips, James M that mission communities enabled Af­ From the Rising of the Sun. Christians and Society in Contemporary ricans to adapt to a changing society. Japan. Many viewed Western-style churches Maryknoll, N Y: Orbis Books. Paperback $14.95. as "highly important mediators of mo­ Samariha, Stanley! dernity, a means to overcoming the Courage for Dialogue. Ecumenical Issues in Inter-religious Relationships. power and status gap between Europe­ Geneva: World Council of Churches; and Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. Paperback ans and Africans" (p. 157). $7.95. Furthermore, he argues that they Sawatsky, Walter. became the arena for the making of a Soviet Evangelicals Since World War II. new African culture. Admittedly sharp Scottdale, Pa.: Herald Press. $19.95; paperback $14.95. conflicts existed, but over missionary Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. absolutism, not Christianity. Often, Towards a World Theology. Faith and the Comparative History of Religion. however, missionaries were flexible Philadelphia, Pa.: Westminster Press. $18.95. and responsive to local demands. Con­ Starling, Allan, ed. sider, for example, Strayer's analysis of Seeds of Promise. World Consultation on Frontier Missions, Edinburgh the circumcision crisis among the Ki­ '80. kuyu. While most missionaries found Pasadena, Calif.: William Carey Library. Paperback $9.95. the practice of female circumcision ab­ Union Theological Seminary in Virginia. horrent, many listened intently to local Christian Faith Amidst Religious Pluralism: An Introductory Bibliogra­ opinion. It is significant that indepen­ phy. dent churches today have little Richmond, Va.: The Library, Union Theological Seminary in Virginia. Paperback $5.00. strength in those districts in which the Wagner, C. Peter. Church Missionary Society (CMS) Church Growth and the Whole Gospel. A Biblical Mandate. bishop permitted "local option" for fe­ San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers. $13.50. male circumcision if conducted pri­ Wilson, Samuel, ed. vately and with no physical injury. Mission Handbook: North American Protestant Ministries Overseas. 12th In this book Strayer challenges the Edition. assumption that "indigenous" Chris­ Monrovia, ca«. MARC/World Vision International. $22.50. tianity can be studied only in African Winter, Ralph D. and Steven C. Hawthorne, eds. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement: A Reader. Pasadena, Calif: William Carey Library. Paperback $18.95. Norman E. Thomas is Director of the Mission and Evangelism Program at Boston University School of Theology, following fifteen years of work in Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) and Zambia.

January, 1982 39 independent churches. He arg ues that Tha t is it s major strength. Yet reade rs Rise Up and Walk. An Autobiog­ " both individua ls and societies found may wish that some comparisons had raphy. on occa sion in the immigrant religion been made between the CMS and other sy mbo ls, techniques and ideas which mission communities in Kenya, or be­ By Abel T. M uzorewa. Edited by N orman see med appropriate to meeting old tween Church Missionary Society ap­ E. Thomas. N ashville: Abingdon, ]978. proaches in va rious Afric an countries. needs and which could facilitat e their Pp. 289. $9.95. adjustment to the new and wider world It is to be hoped that Professor Strayer increasingly impin gin g upon them" (p . will use his well-honed research and 2). ana ly tical skills in future in compara­ In his auto biography Abel T. Straye r focused in this monograph tive studies. Muzor ew a, bishop of th e United on the impa ct of one mi ssionary soci­ -Norman E. Thomas M ethodist Church in Zimbabwe and ety (CM S) in one country (Kenya). recent prime mini ste r of his country, chronicles hi s long strugg le with th e w hi te racist regi me of Rh od esia, now Zimba bwe . As readers follow th e flow of events, the conferences and num er­ ous cons ulta tions, th ey are aw are th at th ey are getti ng the perspective of only one participant in th e struggle. One need s to go elsewhere for other in ter­ pretat ion s. However, th e bish op has COMMUNICATION given a straigh t-forward, hon est ac­ count of his own pilgrimage. WORKERS: Do your The style is simple and engaging . One fee ls keenly the poverty, th e in­ pictures communicate? jus tice, the su ffe ring of indign ities, th e cruelty, the frustratio ns of po werless­ ness, and the anguish of difficult de ­ cisions. There are "'moments th at are touchin g, but the author does not play on th e emot ion s. The rea der rejoices as victo ries are achieved and progress toward liberation is mad e. The incredible blindness and . ~ obstina ncy of th e Ian Smith govern ­ ment, the infighting of competing na­ tion alist leaders, th e interference and some times intrigue of lead ers in neigh ­ boring countri es, the attempts of Brit ­ UNDERSTANDING PICTURES ain and the Un ited" Sta tes to "solve" the issues, including pr essures, foot IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA draggin g, proposals of various kinds, by Bruce L. Cook, Ph.D. the ma ny conferences, etc., are all a part of th e sto ry . In the 1978 agree­ A new monograph that describes what pictures ment, ma de in Salisbury be tween Smith and the blacks led by communicate to people with limited pictorial experience. Muzorewa, Smith fina lly conce ded th e • A step-by-step account of research conducted by key issue: one man- on e vote . A plan for an " interim govern me nt" looking Dr. Cook in Papua New Guinea toward full black auto nomy, called the • Summary of research interview with measures of " In tern al Settlement," was set in mo­ picture understanding tion . The blacks, however, had to make • Copies of stimulus pictures used in the research concessions, whic h in th e view of • Some rules ofthumb, based on the findings ,to help man y compro mised Muzorewa's posi­ tion . The agreements are included in improve your use of pictures th e appendix. • A list of up-to-date guidelines for conducting research projects of your own This is the first monograph in a new series for media workers. Paperback, 114 pages, regularly $8.95. William M . Pickard. Jr. is Chairman of the SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER: $6 to readers of the Religion and Philosophy Department, H unting­ Intern ational Bulletin of Missionary Research ton College, M ontgomery, A labama. From ]954 to ]9 70 he served as a missionary of the United Methodist Chu rch in the Philip­ t~ David C. Cook Foundation, Cook Square, Elgin, IL 60120 pines, working in the pastorate, in general evan­ gelism, and as professor at Union Theological Seminary near Manila.

40 Int ernation al Bulletin of Missionary Research Rise Up and Walk wa s published victory of Mugabe over Muzorewa at However, in cha racter, in abil ity , in in Jun e 1978. Subsequent events have the polls. generos ity of spirit, in commitment, seen (1) Mu zorewa elected by over ­ Why did Muzorewa fall? In Rise and in sheer ten acity, Muzorewa has wh elm ing majority as th e first black Up and W alk, Muzorewa chronicles em erged as one of the top leaders of prime minis ter under th e interim gov­ clearly and carefully that no agreement Afri can liberat ion . He is on e who has ernment; (2) the rejection of thi s gov­ with th e wily Ian Smith could be taken truly " risen up and wa lked." ernm ent by th e Patriot ic Front, Britain, at face value or trusted . But in th e fina l The book has a useful appendix, the United States, and others; (3) con ­ analysis Muzorewa did strike a bargain which outlines impo rtant events in tinued guerrilla warfare; (4) a new con­ with Smith , and becam e identifie d Zimbabwean histor y fro m 1890 to June ference in London involving all major with him. He thus became a vict im, 1978 and inclu des other valua ble his­ parties; (5) a plan for a cease-fire and not of th e tropical jungle fighting, but torical doc uments. new elections; (6) the ove rwhelm ing of th e concrete jungle war in Salisbury. -William M . Pickard, Jr.

Ecumenism in India. Essays in Ch andran , Sam Amirtham , and T. V. of th e book. At Bangalore, Pannenberg Honour of The Rev. M. A. Phil ip, offers substantive commentary was apparently part of an atte mpt to Thomas. on an area in which Ind ian Christianity have parti cipants sign a statement de­ has been notably in th e vangua rd. fending th e North American system of The n fin ally the reactions of M . M . power and values against th e criticism Edited by Mathai Zachariah. Delhi: Thom as and Lucas Vischer to th e of Robert McAf ee Brown and others. I.S.P.C.K., 1980. Pp. viii, 139. Rs. Bangalore Faith and Order meeting are M . M . Tho mas's critique is measured 25 .00; $6.00. full of interest. M . M . Thomas's anal­ and makes good reading. ysis of Wolfhart Pannenberg's view of - George Peck It is now almost expected th at a re­ the meeting is one of th e highlights viewer will react negatively to a Fest­ schrift. But I am going to break that habit . This volume has several virtues. It is brief (the longest contributions run "A Time to Seek . . . A Time to Keep" to only fifteen pages), it has th ematic Ecclesiastes 3:6 un ity, the authors are capable and dis­ You have sought- and discovered- valuable tinguished, and several of the chapters insights in the INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF will merit careful study in th e future. MISSIONARY RESEARCH. Keep every issue The book has five sections of un­ for future reference. One sturdy slipcase protects equal length. In order, their subject a three years' collection of the INTERNATIONAL matt er is roughly as follows: Ch rist and BULLETIN. No space wasted. No clutte r. India's religio ns; the Indi an response to ecumen ism; church un ity in Ind ia; Each slipcase spine is identi­ reflections on the Bangalore meeting fied with embossed gold of th e Faith and Order Commission ; lettering. and the life and minist ry of To order, use Madathethu Ab rah am Th omas, whom coupon below. th e volume honors. The role and sig­ nificance of th e Indi an churches in man y facets of ecum enism is beyond que stion, and it is an appropriate trib ­ ute to one of th eir major leaders th at thi s kind of attention should have been given to the issues involved. I have space here only for a few comments on ind ividu al articles. Father George Soraes-P rabhu ha s written a International Bulletin Pr ices: $5.95 each; three for $17.00; six for very useful study entitled "Jesus Christ of Missionary $30.00. Research Orders outside U.S. add $2.50 per slipcase amid the Religions and Ideologies of for postage and handl ing. Payment must ac­ India Today. " The inclusion of ideo­ MAIL TO: company order. Allow 5 weeks for delivery logical movements is especially valu­ Jesse Jones Box Corp. within the U.S. able, and his observations about such P.O. Bo x 5120 matte rs as th e fate of Gandhian Philadelphia , PA 1914 1 I enclose $, fo r slipcase(s). saroodaya in con temporary India are il­ lum inating. The section on church Name _ un ity in Ind ia, with pieces by Russell Add ress _

George Peck is and Judson Professor of City _ Christian Thought and International M ission at A ndover Newton Theological School. N ewton State Zip _ Centre, M assachusetts. An Australian, he served as a missionary on the faculty of Eastern Theological College, [arhat, A ssam, India, from Co untry _ 1958 to 1963.

Janu ary, 1982 41 Living More Simply. Biblical ical activity, so that the little people Principles and Practical Models. of the earth can discern our solidarity with them, then how much longer can Edited by Ronald j. Sider. Downers Grove, we preach Christ with integrity?" Ill.: InterVarsify Press, 1980. Pp. 206. Biblical foundations for living Paperback, $4.95. more simply were dealt with. Frank Gaebelein, headmaster emeritus of Liv ing More Simply contains papers Five key papers were read. Wil­ Stonybrook School, reviewed the Old read at a consultation to "explore the liam Pannell, assistant professor of Testament teachings, and Peter Davids, implications of the Lausanne Cov­ evangelism at Fuller Theological Sem­ assistant professor of biblical studies enant's call for a simple lifestyle." inary, opened the conference with "a at Episcopal School, reviewed About one hundred "evangelicals" met call to a simpler lifestyle." He raises New Testament concepts. One re­ at Ventnor, New Jersey, at the Over­ the disturbing question: "If as Ameri­ minder from Davids was : "A bibl ical seas Ministries Study Center, April 25­ can evangelicals we have not found a lifestyle will neces sarily recognize itself 29,1979. way to translate our theology into eth­ as being in opposition to the prevailing values and lifestyle of its culture." Gladys Hunt, lecturer and author, associated with InterVarsity, brought a practical paper on " ....._Jhe Church and the Poor.--. and a Simpler Lifestyle." The practical issues raised by Hunt are important. A three-volume set on "The Church and the Many of the points seemed to speak Poor" prepared by the Commission on the past the subject rather than directly at Churches' Participation in Development (World it. With her conclusion there can be no argument: "Our obsession with the Council of Churches). material world can paralyze our best interests." The concluding chapter of the book is the fifth paper, written by George Monsma, professor of econom­ ics at Calvin College. The section on "Influences of International Institu­ tions and Lifestyles" and these influ­ ences on "Lifestyles within Low In­ come Countries" are among the more valuable parts of this volume of papers. A series of testimonials, presenting specific models of simple lifestyle were given each morning. The thirty-nine "Important materials for all of us in the affluent middle­ suggestions of "space and share" pre­ class sector of the Church." sented by the Mennonite Central Com­ -Mennonite Publishing House Evaluation mittee are particularly helpful. Ronald Sider, editor of these pa­ "Documentation, charts, and a stunning amount of pers and the leader of this consultation, bibliographical data ...even the most skeptical will find teaches theology at Eastern Baptist a convincing case presented."- Theological Seminary. He also was the Th e Ecumen ical Review convenor of the unit on Ethics in So­ "Suitable for advanced undergraduate level and ciety of the Theological Commission above."- Choice of the World Evangelical Fellowship, which was a part of an international "Some thoughtful lessons for contemporary church consultation on simple lifestyle in Lon­ don in March 1980. These papers were policy ."- The Bible Today a part of the preparation for the in­ "A bold effort at an interdisciplinary approach using ternational study. -Virgil A. Ol son anthropology, history, 'sociology, and theology." -Social Action

Julio DeSanta Ana, Edito r Virgil A . Olson is Secretary, Board of W orld GOOD NEWS TO THE POOR 124pp $4.95paper Missions. Baptist General Conference. Evans­ ton, Illinois. Previously he taught church his­ TOWARDS A CHURCH OF THE POOR 236pp $8.95paper tory and mission at Bethel Theological Sem­ inary. St. Paul. Minnesota. and servedas vice SEPARATION WITHOUT HOPE 192pp $8.95paper president and academic dean of Bethel College, ~ St. Paul. Minnesota. QW MaryknollORBIS BOOKS. NY 105 45 ...I

42 International Bulletin of Missionary Research A Christian Approach to Mus­ derstanding of law (Shariah) and the lims: Reflections from West Af­ Christian understanding of grace rica. (Christ). A Christian needs to know the By James P. Dretke. Pasadena, ca«. mind-set and the religious lifestyle of William Carey Library, 1979. Pp. xviii, a Muslim for effective communication. 261. Paperback $3.95. Dretke indicates that the Muslim forms of prayer, , and pilgrimage, as well as Muslim belief in prophets and How does a Christian meet a Muslim? who live in an urban neighborhood in sacred Scriptures, are points of contact What does a Christian need to know Ghana, West Africa. Both Christian for the Christian approach. In fact, about a Muslim? What does a Chris­ and Muslim characters portray a di­ Dretke surmises that if numbers of tian invite a Muslim to? Is it belief? versity of religious beliefs and prac­ Muslims enter the church, it could Is it faith? Is it community? Is it life­ tices, and represent a wide spectrum change the day of worship from Sun­ style? What are the tensions in the en­ from religious to nominal day to Friday; fasting might be taken counter between Muslims and Chris­ religious affiliation. Prejudices and ste­ tians, and how does one deal with reotyping are aired intermittently be­ seriously; and a new emphasis upon them? These are the kinds of questions tween Christians and Muslims. Rela­ regular times of prayer might occur. Dretke addresses as he relates to Mus­ tionships over time are seen to change This book poses questions and lims in West Africa. He is general ad­ as interaction is taken seriously in ev­ posits orientations in Christian-Mus­ visor of the Islam-in-Africa Project, eryday-life situations. Dretke attempts lim communication that are universal headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya. He to demonstrate that when Christians in scope. Resources of biblical data and worked with the Evangelical Lutheran and Muslims take each other seriously theological reflections are presented as Church in Nigeria and Ghana from has the most favored op­ Christians and Muslims encounter one 1957 to 1977. portunity for acceptance among Mus­ another in everyday life. This Christian Dretke uses a format of fictitious lims. approach to Muslims may be a primer characters, both Christian and Muslim, A Christian meets a Muslim by for other encounters in neighborhoods being an initiating neighbor in dialogue around the globe. and discipleship. One listens to and -George W. Braswell, Jr. George W Braswell, [r., Professor of Missions learns from his Muslim neighbor while and World Religions, Southeastern Baptist at the same time one shares the Chris­ Theological Seminary, Wake Forest, North tian experience and lifestyle. Dretke Carolina, was a Southern Baptist missionary points out that the greatest similarity to Iran (1967-74), where he served as a pro­between the two is the belief in and fessor in the University of Teheran Faculty worship of one and the same God; the URBAN EVANGELISM: of Islamic Theology. main dissimilarity is the Muslim un­ KeytoWorld Mission Join missionaries and urban specialists for a two-week seminar The Church Struggle in South Africa. sponsored by Latin America Mission, World Vision, and Overseas Ministries Study Center, at OMSC, Ventnor, By John W de Gruchy. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., New Jersey. 1979. Pp. xo, 267. Paperback $7.95. APRIL 19-23, 26-30,1982 Featured Lecturers Virtually everyone today is aware of maintenance of Afrikaner iden­ Roger Greenway, Associate Professor of the dramatic racial conflict in South tity in an extremely hostile Missions-elect, Westminster Theological Africa, but few understand its roots world. The Black church has Seminary. in current dimensions. This book suc­ identified themselves more and Howard A. Snyder, Chicago urban minister, ceeds admirably in its intended pur­ more with the cause of Black lib­ authorand teacher. pose, which is to describe the historical eration and the hard fact must Raymond J. Bakke, Professor of Urban background, current dynamics, and po­ be faced that the cause of Black Ministries, Northern BaptistSeminary. tential Christian answers to the prob­ liberation and the cause of JtViliiam E. Pannell, Associate Professor of lems that exist. But it is much more Afrikaner survival are often in­ Evangelism, FullerTheological Seminary. than just a case history of the South compatible. First Week: focus on Third World context. African unrest, because it contains Second Week: focus on North American some serious lessons for the church in This, in a nutshell, describes what this context. Attend one week or both. Special the entire world. reviewer was able to observe firsthand guest lecturers: Arnold Rumph, Christian Alan Paton, in a remarkable Fore­ during 1979 in a visit to South Africa, Reformed Church missionary in Latin America; Ray Rivera, National Secretary word, identifies the problem in South which encompassed virtually all strata for Hispanic Ministries, Reformed Church Africa in this way: of society and considerable interaction in America. with leaders on both sides. The prob­ The Afrikaner Church identify lem potentially is one of serious con­ Registration $25 per week; includes study materials. Room and meals additional. themselves very closely with the frontation. For application and more information on It is easy to condemn both sides Urban Evangelism, write: in this conflict unless one understands ,...... , Gerald H. Anderson/Director James F. Engel is Chairman, Department of Com­the roots. The author shows that much ~~I.l. NormanA. Horner, Assoc. Director municaiions, Wheaton Graduate School, Wheaton, of the cause goes back to a conference ~.III Box 2057, Ventnor, NJ 08406 Illinois. of the Dutch Reformed Church in 1857

January,1982 43 at which time the homogeneous unit other case of what can happen when pered. This has led to severe conflict approach to indigenous mission efforts the Bible is used as justification for between churches themselves. What was adopted. The motivation at that strongly nationalistic and secular ten­ has happened here in the Dutch Re­ time was, of course, admirable, but the dencies. Isn't there some parallel pres­ formed Church is a distortion of its net effect was that this strategy, com­ ently in the West, where evangelism role, leading to a practice of avoiding bined with a complex set of social fac­ and middle-class American values are the secular and spiritual. This very tors, gave rise to the separation of virtually seen as being one? Here, then, same tendency is seen in evangelical­ races. This reviewer cannot help won­ is another serious lesson for the West­ ism elsewhere in the world, which dering if this is not a real danger in ern world. seems all too often to embrace similar the homogeneous unit principle, which There is still a third area in which tendencies. seems so attractive on paper but is so a principle emerges that needs to be This reviewer likes to dream that far from the biblical norm in its sep­ heeded by the church worldwide. The Afrikaner theologians and others in the aration of people. Here is the first South African Afrikaner government camp of maintaining the status quo warning for the church in the remain­ claims to have its roots in the Word will read de Gruchy's book. I doubt der of the world. of God, especially in that it is an ex­ that they will do so, because it will Another root cause of the dilemma pression of common grace. The Dutch make their position altogether unten­ is the extent to which Afrikaner na­ Reformed Church sees its role as ex­ able and decidedly uncomfortable. De tionalism and Christianity merged into pressing itself only in the spiritual Gruchy has served as a true prophet one world-view, which embodied a realm. Therefore, it has not had a for today, and his analysis may provide theology of racial separation. Today strong theological perspective from the kind of rational thinking upon many in the Afrikaner camp point to which to enter into a severe attack on which solutions can emerge. biblical justification for the policy of unjust and unfair governmental prac­ -James F. Engel apartheid. Obviously this is a serious tice. The English-speaking church, on distortion of Scripture, but here is an­ the other hand, has not been so ham­

Dissertation Notices from South African Universities, 1970~1980

1970 Odendaal, AndriesA. Revneke, Jacobus L. "Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde "Towery by die Tswana met , Ockeri C. O. Sending in die Oranje-Vrystaat, Besondere Verwysing na die Kgatla­ "Die Godsdienstige Begrip en 1842-1910." Bagakgafela." Uitlewing in 'n D.Th. Univ. of the Orange Free State, DiPhil. Univ. of Pretoria. Tswanagemeenskap." Bloemfontein. D. Phil. Poichefstroom Univ. Rooy, Jacobus Alberius van. Westhuizen, Hendrik G. van der. "Language and Culture in the Kotze, C. S. "Die Aanvanklike Houding van die Communication of the Christian "Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk ten Message as Illustrated by the Venda Kerk in Suid-Afrika en die opsigte van Sending, Histories­ Bible." Ekumeniese Beweging 1780-1910: 'n Krities nagegaan." Th.D. Poichefstroom Univ.. Kerkhistoriese Oorsig van D.D. Univ. of Pretoria. Interkerklike Kontak en Onderlinge Strassberger, Elfriede Julie Clare. Onderhandelinge." " in South Africa, 1936­ D. Th. Univ. of Stellenbosch. 1971 1960, with Special Reference to the Mission of the Church." Lekhela, E. P. Els, Petrus! ! S. D.Th. Univ. of Stellenbosch. "The Origin, Development and Role "Kerkplanting by die Suid­ of Missionary Teacher-Training Afrikaanse Sendinggenootskap: 'n Veysie, Donald Clifford. Institutions for the Africans of the Sendingwetenskaplike Ondersoek na "The Wesleyan Methodist Church in North-Western Cape: an Historical­ Gemeentevorming in die Suid­ the Transvaal 1823-1902." Critical Survey of ·the Period 1850­ Afrikaanse Gestig." Ph.D. Rhodes Univ., Grahamsioum. 1954." D.Th. Univ. of Siellenbosch. D.Ed. Univ. of South Africa, Pretoria. Pretorius, Jan Gabriel. 1972 "The British Humanitarians and the Cape Eastern Frontier 1834-1836." Naudi,! A. Ph.D. Univ. of the Witwatersrand, "The Name Allah." Johannesburg. D. Lift. Univ. of Pretoria.

44 International Bulletin of Missionary Research