MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE

July-September, 1936

CONTENTS

OREGON : a symposium with 27 illustrations

The New Oregon Trail: a Symposium JOHN C. BURTNER MARGARET SULLIVAN FRANK M. BYAM JOHN F. DURR J. CHRISTOPHER O'DAY and others

John Bull Through Chinese Eyes DR. LIN YU- TANG

The Los Angeles Museum With LI illustrations , DR. WILLIAM ALANSON BRYAN, Director, Los Angeles Museum

Penguin Politics Keyed to Cooperation THOMAS R. HENRY

Pearling Is Thirsty Business `,A/ th illustration

Fishes of the American Northwest LEONARD P. SCHULTZ and ALLAN C DELACY

Published for the PAN-PACIFIC UNION, 1067 Alakea Street HONOLULU, HAWAII All members at Me Fan-Pacific Union receive this magazine os one the privileges of meniberThio.

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C1' 1111 1'1° ;c11■ 1'1111 11,111 (1,, The Mid-Pacific Magazine of th e PAN-PACIFIC UNION GEORGE MELLEN, Editor Published quarterly by Alexander Hume Ford for the Pan-Pacific Union, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Post Office under Act of Mar. 3, 1879. All members of the Pan-Pacific Union receive the magazine as one of the privi- leges of membership. Single copies 50 cents, mailed to any address in the world. [From the Honolulu Star-Bulletin press.] VOL. XLIX JULY-SEPTEMBER NUMBER 3

The New Oregon Trail A Symposium

Oh, Susanna; don't you cry for me! I'm going off to Oregon with my banjo on my knee.

How Oregon Became American

REGON—a word of magic; the coast, named the land New Albion the name of a new land of op- and claimed it for Queen Elizabeth of portunity, of hope, of happi- England. Spain's De Fuca in 1592, Se- ness. Those who had seen the bastian Vizcaino and Martin Aguilar in fabled country returned with 1603, and Admiral Fonte in 1640, sailed wondrous tales of fertile valleys, vast up the coast and mapped the country sweeps of forests, kindly climate, rivers to the 55th parallel but made no attempt and lakes fed by mountain snows, game to explore the hinterland nor establish and fish enough for easy sustenance. colonies. Then fearing that either Eng- The confirmation of these stories started land or Russia might beat them to it, the covered wagons rumbling on to Spain sent Juan Perez in 1774 and Oregon. Bruno Heceta in 1775 to sail up and Spain might be the owner of Wash- down the entire Oregon coast. Heceta ington, Oregon and California today took possession of all land up to the and Spanish the official language had 54th parallel for Spain, but did no more the early Spanish navigator, Bartolome than Drake had done nearly 200 years Ferrelo, been more perspicacious when before. he sailed up the Pacific coast in 1543. Captain James Cook was looking for He had his eyes open for a land that the northwest passage in 1778 when he looked more like quick riches than the discovered the Columbia River and uninhabited stretch of country he could sailed 80 miles upstream before he be- see—no palaces, no gold. His reports came convinced that the river would not inspired no exploratory parties from take him into the Atlantic Ocean. Spain, at that time engrossed in the After the Revolutionary War, the profitable Far East trade. American merchant marine extended its In 1579, Sir Francis Drake discovered field of operations everywhere, even up 1 64 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

On the old Oregon Trail, the first explorers, Highway Commission. Wallowa Lake (op- troppers and pioneer settlers passed the posite page), in the Switzerland of Amer- Wallowa Mountains of northeastern Oregon, ica, favorite spot of Joseph, chief of the now a magnificent recreational area. One Nez Perces. The hereditary home of the of the young campers deems it suitable to tribe lay in the Valley-of-Winding-Waters, apply a touch of make-up before facing this with its shining lakes and lofty peaks. Re- view of Eagle Cap peak, with Moccasin Lake luctantly they gave it up when the white in the foreground. Photo from Oregon State man forced them to move. Ager photo. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 165 the Pacific Coast to buy fur from Indian his new acquisitions. Congress appro- trappers and sell it in China. New Eng- priated $2500 for the purpose and never land merchants sent Captain Robert was money better spent, for it gave the Gray, with sea letters from George United States a strong claim to the new Washington, to explore the region. territory. In 1806, the party returned Gray sailed up the Columbia River, in with a glowing story of the magnificent 1792, named it after his ship, and claim- country they had explored. ed all the territory drained by it for the However rosy the prospects in Ore- United States. gon, the trek to the new country did not The next year the North West Com- begin immediately. First of all, there pany, British fur traders, explored the was the vast Mississippi-Missouri Val- land; by 1808 had several trading posts ley to be settled. Meanwhile, John in Canada, and in 1811 built a few Jacob Astor, intent on obtaining the fur south of the 49th parallel, the present trade, organized the Pacific Fur Trade boundary line between Canada and the Company and sent the sailing ship Ton- United States. quin around the Horn. The ship reach- When France sold Louisiana to the ed the Columbia River in 1811, and the United States, she very generously in- crew erected a log fort on the present cluded in the purchase the Oregon Ter- site of Astoria. During the War of ritory to which she lay claim by virtue 1812, the fort was sold to the North of the voyages of French navigator West Company who named it Fort Laperouse, 1786. Thomas Jefferson lost George. It was not until 1818, after no time in sending out a party of ex- prolonged argument between Great plorers under Captains Meriwether Britain and the United States that a Lewis and William Clark to explore treaty of joint occupation was made REET I NG: On behalf of the peo- ple of Oregon, I extend greet- G ings to all the readers of The Mid-Pacific Magazine and in- vite you to visit our state. Oregon has a definite and vital interest in Pacific affairs, in the commerce between countries touched by the Pacific, in the entire social and economic struc- ture of this section of the world. It is interested in the problems of its neigh- bors, and always welcomes opportunity to know them more intimately. Like- wise it is concerned in any move among the nations and peoples who are made neighbors by the vast Pacific. I appreciate this opportunity to voice my best wishes and greetings to all of you and to invite you to visit our state where our people may extend the hand of fellowship and goodwill to you. CHARLES H. MARTIN, Governor of Oregon.

CHARLES H. MARTIN Governor of Oregon

between the two countries and the Rev. Jason Lee and his brother, Daniel, American flag once more raised over the and others who established the Oregon fort. The treaty was renewed in 1927. Manual Labor School in the Willamette In 1819, Spain ceded her somewhat valley near the present site of Salem, nebulous rights to the United States, and taught little Indian children the probably for good measure with the word of God. Others joined them and Florida Purchase. In 1824, Russia in 1840, there were 52 adults and 20 agreed to stay north of 54° 40', which children. In 1847, the mission dis- left only the United States and Great banded, but the missionary families Britain in the disputed territory. were so enamored of the place that they Hudson's Bay Company, great fur remained as settlers. traders of Canada, absorbed the North In the annual trip of 1836, the Ameri- West Company in 1821 and laid down can Fur Company escorted a company a policy of discouraging colonization. of Presbyterian workers, headed by Dr. They sent Dr. John McLoughlin to rule Marcus Whitman, 2300 miles from the company's properties and so well Missouri, to start a mission among the did he perform his duties that he was Indians of eastern Oregon. In 1837, 20 called The Father of Oregon. He after- more missionaries arrived to help make wards became an American citizen. Christians of the Indians and establish From 1834 to 1844, little groups of civilization in the Far West. It is easy sturdy men and courageous women to understand why schools started plodded and fought their way across springing up in the clearings hewn out the prairies, deserts and wilderness to of the mighty forests. Today, there are the Oregon country. First of them were few states with a better educational MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 167

Typical scene in the Cascade Mountains is this view of Summit Lake, with Diamond Peak in the background. Many of the lakes in this region have been stocked with Rainbow and Eastern Brook trout. Sawyer photo. system than Oregon; few, indeed, where into a new world. They carried the such a large percentage of children go prized possessions that had been part through high school and complete col- of their homes, perhaps the belongings lege and university courses. of a Pilgrim or Cavalier who, like them- On the heels of the missionaries be- selves, had left home and security be- gan the great trek over the Oregon hind to conquer an unknown land. And Trail, with a trickle of 50 immigrants from nearly every wagon there swung in 1840. Ox-carts and covered wagons a plow. Somewhere among the equip- were loaded with things which were age inside, were packages of seeds: necessities for a people, who, like an corn, wheat, peas; even tiny trees care- army, cut themselves off from the base fully tended along the way, some of of supplies in their 2000-mile journey which still bloom with every spring. 168 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

Good roads lead to all interesting places in Oregon. The McKenzie River Highway, from Eugene in the Willa- mette Valley, passes through green forests, such as this, climbs the lava beds of the Cascades and down the other side to Bend in Deschutes Valley.—Sawyer photo. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 169

Hunger, thirst, a hundred untold pri- ties. With the increase of population, vations these brave men and women came the necessity for law and order. suffered on the way. Savages lurked A provisional government was formed along their trail and many an immigrant at Champoeg, 1843, under the Ameri- and his family perished from tomahawk can flag by a margin of two votes. A or arrow. Sickness and disease took monument marks the spot on the Wil- toll. All along the torturous trail lie lamette River about 30 miles south of graves, unmarked for the most part Portland. since those who lived on sought to pre- But the settlers could not be certain vent the marauding Indian from un- that they were Americans settlers on earthing the remains of dear ones. American territory until the question of There were other brave folk who sovereignty was settled once and for all. came by ship on long perilous voyages Disputes were heard everywhere. The around the Horn or via the Isthmus of national Democratic Convention adopt- Panama. ed the belligerent slogan, "Fifty-four, On arrival, the troubles of the pioneer forty, or fight!" Events seemed to be were not at end. He was much on his leading to war. own. By the toil of his hands he built In the midst of the heated contro- his home, hewed out his fields and versy, the United States and Great garden from the timber, raised food Britain met in 1846 and fixed the 49th products to supplant the diet that wild parallel as the Canadian border. The game afforded. Indians, jealous of the Territory of Oregon was formally or- white man's inroads on his domain, ganized, March 3, 1849. Abraham Lin- went on the war path. Many settlers coln was invited to become governor had to lay aside the plow and take up but declined because Mrs. Lincoln did the rifle in volunteer military companies, not want to go West. Fate had chosen which, either acting alone or with him for greater tasks. Oregon state United States troops, eventually with its present boundaries was admit- brought peace and safety. ted into the Union in 1859 as the thirty- Once the trek began, it gathered mo- third state. mentum quickly. In 1841, 90 immigrants The coming of the Northern Pacific arrived; yet in the whole of Oregon and Great Northern railways in 1910 Territory there were only 240 whites. heralded the modern On-to-Oregon In 1832, 900 immigrants arrived; in movement with an in-rush of people 1844, 1400; and in 1845, 3000. and industries that is rapidly building The new country grew. Trails be- up a great state on the shores of the came wagon roads between communi- Pacific.

Oregon Vacation Trails

ATURE gave Oregon fertile val- mountains, down treacherous river gor- leys, great mountains, snow-cap- ges, through hostile Indian country. Out N ped peaks, vast forests, rivers of the wilderness, the pioneer hewed and lakes of all sizes, and the his home. At his very doorstep he Pacific Ocean to lap her shores. She caught the trout and the salmon that filled her woods with game, her streams fill the streams of Oregon. In the woods with fish. Over it all, she wafted a around the clearing, he shot his needs climate so benign both summer and in deer, quail, grouse, pheasants and winter that it seemed like paradise to other game. the early settlers. Today, through scientific conserva- This was the paradise Lewis and tion and propagation, Oregon's streams Clark described on their return from hold as many fish, if not more, and in their exploratory trip. This was the greater variety, than the pioneer him- paradise which started covered wagons self found. rolling westward across the plains, over The Great Range, which parallels 170 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 the Pacific Ocean, and runs from 20 to many big trout that have come in from 35 miles from the sea, sends countless the ocean. streams, many of them fairly large Streams on the east side are more rivers, into the ocean. In them lurk turbulent. Both Rainbow and Cutthroat fighting Cutthroat trout ready to give trout are found in these streams. The the angler battle. Many of them weigh McKenzie Rainbow or Redside, from up to two pounds; most of them meas- two to five pounds, that rises in icy cold ure from nine to twelve inches long. waters tests the ability of the best In the spring and fall, the Cutthroats angler. Fishing from boats is the most that live in the sea come up to spawn. satisfactory maneuver in the Willamette Canned salmon eggs lure the largest itself. In its upper reaches, where boats fish in the greatest numbers, especially are prohibited, bank work almost al- in the tidal areas. The lowly worm, for ways yields fine fish. those anglers who do not disdain its Thousands of salmon are caught use, gives satisfactory results. For trol- every year on the Willamette between ling or casting, single or double-bladed Portland and Oregon City, 15 miles spinners, baited with salmon eggs, south. A Portland business man can worms, or crawfish tail trailing on a walk out from his office and in 20 min- hook six inches or so behind, bring in utes be on the fishing grounds. the big ones. Turbulent, eddying, surging Des- Magnificent fighter of the coastal chutes River, which flows upward into streams is the Steelhead trout, which the Columbia from the middle of Ore- is structurally the same fish as the Rain- gon is one of the most famous trout bow. If Rainbow spawn are released in streams in America. It is distinctly a coastal streams, they come back from fly stream, the answer to a fly caster's sea as Steelhead. But if Steelhead prayer. The Deschutes and two of its spawn are released in any of Oregon's tributaries, Metolius and Crooked Riv- primarily Rainbow streams, they grow ers, harbor stream Rainbows that an- up as Rainbows. Steelheads average glers go far to catch, from April to seven to eight pounds, the largest from about July 4 and September and 15 to 20 pounds. They are as large as October. salmon, strike both spinner and bait. Eastward is the Wallowa region near Fresh salmon eggs in clusters are used the Idaho border, in the lakes and in- as bait. Unlike salmon, Steelheads do numerable creeks, anglers find excellent not die after spawning but return to the fishing. sea and come back again, bigger and The Cascade Mountains make a high stronger. wall from north to south. There are 200 In the spring, great Chinook salmon, lakes on their slopes, some of them and in the fall, Chinooks and Silver- nestling high in the rugged ramparts sides ascend the coastal streams, and of rock, with snow melting at their each season there is at least a month of edges even in summer, and trout, many good fishing. Rainbows and Eastern Brooks, lurking The Willamette River drains the land in their blue depths. Rainbows have been between the Coast Range and the Cas- taken from Diamond Lake that weighed cade Range. The main river itself in 26 pounds. Eastern Brooks weigh as its lower sections is not an attractive much as six pounds. trout stream, but its upper reaches and At Bonneville, the state fish hatch- forks in the vicinity of Eugene and ery, largest in the world, carefully tends southward are favorites of many an- and releases ten to twenty million Chi- glers. Tributaries on both sides of the nook and Sockeye salmon spawn every river are among the finest trout streams year. The total output for the 17 state in the West. hatcheries is about 85,000,000. Salmon Cutthroats are found in the west side come upstream to spawn at about four feeder streams, most of which are slug- years of age, both male and female gish, flowing through long flat stretches. dying after spawning, from cuts and In early spring and mid-fall, after rains bruises received in surmounting the ob- when the water is somewhat murky, sal- stacles in the small streams and lack of mon eggs in deep quiet holes bring out food, as they do not eat in fresh water. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 171

Two fishermen who have been out beyond the breakers come in with their catch. Sea bass, ling cod, perch, flounders can be caught along the Oregon coast. No license is requir- ed to fish in the oceon.—Atkeson photo.

Annual fishing permits cost $3. Vis- necessitated marring of the landscape, itors can get the annual permit, or a natural beauty is restored by planting two-day permit for $1. and other operations. State laws pro- An annual hunting license costs $15. hibit picking of wild flowers and de- Columbian blacktail deer, Mule deer, struction of shrubbery growing along Chinese pheasant, duck, goose, bear and the highways. Timber tracts along cougar are still plentiful. Deer, in fact, highways have been kept from the axe are increasing in number. Unique is and saw wherever possible. The Oregon Coast Highway ( U. S. the large area set aside in Grant county No. 101) takes one 400 miles along the where the bow and arrow are the only Oregon coast, every mile of which has hunting implements permitted. its own charm. Broad sweeps of sandy Oregon's $200,000,000 network of beach, level as a floor, where the break- paved and macadamized highways ers murmur peacefully and where the makes motoring pleasant and all places water deepens gradually, are delightful of interest easily accessible. The Oregon for swimming. These alternate with State Highway Commission maintains a landscaping division which strives not rocky ramparts where the mountains only to preserve the natural beauty of come down to sea to defy the waves. the roadside but also to improve it by Horseback riding, clam digging, collect- judicious trimming of trees where they ing agates, surf and deep-sea fishing, are so thick as to obscure some charm- boating in the bays or watching the ing vista. Where construction work has playful sea lions near Florence—these 172 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

Eventide along a quiet trout stream. --Photo-Art photo. Opposite page, up- per North Silver Creek falls, near Silverton, a likely spot for fishing.— Crabtree photo. and other forms of recreation are in- indescribably blue, six miles in diameter, dulged in every day in the year. 2000 feet deep. During the day, the It is a memorable experience to drive reflections and the coloring change through miles of rhododendrons bloom- hourly. As the sun sets, the sky, land ing in their full glory or through can- and water take on hues and shades of yons of blazing, fragrant Scotch-broom. color that defy the artist to depict in Along the coast, too, are numerous lakes his most gorgeous pigments. with resorts, and boating facilities for From Astoria at the mouth of the the trout or bass fishermen. Columbia, the Columbia River High- The Willamette valley, spread be- way, a part of U. S. Highway No. 30 tween the Coast and Cascade Mountain which runs across the United States, ranges, is rich, beautiful agricultural follows the river eastward. At Umatilla, country. In spring, summer and fall, 180 miles east of Portland, the highway it is a vast patchwork of orchards, green dips downward, and crosses the Snake and yellowing fields, dairy farms and River into Idaho. The Columbia River pastures. More than half the population to Portland is broad and deep and still. From the highway can be seen ships of Oregon lives in the valley. It is of the seven seas steaming up and down honeycombed with roads, most magnifi- the river. The salmon fishing fleet, saw- cent of which is Pacific Highway ( U. mills and pulp mills give evidence of the S. No. 99) which divides into parallel bustling activity by which Oregon is roads, 99E and 99W, so motorists have increasing its prosperity. a choice of traveling on either the east Motorists drive through roads cut or west side of the Willamette. through solid rock precipices, mile after On the other side of the Cascades mile. A dozen waterfalls enchant the is The Dalles-California Highway ( U. eye, some of them so close their mist S. No. 97 ). From this and Pacific High- cools one's face. From The Dalles way, laterals at seven points make it eastward, the highway follows the Old possible to go across the Cascades or Oregon Trail, through sagebrush and go close to many of the 200 trout- range country endlessly, through wheat stocked lakes, and to Crater Lake Na- fields that disappear over the horizon tional Park. In the crater of a once in the Pendleton region, then over the gigantic volcano, Crater Lake reposes, Blue Mountains. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 173

Much of Oregon is open range where the round-up grounds, and participate the cattle herds and chuck wagons of in daily parades and competitive events. Wild West fiction are every-day reali- After the round-up, they scatter to the ties. At Pendleton each year ( Septem- hills and rivers to pick huckleberries or ber 10, 11, 12 this year) is held the take salmon for the winter. well-known Pendleton Round-Up. Two other events attract visitors Cowboys from all over the Western every year: the Pacific International states and Canada vie with each other Livestock Exposition ( October 3 to 10 in bronco-busting, roping and steer bull- this year) in Portland, and the Oregon dozing exhibitions. Two thousand In- State Fair ( September 7 to 13 this dian braves, squaws and papooses come year ) at Salem, the state capital. with their ponies and all their house- That part of Oregon east of the Cas- hold belongings, set up their tepees on sades is a vast plateau in which one 174 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

Peaceful Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park. Thousands of tourists go to see the Phan- tom Ship, a little rock in a lake of blue. No one knows how deep the lake, the crater of an extinct volcano, really is.—Angelus photo.

could put all the New England states graphs used to illustrate this article with room to spare. It is drier than give one an impression merely of pic- western Oregon and so unlike it in ter- turesque beauty, they do not give a cor- rain and surroundings that after two rect picture. Oregon is a wonderful hours' motoring one easily imagines state in which to live. Living conditions oneself in some land a thousand miles are ideal. Educational facilities, climate, away. In the north are the wheat fields, opportunities for recreation, the intel- sheep and cattle ranches, and a number lectual atmosphere, the feeling of being of "dude" ranches. In the south, range welcome, are all conducive to a pleas- country. There are some paved and ant, civilized existence. Oregon is a macadamized roads that lead one into growing state, and to any one with am- the heart of the country. Where the bition, ability and capital, it offers in- pavement ends, the roads are still pas- numerable opportunities. sable for wagons and automobiles; be- yond that, saddle and trail. The Fed- Portland eral government has established a 160,- I RST 000-acre bird refuge at Malheur Lake to settle in Portland was Etienne Lucier, retired Hudson's where millions of ducks, geese, swans FBay Company servant, who built a and other birds find sanctuary. Hart little log cabin for himself on the Mountain Game Reserve gives refuge to thousands of antelope. Willamette River in 1829. Next was sailorman William Johnson who settled Everywhere in the state, there is rest- down after a career on the bounding less activity—in industry, education, main in 1842. Third, William Overton conservation of natural resources. who laid claim to the Portland claim, a If all the scenes described and photo- part of Portland on the west side of MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 175

Turbulently the Columbia River flows through the land, as a lone Indian gazes at it with no one knows what thoughts. When the salmon runs, Indians gather to net and spear the winter supply as did their ancestors.—Sawyer photos. the Willamette River. He gave to Amos L. Lovejoy of Massachusetts, the next man, one-half of his claim. Overton sold his half interest to Francis W. Pettygrove, a new arrival from Maine, for $200. Today, $200 would not buy enough space to park a car. Pettygrove and Lovejoy decided to christen the land before clearing. Petty- grove wanted to call it Portland; Love- joy held for Boston. They tossed a coin and Pettygrove won. That was only 93 years ago. Today, Portland is a city of 332,000 In the early days of difficult trans- people, one of the great river ports of portation, Portland had the advantage the world, in the same class as Phila- of being at the headwaters of naviga- delphia and New Orleans, the only tion from the sea. It was there that large river port on the Pacific side of trails and, later, roads converged and either North or South America. The ships came in from the ocean. In 1850, city is located on the south bank of the the census showed a population of 821, Columbia River, 100 miles from the sea, 4 of them Negroes. In 1861, there were but the main harbor is on the Willa- 2,874; 1880, 17,578. Opening up of the mette River, just before it joins the rich country made profitable the laying Columbia. It is a transportation hub of of railroads, and the use of more and rails, highways and steamship and air- more fast ships. plane routes.

REETING: The Pan-Pacific Union can do much toward G building up cordial relations among all the peoples on the Pacific, and through this agency we may be able so to extend our com- mercial relations that peace and good will will be inevitable. The great development of the fu- ture will be on the shores of the Pa- cific. Certain it is that in a world torn with misunderstanding, all peoples of the Pacific should unite in a program that will permit us to walk side by side down the avenue of cordiality and in- ternational good will. I can think of no better headquarters for this ac- tivity than in beautiful Hawaii. On behalf of the City of Portland, I extend to THE MID-PACIFIC MAG- AZINE, and all our friends whom it reaches, cordial greetings and best wishes from Portland, the City of Roses. JOSEPH K. CARSON, Jr. JOSEPH K. CARSON, JR. Mayor of Portland Mayor of Portland

The city's geographical location made Hawaiian and Philippine sugar, coffee it an important business center, a ship- from Central and South America, grain ping and receiving station for goods bags and burlap from India, hemp seed to and from the ends of the earth. There from Manchuria, and iron and steel are 549 manufacturing plants, many of from Europe, for a total of $161,329,- them turning out products that are 361. known all over the United States and Busy as the port may seem, there is abroad. Fifty-five steamship lines and room for more shipping. Already $40,- six railroads move more than a quarter- 000,000 have been invested in harbor billion dollars' worth of goods in and and port facilities. Portland has 291/2 out every year. Freight is sent out to miles of waterfront, with berthing space California, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic for 100 ships, 65 acres of cargo space, seaboard states, Hawaii, the West In- four municipal terminals with a muni- dies, Japan, China, the Philippines, cipal grain elevator of two million Europe, Africa and South America. bushel capacity, three private grain ele- Passenger service is maintained to the vators, tanks for liquid cargoes. 1925 Orient. deep-sea vessels entered the port in For many years Portland has been 1935, total net tonnage 5,676,000; 1816 called the lumber capital of the world, cleared with net tonnage, 5,639,427. but lumber' exports of $6,000,000 are Although Portland is already the overshadowed by $13,500,000 worth of principal point of exchange for foreign newsprint paper and $12,000,000 worth merchandise north of San Francisco, its of flour. Other export items: wheat, citizens are confident that the next few $3,000,000; canned fruits and berries, years will increase the city's importance $2,000,000; prunes, $2,200,000; apples, tremendously as a port because of the $2,200,000; pears, $1,360,000, and 50 industries that will be attracted to the other items less important but large area by low-cost energy generated at enough to raise the total to $77,764,137 the great Bonneville Dam. in 1935. Portland enjoys the cool bracing Imports from foreign countries in- summers of northern Maine and the clude Philippine copra, Argentine corn, mild winters of Asheville, North Caro- 178 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 lina. There is enough rainfall to keep private golf courses, a civic stadium the country green and flowering seating 25,000 persons and a public throuhout the summer and fall. Roses auditorium seating 5,500 persons. bloom in profusion from early spring Portland has no block of slums, no until late December. Each June, Port- groups of illiterates. Illiteracy is less land holds the world-famous Rose than 1 in 2000. The central library Festival, a dazzling pageant of fragrant system has 18 branches and 280 other beauty. It draws thousands of visitors distributing points, and lends an aver- to the city every year. The outstand- age of nine books per capita, the second ing feature of the Festival is the grand largest per capita circulation in the floral parade in which beautifully deco- United States. The excellent school rated floats on which millions of blooms system, liberal patronage of the arts, are used, compete for the grand prize. the symphony orchestra, one of the On some floats, as many as 100,000 finest in the world, and the junior sym- blooms are used. phony organization are all good indices Portland is a city of home lovers. of Portland's character. Half of the people live in their own Many of Oregon's beauty spots and homes, with spacious lawns liberally fishing grounds are near Portland. Mt. planted to flowers. There are 56 parks Hood can be reached after a drive of ( 2,292 acres ), 24 supervised play- 11 hours. Trout streams are within a grounds ( 200 acres ), 14 bathing pools, half mile of the city. Within a few all so located that one or more are avail- hours' drive are the world's finest fish- able to every child in the city. There ing streams, mountain forests, ocean are also 2 bathing beaches, 3 municipal beaches. Paved highways lead to pleas- golf courses, 9 public golf courses, 8 ant recreation in all directions.

Oregon Agriculture

DISCUSSION of Oregon's ag- the semi-tropical crops, so mild is the riculture could be devoted entirely climate of the west coastal region. It is A to statistics which would leave this great diversity of crops, arising the reader with no adequate idea from an equal diversity of climate and of the outstanding accomplishments and soil, and the outstanding development abundant possibilities of this industry. of specialty crops, which chiefly char- It has been said that any crop which acterize the state, rather than its total will grow in the north temperate zone production of any one crop or even all can be grown in Oregon, and one can crops. go even farther and include a few of Only a little more than one-fourth

Beautifully decorated floats vie for prizes in the floral parade, the outstanding event of the Portland Rose Fes- tival. —Photo-Art photo. Willamette valley wheat for our daily bread and our morning cereal. Prentiss photo. of Oregon's land area is considered farming, they found it in the great Wil- farm land, and as a great portion of it lamette valley, the Blue Mountain re- is not intensively cultivated, the total gion, or the southern Oregon district. farm production of Oregon is exceeded Those who prefer to control their water by a great many other states. Few supply rather than depend upon nature states, however, can boast of as steady could choose from a number of organ- production of its crops, with such con- ized irrigation projects, or could, as is sistent absence of crop failures. It is being done by hundreds of farmers in no wonder that the state in recent years the supposedly well watered western has become a Mecca for thousands of drouth and flood sufferers from the mid- Oregon region, install their own private West and East. irrigation system. These new settlers have been able to Those who have desired to specialize find practically any type of climate and in tree fruit production have had the other environment they desire. Along choice of three or four outstanding re- the extreme western coast they have gions for this purpose. Hood River, been able to settle in regions where the long famed for its fine apples, is now annual precipitation exceeds 100 inches almost equally a pear-producing region. a year and pasture crops for the sup- The Rogue River valley district in port of dairy herds are the chief de- southern Oregon has a world-wide rep- pendence of the farming population. utation for its winter pears which move Those who prefer the drier prairie type to market by the trainload every year. of farming have been able to find it in The Willamette valley, parts of south- the Columbia River basin east of the Cascades and along the northern border ern Oregon and the northern Umatilla of the state where the bulk of the small region in eastern Oregon are centers of grains are produced. prune and cherry production, while the If they were inclined towards general Grande Ronde valley in northeastern

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Mt. Hood reaches protecting arms around Hood River valley, noted for apples and more re- cently for pears.—Prentiss photo. millions of acres of forest reserve sus- tain large herds of animals on much the same scale as was the case in pioneer Oregon and Wasco county adjoining days. Hood River specialize in cherries, ap- So valuable is this industry to the ples, apricots and peaches. state that important steps have been Among Oregon's outstanding spe- taken recently to preserve it for all time. cialty crops are many of a horticultural This is being made possible through the nature. It produces English walnuts operation of the new Taylor Grazing that are second to none in quality, al- act and other provisions by which it will though California exceeds in quantity. be possible to protect the productivity Filbert production, on the other hand, of the land against improper use. is almost an Oregon monopoly, so far Included in the livestock industry as the United States is concerned. must be mentioned the important dairy Other Oregon monopolies: fiber flax, development which brings an income of bent grass seed, certain flowering bulb more than $30,000,000 a year. For- crops. Ladino clover seed and many of merly an importer of dairy products, the field seeds which have been de- Oregon now exports highest quality veloped to provide crops of high value cheese and butter and processed milk not seriously affected by distance to products. market. Oregon is rapidly becoming the cen- It has frequently been said that grass ter of an important food processing in- is Oregon's most important crop. The dustry, with canneries and freezing reason is that Oregon's animal industry plants providing a steady outlet for brings an income of more than $50,000.- millions of tons of vegetables, small 000 to the state annually, much of it fruits and tree fruits which find their from range livestock. Vast areas of the way to the grocery shelves of the world. public domain in sparsely settled central Steady production of a diversity of and southeastern Oregon, as well as crops with no crop failures assures the Interior of a packing plant where pears are washed, dried, sorted and put in boxes in one con- tinuous operation. Be- low, pears on the tree. —Prentiss photo. food processing industry a long season tural resources are examined from time of operation. to time by the growers themselves with Oregon has pioneered in the develop- the aid of specialists, and the most prof- ment of frozen food products and cre- itable procedure charted for the future. ated a steady increase in demand for As a result of these, a newcomer in the this type of food which may eventually state need never depend on his own absorb the total production of certain judgment or the advice of his neighbors, vegetables and small fruits. but has access to the best recorded in- Oregon State College experiment formation of the past, which he may station and extension service and more apply to the development of his own recently the centralized state depart- farm business. ment of agriculture have led the way As agriculture in almost any part of for agricultural progress. They have the world nowadays is a highly com- been concerned not merely with pro- petitive business, the state, with the as- moting heavy production, but with the sistance of the Federal government, has development of community, county and taken precautions to see that Oregon's regional enterprises which will tend to farmers are supplied with the best ma- promote the largest and steadiest re- turn to the growers. Whole counties have been encour- aged in the development of specialty crops for which they are best suited. An example of this is the growth of the potato industry in Klamath county, for- merly devoted almost entirely to live- stock and hay. By specializing on high quality potatoes, grown under irrigation giving large yields, the county has made its product first in coast and Eastern markets and greatly increased the in- come of the region. The extension service has sponsored a system of periodic county outlook conferences through which the agricul- terials and information with which to and the production of vegetables and guide their business. In addition to the other specialty crops; the Hood River central experiment station located at station, to the solution of the specialized Corvallis, there are now 10 branch sta- problems of the commercial fruit grow- tions scattered throughout the state er; Sherman county's station at Moro where specialized conditions of climate in the dry farming wheat belt, to cereal and soil make local investigation imper- crop breeding and testing; Pendleton ative. station to cereal and grass production The John Jacob Astor branch station in a region of heavier lands and more at Astoria, devotes its energy to solu- moisture; the Hermiston station, located tion of problems of the coast dairymen on an irrigation project, to forage pro-

The makings of straw- berry shortcake and jam being picked in a Willa- mette valley field. Top of the page, typical view of the luxuriant Willa- mette valley farming sec- tion.—Prentiss photos. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 183 duction, dairying and poultry-raising, velopment of pear stocks resistant to Union branch station to production of fire blight has been an outstanding general crops, but more especially the achievement along with other horticul- investigation of livestock feeding prob- tural breeding work, and the other at lems. Medford, where the problems of irri- In the southeastern section are now gation and management of specialized two stations—one at Burns, where the commercial pear orchards are being possibilities of crop production at high studied. altitudes and in short seasons have been Oregon has, in time past, been the studied, and the Squaw Butte station, unhappy recipient of agricultural booms. with more than 15,000 acres of range It hopes that it has outgrown this stage. land where the problems of range use It has by no means reached the limit of and conservation will be studied for the its agricultural development through the first time. steady, intelligent work of its growing Two other stations are in southern agrarian population—, JOHN C. BURT- Oregon, one at Talent where the de- NER, Oregon State College.

The Vale Owyhee Irrigation Projects

N 1924 and 1925, Congress made ap- $5,378,125. This dam was the largest propriations to start construction of in the world until the Boulder dam was the Vale and Owyhee irrigation proj- built. It is 520 feet from the lowest ects of approximately 100,000 acres. foundation to top; 30 feet thick at the These projects join one another in Mal- top increasing to 255 feet at bedrock heur county in southeastern Oregon, and is 835 feet long at the crest. The with one-third of the Owyhee project dam bridges a canyon 300 feet wide, extending into Owyhee county, Idaho. is 2,675 feet above sea level, and has a These United States Bureau of Recla- capacity of 715,000 acre-feet live stor- mation projects will cost $24,000,000. age, 405,000 acre-feet dead storage, Sixteen thousand acres are now be- creating a lake 52 miles long and ing served with water from the canals from one quarter to about seven miles of the Vale project, and construction wide. In March, 1936, the reservoir is practically complete to water 10,000 held live storage for two years' irriga- acres of the Willow Creek unit on this tion for the entire project with the 1936 project in 1936. The present water run-off yet to come. supply for the Vale project is obtained This project has 60,000 acres of from storage water from the Warm which 50,000 acres are in Malheur Springs reservoir, capacity 190,000 acre- county, Oregon, the balance in Idaho, feet, located on the middle fork of the and in January, 1936, construction of Malheur River near Riverside, Oregon. the Owyhee project was approximately Storage for 15,000 additional acres is 90 per cent completed. In addition to now being provided by the construc- the new lands water will be delivered to tion of a dam of 60,000 acre-feet ca- 35,000 acres formerly irrigated by in- pacity on the north fork of the Malheur dividual pumping systems taking water River near Beulah, Oregon. The main from the Snake river. The owners of canal is designed to carry one cubic foot this land have a prior right over the of water per second for each 50 acres government to the water from the Owy- of land to be irrigated. With the com- hee dam. Supplemental water will be pletion of this reservoir 30,000 acres of furnished 12,000 acres additional which the Vale project will be under irriga- had a partial supply from the Owyhee tion. river. Water for the Owyhee lands is sup- These projects will have three acre- plied by the Owyhee dam located 30 feet of water delivered to the highest miles southwest of Nyssa on the Owy- point of each 80 acres; many crops do hee River, which was started in 1928 not need more than two acre-feet un- and completed in 1932 at a cost of less there are several dry years in suc- 184 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

The Columbia River Highway follows the Old the branches of the tree which obscures the Oregon Trail through beautiful scenery. 33 lower part, sharp eyes can detect the bridge miles from Portland is Multnomah Falls, second which permits a close-up view of the shimmer- highest falls in the United States (620 feet), ing, mystic falls. The handsome privately named for legendary Chief Multnomah. Through operated lodge is open the year around. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 185 cession. Irrigation is not new to that son adequate and farming conditions area as it has been practiced for forty agreeable. The elevation ranges from years and is a proven success. Water 2,250 to about 2,500 feet above sea charges are payable to the government level. The precipitation averages about over a period of 40 years without in- 10 inches a year. terest. Both private and cooperative market- Drainage usually becomes quite a ing for practically all produce is well problem on most irrigation projects but established. Range livestock furnishes as yet has not caused trouble on the a market for the greater portion of the Vale and Owyhee. hay and grain produced on the irrigated The soils range from sandy loam to lands. silt loam and in general have good fer- Electricity is available to practically tility and depth. Under irrigation and all the farm homes and the Blue Moun- proper tillage these soils produce large tains just a few hours automoble drive yields of most crops common to the over surfaced highways offer many op- temperate zone, such as alfalfa, corn, portunities for camping, fishing and root crops, potatoes, truck, red clover hunting. Schools and churches are lo- for hay and seed; also fruits of all de- cated in every district. ciduous varieties. The large yields and Three Oregon state highways serve low cost of producing alfalfa and corn that district as well as the main line and make this an excellent country for three branches of the Union Pacific the production of livestock and dairy Railroad. products. Turkey raising is also one The leading towns on these projects of their principal enterprises. are Vale, Harper, Nyssa, Adrian and The climate is mild, the growing sea- Ontario.— MARGARET SULLIVAN.

Oregon Lumber Industry

WENTY per cent of the timber tensively by the United States Forestry stand of the United States is found Service and by the State Forestry Ser- T in Oregon. The total Oregon stand vice and to a considerable extent by is 390,793,000,000 feet, board meas- timber owners. Artificial reforestation ure, log scale-90 billion feet, chiefly is encouraged by the Oregon Reforesta- ponderosa pine, in eastern Oregon; 300 tion Law under which the owner of billion feet, 76% Douglas fir and 9.6% cut-over lands which are suited to the western hemlock, in western Oregon. growing of forest crops may plant these Other commercial species are spruce, lands to trees, paying thereon five cents Port Orford cedar, western red cedar, per acre per year until the timber is silver, noble and Shasta fir, alder and harvested at which time he must pay maple. 121/2 % of the gross income from the The figures given are for timber of sale. saw timber size—trees from 12 to 40 More than 1,000,000 young trees are inches and over in diameter, breast set out each year. Some of the finest high. They do not include vast quanti- pine nuts or seeds for reforestation are ties of smaller timber, much of which is obtained from squirrel nests ( as much undergoing natural or artificial pro- as 200 pounds to one nest ), which are cesses of reforestation. These commer- replaced with wheat or corn. cial stands cover 191A-million acres in Forest experts declare that with the western Oregon where climate and exercise of reasonable care and the soil are highly favorable to reforesta- practice of sound forest management, tion. the timber supply here may be main- Reforestation is proceeding along two tained in perpetuity. To that end legis- lines, natural and artificial. Natural lation favoring reforestation, the advo- reforestation is a continuous process re- cacy and adoption of selective logging tarded by fire or failure to harvest ma- and sustained yield programs, and the ture timber thus making way for new readjustment of the timber tax burden growth. Reforestation is practiced ex- are being advocated. The manufacture of lumber was one of the earliest industries established in Oregon. In 1880, the total production value of lumber, sash, doors and blinds was $2,300,000. Today, the export value alone of lumber is $6,000,000 annually. Logging is work for strong men, who take nine-foot diameter trees in their stride.—Brown photo. Below, heavy machinery loading logs on cars for transport to the mills. Almost denuded, these hills will be reforested, partly by the natural sprouting of seeds and partly by the setting out of trees by the Federal and State Forestry Services.—Brown photo.

Lumber production in Oregon in 1929 goods industries of the United States. amounted to 4,784,000,000 feet; in 1932 The manufacture of lumber and wood ( the depression low ) 1,603,892,000, products in Oregon is second only to and in 1934 to 2,379,642,000 feet. Fig- agricultLire as a source of wage income. ures for 1935 are not yet available, but Oregon knows the importance of in- it is known that they showed a sub- suring a perpetual supply of timber stantial gain over 1934; and 1936 is since normally, the wood-using indus- registering gains over 1935. tries employ more than 60 per cent of A survey made in October, 1935, all persons engaged in manufacture; showed that the wages of the industry and pay more than 60 per cent of the averaged 62.5 cents per hour, 6.1 cents wages in the manufacturing industry.,— more than the average American in- FRANK M. BYAM, Manager, Research dustry wage of 56.4 cents, 21 cents Department, Portland Chamber of more than the average of all durable Commerce. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 187

Eugene, the University City

ESTERN Oregon is a beauti- ing season, according to 46-year rec- ful and comfortable place in ords, is 199 days, although there is con- W which to spend a vacation or siderable favorable growing weather live the year around. Eugene, aside from the average frost-free period. Oregon's third city, located in the midst Lane county, of which Eugene is the of natural beauty, is surrounded by county seat, contains 2,958,302 acres of wooded hills and buttes. It is at the which 361,190 acres are cultivated or head of the Willamette Valley, 125 cleared pasture land on operated farms. miles south of Portland, and 72 miles The balance of the land is largely cov- south of Salem, the state capital. ered with timber, Douglas fir predomi- It is spared the excessive rainfall nating. Of the total timbered area in from the west by the Coast Range the county, 1,283,802 acres are under mountains, and the extremes of the in- private ownership and 1,347,950 acres terior on the east by the Cascades, and are in national forests available for cut- carries on much economic activity, while ting according to the 1933 report of the enjoying sufficient seasonal change to United States forest service. The 361,- accelerate business and stimulate de- 190 acres of cultivated land lies almost mand for seasonal merchandise. entirely in the valleys of the Coast Fork The greater part of Eugene's rainfall and Middle Fork of the Willamette occurs during the winter and early River and the McKenzie River to the spring months. Early maturing crops east of Eugene, in the Willamette valley flourish without irrigation. Heavy rains to the north, and in the Long Tom and are uncommon, most precipitation fall- Siuslaw River valleys to the west. ing in the form of gentle showers or While none of these streams in the vici- Oregon "mist". Except in the Cascade nity immediately adjacent to Eugene Mountains, whose passes are closed are of recognized value for navigation, with snow for nearly seven months, except for small craft, they provide ex- snow melts within a few hours or a few cellent fishing. days at the most. Thunderstorms, light- Outdoor activities can be enjoyed the ning, windstorms and hailstorms are practically unknown. The official grow- Pride of Eugene, Oregon, is the tree-clad Uni- versity of Oregon campus to which Friendly Hall lends dignity and charm. Eddy photo. 188 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

37 miles from Portland on the Columbia River Highway, is St. Peter's Dome, a pile of basaltic rock which towers 2000 feet into the air.—Sawyer photo. A scene in The Oregon Trail Pageant, de- year around in the Lane county area. picting an episode in the history of Oregon, Within 75 miles from Eugene, on the presented every three years in Eugene. east, are the Three Sisters with their snow-capped peaks crowning the beau- Eugene each year. Among other schools ties of Willamette National Forest, are three business colleges and other easily reached by way of McKenzie and specialized trade schools. Willamette Highways, following the The Lane County Agricultural Out- tree-clad valleys of those rushing moun- look Conference has submitted an in- tain streams for which they have been teresting picture of agriculture in its named. Within the same distance to 1936 report. This report indicates the the west, is the well-timbered coast number of farms in the county has range, the beautiful Oregon coast, and quadrupled during the past 55 years, the mighty Pacific in its impressive set- but total acreage per farm has de- ting of smooth beaches alternating with creased from 301 to an average of 113 rugged shore line bordered with fine acres and the improved acreage per highways and toll-free bridges. You farm from 191 to 36 acres. can fish for rainbow and steelhead, Farmers see a bright future for seed salmon or try deep-sea fishing off coast. crops of vetch, field peas, rye grass, Boating, hunting, camping, hiking, clover, and other varieties are increas- swimming can be enjoyed all year long, ing in importance. Alfalfa and clover winter sports in the Cascades during are reasonably profitable, useful in the four or five winter months, combin- dairying and land rotation work. Irri- ing snow sports with outdoor swimming gation of pasture lands is doing much in hot-spring-fed bathing pools. to maintain milk production and is be- The beautiful tree-clad University of ing more widely used for fattening Oregon campus is the pride of Eugene. lambs. Filberts, an exclusive Oregon An old mill race winds through the fra- and Washington product, have a fav- ternity and sorority district and pro- orable market outlook. Dairying, rais- vides the students with a convenient ing of horses, hogs and poultry are all place in which to swim, canoe or put on expected to increase. Partly through their annual canoe fete during junior increasing population of the Pacific week-end each spring. Approximately Coast, and partly through increasing 3,000 students each year study under a national popularity of Oregon canned faculty of 235 instructors, and are re- vegetables, irrigated truck crops will quired to maintain a high scholastic undoubtedly increase. standing. On the 87-acre campus are An important crop that has but re- 38 buildings, including the famous cently been revived by industrial de- Murray-Warner Oriental Art Museum, velopment in the vicinity of Eugene, is which is open to the public. The North- fibre flax. A retting and scutching plant western Christian College, specializing for fibre flax is now under construction, in Bible courses and liberal arts, brings to be ready for the fall flax crop. Flax an additional two hundred students to mills located at Salem and at Vancou- General aerial view of Bonneville Dam. Right, the Oregon bank of the Co- lumbia River; left, t h e Washington bank. In the mid- dle, Bradford Is- land. The power- house dam and ship lock will be on the Oregon side.

ver, Washington will process the flax the timber and other local industries, fibre produced by the Eugene plant. mining development ( about 50 miles Fibre flax can be grown successfully southeast of Eugene) of gold, quick- only in Oregon and Washington in the silver, silver, lead, copper, in addition United States. To insure consolidated to the other general but important acti- effort, Eugene farmers have organized vities of this region. the Eugene Fruit Growers' Association. That Eugene is a pleasant place in Eugene Farmers' Creamery, Farmers' which to live, is indicated by the large Union Cooperative Association, Pacific number of retired persons, many of Cooperative Egg Producers, and the them army officers, persons who can Producers' Public Market. afford to live anywhere in the United The 1930 Census of Distribution in- States, who have chosen Eugene or dicated that the 363 retail stores in Lane county as their home. The inter- Eugene were doing an annual business esting features of a pioneer country are of $16,264,425 with a yearly payroll of still to be found in Oregon combined $1,608,112 and giving employment to with the culture that is naturally a part 1,103 people. Eugene's trade comes of Oregon's university city.—JoHN F. from the coast industries, a valuable DURR, Secretary, Eugene Chamber of farm market, the University of Oregon, Commerce.

Bonneville Dam

ONNEVILLE Dam, on the Co- They envision great industrial develop- lumbia River, 43 miles east of Port- ment in every field—metallurgy, chem- B land, will be completed in the fall istry, agriculture, forestry. of 1937. It will then be able to Ocean-going ships will be able to go produce enough electrical energy fully up the Columbia to the dam and, after to electrify every farm in Oregon and being lifted at the locks, ascend 50 miles still have 95% of its power left for other farther upstream. Three transcontinent- uses. If the electricity is sold to reflect al railroads pass the dam site. actual production costs, it will be the Great empires have been builded on cheapest power available in the United natural resources, transportation facili- States. Oregon and Washington have ties, and physical energy and ambition thus become potential industrial areas of the inhabitants neglible in comparison of such vast proportions that only the with those which Oregon and Wash- future can tell how vast. ington will possess. Oregonians already visualize Port- The Bonneville power-navigation dam land as another Pittsburgh and Bonne- is today nearly one-half complete. A ville Dam as another Niagara of power. year hence, there will be a 50-mile lake, The concrete piers of the Bonneville making possible inexpensive transpor- powerhouse dam will rise 85 feet, with tation by sea-going vessels and river huge gates between piers. When the dam is completed, it will be a man-created craft to The Dalles, Oregon, 96 miles Niagara of power.—Photo-Art photo. east of Portland. The impounded water will be directed through generators to produce 600,000 h. p. of electrical en- on the Washington side. The earth ergy—about three billion k. w. hours was removed down to bedrock for the annually. Niagara Hudson's Schoell- powerhouse substructure and immedi- kopf Station produces 450,000 h. p. ately upstream, an impregnable con- It was during the Hoover administra- crete bulwark, the powerhouse dam. tion that Congress directed the U. S. Two units of the power plant and sub- Army Engineer Corps to survey the structure for four more will be built. Columbia River and its tributaries and Ultimately ten to twelve units will be report upon the most desirable uses of installed. these rivers for flood control, irrigation The navigation lock at Bonneville is and hydro-electric development; $750,- the largest single lift passage in the 000 was spent for the survey, and the world for ocean-going vessels. It will Bonneville Dam was recommended as take approximately 15 minutes for a the first unit in the long-period Federal boat to pass through. development. Paralleling the Oregon shore and Engineering difficulties encountered abreast of the powerhouse dam, a in placing spillway and powerhouse in cavernous hole was hewn from solid the swift, often turbulent, Columbia rock and concrete was formed on either taxed the best engineering talent of the side to create the ship lock. nation. At Bonneville, the river is The Washington side of the river divided in two by Bradford Island, with will be dammed by an 1100-foot spill- the narrower half, called Bradford way dam. It will be 165 feet wide at Slough, on the Oregon side. The water the base of solid concrete tapering to was cut off on this half by placing em- the top 24 feet to 45 feet wide. This bankments on the upstream and down- will be surmounted by 18 steel gates stream ends to force the river to flow set between concrete supports 10 feet 192 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 thick, which in turn will be surmounted placed thereon half of the spillway by a track for a traveling crane for piers. Another semi-circular cofferdam raising or lowering the gates to control will be anchored to the Washington the head of water. shore and the remaining steel-and-con- To build it, giant rock-laden timber crete piers will be erected to complete cribs held in check the northern half of the spillway dam. the Columbia River while workmen In the fall of 1937, the dam will be again sought and reached bedrock, completed and begin to pay dividends.

Climbing to the Top of Oregon

VERY morning, from my bedroom ing bushes that tugged at the pack that window, if it was not a rainy day, was hanging from my shoulders. Up- E I beheld Mount Hood, that rugged ward I threaded my way. Upward, uplift of rock and ice and snow. slowly but surely, toward the cloud- How resplendently it threw back the capped inn where timber-line and snow- rays of the morning's rising sun! One cap meet. Far below this point, stretch- morning it seemed to beckon me to it. es, in circumfluent density, a primitive Would I go? I would! I would scale forest, clutching with its roots the rising it, and as emblematic of the high regard slopes. High above, in the grasp of a in which I held my confreres I would perpetual frost, clings the snow-cap, plant a Caduceus in its crest. that, like the inevitable hat of William In the early dawn of the following Penn, was never doffed. morning, Mount Hood, in its draperies My camping pack tucked away in a of snow and ice was again throwing corner of the Inn, armed with pike, back the pink and purple of another rope and pick, my boots well spiked, glorious sunrise. From where I had with an agreeable and experienced camped for the night, it did not look guide, the last leg of my ascent is be- farther away than just the other side gun. What had looked like a smooth, of the neighboring fir trees. How beau- purplish-pink surface from my camp in tifully it shone! Was there ever a king, the early light of the day's dawn, was in royal purple, so masjestic, so free a composite of grinding glaciers, yawn- from self-admiration or self-pity, so ing fissures, jutting boulders and leap- calm in sunshine or in storm, so free ing torrents of melting ice and snow. from vanity, secret lusts or untamed Tons of ice breaking from mother glac- passions? And I was to scale its rugged iers to fall, with fearsome rumblings, sides, and, ere another day had come, into hidden depths; treacherous trails. stand upon its mighty head. Campbell was right—distance does lend What a morning with which to begin enchantment to the view. such an enterprise! Not a cloud from All this took place twenty years ago, horizon to dome. A heavy dew on leaf and so far as I am aware, the Caduceus and grass added a freshness to the air still rests on the very top of Mount already redolent with the aroma of the Hood. When at last I had planted it, woods. There was positively nothing I stood in forlorn poise on the crown scientific in my adventure. It was, in all of that venerable peak. The falling truth, prompted by curiosity, and the temperature, herald of the approaching whim of a moment. Not unusual for a night, was stiffening my drenched gar- lover of the great out-of-doors,—then, ments. Back to the inn we wended our to add zest to the exploit, I concluded uncertain way. Night had long since to be the first person to plant the wand fallen before we reached it. Long after of Mercury beneath an ice cap. I had returned to my hearth, there were So, at dawn, I broke camp and was aching muscles, but today not a thing on my way—through forests of fir, of of the experience remains but the mem- pine and of cedar, around giant trees ory of that wonderful farflung view of and the noses of projecting rocks, over the great out-of-doors.—J. CHRISTO- moss-covered logs, and beneath smart- PHER O'DAY, M.D., F.A.C.S. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 193

John Bull Through Chinese Eyes*

By LIN YLI-TANG, Ph.D.

HAVE CHOSEN as my topic for as a "danger to peace in the Orient." discussion China and England, and By and by, you will find that any one hope you will excuse me for avoid- who dares to uphold the spirit or letter I ing any discussion upon problems of of the Washington treaty will also be the Pacific. Ten or fifteen years ago regarded as "endangering peace in the there was a Shanghai editor of a great Orient." And there may come a time Chinese daily paper who consistently when an English firm that dares to sell avoided comments on the most impor- cotton goods or Capstan cigarettes in tant questions of the day. In time he de- China will also be regarded as an enemy veloped the reputation for editorially to peace in the Orient. As I told you, I handling "distant and not immediate am a man who loves peace, and I am topics, foreign and not domestic prob- therefore not going to endanger peace lems, and general and not specific sub- in the Orient by discussing problems jects," such as The True Duties of Citi- of the Pacific. zenship, The Importance of Obedience So I am going to speak of my impres- in Children, etc. I am going to follow sions of the white man. I am not going that worthy gentleman's example by not to tell the truth, at least not the whole talking about the problems of the Pa- truth, so you need not be scared. These cific, because I want to be on good reflections on the white man are very terms with everybody and have no de- natural because the spectacle of present- sire for wounding any nation's sensibil- day Europe is extremely thought-pro- ity. voking. Everyone knows that Europe is For you must have all realized that in a mess. All nations today seem to be against the ideals of the Pan-Pacific in a frightful fit of bad temper. We Association there has recently come into cannot help asking why it is so, because more and more prominence the Pan- where human events are in a mess, the Asiatic Doctrine, and you must have human beings must be at fault. We are realized that these two ideals necessarily forced to ask ourselves, what are the and directly conflict with each other. psychological limitations of the Euro- One cannot subscribe to both ideals at pean which make peace so difficult in the same time. The Pan-Pacific ideal Europe? What are the peculiarities of regards the Pacific Ocean as a great the European's mental make-up? And center of future international trade, by mental make-up I do not mean in- while the Pan-Asiatic Doctrine regards telligence or thinking pure and simple, the Pacific Ocean as a great gulf to sep- but the whole psychological reactions to arate the white and yellow peoples. Ac- things. I would never for a moment cording to the Pan-Asiatic Doctrine, the question the intelligence of the Euro- white man's appearance in the Far East pean race. But the sad part of it is, is an intrusion, and the sooner he gets after all intelligence has very little to out the better. We have already come do with the course of human events, to the point where the lending of a loan which are more dictated by our animal or furnishing of technical exports by a passions. European nation to China is regarded Human history is not the product of the wise direction of human reason, but * First given as a Balboa Day Address before is shaped by the forces of emotion—our the Pan-Pacific Association of Shanghai, Sep- dreams, our pride, our greed, our fears tember 25, 1935. 194 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

and our desire for revenge. Europe is First, because as a Chinese, I feel all dominated not by intelligence, but by foreigners in China are Englishmen. the animal passions of fear and revenge. The International Settlement in Shang- Progress in Europe is not the result of hai is known among the Chinese as the the white man's thinking, but of his lack "British Settlement", and we are prob- of thinking. If there were a single su- ably right. Secondly, because the Eng- preme Human Intelligence today put at lish show more sense and less sensi- the head of Europe and guiding its en- bility. I would at any time twist the British lion's tail rather than pinch the tire destiny, Europe would not be what whiskers of a Japanese marine. The it is toclqy. Modern Europe is not ruled British lion has a better sense of hu- by a single supreme Human Intelligence mor. And thirdly, because I feel I un- but is ruled by three men with big and derstand England better. I feel the spirit powerful jaws—Signor Mussolini, Adolf of the English people is more akin to Hitler and Josef Stalin. You know what the spirit of the Chinese people, for I mean: some faces are like triangles, both nations are worshippers of realism with the broad base situated below ( the and common sense. There are many dictators and men of action ), and some points of similarity between the English faces are like inverted triangles ( the and the Chinese in their modes of think- men of ideas and thinkers: Bertrand ing, and even in their modes of speech. Russell, for example ). The man of in- Both peoples have a profound distrust telligence and the man of action belong of logic and are extremely suspicious of to two entirely different types. The Ger- arguments that are too perfect. We be- man nation could swear allegiance to lieve that when an argument is too "God and Hitler," but if an English logical it cannot be true. And both Nazi party were to swear allegiance to countries are gifted more at doing the God and Bertrand Russell, Bertrand right thing than at giving happy reasons Russell would die of shame. So long as for doing them. All Englishmen love a Europe is ruled by these men with big good liar, and so do the Chinese. We and powerful jaws, and so long as you love to call a thing by anything except are willing to be ruled by men with big its right name. Of course there are many and powerful jaws, Europe must con- points of dissimilarity ( the Chinese are tinue along its present lines of develop- more emotional, for instance ), and the ment and head for the abyss it is head- Chinese and English sometimes ex- ing for today. asperate each other, but I am digging What I was trying to say was that at the roots of our racial makeup. the course of human history is not Let us analyze the strength of the guided by our reason, although it should English character and see how Eng- be when we are more civilized, but is land's glorious career as a nation arises essentially shaped by our dreams and from it. We all know that England has passions. Every nation dreams and acts had not only a glorious career, but has more or less completely on her dreams. had also a positively amazing career. Human history is the result of the con- England always had the knack of doing flict of our ideals and realities, and the the right thing and calling it by the adjustment between ideals and reality wrong name, as they are, for instance, determines the peculiar development of calling the English democracy a mon- that nation. The U.S.S.R. is the result archy today. Now it is very difficult to of the Russian capacity for dreaming; appreciate this quality of English great- the French Republic is the result of the ness, and I propose to initiate you into French passion for abstract ideas; the the beauties of it. The English nation British Empire is the result of the won- has been misunderstood, and it takes a derfully robust English common sense Chinese to understand the English rac- and their entire lack of logical reason- ial character properly. The English ing; and the German Fascist regime is people have been accused of hypocrisy, the result of the German love for a com- inconsistency, a genius for muddling mon front and mass action. through, and a notorious lack of logic. But I am going to speak about Eng- I am making a defence of English in- land in particular, for several reasons. consistency and English common sense. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 195

The accusation of hypocrisy is unjust but is never against it. Too much think- and arises from a lack of true under- ing will bring about mankind's destruc- standing and appreciation of the Eng- tion. The English people think, too, but lish character. I think, as a Chinese, I never allow themselves to be lost in can understand the English character their own thoughts and logical abstrac- tions. That is the greatness of the Eng- better than the Englishmen understand lish mind, and the reason for England's themselves. ability always to do the right thing at I am trying here chiefly to give a the right moment. It is also the reason point of view for a true appreciation of for the English ability to fight the right England's greatness. In order to appre- war on the right side from the Spanish ciate England, one has to have a cer- Armada to the Napoleonic wars, down tain contempt for logic. All this misun- to the Crimean War, the Great World derstanding of the English people arises War, and finally the present Italo- from a perverted idea of the true func- Abyssinian War. She always fought tion of thinking. There is always a the right war and always called it by danger that we regard abstract thinking the wrong name by giving wrong rea- as the highest function of the human sons for it. That is the reason for Eng- land's amazing power and vitality. You mind, to be valued over and above may call it "muddling through" and in- simple common sense. Now the first consistency and hypocrisy. At the bot- function of nations, as of animals, is to tom of it all is the English robust com- know how to live, and unless you learn mon sense and a level-headed instinct how to live and adjust yourself to for life. changing circumstances, all your think- In other words, the first law of na- ing is futile and a perversion of the tions as of individuals is the law of normal function of the human brain. self-preservation, and the more a nation We all have the perverted idea that the is able to adjust itself to changing cir- human brain is an organ for thinking. cumstances, the sounder is its instinct Nothing is further from the truth. That for life, logic or no logic. "Consis- view, I submit, is biologically incorrect tency," Cicero says, "is the virtue of and unsound. Lord Balfour has wisely small minds." The English capacity for said that "The human brain is as much inconsistency is merely a sign of Eng- an organ for seeking food as the pig's land's greatness. snout.- After all, the human brain is Take the amazing British Empire, for only an enlarged piece of the spinal example, till today still the greatest em- column, whose first function is to sense pire in the world. How did the English danger and preserve life. We were ani- people do it? By the entire absence of mals before we became thinkers. logical reasoning. The greatness of the The so-called logical reasoning is British Empire is based, you may say, only a very much belated development on English sportsmanship, English en- in the animal world and even now it is durance, English guts and the incor- still highly imperfect. Mankind are only ruptibility of English judges. All that half-thinking and half-feeling animals. is true, but there is a greater reason: The type of thinking which helps one the greatness of the British Empire is to get food and get along in life is a based on the English lack of cerebra- higher, not a lower, type of thinking, tion; the lack of cerebration, or insuffi- because this kind of thinking is always cient cerebration, produces moral con- sounder. This type of thinking is usually viction, and moral conviction produces called common sense. Now action with- moral strength. The British Empire is out thinking may be foolish, but action based on the Englishman being so cock- without common sense is always dis- sure of himself and his own superiority. astrous. A nation with a robust com- No nation can go about conquering the mon sense is not a nation that does no world, unless it is quite sure of its thinking, but rather has subjugated its "civilizing" mission. The moment, how- thinking to its instinct for life and made ever, you begin to think and see some- it harmonious with it. Thinking of this thing in the other nation or the other type profits from the instinct for life, fellow and his ways, your moral con- 196 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 viction leaves you and your empire commonsense and capacity for adjust- collapses. The British Empire still ment to realities. stands today because the Englishman Or take the case of the English lan- still believes that his ways are the only guage. The English language is today correct ways, and he cannot tolerate the nearest equivalent to an interna- anybody that does not conform to his tional language. How did the English standards. Thus the British Empire people do it? By an equally absurd ab- itself is based on an entirely illogical sence of logic, by the sheer stubborn- proposition. Its foundation actually ness of the Englishman in refusing to dated back to the pirate days of its speak anybody else's language. A Chi- supreme struggle with the Spanish Em- nese speaks English when he is in Eng- pire in the times of Queen Elizabeth. land, speaks French when he is in But when pirates were necessary for the France, and speaks German when he expansion of the British Empire, Eng- is in Germany. But an Englishman land was able to produce enough pirates speaks only English everywhere. The to meet the situation, and glorified them. English maxim is: When you are trav- And later, when the industrial revolu- eling in Rome, do exactly as you do at tion called for colonial markets, she de- home. This is the only poem I ever veloped an instinct for founding colon- composed in English. It is the most ies and made another astounding dis- illogical thing, but again it has turned covery of her "civilizing" influence, and out to be the right thing, and English an English poet, Rudyard Kipling, soon today has established itself as incon- discovered the "white man's burden," trovertibly the international language of and the consciousness of the white the world. And so on in all the different man's burden and England's civiliz- aspects of her national life. Her An- ing influence helped the Englishmen glican Church is a theological anomaly. through as nothing else would. Of Theologically, it is a hodge-podge of course nothing could be more ridiculous, Roman mutton with English sauce, a but nothing showed a sounder instinct popish theology without a pope, merely for life. the expression of the political sense of Yet if you think that this is mere Henry VIII. It is absurd, it is ridicu- thickheadedness and there is nothing lously illogical and today it is hope- more to it than a merely negative virtue, lessly antiquated, but some eight years consider the other side of the picture. ago the English Parliament still refused Certainly the development of the Brit- to revise its prayer book. It is a su- ish Empire was unprecedented in man- preme example of the English spirit of kind's history, and certainly such an compromise. But it is a church that Empire could not be held together merely works and survives to this day. by an absence of logic. In the hands of The English constitution is another any other nation, the British Empire masterpiece of English patchwork, and would have fallen by its own weight, yet in spite of its being a patchwork, for the problem of holding an empire it offers the English people a real guar- from Australia to Canada together antee of their civil rights. Her great would have taxed the most statesman- universities offer another instance of like minds. Only the English mind a strange conglomeration of colleges could have solved it and it did so by without rhyme or reason. Oxford has inventing the British Commonwealth. 30 colleges and no one can tell you the The British Commonwealth is actually reason why there must be 30 and not a League of Nations, with the difference 29, and yet Oxford remains among the that it is a League of Nations that really world's truest seats of learning. works. The English people are prob- The English form of government is in ably unaware that it is a League of itself a contradiction, a monarchy in Nations for they have the knack name and a democracy in reality, and of doing a thing without knowing what somehow the English people do not feel it is. I don't know how the English any conflict in it. The English profess people discovered the formula, but the greatest love for and loyalty to their somehow or other they have discovered king, and then proceed to limit the ex- it or stumbled into it by their sheer penditures of the royal household MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 197 through their Parliament. Some day For myself, I am rather intrigued by England will yet become a bolshevik that cheekiness, the cheekiness of a man state with the English king still on his who thinks that any country is dog- throne, and under the leadership of a gone and Godforsaken whose people do most die-hard conservative cabinet. not take Bovril and do not produce an England is already a socialist state to- inevitable white handkerchief when the day, taxing her aristocracy out of their correct moment comes. One is lured to landed estates and castles—without look behind that extremely brazen front their calling it by that name, and Eng- and take a peep at his inner soul. For land may in a short time turn laborite, the Englishman is imposing just as soli- but one feels the process will take place tude is imposing. A man who could sit so smoothly that there will be no violent all by himself at a club party and look shakeup. I feel confident that the basis damned comfortable is always impos- of English democracy will stand the ing. strain of any crisis it may have to pass Of course there is something in it. through, just by its sheer dogged sense His soul is not such bad stuff and his of reality, and a kind of robust animal cheekiness is not just side and airs. For he is so very cocksure of his Post instinct for life. And so the English Office and his Bank of England. I church works, the English language sometimes feel that the Bank of Eng- works, the English constitution and the land can never fall just because the antiquated English laws still work, and English people believe so, that it can what is still more amazing, English not be closed simply because "it isn't democracy and English monarchy are being done." The Bank of England is working at the same time. That is what decent. So is the English Post Office. I call "amazing England." So is their Manufacturers' Life Assur- And so there goes the Englishman ance. So is the whole British Empire, with his umbrella and unashamed of his all so decent, so inevitably decent. I am umbrella, refusing to talk any language sure Confucius himself would have but his own, demanding marmalade in found England the ideal country to live in. He would be pleased with the Lon- an African jungle and unable to for- don cop assisting old women across the give his boy for not producing holly and street and he would be pleased to see a plum pudding in an African desert on children and minors addressing their Christmas eve, so sure of himself, so elders with their "Yes sir's." terribly cocksure of himself, and so ter- China, too, was a land that was ter- ribly decent. There is an inevitability ribly decent and terribly cocksure of it- about his words and actions and ges- self. The Chinese people, too, were a tures when he is not looking like a people full of common sense at the ex- dumb persecuted animal. You could pense of logic. If there was anything predict exactly what an Englishman the Chinese were incapable of, it was would do even when he sneezes. He scientific reasoning, which was totally would take out his handkerchief-4or absent from her literature. The Chinese he always has a handkerchief--and mind thinks by leaps and starts, and it mutter something about the "beastly often arrives at the same truth, but by a quicker way, by sheer intuition. The cold." And you could tell what is go- Chinese mind had a knack of leaving ing on in his mind about Bovril and out the unessentials and keeping a tight going home to have a hot footbath, all hold of the essentials of life. It had, as inevitable as the sun is going to rise above all, common sense and a wisdom in the east the next morning. But you of life; and it had humor, and it could could not upset him. That cheekiness is face a logical inconsistency with a clear not very lovely, but is very imposing. conscience and great complacency. In fact, he has gone round conquering Much of that wisdom and humor is the world with that bluff and that now lost and that good sense which dis- cheekiness, and his success in doing so tinguished her ancient life is now de- is his best justification. cayed. The modern Chinese is a freak- 198 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

ish, peevish and neurasthenic individual, sniffed its air, and felt happy. The having lost his equitable temper through world, he felt, was quite likeable and loss of self-confidence brought about secure and he proceeded to do his best by the misfortunes of China's national to make it more secure. Having come life in the last century to the humilia- tions of having to adjust herself to a to such a stage, he had no more scruples new way of life. about committing his laborite principles But ancient China had common sense to the winds than Confucius would and a large measure of it. The most have. For Confucius would have ap- typical of Chinese thinkers was Con- proved of Ramsay MacDonald, as he fucius and the most typical of English would have approved of Dr. Johnson. thinkers was Dr. Johnson, both philo- Thus do the great spirits meet across sophers of common sense. If Confucius the ages. and Dr. Johnson had met, they would What Europe needs today and what have smiled and understood each other the modern world needs is not more perfectly. Both could not suffer fools intellectual brilliance, but more life wis- gladly and both would put up with no dom. The English have no logic, but nonsense. Both showed penetrating have wisdom in the Chinese sense. One wisdom and a firm judgment. Both used feels somehow that European life is the same rule-of-thumb method and more secure and the course of Europe's both worked on a patchwork of ideas. And both had utter contempt for mere historical development is more steady consistency. Mencius said of Confucius for England's presence. There are so that he was the "Saint of Opportunists," few things one can be sure about that and Confucius twice said of himself it does one good to see a man who that with him " 'yes' can do and 'no' can be so sure of himself. The great also can do." And the strange thing difference is that there is more manli- was that the Chinese worshipped this ness in the English culture and more great master because he was a "saint feminine cunning in the Chinese culture. of opportunists"—which was no term China would do well to learn a little of opprobrium in Chinese—because he manliness from England, and England understood life too profoundly to be would do well to learn more modera- merely consistent. Outwardly there was tion and mellow understanding of life nothing to admire in this village school- and the art of living from the Chinese. master. But the Chinese worshipped The true test of a civilization is not him, and not the more brilliant Chaung- how you are able to conquer and to kill, tze, nor the more logical Shang Yang, but how you can get the greatest kick nor the more thorough-going Wang out of life, and for these humble arts Anshih. There was nothing striking of peace, like feeding birds and raising about Confucius except his love of com- orchids and cooking mushrooms and monplace, and nothing extraordinary being happy in simple surroundings, the about him except his platitudes. The West has still a lot to learn from China. only thing divine about him was his Someone has said that the ideal life is great humanity. As Dr. John C. Wu to live in an English country house, en- puts it, "he was too moral to be moral- gage a Chinese cook, marry a Japanese istic, too pure to be puritanical, too wife and take a French mistress. If broadly human to be all-too-human, too we could all do that, we would have consistently moderate to be immoderate moved on in the arts of peace and could even in the virtue of moderation." There then afford to forget the arts of war. could not be a more uninteresting char- We would then know how to live and acter. It takes a Chinese people to wor- forget how to kill. You Christians may ship such a man, as it takes an English object to this scheme, but I believe such people to worship Ramsay MacDonald, cooperation in the art of living will mark whose political life is a supreme effort a new era of international understand- to be inconsistent in the English man- ing and goodwill and make the modern ner, which is the grand manner. A world safer to live in. It is a better laborite, MacDonald one day went up program than what Mussolini is pre- the steps of No. 10 Downing Street, paring for us. It is more convincing. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 199

Trained dogs pursued frightened rabbits in scum and several other public buildings. Sun- coursing matches over grounds covering 130 day school pupils playing truant and on aroused acres, where now stand the Los Angeles Mu- teacher made this picture possible.

The Los Angeles Museum

By WILLIAM ALANSON BRYAN Director Los Angeles Museum

(With illustrations from Los Angeles Museum photographs)

LITTLE less than a third of a hundred and thirty acres of land in century ago a group of truant Agricultural Park that it was found had Sunday school boys set in mo- been ingeniously diverted from public A tion a series of events that re- to private control as a race track; the sulted ultimately in the found- rededication of the area in the heart of ing of the Los Angeles Museum of His- the city to the use of the public to form tory, Science and Art in Exposition what is now known as Exposition Park Park. and the development therein of the Missed from their class by their several important and varied recrea- teacher they were finally found by him tional and cultural facilities including among the Sunday spectators at a race the State Exposition Building, the Los track in old Agricultural Park where Angeles Armory, the famous sunken they were gleefully witnessing a "cours- Rose Garden, the celebrated Olympic ing match"--a form of sport wherein in- Stadium with a seating capacity of more nocent rabbits are pursued by swift than 125,000 persons and the by no dogs trained for the purpose. means less significant Los Angeles The intervening steps taken during Museum constitute a series of events of the succeeding years which stopped real significance in the life of a great Sunday coursing matches and resulted city. This series of events, resulting in the return to public use of the one largely from the persistent zeal of an 200 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

Trapped in the tar pits of La Brea, the sabre-tooth tiger, giant bear and bison left their bones for scientists to unearth thousands of years later, and reconstruct, as shown here in Hancock Park. A miniature diorama, oppo- site page, shows how Pleistocene Age animals were trapped in the tar.

aroused Sunday school teacher, is in the outstanding cultural centers of the brief the prehistory of a great civic en- world. terprise of which the city, the county The corner stone for the original and the state are justly proud. Museum was laid December 17, 1910, Since the Los Angeles Museum of to be followed by the formal opening History, Science and Art has just com- of the red brick institution then known pleted the celebration of the first quar- as the Museum of History, Science and ter century of its existence, it pauses to Art, on October 16, 1913. The original point with satisfaction not only to the building consisted of three wings radiat- interesting history of its origin but to ing from a central entrance rotunda fac- its varied achievements as a cultural, ing on the sunken garden in Exposition recreational and educational institution. Park. The growth of the institution At its twenty-fifth annual milestone the under the guiding hand of its first di- Institution looks hopefully forward to rector, Mr. Frank S. Daggett, whose its future growth and expansion on the death occurred on April 4, 1920, was so way towards its ultimate goal, namely, rapid that the close of the great war the building in Los Angeles of a thor- saw the board of governors active in oughly cosmopolitan assembly of col- forwarding plans for further develop- lections and exhibits that will provide a ment of the institution. museum in every way worthy of the The securing of an enlarged building great western city and community which site and the development of plans for without doubt is destined to be one of the gradual transformation of the plant MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 201

into a great modern institution, includ- the second opened with a reception at- ing the original Museum building in tended by 8,200 guests November 7, such a manner that it would ultimately 1929. Together the two units provide be absorbed into the larger plan, was over 50 exhibition halls, rooms and gal- among the first problems to be consid- leries with an exhibition floor space in ered by the present director, im- excess of six acres and with more than mediately following his appointment as 115,000 square feet of windows, sky- head of the Museum Department of the lights and glass exhibition cases. county on February 1, 1921. Anticipated addition of the third unit Under the more appropriate name of of the building at no distant day will the Los Angeles Museum of History, cemplete the south facade of the insti- Science and Art, the institution within tution and will provide quarters for such a few months secured from the state much-needed facilities as the Museum and the city, by lease, control of ap- auditorium, library, lecture rooms, Ju- proximately 9% acres in the northwest nior Museum, etc. Its completion will corner of Exposition Park. This pro- permit the placing of the stone jacket vides for building purposes a rectangu- covering the rough concrete on the en- lar area 750 feet long by 555 feet deep. tire south or front façade at one time, The new building designed for the thus assuring uniform color and texture Board of Supervisors by the Allied of the facing material. Architects' Association in cooperation It is not too soon to predict that with- with the Director and Board of Gover- in a very few years through appropria- nors when completed will cover thirteen tions, augmented by private gifts and times the ground area of the old orig- bequests, the Museum will be completed inal building and have approximately 30 and equipped with exhibits occupying acres of floor space available for exhibi- the entire eight units of the projected tion purposes. structure, Los Angeles Museum will Two of the ultimate eight units of the then without doubt house one of the new building have been completed. The world's most interesting collections of first unit opened November 27, 1925, objects illustrating the progress of civi- 202 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

lization, in all departments of history, Section some seventy special art collec- science and art. tions of a wide and varied nature. From Over two score groups, clubs, asso- the first, the cooperation of the Mu- ciations, societies and organizations seum's friends has been solicited in the maintain more or less definite and cor- building up of these collections through dial cooperative relations with the in- gift, purchase and long-time loan of ac- stitution, while other organizations of like character await only the completion ceptable objects of art. The first quarter of more suitable library, meeting and century of the life of the Museum has lecture accommodations to join actively seen real progress made toward the in- with the Museum in its ambitious desire stitution's fixed desire to possess fairly to form for the people a great intel- representative examples of the painting, lectual, cultural and recreational center sculpture, etchings, applied arts, etc., in Los Angeles. of all the important art producing coun- When the cornerstone of the Museum tries, but always placing especial em- was laid, in 1910, the Museum did not phasis on the achievements of our own possess a single object for Museum American artists. exhibition. The remarkable collections Starting with the original changing now on display are but a fraction of the gallery and print room in 1910, the material made available through gen- growth of the section can be measured erous gifts or long term loans from hun- in a way by the statement that more dreds of friends of the Museum. The than twenty galleries, with 62,000 accession catalogue records gifts from square feet of floor space, are devoted 3,860 persons while the loan catalogue to the permanent and changing exhibi- records the names of 1,732 friends of tions of art objects. During the past the Museum. fifteen years more than 400 art exhi- As the institution has grown, the bitions have been assembled, displayed Museum's collections and exhibits have and dispersed by the Museum. These been divided into several major sections have ranged in size and importance to facilitate their care and general ad- from the small "one man show," often ministration. The section with perhaps featuring the first works of budding the widest and most varied interests is local painters, sculptors, etchers, etc., that of History, which embraces more as a compliment to their progress, to than sixty collections pertaining to an- great international expositions of con- thropology and the history of man and temporary painting that in importance, his social, cultural and governmental scope and content have constituted ex- activities. The collections of the section hibitions of the very first magnitude. as at present installed occupy about From a single exhibition each month in 30,000 square feet of floor space. 1910, the gallery schedule now averages The vast number of objects and col- 36 changing exhibitions each year. lections on display in the Science Sec- The Museum has slowly developed tion are in reality but a few examples its own research library, specializing in selected from the scores of collections history, science and art. In addition to made up of thousands of exhibition, covering its field as a general reference study and research specimens included library, special interest is taken in the in the scope of the division. These col- development of more than 20 museum lections are constantly being added to collections that group themselves about by gifts from interested patrons, by ex- the Museum interest of the library. change with other institutions and col- The Junior Museum, forming a sec- lectors, and by field expeditions, etc. tion of the Los Angeles Museum and More than ninety collections are in- devoted exclusively to the interests of cluded in the range of interest in this children, was first opened with a chil- section, which as at present displayed dren's reception January 21, 1927. Since occupies about 45,000 square feet of its inception the facilities of the section floor space on three exhibition floors of have been constantly in use by school the building. groups, boys' and girls' clubs and teach- As time, funds and opportunity per- ers, as well as thousands of others who mit it is proposed to develop in the Art have children or who have contact with MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 203 or interest in the youth of our com- included in the field covered by the munity. Museum's interest in this subject, to Completion of the second unit of the which friends of the musical arts and new museum in 1929 afforded oppor- the Museum are invited to contribute tunity for the beginning of the assemb- acceptable material for preservation or ling of material in the Physical and Me- exhibition. chanical Science Section. A score of Like a number of legitimate fields of collections are now well represented, in- museum activity, the lecture, concert cluding objects in which science and in- and docent service of the institution vention are applied to the mechanical has been largely held in abeyance by and physical appliances having such an reason of the lack of funds, personnel, important place in our everyday life. and suitable lecture rooms and audi- One of the most popular divisions of torium facilities. The completion of this section is devoted to the collection the third unit of the new structure, and preservation of objects pertaining when funds will permit, will no doubt to every phase of the making of motion provide for the proper development of pictures. all the several contemplated urgently The Extensive Section first definitely needed community services so appro- established as a separate Museum ac- priately associated with the work of a museum in a great population center. tivity was organized in August, 1926. While the Otis Art institution is a through its extensive and growing col- separate, self-contained division of the lections the Museum extends its facili- Museum Department and is conducted ties to teachers, libraries, club lecturers as such, it is an integral part of the and hundreds of others employing vis- art activities and facilities of the depart- ual educational methods who, on appli- ment as a whole. By the generous gift cation, are able to secure for a limited of his home, in 1918, General Harrison time for use outside the Museum, ma- Gray Otis made it possible for the Mu- terial similar to that displayed in all de- seum to develop one of the leading art partments of the Museum. The section schools west of Chicago. With a slen- now has thousands of objects available der beginning, the Institute has through illustrating the fine and applied arts, the years steadily grown to where with commerce, geography, history, litera- a faculty of fourteen instructors it gives regular instruction to more than 500 ture, the natural sciences, etc. students annually, while its student roll In the major section devoted to Music since 1918 totals more than 9000 names. and the Theater the first installation of In 1923, Mr. G. Allan Hancock pre- a definite gallery of musical instruments sented to the public by deed of gift, for occurred in March, 1935, and marked park purposes, twenty acres of the reg- the formal inauguration of the last of ion known at Rancho La Brea, fronting the several important sections of the on Wilshire Boulevard west of La Brea Museum's inclusive exhibition pro- Avenue. This is celebrated as being the gram, as outlined in the institution's field from which the Museum secured plan of development published in its collections of Pleistocene fossils now 1928. The section is devoted to the on display in Hancock Hall in the in- stitution. The region was placed under theater and theater arts and their var- Museum management and is being de- ious ramifications not elsewhere pro- veloped as one of the most spectacular vided for. In this section it is the de- natural parks in the world. It also forms sire of the institution to develop a group one of the important sections of the Los of collections including historical in- Angeles Museum, being at once a struments as well as examples illustrat- Pleistocene park, a wild life refuge and ing the evolution of musical instruments a recreational and breathing space in a in various countries. Other collections rapidly growing metropolitan area of illustrating the theatrical life of Los the city. Angeles, personal relics of actors, auto- While the Museum is celebrating the graph copies of productions, etc., are twenty-fifth anniversary of the laying 204 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

More than 100,000 persons visited Los Angeles Museum to see Whistler's portrait of his mother, a loan exhibition through the courtesy of the Louvre. of the cornerstone of the great institu- November 6, 1913. On several occa- tion in Exposition Park it is fitting to sions during the last fifteen years, as, mention, in passing, the Otis Art Insti- for example, at the opening of the first tute and Hancock Park as forming very unit of the new museum, huge crowds important landmarks in the course of have thronged through the exhibition the growth of the Museum Department halls and galleries. The largest single of the government of Los Angeles daily attendance on record occurred county. July 30, 1932, when by count 30,122 In reviewing the first quarter century visitors entered the Museum. In recent of the Museum's history, it is obvious years the annual attendance has ex- that it has steadily grown and developed ceeded a million visitors, while in 1932 along the general lines laid down by the counted yearly attendance exceeded those instrumental in its organization. 1,300,000 persons. From its inception the institution has Looking toward the future, and judg- held an enviable place in the sincere ing that future by the past, it seems rea- affections of the people of the vast com- sonable to believe that the Los Angeles munity that has grown up about it. Museum as a growing institution is While records of attendance may be firmly established and assured as an made to mean little or much, it seems enduring, secure and safe place in which there is no better means of gauging the to house for all time the treasures of interest in the activities and the gen- art, history and science intended for the eral use of a public institution. Although benefit and the enjoyment and the ap- records of the attendance in early years preciation of untold millions who will were not complete, sufficient data is at year after year enter its portals. All hand to show that from the first the have faith that succeeding generations Museum has been a popular educational will carry forward the development of and recreational center. One thousand the institution on the broad foundation and sixty responded to cards of invita- laid down in the first quarter century of tion at the first formal reception, on the Museum's history. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 205

Penguin Politics Keyed to Cooperation

By THOMAS R. HENRY in The Melbourne Herald

COOPERATIVE SOCIETY preservation of the species. The same based on the specialization of rivalry is shown for opportunities to labor has been formed among care for the young birds. A the flightless penguins of Ant- Different, but equally notable, is the arctica, according to Dr. Herbert Fried- behavior of the closely related Adelie mann, noted American biologist. By penguins. At first each pair takes care communal consent, the birds have sub- of its own eggs and young. A change divided their daily round, each carrying comes when the chicks are about two weeks old and able to run around. The out a specially allotted task! little ones begin to gather in "child Nurses, playground directors and po- licemen form part of the remarkable so- groups." Each aggregation of chicks is accom- ciety which the flightless penguins have panied by a few adults who seem to developed on the desolate Antarctic ice have the positions of nurses or play- caps. ground directors. The other old birds Evidence of all these, garnered from take to the water, which may be a half accounts of explorers and naturalists, is mile or more away, to find food for cited by Dr. Herbert Friedmann, Smith- themselves and their little ones. sonian Institution biologist, in a resume They return with food for .all the of the social developments of birds just group of little birds with which their issued in Clark University's handbook own offspring are associated. Within of social psychology. such a group the food is divided equally In the scale of evolution the penguins among all the young. So far as is are not highly advanced birds, but the known, however, an adult never brings inhospitality of their habitat apparently anything to any other group. The very has necessitated cooperative behavior existence of the birds under such ad- not met with elsewhere in bird life. verse circumstances probably depends Most remarkable is the "society" of on this specialization of labor whereby the Emperor penguin, which nests on a few are detailed to protect the young, the Antarctic ice caps and must care for leaving all the others free to obtain its eggs and young under the most ad- food. verse climatic conditions. Cock penguins sometimes have fierce One result is a "specialization of la- fights, such as are common among many bird families. But among these alone, bor." Only about one hen penguin in it appears from a description quoted by 10 lays eggs. All the others, male and Dr. Friedmann from an English ex- female, take care of them and of the plorer, is there any effort on the part newly hatched young. In the intense of other birds to stop such a battle Antarctic cold it would be fatal to leave when there is danger that one of the an egg unbrooded for a few minutes, contestants will be injured. On several while the mother went in search of occasions other cocks have been seen to food. push themselves between the fighters As soon as she gives any sign of in an evident effort to separate them. leaving the nest, all the others fight These penguin pugilists fight in a among themselves for a chance to take manner peculiar to themselves, using her place, so intense are the instinctual both bill and flippers. One will try to hold an opponent with the bill and at drives developed among them for the 206 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 the same time strike him with the flip- pers. came to relieve it as long as there were skuas about. When the skuas went, the The remarkable game of "group div- penguins went, too. When the skuas ing" among the Adelie penguins often returned, and without the lapse of a has been described by explorers. A few seconds, a penguin would detach flock will stand on the edge of the ice, itself from the knoll and run to guard like a crowd of small boys at the swim- the heap. That there was some primi- ming hole in spring, each trying to push tive understanding regarding this mat- somebody else in. They seem to take ter seems probable. The rest of the great pleasure in this sport, but it is knoll seemed quite satisfied so long as probable that this is not a game at all. one of their number remained on A dreaded enemy of the birds is the guard." sea leopard, one of the Antarctic spe- cies of seal. If one of these animals is lurking in the water it will probably Penguin Oil; Mysterious Chemist; reveal its presence by seizing the first Derringdo and Devastation on the penguin that takes the plunge. Hence Lone Macquarie Antarctic Islands* the reluctance of all to take the first dive. HAT ARE THE USES of The most hated enemy of the pen- penguin oil? A quarter of a guins is the skua, a species of Antarctic Wcentury ago, hardy New Zea- gull. The adult penguin is more than land fishermen were venturing south a match for the enemy, which, however, to the bleakness of the Macquarie sometimes seizes the helpless young. Islands, winning this strange product The hatred, however, is carried to a for a chemist. An echo of stormy fas- much greater extent than mere resist- cination from those days lingers over ance. As the story is related by one this description of the things they saw Antarctic explorer quoted by Dr. Fried- and the dangers they faced. mann: About a thousand miles southwest "The bitterness of the penguins' of Bluff, in troubled waters well below hatred for the skuas was shown in the the antarctic ice-line, lie the Macquarie neighborhood of our scrap heap. None Islands. They are deserted and rarely of the food thrown on this heap was visited now, save perhaps by some pass- of any use to the penguins, but we ing whaler or South Pole expedition. noticed after a time that almost always Yet twenty-five years ago they were there were one or more penguins there peopled, for six months of each year, keeping guard against the skuas, trying by New Zealanders who worked up a to prevent them from getting the food, fairly extensive and profitable penguin- and never allowing them to light on the oil and sealing industry. heap for more than a few seconds at a Many people have never heard of time. the Macquaries, and few have visited "In fact, a constant feature of this them, for the trip is a dangerous one. heap was the sentry penguin, darting For such an out-of-the-way group, hither and thither, aiming savage pecks these islands lay claim to a heavy list at the skuas, which would rise a yard of wrecks. or two out of reach; the penguin squall- This group is bleak and desolate in ing in its anger at being unable to fol- the extreme. From a distance the main low its enemy. It would imitate the island (which is only a few miles in flying motion with its flippers, seeming extent, and which rises sharply in instinctively to attempt to mount into places to fifteen hundred feet ) appears the air, as its remote ancestors doubt- well wooded, but the closest investiga- less did before their wings had adapted tion reveals only a long, tough, tus- themselves solely to swimming. socky kind of grass which causes this "Close to the scrap heap there was deception. a large knoll crowded with penguin There is not a shrub or tree on any nests, and it was this knoll which pro- one of the islands; but they more than vided the sentries. Very rarely did one make up for their lack of vegetation of these leave the heap until another " Unsigned article in The Fiji Times and Herald. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 207 in other ways, for on these few acres hungry. Once more he is enticed to the there are literally millions of penguins, edge of the cliff. After more bullying, and thousands of albatrosses, seals, sea he finally makes the plunge, for the lions and sea elephants. position is more or less "march, or die!" At first glance one would almost sup- For the first 50 feet he falls all legs pose that all the penguins in the world and wings; then with a wild flutter he had made their homes here, for every stays his downward progress, and flat and table-land is black with them! finally lands on the water with scarcely Seals monopolize all the shores. Ev- a splash. Here he spends the next few ery shelf and ledge of rock on the high, days, feasting royally to make up for jagged cliffs which surround all the isles lost time, and learning from his mother of this group is the home of at least all there is to know about flying. one seal family. And how they manage By far the most numerous inhabitants to climb to some of these seemingly im- of the Macquarie Islands, however, are possible positions is a mystery. There the penguins, and they keep up a deaf- are places where the sea surges 15 or ening clatter from morning till night. 20 feet up and down sheer cliffs, yet on Underneath the penguins' skins are ledges just clear of the flying scud are thick layers of fat, from which the oil perched colonies of seals or sea lions. is extracted, and for many years, in the On the heights of the island the al- latter part of last century and early in batrosses make their homes. They pre- the 1900's, the penguin-oil industry fer fairly flat places from which there caused the lonely Macquaries to be is a sheer drop into the sea. Here on tenanted by men for about six months these elevated plains thousands of al- of each year. batrosses lay their eggs. As soon as Exactly what the oil was used for is the young ones are hatched out they not generally known, for the late Mr. are fed on fish which has been partly Hatch, of Southland, who leased the digested and then regurgitated by the Macquarie Islands from the Tasmanian mother. On this fare the little alba- Government, was a manufacturing trosses soon wax fat, and are quickly chemist, and he used all the oil himself. covered with a rich down, the quality of The cost of fitting out sailing vessels which is far superior to eiderdown. to land the working parties on the is- As soon as the feathers proper begin lands and later to bring them back was to appear, a diet of raw fish is offered, considerable. The oil must have been and the youngsters soon change from valuable—and on several occasions the balls of fluff to long-legged, long- chemist's ships, together with their car- winged young albatrosses. At this stage goes, were lost. they make very good eating, too—bet- Early in October of each year a small ter than chicken, according to the men sailing vessel would leave Bluff Harbor who have spent months on the islands. for the Macquaries with a cargo of oil Into the life of the young albatross casks, wire netting, provisions and fuel, now comes his first trial, for at this and a shore party of seven or eight stage he is forced to learn to swim. men. At that season the winds are The mother bird leads him to the edge usually favorable. The schooner would of the cliff and tries to entice him to make the trip in two or three weeks, plunge over with her. But he is fright- land the shore party, pick up any oil ened, and balks, and after several at- that had been left over from the pre- tempts the mother flies alone in search vious season, and then sail away again, of the daily fish or two. leaving the penguin-catchers marooned Soon she is back, and stands pecking for six months. at a fine fat fish. The young one sidles For the first few days the work con- up to receive his usual share, but in- sisted of putting the plant in order; stantly receives a setback. There is no bringing up casks from the shore, clean- fish for him; not until he'll jump over ing out the digester, mending the races, the cliff and forage for himself! and repairing the shack and cookhouse. For perhaps three or four days this Then the real job of securing the pen- procedure is repeated, and by this time guin oil was commenced. the young albatross is desperately Miniature sheep races and pens were 208 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 used for catching and holding the pen- the weather was at all unsettled, she guins. But when work was first started would creep around and lie under the there was no need to drive them into lee until a chance came of slipping into these, for they were so numerous that the bay, and then the shipping of the they monopolized every foot of ground. oil would be hustled forward, the men Half a dozen or so of these penguin working night and day. Sometimes the races led to a large main pen, which, in wind would come with a sudden bang, turn, opened into the killing race. This and the seas would be mountain high, in gave access to the digester, where the which no small vessel would stand a penguins were melted down to oil. chance. If the anchors didn't hold, the At least two men were employed in game was up! killing the penguins as they came down That was what happened to the the race, and throwing them into the Jessie Nichol in 1910. She had almost digester. Others were kept fully oc- completed loading when she was caught cupied in drawing off the oil into casks, in one of these sudden gales. After and in driving penguins into the races weathering it for three days, her cables and pens. This slaughter was kept up parted and she was driven ashore. Such for several months, by which time most was the fury of the wind and water that of the raw material was either reduced the vessel was thrown several hundred to oil or had fled to the more inacces- yards above the highwater mark. The sible parts of the islands. Attention was captain, mate and cook were drowned, then turned to the seals and sea ele- and the rest of the crew, who were on phants, which also contain a fair amount land with the shore party when the gale of oil. blew up, were marooned until rescued These were cut up and boiled down in by the Government steamer some "trying pots"—huge, overgrown ovens months later. over an open fire built wherever a kill After the Jessie Nichol had been was made. But these creatures would wrecked, a small ketch, the Clyde, was soon become "educated," and after that purchased for the trade, but on her the party would commence to get every- maiden voyage she went ashore in the thing ready for shipping. same manner as the Gratitude and Jes- Winter would now be rapidly ap- sie Nichol. proaching, and the sailing vessel would Then the base of operations was again set out from Bluff to bring back shifted from Bluff to Hobart; but not from the Macquaries the shore party long after this Mr. Hatch died, and the and their catch. strange penguin oil trade of the Mac- If, when the vessel reached the island, quarie Islands died with him.

Balboa Day, September 25 Inaugurated (1913) and Sponsored by the

PAN-PACIFIC UNION

Celebrated annually throughout Pacific countries to commemorate discovery of the Pacific Ocean on September 25, 1513, by Vasco Nunez de Balboa.

Membership in the Pan-Pacific Union

identifies you personally with this splendid celebration. If you are not already a member, send in your application now (see page 227) and receive your membership card forthwith. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 209

Pearling Is Thirsty Business "Dirty Water" or "Tucker Time" brings the doughty divers in to Thursday Island; consequent rousing makes things lively. By HELEN JONES in United Empire Magazine

N SLAND of the South Seas! The As it was Saturday afternoon, the pulses quicken in anticipation of shops were closed. To prove this the A the romance associated through lower halves of the windows were the ages with such favored spots of the boarded up rather in the manner we earth. The approach to Thursday Is- adopt when a building has been gutted land certainly suggests the island of by fire. Peering over the top of these Dreams Come True. boards, we were able to see the amazing After sailing under cloudless blue jumble of goods displayed for sale. skies with sunlight sparkling on waves Tortoise-shell articles of doubtful qual- as far as the eye can see, we are dimly ity, oddments of all sorts intended to aware that the speck on the horizon is attract the souvenir hunter, but so great gradually taking shape. Soon are clearly was the disorder that one felt that so outlined the tall graceful palms swaying much as to move a packet of postcards gently in the breeze, while at their feet would be enough to make the entire lies a white uneven line of cascading window display collapse. The houses spray. Further inland the dense green built at irregular intervals along the vegetation is broken by splashes of vivid sandy roads were equally dilapidated, color and the white European buildings. but this in no way seemed to worry the Surely nowhere could there be found a occupants lounging against the door- more perfect setting for romance. posts or fanning themselves on the ver- andahs, who showed every appearance Slowly the ship slides alongside the of contentment with their lot. jetty to be leisurely secured, while the Standing apart on a little hill was the scattered groups of colored people con- only beautiful building on the island, the tinue to stand about, showing very little Roman Catholic Church. The climb to interest in our arrival. Formalities over this simple structure was well worth on board, passengers are allowed on while, for to sit quietly within its peace- shore. ful walls was to refresh both mind and Leaving the almost deserted wharf body. At the foot of the hill stood a and walking along the main sandy school in charge of the Sister, a delight- street, one is aware that the cool sea ful smiling personality, who had lived breeze has gone, the air is hot and on the island for 17 years, and loved humid, footsteps drag, while thirst is the both it and her work. predominant sensation. The several ho- The school accommodated 130 pupils, tels, which are merely glorified bars.— the white, black, brown and yellow not very glorified at that—did not at- races all being represented. Surely a tract us; instead we found a small shop most difficult task attempting to teach in where a notice was displayed, Home- such a school where the methods used made Lemonade. There we found an must necessarily vary tremendously Englishwoman in charge who gave us with the different races. A difficult but huge slices of homemade cake to eat fascinating job, and there indeed was with the lemonade. Of herself she the right person in the right place. One volunteered no information but listened felt that her enthusiasm and genuine eagerly to every word of our conversa- love of the work would overcome all tion. Talking of our travels, we said we obstacles. The school follows as far as hoped soon to be in England, and the possible the scheme of work laid down wistful expression told plainly that for by the Australian education authorities, her at any rate, this was not the Island and is open to inspection by a Queens- of Dreams Come True. land inspector of schools, who usually 210 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

Count them, milady, let them in fancy run through your dainty fingers, revel in their chaste sheen,for they are dumb beauties and have naught to say of the tragedies connected with their getting.

makes a trip to the island twice a year. be seen easily. When the invasion of Each nationality has its educational the main island by this seven hundred peculiarities; the Cingalese being excep- takes place the hotel bars and streets tionally quick at mental arithmetic, become crowded and noisy. The whole while the Chinese excel in drawing. island wakes up, only to relapse, on Hanging on the walls were drawings their departure, into its usual slow-mov- done by the children which were cer- ing state. tainly of a very high order. Apart from the government officials Surely nowhere else in the world can there are very few whites on the island, be found representatives of so many and one feels that the story of the lives countries in so small a space. Australian of these few would make interesting aboriginals are the true natives and reading, living as they do on an island there are still many of them to be seen whose climate must in time sap the in the streets and on the wharfs. They energies of the strongest. are easily recognized by their almost Our time now up, we made our way unbelievably black skins and mops of to the almost deserted wharf, where curly black hair. The Cingalese and getting our ship under way was the Javanese on the island are mostly leisurely business we had by now learn- traders and shopkeepers. ed to expect on the island. Many of the Chinese and Japanese, Slowly moving away from the jetty, about seven hundred of them, are en- we last saw the island bathed in the gaged in pearl fishing. Most of the time glory of a sunset whose colors enhance they spend on the three hundred-odd all that is beautiful while softening all neighboring islands, only visiting the that disfigures the scene. Thus the main island at tucker time, that is when memory retains a picture of an island it is time to claim their next lot of ra- almost perfect in its natural beauty, tions, or at the time of "dirty water,- interwoven with the strange threads of that is, when the sea is rough and the the human lives being lived on this out- water not clear enough for the shells to post of the British Empire. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 211

Fishes of the American Northwest

A Catalogue of the Fishes of Washington and Oregon, With Distributional Records and a Bibliography

BY LEONARD P. SCHULTZ AND ALLAN C. DELACY School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, U. S. A.

(Fourth installment, continued. Copies of issues containing first, second and third installments, while available, 75 cents a copy, postpaid to any address in the world.,-THE EDITORS.)

Family 86. GOBIESOCIDAE Clingfishes Flattery-Jordan and Gilbert 1882; Jordan and Jouy 1882. Cape Johnson*. La Push*. 346. (2659). CAULARCHUS MAEANDRICUS (Gi- Reef opposite Quillayute Needles*. rard). Clingfish. Suckfish. Lepadogaster reticulatus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Coast of Oregon: Cape Falcon*. Cape Sci. Phila., 7, 1854: 155, San Luis Obispo, Calif.; Foulweather*. Yaquina Head*. E c ol a name preoccupied. Lepadogaster maeandricus Gi- Rocks*. Cape Arago*. rard, Pac. R. R. Surv., 10, Pt. 4, Fishes, 1858: 130, San Luis Obispo, Calif. and the Farallons. Caularchus maeandricus: Jordan and Gilbert Family 87. MOLIDAE Headfishes 1881c, 1881f, 1882; Jordan and Starks 1895; Starks 1896, 1911; Kincaid 1919. Gobiesox maeandricus: 347. (2172). MOLA MOLA (Linnaeus). Ocean Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1892. Gobiesox reticu- latus: Jordan and Gilbert 1882; Jordan and Jouy sunfish. 1882. Tetrodon mola Linneaus, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1758; 334, 412, Mediterranean. RANGE: British Columbia to Pt. Arguello, Cali- Mola mola: Hubbs and Schultz 1929. Orthogoris- fornia. Marine. Common. No commercial cus mola: Kincaid 1919. value. RANGE: Southeastern Alaska southward in RECORDS: Puget Sound Region*: Jordan and temperate and tropical seas of Atlantic and Gilbert 1881c, 1881f, 1882; Eigenmann and Pacific. No commercial value. Eigenmann 1892; Jordan and Starks 1895; RECORDS: Puget Sound Region*: Kincaid 1919. Kincaid 1919. Seattle*. Pt. Ludlow-Starks Coast of Washington: Destruction Is.*- 1896. San Juan Islands*-Starks 1911. Hubbs and Schultz 1929. Coast of Washington: Neah Bay*. Cape Coast of Oregon: Off Yaquina Head*.

ADDENDA TO PART I

During the period in which this catalogue has 24. HYDROLAGUS COLLIEI: Puget Sound*_De been in the process of publication numerous Lacy and Chapman 1935. additional records and papers have come to our attention. We list these below and follow the 25. ACIPENSER TRANSMONTANUS: Columbia R., method of punctuation used in the previous Dalles, Snake R., Kettle Falls, Fort Colville, portions of this catalogue (see the introduction). 46° 19' N. near coast of Oregon-Lord 1866.

3. ENTOSPHENUS TRIDENTATUS: Off Cape 27. CLUPEA PALLASII: San Juan Is.*_Shelford Johnson, Washington, in fur seal stomach*.- et al. 1935. Malletta coerulia: Puget Sound, Schultz and Rafn 1936. Point (=Port) Discovery, Port Townsend,- Lord 1866. 8. APRISTURUS BRUNNEUS: Saratoga Passage*, Off Everett, Washington. - DeLacy and Family 20. SALMONIDAE Tyrell (1916) records salmon at "Spokane House," Chapman 1935. which was 10 mi. below Spokane. 14. SQUALUS SUCKLEYI: Puget Sound*-De- Lacy and Chapman 1935. 32. ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA: San Juan Is.*. -Shelford et al. 1935. 17. RAJA RHINA: Puget Sound* and San Juan Is.*,_DeLacy and Chapman 1935. 34. ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH: S. Fk. Nooksack R.*. San Juan Is.*-Shelford et al 1935. 18. RAJA BINOCULATA: Puget Sound* and San Juan Is.*-DeLacy and Chapman 1935. 35. ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA: Silver Trout. Sil- ver L.*, Whatcom Co. San Juan Is.*-Shel- 23. TETRANARCE CALIFORNICA: Port Susan*, ford et al 1935. Wallowa L.*. Rock Is. and 300 miles N. W. of Cape Flattery*.- Dam*. Salmo paucidens: Osoyoos, Colville DeLacy and Chapman 1935. -Lord 1866. 212 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

36. ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA: Salmo 99. APOCOPE UMATILLA. Rock Is. Dam*. quinnat, Salmo lycaodon: Columbia R., mouth, Sumas, Kettle Falls, Oregon coasts- 108. ALEPISAURUS FEROX: Willapa Bay*. Lord 1866. 110. NOVUMBRA HUBBSI: One half mile south 37. SALMO CLARKII CLARKII: Quinault R.*. Che- of Elma, Washington*. halis R.*. Port Orford L.*, Ore. Matthews Cr.", L. Washington*-Merriman 1935. 114. THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA FLICENSIS: Pu- get Sound, Albatross Station 4213 near Pt. 41. SALMO GAIRDNERII GAIRDNERII: Penny Cr.*. Townsend*-Schultz and Welander 1935. Skookumchuck R.*, at Bucoda. Rock Is. Dam*. Wallowa L.* and Wallowa Cr.*. 115. MICROGADUS PROXIMUS: Albatross Stations Sumas, Columbia R.-Lord 1866. 4218, 4219, 4220 near Pt. Townsend*; Ad- miralty Is. (Whidby Is.)*; Yaquina 46. SALVELINUS FONTINALIS: Penny Cr.*, Wash. Schultz and Welander 1935. Yakima*. 116. GADUS MACROCEPHALUS: Puget Sound*_ 47. SALVELINUS MALMA SPECTABILIS: Wallowa Schultz and Welander 1935. Gadus morhua: Cr.*, Ore. Fario lordii: Skagit Flat-Lord Puget Sound-Berg 1934. Gadus: Cape 1866. Fario stellatus, Salmo spectabilis: Flattery-Lord 1866. Puget Sound drainage -Dwamish, Nesqually, Puyallup", Columbia R.,-Lord 1866. 120. COLUMBIA TRANSMONTANA: Yakima R. ir- rigation canal near Sunnyside*. 48. PROSOPIUM WILLIAMSON!: Humptulips R.*. Coregonus quadrilateralis: Kettle Falls-Lord 1866. Family 40a. LAMPRIDAE. Moonfish 52. THALEICHTHYS PACIFICUS: San Juan Is.*- 121a. ( 1354 ) . LAMPRIS REGIUS (Bonnaterre) . Shelford et al. 1935. Salmo (Mallotus) pa- Opah. Moonfish. cificus, Thaleichthys pacificus: Puget Sound, Zeus regius Bonnaterre, Bncycl. Meth. Ichth. Columbia R.-Lord 1866. 1788: 72, pl. 30. Torbay, England. 57. HYPOMESUS PRETIOSUS: San Juan Is.*_ RANGE: Open seas of Atlantic, north to New- Shelford et al. 1935. Allosmerus attenuatus: foundland, and the Pacific north to off Yaku- San Juan Is.-Shelford et al 1935. Cedar tat*, Alaska (Bell and Kask 1936). Cr.*, (47° 43' N., 124° 25' W.) -Thompson RECORDS: Coast of Washington: 36 miles S. W. and Associates 1936. of Cape Flattery*, 48° 11' N., 125° 36' W., collected in summer 1935 by R. T. Smith, Family 28. CATOSTOMIDAE who reported a large school. Coast of Oregon: 24 miles S., W., off Tyrell (1916) reports "Carp" or "Mullets," which Cape Blanco*, 42° 28' N., 124° 51' W., col- probably were suckers (Catostomus) from "Spokane lected by halibut schooner Tacoma. House." This location is 10 mi. below Spokane, Wash. 123. CITHARICHTHYS STIGMAEUS: Hanning Bay, 67. CATOSTOMUS MACROCHEILLIS: Wallowa L.*. Montague Is., Alaska-Townsend 1935. L. Wash.*_Lynch 1936. 124. ATHERESTHES STOMIAS: 48° 21' N., 124° 68. CATOSTOMUS SYNCHEILUS: Wallowa L.*. 52' W.,-Norman 1934. 78. MYLOCHEILUS CAURINUS: Rock Is. Dam*. 125. HIPPOGLOSSUS STENOLEPIS: Str. of Fuca- L. Washington*_Schultz 1935a. Norman 1934. 78a. ACROCHEILUS ALUTACEUS X MYLOCHEILUS 127. HIPPOGLOSSOIDES ELASSODON: San Juan CAURINUS: Silvies R.*.-Schultz and Schaefer Is.-Wismer and Swanson 1935. Puget Sound 1936. -Norman 1934. 79. PTYCHOCHEILUS OREGONENSIS: Rock Is. 128. EOPSETTA JORDANI: Yaquina Bay-Nor- Dam*. Snake R., at Robinette*. John Day man 1934. R.*, at Dayville. Powder R.*, at Baker. 129. PSETTICHTHYS MELANOSTICTUS: San Juan 82. RICHARDSONIUS BALTEATUS BALTEATUS: Is.-Shelford et al. 1935. Yaquina Bay- Rock Is. Dam*. Skookumchuck R., at Bu- Norman 1934. coda*. Robinette*, Ore. 82a. MYLOCHEILUS CAURINUS X RICHARDSONIUS 131. PLEURONICHTHYS COENOSUS: San Juan Is. BALTEATUS BALTEATUS (=Cheonda cooperi): -Wismer and Swanson 1935. Pleuronichthys Columbia R.*-Schultz and Schaefer 1936. nephelus: San Juan Is.-Norman 1934. 96a. APOCOPE OSCULA CARRINGTON! X RICHARD- 132. PAROPHRYS VETULUS: Puget Sound and SONIUS BALTEATUS HYDROPHLOX: Palouse R. near Seattle-Norman 1934. at Hooper*, at Palouse*, above Colfax*, S. Fk. Palouse R. above Pullman*-Schultz and 133. PLATICHTHYS STELLATUS RUGOSUS: San Schaefer 1936. Juan Is.*_Shelford et al. 1935. Platichthys stellatus: Puget Sound, and Yaquina Bay- 96b. APOCOPE OSCULA CARRINGTON! X RICHARD- Norman 1934. SONIUS BALTEATUS BALTEATUS: Yakima R. near Ellensburg*, Powder R.*, Umatilla R. 134. INOPSETTA ISCHYRA: Puget Sound-Nor- at Rieth*, Latah Cr. near Spokane*,_ man 1933. Seattle, and Holmes Harbor- Schultz and Schaefer 1936. Norman 1934. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 21 3

135. LEPIDOPSETTA BILINEATA: Puget Sound- 234. COTTUS GULOSUS: Elma* and Chehalis Norman 1934. San Juan Is.*-Shelford et al. R.*, Wash. 1935; Wismer and Swanson 1935. 240. COTTUS MARGINATUS: Mill Cr.* above 136. ISOPSETTA ISOLEPIS: Puget Sound-Norman Walla Walla, Wash. 1934. Bellingham Bay*. 242. MYOXOCEPHALUS POLYACANTHOCEPHALUS: San Juan Is.*-Shelford et al. 1935; Wismer 138. MICROSTOMUS PACIFICUS: San Juan Is.*_ and Swanson 1935. Norman 1934; Shelford et al. 1935. 245. OLIGOCOTTUS MACULOSLIS: San Juan Is.*- 139. GLYPTOCEPHALUS ZACHIRUS: 46° 09' N., Shelford et al. 1935. 124° 22' W.-Norman 1934. 251. DASYCOTTUS SETIGER: San Juan Is.*--WiS- 142. GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS ACULEATUS: mer and Swanson 1935. San Juan Is.*-Shelford et al. 1935. 253. ASCELICHTHYS RHODORUS: San Juan 143. GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS MICROCEPHALUS. Shelford et al. 1935. ? Gasterosteus concinnus: Sumas-Lord 1866. Gasterosteus pugettii: Puget Sound-Lord 255. GILBERTIDIA SIGALUTES: San Juan Is.*- 1866. Shelford et al. 1935. 144. AULORHYNCHUS FLAVIDUS. ? Gasterosteus 257. RHAMPHOCOTTUS RICHARDSONI: San Juan spinachia: British Columbia to Oregon-Lord Is.*-Shelford et al. 1935; Wismer and 1866. Swanson 1935. 145. SYNGNATHUS GRISEO-LINEATUS: San Juan 258. HYPSAGONUS QUADRICORNIS: San Juan Is.* Is.-Shelford et al. 1935. -Wismer and Swanson 1935. 146. ATHERINOPS AFFINIS OREGONIA: Tilla- 261. PALLASINA BARBATA AIX: San Juan mook*, Yaquina*, and Coos*, Bays, Ore.- Shelford et al. 1935. Schultz 1933. 265. XENERETMUS TRIACANTHUS: San Juan Is.* -Wismer and Swanson 1935. Family 55a. CARANGIDAE 267. ASTEROTHECA ALASCANA: San Juan Is.*- 157a. (in part 1302). TRACHURUS SYMMETRICUS Shelford et al. 1935. (Ayres). Horse mackerel. 270. ODONTOPYXIS TRISPINOSLIS: San Juan Is.*_ Caranx symnietricus Ayres, Proc. Calif. Acad. Shelford et al. 1935; Wismer and Swanson Nat. Sci., 1, 1855: 62, San Francisco Bay. 1935. Trachurus symmetricus: Hart 1935. 273. EUMICROTREMUS ORBIS: San Juan RANGE: Vancouver Island (Hart 1935) to Gala- Shelford et al, 1935; Wismer and Swanson pagos Islands. 1935. RECORDS: No specimen has been reported from 282. LIPARIS FUCENSIS: San Juan Is.*-Shelford this area although it has been taken 20 miles et al. 1935. off Nootka, Vancouver Island, B.C. (Hart 283. LIPARIS DENNYI. Careliparis dennyi: San 1935), and commonly in California. Juan Is.*-Shelford et al. 1935. 163. EUPOMOTIS GIBBOSUS: Offut L.*, Tenino. 284. LIPARIS PULCHELLUS: San Juan Is.*-Shel- 175. SEBASTODES MELANOPS: San Juan Islands* ford et al. 1935. Shelford et al. 1935. 300. TAENIOTOCA LATERALIS. Sapphire perch: 194. SEBASTODES CAURINUS: San Juan Puget Sound,-Lord 1866. Shelford et al. 1935. 303. RHINOGOBIOPS NICHOLSII: San Juan Is.*_ 195. SEBASTODES MALIGER: San Juan IS.*-,Shel- Wismer and Swanson 1935. ford et al. 1935. 307. CLEVELANDIA 105: San Juan Is.*-Shelford 201. CHIROPSIS DECAGRAMMUS. Hexagrammos et al. 1935. (Chiropsis) decagrammus: San Juan Is.*-Shel- 310. RONQUILUS JORDANI: San Juan Is.*-Shel- ford et al. 1935. ford et al. 1935. 206. OPHIODON ELONGATUS: San Juan 316. PHOLIS ORNATUS: San Juan Is.*_Shelford Shelford et al. 1935. et al. 1935; Wismer and Swanson 1935. 209. CHITONOTUS PUGETENSIS: San Juan 317. PHOLIS LAETUS: San Juan Is.*-Shelford Wismer and Swanson 1935. et al. 1935. 213. ICELINUS BOREALIS: San Juan Is.*-Shel- 320. BRYOSTEMMA DECORATUM: San Juan IS.*- ford et al. 1935; Wismer and Swanson 1935. Shelford et al. 1935. 224. HEMILEPIDOTUS HEMILEPIDOTUS: San Juan 328. LUMPENUS ANGUILLARIS: San Juan IS.*-- Is*._Wismer and Swanson 1935. Shelford et al. 1935. 226. ASPICOTTUS BISON: San Juan Is.*-Shel- 329. LYCONECTES ALEUTENSIS: San Juan Is.*_ ford et al. 1935. Wismer and Swanson 1935. 227. BLEPSIAS CIRRHOSUS: San Juan Is.*.-Shel- 335. LYCODOPSIS PACIFICUS: San Juan Is.*_ ford et al. 1935; Wismer and Swanson 1935. Shelford et al. 1935. 228. NAUTICHTHYS OCULOFASCIATUS: San Juan 338. LYCODES BREVIPES: San Juan Is.*-Shelford IS.*,-Shelford et al. 1935; Wismer and et al. 1935. Swanson 1935. 345. PORICHTHYS NOTATUS: San Juan 2.30. COTTUS ASPER: Bainbridge Is.*. Quilcene R.*. Elma*, Washington. Centridermichthys Shelford et al. 1935. asper: Puget Sound, Sumas,-Lord 1866. 346. CAULARCHUS MAEANDRICUS: San Juan Is.* 231. COTTUS ALEUTICUS: Bainbridge Is.*. Shelford et al. 1935. 214 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

PART II. List of species whose occurrence in Washington and Oregon is doubtful.

NUMBER AND SPECIES REASONS FOR DOUBT 12. LAMNA NASUS We find no published record but it has been reported doubt- fully from this locality by fishermen. 13. CETORHINUS MAXIMUS No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken at Prince Rupert, B. C. 21. RAJA TRACHURA No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken in Alaska and in California. 53. SPIRINCHLIS THALEICHTHYS We find no authentic records for Washington; those given probably were for S. dilatus. Schultz and Chapman (1934) identify the material in the U. S. N. M. from Ore- gon with some uncertainty as S. dilatus. 61. CYCLOTHONE MICRODON It has been reported from "Oregon to Panama" by Jordan, Evermann and Clark (1930), but we are unable to verify the Oregon record. 107. MYCTOPHUM CRENULARE We are unable to verify the occurrence of this species in the Puget Sound region. 111. COLOLABIS SAIRA No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken off Vancouver Island and in California. Footnotes 8 and 9. ELEGINUS GRACILIS (=- NAVAGA) Although Evermann and Goldsborough (1907) give nu- merous records of the occurrence of this species south of the Alaskan Peninsula not one of these is valid as found by Schultz and Welander (1935) in their reexamination of the material in the U. S. N. M. They find the southern records were based on young specimens of Microgadus, Theragra, and Gadus. 117. ANTIMORA MICROLEPIS No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken off the Queen Charlotte Islands in deep water. 137. LIMANDA ASPERA Fowler's (1923) record, "Wharf at Seattle" probably refers to a fish brought in from Alaska. Our extensive collecting indicates the absence of Limanda in this area. 141. PLECTROMUS LUGUBRIS No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken in Bering Sea and in California. 153. BENTHODESMUS ATLANTICUS No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken off Bentinck Island, near Victoria, B. C. 160. MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEU Said to occur in this area but we have not been able to verify its presence. 164. APOMOTIS CYANELLUS Doubtfully reported from southern Oregon. 188. SEBASTODES RUPESTRIS No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken in Alaska and in southern California. 190. SEBASTODES RUBRIVINCTUS No specimen has been reported from this area although it has been taken in British Columbia, and in southern Cali- fornia. 196. SEBASTODES CHRYSOMELAS Although Jordan, Evermann, and Clark (1930) and Wat- ford (1931) give the range from Puget Sound to San Diego, we are unable to verify any record outside of California. Footnote 14. HEXAGRAMMOS OCTOGRAMMUS The record of this species having been taken at Port An- geles should be referred to H. stelleri. Our extensive collecting indicates the absence of H. octogrammus in Puget Sound. Footnote 15. ALCIDEA THOBURNI No specimen has been reported from this area; the Albatross (= PARICELINUS THOBURNI) Station 3350 is in northern California. 223. PTERYGIOCOTTUS MACOUNI No specimen has been reported from this area, the only known specimens were from off Vancouver Island, B. C. 235. COTTUS PUNCTULATUS The record of occurrence of this species in eastern Oregon and Washington by recent authors (Jordan, Evermann, and Clark) probably refers to Cottus beldingii or Cottus gulosus. 235. COTTUS SEMISCABER This species should be considered as a synonym of Cottus punctulatus. The records for this area are with little doubt based on specimens of Cottus beldingii. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 21 5

NUMBER AND SPECIES REASONS FOR DOUBT 259. STELLERINA XYOSTERNA We are unable to verify the Oregon record by Jordan, Evermann, and Clark (1930). 285. NECTOLIPARIS PELAGICUS Not yet reported from this area although it has been taken to the northward and southward. 290. PARALIPARIS DEANI Not yet reported from this area although it has been taken to the northward and southward. 291. PARALIPARIS DACTYLOSUS Not yet reported from this area although it has been taken to the northward and southward. 292. PARALIPARIS ULOCHIR Not yet reported from this area although it has been taken to the northward and southward. 293. RHINOLIPARIS BARBULIFER Not yet reported from this area although it has been taken to the northward and southward. 294. RHINOLIPARIS ATTENUATUS Not yet reported from this area although it has been taken to the northward and southward. 300. EMBIOTOCA JACKSONI This species has been confused with Taeniotoca lateralis and probably all Puget Sound references to Embiotoca jacksoni refer to T. lateralis. 306. QUIETULA Y-CAUDA This species has been taken at Vancouver Island but not within the limits of Washington and Oregon. Footnote 25. ALLOLUMPENUS HYPOCHROMUS One specimen known, taken at Newcastle Island near Na- Hubbs and Schultz (1932a) naimo, B. C. 334. EMBRYX CROTALINUS Not yet recorded from this area but reported from the North Pacific and Santa Barbara Islands. 340. LYCOGRAMMA BRUNNEA Not yet recorded from this area but reported from Alaska and California. 341. BOTHROCARA MOLLIS Not yet recorded from this area but reported from Queen Charlotte Islands and southern California.

PART III. Bibliography AGASSIZ, L. 1855. Synopsis of the Ichthy- ritory and Oregon, May to October, 1881. ological fauna of the Pacific slope of North Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 5, 1882: 89-93. America, chiefly from the collections made 1884. Notes on some fishes collected by by the U. S. Expl. Exped. under the com- James G. Swan in Washington Territory, in- mand of Capt. C. Wilkes, with recent addi- cluding a new species of Macrurus. Proc. tions and comparisons with Eastern types. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, 1883: 362-364. Amer. Jour. Sci. Arts, 2nd ser., 19: 71-99, 1887. Description of a new genus and spe- 215-231. cies of fish, Acrotus willoughbyi from Wash- ALEXANDER, A. B. 1892. Report of fishery ington Territory. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10: expert. Rept. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1888: 631-632. 450-479. 1890. New fishes collected off the coast of AYRES, WILLIAM 0. 1855. [Remarks on fishes Alaska and the adjacent region southward. collected near Cape Flattery, Washington]. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13 (795) : 37-45. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1, 1854-1857: 1894. Bibliography of the Salmonidae of 74, Alaska and adjacent regions. Bull. U. S. Fish BEAN, BARTON A. 1895. Notes on William- Comm., 12, 1892: 39-49. son's whitefish in breeding colors, from Little BEAN, TARLETON H., and BEAN, BARTON A. Spokane River, and remarks on the distri- 1896. Fishes collected at Bering and Copper bution of the species. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Islands by Nicolai A. Grebnitski and Leon- 14, 1894: 205-206. hard Stejneger. Proc U. S. Nat. Mus., 19 1899. Notes on the capture of rare fishes. (1106) : 237-251. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21: 639-640. BELL, F. REWARD, and KASK, JOHN L. 1936. BEAN, B. A., and WEED, A. C. 1920. Notes Lampris regius (Bonnaterre) the Opah or on a collection of fishes from Vancouver moonfish from the North Pacific. Copeia (In Island, B. C. Trans. Royal Soc. Can., Ser. press). III, 13, 1919: 73. BENDIRE, CHARLES EMIL. 1878. Red trout or BEAN, TARLETON H. 1882. Description of new red fish of Oregon and Idaho. Forest and species of fishes (Llranidea marginata, Pota- Stream, 10: 156. mocottus bendirei) and of Mgctophum cren- 1879. The red fish of the northwest. Forest ulare J. and G. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, and Stream, 13: 745. 1881: 26-69. 1882a. A preliminary catalogue of the fishes 1882. Notes on Salmonidae of the Upper 4, 1881: of Alaska and adjacent waters. Proc. U. S. Columbia. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Nat. Mus., 4, 1881: 239-272. 81-87. 1883. Notes on fishes collected by Capt. BERG, LEO S. 1934. tlber die amphiboreale Chas. Bendire, U. S. A., in Washington Ter- (diskontinuierliche) Verbreitung der Meeres- 216 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

fauna in der nordlichen Hemisphere, Zoo- DYMOND, J. R., and VLADYKOV, V. D. 1935. The geophica, 2 (3) : 393-409. distribution and relationships of the salmonoid fishes of North America and North Asia. BURKE, CHARLES VICTOR. 1930. Revision of Proc. 5th Pacific Sci. Congress, 1933: 3741- the fishes of the family Liparidae. U. S. Nat. 3750. Mus., Bull. 150: i-xii, 1-204, figs. 1-110. CANTWELL, GEO. C. 1898. Cruising on Puget EIGENMANN, CARL H. 1892. The Percopsidae Sound. Recreation, 8 (1) : 21-23. on the Pacific Slope. Science, 20: 233-234. CHAPMAN, WILBERT M., and DELACY, ALLAN 1895. Leuciscus balteatus (Richardson), a C. 1933. Notes on the fishes of the State study in variation. Amer. Nat., 29: 10-25. of Washington, Copeia (2) : 102-103. EIGENMANN, CARL H., and BEESON, CHARLES COBB, JOHN N. 1927. Pacific cod fisheries. Rept. H. 1895. A revision of the fishes of the U. S. Comm. Fish., App. VII, 1926: 385-499. subfamily Sebastinae of the Pacific Coast of Bur. Fish. Doc. 1014. America. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 17, 1894: 1930. Pacific salmon fisheries. 4th ed. Rept. 375-407. U. S. Comm. Fish., App. XIII, 1930: 409- EIGENMANN, C. H., and EIGENMANN, R. S. 1892. 704. Bur. Fish. Doc. 1092. A catalogue of the fishes of the Pacific Coast COCKERELL, T. D. A., and MCALLISON, EDITH. of America, north of Cerros Island. Ann. 1909. The scales of some American Cyprini- N. Y. Acad. Sci., 6: 349-358. dae. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22: 157-164. EIGENMANN, CARL H. and ULREY, ALBERT B., COHN, LUDWIG. 1905. -Ober Icosteus enig- (in Eigenmann, Carl H.). 1894. On the maticus Lock. Zool. Anz., 29 (16) : 522-526. viviparous fishes of the Pacific Coast of North America. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 12, COLLINS, J. W. 1892. Rept. on the fisheries 1892: 381-478. of the Pacific Coast of the United States. Rept. U. S. Fish Comm., 16, 1888: 3-269. EIGENMANN, R. S. 1891. Description of a new species of Catostomus (C. rex) from Oregon. COPE, E. D. 1879. The fish of Klammath Amer. Nat., 25: 667-668. Lake, Oregon. Am. Nat., 13: 784-785. 1884. On the fishes of the recent and Plio- EVERMANN, B. W. 1899. The ling and other cene lakes of the western part of the Great fishes of Lake Chelan, Washington. Recrea- Basin, and of the Idaho Pliocene lake. Proc. tion 11: 371-372. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 35, 1883: 134-166. EVERMANN, B. W., and COCKERELL, T. D. A. 1889. The Silver Lake of Oregon and its 1909. Description of three new species of region. Am. Nat., 23: 970-982. cyprinoid fishes. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22: CRAMER, FRANK. 1895. On the cranial char- 185-188. acters of the genus Sebastodes. Proc. Cal. EVERMANN, B. W., and GOLDSBOROUGH, ED- Acad. Sci., 2nd ser., 5: 573-610. MUND L. 1907. The fishes of Alaska. Bull. CRAWFORD, D. R. 1925. Field characteristics U. S. Bur. Fish., 26, 1906: 219-360, 144 figs. identifying young salmonoid fishes in fresh pls. 23 to 42. waters of Washington. Univ. Wash. Pub. EVERMANN, B. W., and LATIMER, H. B. 1910. Fish., 1 (2) : 67-76. On a collection of fishes from the Olympic 1925a. Another record of Alepisaurus. Copeia, Peninsula, together with notes on other West (147) : 73-75. Coast species. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23: 1927. Extension of the range of Cottus aleu- 131-140. ticus. Copeia, (160) : 177-178. 1927a. Records of rare fishes from the North EVERMANN, B. W., and MEEK, SETH EUGENE. Pacific during 1925. Copeia, (160) : 182-184. 1898. A report upon salmon investigations in the Columbia River Basin and elsewhere CREASER, C. W., and Husss, C. L. 1922. A on the Pacific Coast in 1896. Bull. U. S. Fish revision of the Holarctic lampreys. Occ. Comm., 17, 1897: 15-84. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., (120) : 1-14, pl. I. EVERMANN, B. W., and NICHOLS, JOHN T. 1909. DEAN, BASHFORD. 1906. Chimaeroid fishes and Notes on the fishes of Crab Creek, Washing- their development. Publ. Carnegie Inst. ton, with a description of a new species of Wash., (32) : 1-195 pl. and 144 figs. trout. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22: 91-94. 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Phila., 75: 279-283. periment Station Bull. 323: 1-23, figs. 1-15. 1925. Notes on North American cyprinoid DYMOND, J. R. 1928. Another prowfish (Za- fishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 76, 1924: prora silenus) record. Copeia, (169) : 88-89. 389-416. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 217

GARMAN, SAMUEL. 1908. New Plagiostomia 1863b. On the classification of the families and Chismopnea. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., and genera of Squali of California. Proc. 51 (9) : 251-256. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 14, 1862: 483-501. 1913. The Plagiostomia (Sharks, skates, and 1864. Critical remarks on the genera Se- rays). Memoirs Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard bastes and Sebastodes of Ayres. Proc. Acad. College, 36: 1-528. Nat. Sci. Phila. 16: 145-147. GILBERT, CHARLES H. 1889. Description of a 1865. Second contribution to the selachology new species of Bathymaster (B. jordani), of California. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., from Puget Sound and Alaska. Proc. U. S. 16: 147-151. Nat. Mus., 11, 1888: 554. 1882. Bibliography of fishes of the Pacific 1891. A preliminary report on the fishes Coast of the United States to end of 1879. collected by the steamer "Albatross" on the Smith. Misc. Coll., 23: 1-78. Pacific Coast of North America during the 1911. Notes on the structure and habits of year 1889, with descriptions of twelve new the wolf fishes. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 39: genera and ninety-two new species. Proc. 157-187. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, 1890: 49-126. 1892. Descriptions of thirty-four new species GIRARD, CHARLES. 1851. Contributions to the of fishes collected in 1888 and 1889, prin- natural history of the freshwater fishes of cipally among the Santa Barbara Islands and North America. I. A monograph of the cot- in the Gulf of California. Proc. U. S. Nat. toids. Smithson. Contrib. Knowl., 3 (3) : 80 Mus., 14, 1891: 539-566. PP. 3 pls. 1895. The ichthyological collections of the 1856a. Notice upon the viviparous fishes in- steamer "Albatross" during the years 1890 habiting the Pacific Coast of North America, and 1891. Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish., 19, with an enumeration of the species observed. 1893: 393-476. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1854-1855: 318-323. 1897. Descriptions of twenty-two new spe- cies of fishes collected by the steamer "Al- 1856b. Characteristics of some cartilaginous batross", of the United States Fish Commis- fishes of Pacific coast of North America. sion. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, 1896: 437- Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1854-1855: 457. 196-197. 1898. The fishes of the Klamath Basin. Bull. 1857. Report upon fishes collected on the U. S. Fish Comm., 17, 1897: 1-13. survey (In Rept. of Lieut. Henry L. Abbot, upon explorations for a railroad route from 1904. Notes on fishes from the Pacific Coast the Sacramento Valley to the Columbia of North America. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., River, made by Lieut. R. S. Williamson as- Ser. 3, 3: 255-271. sisted by Lieut. Henry L. Abbot). U. S. 1914. Contributions to the life history of Senate Misc. Doc. No. 78, 33rd Congr. 2nd the sockeye salmon (No. 1). Rept. B. C. Sess. Serial No. 763, Part IV, No. 1: 9-34. Comm. Fish., 1913: 53-78. 1857a. Contributions to the ichthyology of 1915. Fishes collected by the U. S. Fisher- the western coast of the United States, ies steamer "Albatross" in southern Cali- from specimens in the Museum of the Smith- fornia in 1904. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 48: sonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 305-380, pls. 14-22. Phila., 8, 1856: 131-137. 1917. On the occurrence of Benthodesmus 1857b. Researches upon the cyprinoid fishes atlanticus Goode and Bean on the coast of inhabiting the fresh waters of the United British Columbia. Smith. Misc. Coll., 66 States west of the Mississippi Valley, from (18) : 1-2. specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonian GILBERT, C. H., and EVERMANN, B. W. 1895. Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, A report upon investigations in the Columbia 1856: 165-213. River Basin, with descriptions of four new 1857c. Notice upon the species of the genus species of fishes. Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. 14, Salmo of authors, observed chiefly in Oregon 1894: 169-204. and California. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., GILBERT, C. H., and THOMPSON, J. C. 1905. 8, 1856: 217-220. Notes on the fishes of Puget Sound. Proc. 1858. Fishes (in Reports of Explorations U. S. Nat. Mus., 28: 973-987. and Surveys, to ascertain the most practic- GILL, THEODORE. 1862. Description of a new able and economical route for a railroad from generic type of blennoids. Proc. Acad. Nat. the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean) Sci. Phila., 13, 1861: 261-263. 33rd Congr. 2nd Sess. Ex. Doc. No. 91, 11 (10, 4) 1854-1855: 1-400. Serial No. 767. 1862a. On a new type of aulostomatoids, Also in U. S. Senate Miscell. Doc. No. 78, found in Washington Territory. Proc. Acad. 1859, 33rd Congr., 2nd Sess., 14: 1-400. Ser. Nat. Sci. Phila., 13, 1861: 168-170. No. 808. 1862b. On the genus Podothecus. Proc. 1858a. Notice upon new genera and new Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 13, 1861: 258-261. species of marine and freshwater fishes from 1863. Descriptions of new species of Alepi- western North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. dosauroidae. 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1884. The flat fishes of the Pa- lationships and history. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. cific coast 184-189 Hist., 38: 409-440. 1884a. The rock cods of the Pacific 262-267 1918a. A revision of the viviparous perches. 1884b. The rock trouts-Chiridae 267-268 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 31: 9-14. 1921. The latitudinal variation in the num- 1884c. The surf-fish family-, ber of vertical fin rays in Leptocottus ar- Embiotocidae 276-279 matus. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 1884d. The salmons of the Pacific 474-479 (94) : 1-7. 1884e. The Dolly Varden trout,- 1925. A revision of the osmerid fishes of the Salvelinus malma 504-505 North Pacific. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38: 1884f. The lesser white-fishes 541-543 49-56. 1926. Descriptions of new genera of cottoid 1884g. The herrings of the Pacific fishes related to Artedius. Occ. Pap. Mus. coast 568-569 Zool. Univ. Mich. (170) : 1-16. 1884h. The sucker f amily-Cato- 1926a. A revision of the fishes of the sub- stomidae 614-615 family Oligocottinae. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. 1884i. The carp f amily- Univ. Mich., (171) : 1-18. Cyprindae 616-618 1926b. The supposed intergradation of the two 1884j. The sharks of the Pacific species of Sebastolobus (a genus of scorpae- coast 675-676 noid fishes) of western America. Am. Mus. McDonald, Marshall (in Goode 1884) Nov., (216) : 1-4. 1927. Notes on the blennoid fishes of wes- 1884. The shad-Oupea sapidis- tern North America. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., sima 594-607 Arts and Letters, 7, 1926: 351-394. Stone, Livingston (in Goode 1884) 1928. A check-list of the marine fishes of 1884. The Quinnat or California Oregon and Washington. Jour. Pan-Pacific salmon-Oncorhynchus Research Inst., 3 (3) : 9-16. chouicha 479-485 HUBBS, CARL L., and SCHULTZ, LEONARD P. GREELEY, ARTHUR WHITE. 1901. Notes on the 1929. Northward occurrence of southern tide-pool fishes of California, with a descrip- forms of marine life along the Pacific coast tion of four new species. Bull. U. S. Fish in 1926. Calif. Fish and Game, 15 (3) : 234- Comm., 19, 1899: 7-20. 241. GREENE, C. W. 1899. The phosphorescent or- 1931. The scientific name of the Columbia gans in the toadfish River Chub. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Porichthys notatus Gi- Mich., (232) : 1-6, 3 figs. rard. Jour. Morph., 15 (3): 667-696. 1932. A new catostomid fish from the Co- GUDGER, E. W. 1934. The largest freshwater lumbia River. Univ. Wash. Pub. Biol. 2 (1) : fishes. The giant sturgeons of the world. 1-14. Natural History 34 (3) : 282-286, 4 figs. 1932a. A new blenny from British Columbia with records of two other fishes new to the GUNTHER, ALBERT. 1860. Catalogue of the region. Contr. Can. Biol. Fish. Ser. A, No. fishes in the British Museum. 22, (25) : 321-324. London. 2: 1-548 1932b. Coitus tubulatus, a new sculpin from 1862. Idem 4: 1-534 Idaho. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 1864. 5: 1-455 (242) : 1-9. 1 866. " 6: 1-368 1933. Descriptions of two new American 1868. " 7: 1-512 species referable to the rockfish genus Se- 1870. " 8: 1-549 bastodes, with notes on related species. Univ. HALKETT, ANDREW. 1913. Check list of the Wash. Publ. Biol., 2 (2) : 15-44. fishes of the Dominion of Canada and New- 1934. The reef liparid fishes inhabiting the foundland. Ottawa (King's printer) 1913: west coast of the United States. Jour. Pan- 1-138. 14 pls. Pacific Research Inst. 9 (4) : 2-7. HALLOCK, CHARLES. 1877. The Sportsman's JOHNSON, SYDNEY E. 1918. Osteology of the Gazetteer and General Guide. Forest and gruntfish, Rhamphocottus richardsoni. Jour. Stream Publishing Co. New York, 688 pp., 3 Morph., 31 (3) : 461-477, pls. 1-4. maps. JOHNSTON, EDWARD C. 1917. Survey of the HAMMOND, J. P. 1887. Fish in Puget Sound. fishing grounds on the coasts of Washington Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 6, 1886: 195-196. and Oregon in 1915. Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish., 1915, App. VI. 20 pp. 3 charts. HART, J. L. 1935. Horse mackerel off British Columbia. Copeia (3) :140. JONES, W. A. 1888. Salmon fisheries of the HEATH, HAROLD. 1910. The association of a Columbia River. 50th Congress, 1st session, 1887-1888, 7 fish with a hydroid. Biol. Bull. 19 (2) : 73- (123) : 15-62. Serial no. 2510. 78. 1888. Jordan, David Starr (in Jones 1888). The salmons of the Pacific, pp. 25-28. HECKEL, J. J. 1840. Ichthyologische Beitraqe zu 1888. Stone, Livingston (in Jones 1888). den Familien der Cottoiden, Scorpaenoiden, The quinnat or Columbia salmon-Oncor- Gobioiden, and Cyprinoiden. Ann. Wiener hynchus chouicha p. 29. Mus. 2: 143-164. JORDAN, DAVID STARR. 1879. Notes on a col- HUBBS, CARL L. 1918. The fishes of the genus lection of fishes from Clackamas River, Ore- Atherinops, their variation, distribution, re- gon. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, 1878: 69-85. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 219

1882. A synopsis of the family Catostomi- Pacific Coast of the United States. Proc. U. dae. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus,, 2 (12) : 97-237. S. Nat. Mus. 3, 1880: 352-355. 1884 to 1884j. (See Goode, G. B. 1884). 1882. Notes on the fishes of the Pacific 1885. The mountain or salmon trout of Ore- coast of the United States. Proc. U. S. Nat. gon. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 5: 310. Mus., 4, 1881: 29-70. 1887. The fisheries of the Pacific Coast. (In the fisheries and fishery industries of the 1882a. Description of Sebastichthys mystinus. United States by G. B. Goode and associates, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, 1881: 70-72. Section II, part 16: 591-629). 1883. Description of a new species of Artedius 1887a. The geographical distribution of fresh- (Artedius fenestralis) from Puget Sound. water food fishes in the several hydrographic Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, 1882: 577-579. basins of the United States. (In the fisheries 1883a. A synopsis of the fishes of North Amer- and fishery industries of the United States by ica. Bull. 16, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882: 1-1018. G. B. Goode and associates, Section III: 1884. Notes on the nomenclature of certain 133-144). North American fishes. Proc. U. S. Nat. 1888. The salmons of the Pacific. (See Mus., 6, 1883: 110-111. Jones 1888). 1894. Description of a new species of cypri- 1887. The salmon fishing and canning inter- noid fish (Couesius greeni) from the head- ests of the Pacific coast. (In the fisheries and waters of the Fraser River in British Colum- fishery industries of the United States by bia. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893: 313- G. B. Goode and associates, Section V, I 314. (13) : 731-753. 1896. Notes on fishes little known or new 1894. Note on the wall-eyed pollack (Polla- to science. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 6: chius chalcogrammus fucensis) of Puget 201-244. Sound. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, 1893: 1896a. 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(1-4) : 1-3313, pls. 1-392. 47 JORDAN, DAVID STARR, and SNYDER, JOHN OT•-• JORDAN, DAVID STARR, EVERMANN, BARTON TERBEIN. 1903. On certain species of fishes WARREN, and CLARK, HOWARD WALTON. confused with Bryostemma polyactocephalum. 1930. Check list of the fishes and fish-like Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, 1902: 613-618. vertebrates of North and Middle America 1909. Description of a new whitefish (Core- north of the northern boundary of Venezuela gonus oregonius) from McKenzie River, Ore- and Colombia. Doc. 1055. Rept. U. S. gon. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 36: 425-430. Comm. Fish., 1928, (2) : 1-670. 1913. Description of the Yachats "smelt", JORDAN, DAVID STARR, and GILBERT, CHARLES a new species of atherinoid fish from Oregon. HENRY. 1881a. Descriptions of two new Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 45: 575-576. species of flounders (Parophrys ischyrus and Hippoglossoides elassodon) from Puget JORDAN, DAVID STARR, and STARKS, EDWIN Sound. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880: 276- CHAPIN. 1895. The fishes of Puget Sound. 280. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 5: 785-855. 1881b. Observations on the salmon of the KENDALL, W. C. 1921. Further observations Pacific. Amer. Nat., 15: 177-186. on Coulter's whitefish, Coregonus coulteri. 1881c. Description of two new species of Copeia, (90) : 1-4. fishes, Ascelichthys rhodorus and Scytalina cerdale, from Neah Bay, Washington Terri- KINCAID, TREVOR. 1919. An annotated list of tory. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880: 264- Puget Sound Fishes. State of Washington, 268. Department of Fisheries, 51 pp. 1881d. Description of a new species of Nem- ichthys (Nemichthys avocetta), from Puget LAY, G. T., and BENNETT, E. T. 1839. Fishes. Sound. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880: The Zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage, pp. 41-75. pls. XV-XXIII. London. 409-410. 1881e. Description of a new species of Para- LEACH, GLEN C. 1925. Artificial propagation lepis (Paralepis coruscans) from the Straits of shad. Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish., 1924: of Juan de Fuca. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 459-486. Bur. Fish. Doc. No. 981. 1880: 411-413. 1933. Propagation and distribution of food 1881f. List of the fishes of the Pacific Coast of fishes, 1932. Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish. Ap- the United States, with a table showing the pendix. IV.: 531-569. distribution of the species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880: 452-458. LINNAEUS, CARL. 1758. Systema naturae sive 1881g. Description of a new species of Noti- regna tria naturae, systematice proposita per danoid shark (Hexanchus corinus) from the classes, ordines, genera et species, cum char- 220 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

acteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, etc. RATHBUN, RICHARD. 1894. Summary of the Editio decima, reformata. 2 vols. Holmiae fishery investigations conducted in the North 1758-1759. 8°. Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea from July 1, LLOYD, LOWELL C., and GUBERLET, JOHN E. 1888, to July 1, 1892, by the U. S. Fish 1932. A new genus and species of Monor- Comm. steamer "Albatross". Bull. U. S. Fish chidae. Jour. Parasit. 18: 232-239. Comm., 12, 1892: 127-201. 1899. A review of the fisheries in the con- LOCKINGTON, W. N. 1880. Description of a tiguous waters of the State of Washington new genus and some new species of Cali- and British Columbia. U. S. Fish Comm. fornia fishes (lcosteus aenigmaticus and Os- Rept. 1899: 251-350, pls. 8-16. merus attenuatus). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880: 63-68. REGAN, C. T. 1909. The species of three-spined sticklebacks. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 8, LORD, JOHN KEAST. 1866. The naturalist in 4: 435-437. Vancouver Island and British Columbia. Richard Bentley, London. 1: 1-358, figs. 2: RICH, WILLIS H. 1935. The biology of the 1-375, figs. Columbia River Salmon. Northwest Sci. 9 (1) : 3-14. LYNCH, JAMES E. 1936. New species of Neoe- chinorhynchus from the western sucker, Ca- RICHARDSON, JOHN. 1836. Fauna Boreali- tostomus macrocheilus Girard. Trans. Amer. Americana; or the zoology of the northern Micro. Soc. 55 (1): 21-43, pls. 4 to 9. parts of British America containing descrip- tions of the objects of natural history col- MCDONALD, MARSHALL. 1884. See Goode, G. lected on the late northern land expeditions, B. 1884. under command of Sir John Franklin, R. N. MCGUIRE, HOLLISTER D. 1896. Third and Pt. 3, Fishes, 24 pls. London. fourth annual reports of the state fish and 1844. Ichthyology. (The zoology of the game protector of the State of Oregon, 1895- voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur under the com- 1896, 115 pp. mand of Captain Sir Edward Belcher during 1898. Fifth and sixth annual reports of the the years 1836-1842). 5 (1-3) : 53-150, 30 state fish and game protector of the State of pls. Oregon, 1897 to 1898, 110 pp. RIDDLE, MATTHEW C. 1917. Early develop- MEEK, SETH E. 1899. Notes on a collection of ment of the chinook salmon. Puget Sound cold-blooded vertebrates from the Olympic Mar. Sta. Publ., 1 (28) : 319-339. Mountains. Pub. 31. Field Columbian Mu- seum, (Zool.) 1 (12); 1897: 225-232. ROUNSEFELL, GEORGE A. 1930. Contribution to the biology of the Pacific herring, Clupea MERRIMAN, DANIEL, 1935. The effect of tem- pallasii, and the condition of the fishery in perature on the development of the eggs and Alaska. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 45, 1929: larvae of the cut-throat trout (Salmo clarkii 227-320. Doc. 1080. clarkii Richardson). Jour. Expt. Biol. 12 (4): 297-305, figs. 1-4. ROUNSEFELL, GEORGE A., and DAHLGREN, E. H. 1933. Tagging experiments on the Pacific MILES, WARD R. 1918. Experiments on the herring, Clupea pallasii. Jour. du Conseil, 8 behavior of some Puget Sound shore fishes (3) : 371-384, figs. 1-6. (Blenniidae). Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta., 1934. Occurrence of mackerel in Alaska. 2 (37) : 79-94. Copeia, (1) : 42. MYERS, GEORGE S. 1932. A new whitefish, Prosopium snyderi, from Crescent Lake, ROUNSEFELL, GEORGE A., and KELEZ, GEORGE Washington. Copeia, (2) : 62-64. B. 1935. Abundance and seasonal occur- rence of the salmon in the Puget Sound NORMAN, J. R. 1933. Notes on the flat-fishes region and the development of the fishery. (Heterosomata).-IV. A synopsis of the U. S. Bur. of Fish. Special Rept. pp. 1-28, genera of the subfamily Pleuronectinae. Ann. 9 tables, 12 figs. (mimeographed). Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, 9: 214-222. 1934. A systematic monograph of the flat- RUTTER, CLOUDSLEY. 1896. Notes on fresh- fishes (Heterosomata), vol. 1. Psettodidae, water fishes of Pacific slope of North Amer- Bothidae, Pleuronectidae. Brit. Mus. Nat. ica. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 6: 245- Hist. i-viii, 1-459, 317 figs. 267. O'MALLEY, HENRY, and RICH, WILLIS H. 1919. SCHMIDT, PETER. 1929. On the Pacific species Migration of adult sockeye salmon in Puget of the genera Microstomus and Glyptocepha- Sound and Fraser River. Rept. U. S. Comm. lus Gottsche. C. R. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, pp. Fish., 1918: 1-38. Bur. Fish. Doc. 873. 363-368. Oregon State Fish and Game Protector. See 1929a. On the subfamily Blepsiinae of the McGuire 1896 and 1898. Pacific. C. R. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, pp. 394- PARR, ALBERT EIDE, 1926. Investigations on the 398. cyclopterini. Bergens Museums Aarbok 1924- 1929b. A revision of the genus Hemilepidotus 25. Naturvidenskabelig raekk nr. 7: 1-31, Cuvier and of the allied genera. Ann. Mus. pl. 1., 6 figs. Zool. Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., pp. 359-369. 1930. On the Pacific halibut. C. R. Acad. POWERS, EDWIN B. 1921. Experiments and ob- Sci. U. S. S. R. Ser. A., 8: 203-208. servations on the behavior of marine fishes toward the hydrogen-ion concentration of the SCHMITT, WALDO L., JOHNSTON, E. C., RANKIN, seawater in relation to their migratory move- E. P., and DRISCOLL, EDWARD. 1915. Survey ments and habitat. Publ. Puget Sound Biol. of the fishing grounds on the coasts of Wash- Sta., 3 (57) : 1-22. ington and Oregon in 1914. Rept. U. S. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 221

Comm. Fish. for 1914. App. VII, 30 pp., Jour. Pan-Pacific Res. Inst., 10 (1): 67-77, 4 1 pl. 2 charts, 1 palter. Doc. No. 817. figs., also in Mid-Pacific Mag. 1935. SCHULTZ, LEONARD P. 1929. Check-list of the SCHULTZ, LEONARD P. and WELANDER. ARTHUR fresh-water fishes of Oregon and Washing- D. 1934. The cottoid genus Hemilepidotus ton. Pub. Fish. Univ. Wash., 2 (4) : 43-50. of the North Pacific. Jour. Pan-Pacific Res. 1929a. Description of a new type of mud- Inst. 9 (2): 5-6. minnow from western Washington with 1935. A review of the cods of the northeast- notes on related species. Pub. Fish. Univ. ern Pacific with comparative notes on related Wash., 2 (6) : 73-82, pls. I, II. species. Copeia, (3) : 127-139, figs. 1-9. 1929b. New records for the quill fish, Ptil- SCOFIELD, N. B. 1929. The northern range of ichthys goodei Bean. Copeia, (171) : 40-41. the albacore. Calif. Fish and Game, 15 (1) : 1929c. The discovery of a remarkable type 71. of mud-minnow in western Washington. SCOFIELD, N. B., and BRYANT, H. C. 1926. Jour. Pan-Pacific Res. Inst., 4 (4) : 12-16. The striped bass in California. Calif. Fish Cottus in 1930. Notes on the species of and Game, 12 (2) : 55-74. western Washington. Copeia (1) : 14-15. 1930a. Miscellaneous observations on fishes SEALE, ALVIN. 1895. List of the fresh-water of Washington. Copeia (4) : 137-140. fishes collected in the vicinity of Seattle, 1930b. The life history of Lampetra planeri Washington by Edwin C. Starks. Proc. Cal. Bloch, with a statistical analysis of the rate Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 5: 852-854. of growth of the larvae from western Wash- 1896. Note on Deltistes, a new genus of ington. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zoo]. Univ. Mich., catostomoid fishes. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (221) : 1-35, figs. 1-9, pls. I, II. Ser. 2, 6: 269. 1931. Hermaphroditism in the striped bass. SHELFORD, V. E., WEESE, A. 0., RICE, L. A., Copeia, (2) : 64. RASMUSSEN, D. I., and MACLEAN, A. 1935. 1931a. Key to the fishes of Washington and Some marine biotic communities of the Pacific Oregon. University Bookstore, Seattle. Coast of North America. Pt. I. General sur- Mimeographed. pp. 1-63, pls. I-III. vey of the communities. Ecol. Monog. 5: 1933. The age and growth of Atherinops af- 279-332, figs. 1-10. finis oregonia Jordan and Snyder and of other subspecies of bay-smelt along the Pacific SMILEY, CHAS. W. 1885. Notes upon fish and S. Fish. Comm., 5 (5) : Coast of the United States. Univ. Wash. the fisheries. Bull. U. Pub. Biol. Ser., 2 (3) : 45-102, figs. A-K, pls. 65-112; 5 (22): 337-352. 3, 4. SMITH, C. J. 1880. Habits of an Oregon sucker. 1935. The species of salmon and trout in Forest and Stream, 15: 129. the northwestern United States. Proc. 5th SMITH, H. M. 1900. Report on the inquiry re- Pacific Sci. Cong., 1933: 3772-3782. specting food fishes and the fishing grounds. 1935a. The spawning habits of the chub, Mylo- Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish., 25, 1899: cxix- cheilus caurinus-a Forage Fish of some cxlvi. value. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc., 65:143-147. SMITH, H. M., and KENDALL, W. C. 1898. SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., and CHAPMAN, WIL- Notes on the extension of the recorded range BERT M. 1934. A new Osmerid fish, Spirinchus of certain fishes of the United States coasts. dilatus, from Puget Sound, Ann. Mag. Nat. Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish., 22, 1896: 169-176. Hist. Ser. 10, 13: 67-78, 2 pls. SMITH, RosA. 1883. Description of a new spe- SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., and DELACY, ALLAN C. cies of Uranidea (Uranidea rhothea) from 1932. The eggs and nesting habits of the Spokane River, Washington Territory. Proc. crested blenny, Anoplarchus. Copeia, (3) : U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, 1882: 347-348. 143-147. SNYDER, JOHN 0. 1905. Critical notes on My- SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., and RAFN, A. M. 1936. locheilus lateralis and Leuciscus caurinus. Stomach contents of fur seals taken off the Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish., 1904: 341-342. coast of Washington. Jour. Mammology. 17 1908a. The fishes of the coastal streams of (1) : 13-15. Oregon and northern California. Bull. U. S. SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., and HANSON, HARRY A. Bur. Fish., 27, 1907: 153-189. 1935. Salmonoid game fishes in the National 1908b. Relationship of the fish fauna of the Forests of Northwestern United States. U. S. lakes of southeastern Oregon. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agriculture. Forest Service. Seattle. Bur. Fish., 27, 1907: 69-102. pp. 1-26, 15 figs. (mimeographed). Also in 1914. The fishes of the streams tributary to Washington Sportsman, July 1935. Monterey Bay, California. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 32, 1912: 47-72. SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., HART, JOHN L., and 1917. Coulter's whitefish. Copeia, (50) : 93- GUNDERSON, FRED J. 1932. New records 94. of marine west coast fishes. Copeia, (2) : 65- 1918. Fishes of the Lahontan system of Ne- 68. vada and northeastern California. Bull. U. S. SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., and SCHAEFER, MILNER Bur. Fish., 35, 1915-1916: 31-86. B. 1936. Descriptions of new intergeneric hy- STARKS, EDWIN CHAPIN. 1896. List of fishes brids between certain cyprinid fishes of north- collected at Port Ludlow, Wash. Proc. Calif. western United States. Proc. Biol. Soc., Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 6: 549-562. Wash., 49: 1-10. 1896a. Description of a new genus and species SCHULTZ, LEONARD P., and Students. 1935. of cottoid fishes from Puget Sound. Proc. The breeding behavior of the little redfish, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 47, 1895: 410-412. Oncorhynchus nerka, a landlocked salmon. 1905. The osteology of Caularchus maeandri- 222 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

cus (Girard). Biol. Bull., 9 (5): 292-303. Comdr. Z. L.4Tanner, U. S. Navy, command- 1911. Results of an ichthyological survey ing. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 8, 1888: 1-95. about the San Juan Islands, Washington. 1892. Report upon the investigations of the Annals Car. Mus., 7: 162-213. United States Fish Commission steamer "Al- STARKS, E. C., and MORRIS, EARL LEONARD. batross" for the year ending June 30, 1889. 1907. The marine fishes of southern Califor- Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish., 16, 1888: 395-450. nia. Univ. Cal. Pub. Zool., 3: 159-252. 1894. Report upon the investigations of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross" STARKS, EDWIN C., and THOMPSON, WILLIAM for the year ending June 30, 1892. Rept. F. 1911. A review of the flounders belonging U. S. Comm. Fish., 18, 1892: 1-64. to the genus Pleuronichthys. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 38:277-287. THOMPSON, WILLIAM F. 1915. A preliminary re- port on the life-history of the halibut. Rept. STEINDACHNER, FRANZ. 1877. Ichthyologische B. C. Comm. Fish., 1914: 76-99. Beitrage (V). Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 74 (1), 1876: 1-190. 1915a. A new fish of the genus Sebastodes 1879. Ichthyologische Beitrage (VII). Sitz. from British Columbia with notes on others. Rept. B. C. Comm. Fish., 1914: 120-122. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 78 (1), 1878: 377-400. 1917. A contribution to the life-history of STONE, LIVINGSTON. 1884. See Goode, G. B. the Pacific herring: its bearing on the condi- 1884. tion and future of the fishery. Rept. B. C. 1888. See Jones, W. A. 1888. Comm. Fish., 1916: 39-87. 1889. Best season for packing salmon on the THOMPSON, WILLIAM F., and Associates (Bell, Pacific Coast. Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 7, 1887: 65-66. F. H., Dunlop, H. A., Schultz, L. P., and Van Cleve, R.). 1936. The spawning of the silver STORER, D. H. 1846. A synopsis of the fishes Smelt, Hypomesus pretiosus. Ecology 17 (1): of North America. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts. 158-168, 2 figs. Sci., Boston, 2: 253-550. THOMPSON, WILLIAM F., DUNLOP, HARRY A., SUCKLEY, G. 1860. Rept. explorations and and BELL, F. HEWARD. 1931. Biological sta- survey . . . from the Mississippi River to the tistics of the Pacific halibut fishery (1) Pacific Ocean 1853-1855. Zool. Rept. Wash- Changes in yield of a standardized unit of ington, 36th Congress, 1st Session, 12 (2) : gear. Rept. Intern. Fish. Comm. (6) : 1-108. 302-368. 1862. Descriptions of several new species of THOMPSON, WILLIAM F., and FREEMAN, NOR- Salmonidae from the northwest coast of MAN L. 1930. History of the Pacific halibut 1858: 1-10. fishery. Rept. Intern. Fish Comm. (5): 1-61. America. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 7, THORNTON, J. QUINN. 1849. Oregon and Cali- 1862a. Notices of certain new species of fornia in 1848. 2 vols. New York: Harper North American Salmonidae, chiefly in the and Brothers. collection of the Northwest Boundary Com- mission. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 7: 306- TOWNSEND, LAWRENCE D. 1935. Notes on Citha- 313. richthys sordidus and Citharichthys stig- 1874. On the North American species of maeus with an extension of range. Copeia, salmon and trout. Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish. (4): 193. for 1872 and 1873 (1874): 91-160. TYRELL, J. B. (Editor) 1916. David Thompson's SWAIN, JOSEPH. 1883. Review of the Syn- narrative of his explorations in Western gnathinae of the United States, with a de- America 1784-1812. The Champlain Society, scription of one new species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Toronto. pp. i-xcviii, 1-582, maps. Mus., 5, 1882: 307-315. VILLADOLID, D. V. 1927. The rediscovery of SWAN, JAMES G. 1857. The northwest coast: Inopsetta ischyra, a rare species of flounder. or three years' residence in Washington Ter- Ann. Cam. Mus., 17 (3-4): 395-397. ritory. New York: Harper 6 Brothers, 435 pp. WALES, JOSEPH H. 1932. Report on two col- 1881. The surf smelt of the northwest coast, lections of Lower California marine fishes. and the method of taking them by the Quille- Copeia, (4): 163-168. hute Indians, west coast of Washington Ter- ritory. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880: 43- WALFORD, LIONEL A. 1931. Handbook of 46. common commercial and game fishes of Cali- 1881a. The eulachon or candle-fish of the fornia. Div. Fish and Game of California, northwest coast. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, Fish Bull. (28): 1-181, 137 figs. 1880: 257-264. 1883. Shad in Puget Sound. Bull. U. S. WARD, H. B. 1921. Some of the factors con- Fish Comm., 2, 1882: 152. trolling the migration and spawning of the 1885. Report on black cod of the North Pa- Alaska red salmon. Ecology, 2 (4) : 235-253. cific Ocean. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 5: 225- 1927. The influence of a power dam in mod- 234. ifying conditions affecting the migration of the salmon. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 13 (12): 1887. Codfish on the Pacific Coast. Bull. 827-833. U. S. Fish Comm., 6 (9), 1886: 131, 141. 1929. Further studies on the influence of a TANNER, Z. L. 1890. Explorations of the fish- power dam in modifying conditions affecting ing grounds of Alaska, Washington Terri- the migration of the salmon. Proc. Nat. tory, and Oregon, during 1888, by the U. S. Acad. Sci., 15 (1): 56-62. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross," Lieut. 1930. Some responses of sockeye salmon to MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 2 23

environmental influence during fresh-water Bretherton. Rept. State Biologist, July 1900. migration. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, 6: App. D. 1st Biennial Rept. 21st Legislative 18-36. Assembly, 1901: 3-9, pls. I-IV. 1932. The origin of the landlocked habit in WISMER, N. M., and SWANSON, J. H. 1935. salmon. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 18 (9) : 569- 580. Some marine biotic communities of the Pacific Coast of North America. Pt. II. A study of WASHBURN, F. L. 1901. A contribution to the communities of a restricted area of soft our knowledge of the food fishes of the Ore- bottom in San Juan Channel. Ecol. Monog. gon coast from specimens collected by B. J. 5: 333-354, figs. 11-15.

Part IV. Index to Scientific Names of Fishes

Key to index numbers. Family numbers are SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS in boldface type, as 14. Species numbers are Alepocephalidae 19 in Roman type, as 14. All numbers in paren- aleutensis, Lyconectes 329, (329) theses, as (14), refer to the addenda. All num- aleuticus, Cottus 231, (231) bers in italics refer to the list of species in Algansea bicolor 87 Part II. formosa 88 SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS obesa 86 Allocottus embryum 248 Abramis balteatus 82 Allolumpenus hypochromus lateralis 82 79, Ft. 25 Allosmerus attenuatus 56, (57) (Abramis) balteatus, Cyprinus 82 Alopias vulpes Acanthias suckleyi 14 11 vulpinus 11 acanthias, Squalus 14 Alopiidae 7 Acanthocottus polyacanthocephalus 242 Alosa sapidissima polyacanthocottus 28 242 altivelis Sebastolobus prof undorum 252 170 Trachypterus 121 Acipenser acutirostris 25, 26 alutacea, Lavinia 77 medirostris 26 alutaceus, Acrocheilus 77, 78, (78a) transmontanus 25, (25) alutus, Sebastichthys 16 181 Acipenseridae Sebastodes 181 acipenserinus, Agonus 262 Ameiuridae Podothecus 262 30 Acrocheilus alutaceus 77, 78, (78a) Ameiurus melas 30, Ft. 7 nebulosus acrolepis, Macrurus 112 100 Acrotidae 55 Ammocoetes cibarius 3, 5 Acrotus willoughbyi 157 plumbeus 5 aculeatus aculeatus, Gasterosteus 142, (142) tridentatus 3 Gasterosteus 142 Ammodytes personatus 309 microcephalus, Gasterosteus____142, 143, (143) tobianus 309 (aculeatus) cataphractus, Gasterosteus 142 personatus 309 serratus, Gasterosteus 142 (Tobianus) personatus 309 acuticeps, Oligocottus 247 Ammodytidae 74 Oxycottus 247 Amphistichus argenteus 299 acutirostris, Acipenser 25, 26 Anarrhichthyidae 81 aenigmaticus, Icosteus 156 Anarrhichthys felis 332 affinis affinis, Atherinops 146 ocellatus 332 oregonia, Atherinops 146, (146) anguillaris, Blennius 328 aggregatum, Ditrema 295 Lumpenus 328, (328) aggregates, Cymatogaster 295 Stichaeus 328 Micrometrus 295 annularis, Pomoxis 165 Agonidae 68 Anoplagonus inermis 272 Agonus acipenserinus 262 Anoplarchus alectrolophus 321 Agosia falcata 98 atropurpureus 321 klamathensis 97 purpurescens 321 nubila 95, 96 Anoplopoma fimbria 199 umatilla 99 Anoplopomidae 62 aix, Pallasina 261 Antimora microlepis 117, 117 Pallasina barbata 261, (261) Aplites salmoides 159 alalunga, Germo 151 Apocope carringtoni 96 Scomber 151 falcata 98 alascana, Asterotheca 267, (267) klamathensis 97 alascanus, Sebastolobus 171 nubila 95 Xenochirus 267 carringtoni 96 alaskanus, Xeneretmus 267 oscula carringtoni 96, (96a, 96b) Albatrossia pectoralis 113 nubila 95 Alburnus balteatus 82 umatilla 99, (99) Alcidea thoburni Ft. 15 vulnerata 96 alectrolophus, Anoplarchus 321 Apodichthys flavidus 314 Alepidosaurus borealis 108 fucorum 315 (Caulopus) borealis 108 inornatus 314 Alepisauridae 33 Apomotis cyanellus 164, 164 Alepisaurus ferox 108, (108) Apristurus brunneus 8, (8)

224 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS Arctozenus coruscans 101 balteatus, Richardsonius 82, (82, 82a, 96b) arcuatum, Ditrema 298 Cyprinus (Abramis) 82 argentea, Sphyraena 148 hydrophlox, Richardsonius 83, (96a) argenteum, Hyperprosopon 298 Leuciscus 82 argenteus, Amphistichus 299 Richardsonius 82 Argentina pretiosa 57 barbata aix, Pallasina (261) Argentinidae 23 Pallasina 261 Argyreus dulcis 93 barbatus, Siphagonus 261 nubilus 95 barbulifer, Rhinoliparis 293, 293 argyreus, Fario 36 bathoecetor, Salmo 37 Salmo 36 Bathyagonus nigripinnis 264 argyrosomus, Damalichthys 302 Bathylagus pacificus 59 armatus armatus, Leptocottus 244 Bathymaster jordani 310 Centridermichthys 244 signatus 310 Leptocottus 244 Bathymasteridae 75 Artedius asperulus 214 Bathytroctes stomias 31 fenestralis 214 Batrachoididae 85 lateralis 217 batrachops, Catostomus 70 notospilotus 215 Bdellostoma stoutii 1 pugetensis 209 beani, Triglops 221 Ascelichthys rhodorus 253, (253) beardsleei, Salmo 39 Asemichthys taylori 66, Ft. 16 Salmo gairdneri 40 asper, Centridermichthys 230, (230) beldingii, Cottus 235, 236 Cottopsis 230 bendirei, Cottus 239 Cottus 230, (230) Potamocottus 239 Hexagrammos 64, 202 Benthodesmus atlanticus 153, 153 Pleuronectes 137 beringianus, Cyclogaster (Neoliparis) 276 aspera, Limanda 137, 137 Polypera 276 asperulus, Artedius 214 bicolor, Algansea 87 bicolor, Siphateles Aspicottus bison 226, (226) 87 columbianus, Siphateles Aspidophoroides inermis 89 272 formosus, Siphateles Aspidophorus quadricornis 88 258 Leuciscus 82, 84 asprellus, Radulinus 220 obesus, Siphateles 86 Asterotheca alascana 267, (267) oregonensis, Siphateles 90 infraspinata 268 Rutilus 87 pentacantha 266 Siphateles 87 astori, Ichthyomyzon 3 Tigoma 84 Petromyzon 3 bilineata, Lepidopsetta 134, 135, (135) Astrolytes fenestralis 214 Platessa 135 Atheresthes stomias 124, (124) binoculata, Raia 47 18 Atherinidae Raja 18, (18) Atherinops affinis affinis 146 bison, Aspicottus 226, (226) affinis oregonia 146, (146) Enophrys 226 Atherinopsis californicus 147 Blennicottus globiceps 250 californiensis californiensis 147 globiceps bryosus 250 atlanticus, Benthodesmus 153, 153 Blennius anguillaris Atractoscion nobilis 168 328 Blepsias cirrhosus 227, (227) atropurpureum, Ophidium 324 cirrhosus typica 227 atropurpureus, Anoplarchus 321 oculofasciatus 228 Epigeichthys 324 boleoides, Radulinus 219 attenuatus, Allosmerus 56, (57) borealis, Alepidosaurus Osmerus 56, 57 108 Alepidosaurus (Caulopus) 108 Rhinoliparis 294, 294 Icelinus Auctospina auriculatus 193 213, (213) Notorhynchus 7 dalli 193 Oligocottus Aulorhynchidae 45 245 Plagyodus 108 Aulorhynchus flavidus 144, (144) Bothidae auratus, Carassius 76 41 Cyprinus 76 Bothrag onus swanii 271 auriculatus, Auctospina 193 Bothrocara mollis 341, 341 dalli, Sebastodes 193 remigera 342 Sebastes 193 bouvieri, Salmo purpuratus 37 Sebastichthys 193 Brachyistius frenatus 296 Sebastodes 193 Brachyopsis verrucosus 260 aurora, Fario 35 xyosternus 259 Salmo 35 Brama raii 154 Averruncus emmelane 263 raji 154 avocetta, Nemichthys 62 Bramidae 52 axinophrys, Xystes 263 brevicauda, Salmo 37 Axyrias harringtoni 216 brevipes, Lycodes 338, (338) bairdii, Salmo 47 brevirostris, Chasmistes 71 balteatus, Abramis 82 Cololabis I 1 1 Alburnus 82 Lipomyzon 71 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 225

SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS Brosmius marginatus 344 Mylocheilus 78, (78, 78a, 82a) Brosmophycis marginatus 344 Pteropodus 194 Brotulidae 84 Sebastes 194 brunnea, Lycogramma 340, 340 Sebastichthys 194 Maynea 340 Sebastodes 194, (194) brunneus, Apristurus 8, (8) Cebidichthys violaceus 314, 321 Catulus 8 Centrarchidae 57 Bryostemma decoratum 320, (320) Centridermichthys armatus 244 nugator 319 asper 230, (230) polyactocephalum 320 maculosus 245 bryosus, Blennicottus globiceps 250 Centronotus laetus 317 burchami, Icelinus 212 nebulosus 316 caerulea, Cheonda 84 cephalus, Paraliparis 288 Meletta 29 cerdale, Scytalina 333 Sardinia 29 Scytaliscus 333 Sardinops 29 Cetorhinidae 9 caeruleus, Clupanodon 29 Cetorhinus maximus 13, 13 Squalius 84 Chaenobryttus gulosus 161 californica, Squatina 16 chalcogramma fucensis, Theragra 114, (114) Tetranarce 23, (23) chalcogrammus fucensis, Pollachius 114 Torpedo 23 Pollachius 114 californicus, Atherinopsis 147 Chasmistes brevirostris 71 californiense, Myctophum 106 copei 73 californiensis, Atherinopsis 147 luxatus 74 Atherinopsis californiensis 147 stomias 72 Siphostoma 145 Chaulidontidae 25 callarias, Gadus 116 Chauliodus macouni 60 callyodon, Cyclopterus 280 Cheonda caerulea 84 Liparis 280 cooperi 82, (82a) Neoliparis 280 chilensis, Pelamys 150 Calycilepidotus spinosus 225 Sarda 150 campbelli, Salmo 47 Chimaera colliei 24 canis, Salmo 33 Chimaeridae 15 (55a) Carangidae Chirolophus polyactocephalus 320 Caranx symmetricus (157a) Chiropsis decagrammus Carassius auratus 76 201, (201) guttatus 9 201 Carcharhinus glaucus nebulosus Carchariidae 5 202 Chirus hexagrammus Careliparis dennyi (283) 202 nebulosus Careproctus cypselurus 287 202 chirus chirus, Phytichthys melanurus 286 325 Xiphister carpio, Cyprinus 75 325 Xiphistes carringtoni, Apocope 96 325 Chitonotus pug etensis 209 (209) Apocope nubila 96 chouicha, Oncorhynchus oscula 36 96, (96a, 96b) chrysomelas, Sebastichthys 142 196 cataphractus, Gasterosteus Sebastodes Gasterosteus (aculeatus) 142 196, 196 cibaria, Lampetra cataractae dulcis, Rhinichthys 93 5 cibarius, Ammocoetes Catostomidae 28 3, 5 Catostomus batrachops 70 cirrhosus, Blepsias 227, (227) catostomus 68 Trachinus 227 g riseus 68 typica, Blepsias 227 discobolus 68 Citharichthys sordidus 122 labiatus 64, 65 stigmaeus 123, (123) longirostris 67 clarkii clarkii, Salmo 37, (37) macrocheilus 67, (67) crescentis, Salmo 39 microps 66 declivifrons, Salmo 37 occidentalis 64 Fario 37 lacus-anserinus 64 jordani, Salmo 37 rex 74 lewisi, Salmo 38 rimiculus 69 Salmo 37 snyderi 65 Clarkina caurina 78 syncheilus 68, (68) clavilatus, Sebastodes 179 tahoensis 70 Clevelandia ios 307 (307) tsiltcoosensis 67 longipinne 307 warnerensis 70 Clinidae 77 catostomus, Catostomus 68 Clinostomus hydrophlox 83 Catulus brunneus 8 Clinus maculatus 327 Caularchus maeandricus 346, (346) Clupanodon caeruleus 29 (Caulopus) borealis, Alepidosaurus 108 Clupea mirabilis 27 caurina, Clarkina 78 pallasii 27 (27) caurinus, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) 78 sapidissima 28 Leuciscus 78 Clupeidae 17 Leucosomus 78 coenosus, Pleuronichthys 131, (131)

226 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS SPECIES AND FAMILY NUMBERS coerulia, Malletta ( 27) cyclopus, Cyclogaster 281 colliei, Chimaera 24 Liparis 281 Hydrolagus 24, (24) Cyclothone microdon 61, 61 Cololabis brevirostris 111 Cymatogaster aggregatus 295 saira 111, 111 ellipticus 297 Columbia transmontana 120, (120) Cynicoglossus pacificus 138 columbianus, Rutilus 89 Cynoscion nobilis 168 Sebastodes 174 Cyprinidae 29 Siphateles bicolor 89 Cyprinus (Abramis) balteatus 82 concinnus, Gasterosteus (143) auratus 76 confluentus, Salmo 36 carpio 75 cooperi, Cheonda 82, (82a) ( Leuciscus) caurinus 78 Leuciscus 82 oregonensis 79 Raia 18 tinca 91 Salmo 35 cypselurus, Careproctus 287 copei, Chasmistes 73 Prognurus 287 Coregonidae 21 dactylosus, Paraliparis 291, 291 Coregonus coulteri 49 dalli, Auctospina 193 oregonius 51 Sebastodes auriculatus 193 quadrilateralis (48) Damalichthys argyrosomus 302 williamsoni 48 vacca 302 corinus, Hexanchus 6 Dasycottus setiger 251, ( 251 ) coruscans, Arctozenus 101 deani, Paraliparis 290, 290 Paralepis 101 Polistotrema 2 Coryphaenoididae 37 Sebastodes 191 Cottidae 66 decagrammus, Chiropsis 201, (201) Cottopsis asper 230 Hex ag rammos 201 gulosus 234 ( Chiropsis) (201) semiscaber 235 Labrax 201 Cottus aleuticus 231, ( 231) declivifrons, Salmo clarkii 37 asper 230, ( 230) decoratum, Bryostemma 320, ( 320) beldingii 235, 236 decurrens, Pleuronichthys 130 bendirei 239 Delolepis gig anteus 330 evermanni 232 virgatus 330 gulosus 234, ( 234 ), 235 Deltistes luxatus 74 hemilepidotus 224 dennyi, Liparis 283, ( 283) klamathensis 237 Dialarchus snyderi 246 marginatus 240, (240) Diaphus rafinesquei 105 microstomus 230 theta 105 perplexus 234 diapterus, Furcimanus 339 philonips 230, 236 Lycodes 339 polyacanthocephalus 242 diego, Pneumatophorus 149 princeps 238 Scomber 149 punctulatus 235, 235, 236, 239 dilatus, Spirinchus 53, 53, 54 rhotheus 233 diploproa, Sebastichthys 185 semiscaber 235 Sebastodes 185 tenuis 241 discobolus, Catostomus 68 coulteri, Coregonus 49 Ditrema aggregatum 295 Prosopium 49 arcuatum 298 crameri, Hybopsis 92 jacksoni 297, 300 Oregonichthys 92 laterale 300 Sebastodes 184 dolomieu, Micropterus 160, 160 crenulare, Myctophum 107, 107 dulcis, Argyreus 93 crenularis, Tarletonbeania 107 Rhinichthys cataractae 93 crescentis, Salmo 39 Rhinichthys 93 Salmo clarkii 39 Echeneidae Salmo gairdneri 73 39 Echeneis naucrates cristiceps, Melamphaes 308 140 remora Plectromus 140 308 elassodon, Hippoglossoides 127, (127) Cristivomer namaycush 45 elegans montereyensis, Gibbonsia 312 crotalinus, Embryx 334 Eleginus navaga 114, 115 Lycodopsis 334, 334 gracilis 114, 115, Ft. 8, 9 cyanellus, Apomotis 164, 164 ellipticus, Cymatogaster 297 Lepomis 164 Tocichthys 297 Cyclogaster cyclopus 281 elongatus, Ophiodon 206, (206) ( Neoliparis) beringianus 276 Sebastes 192 pulchella 284 Sebastodes 192 Cyclopteridae 69 Embiotoca jacksoni 297, 300, 300 Cyclopterus callyodon 280 lateralis 300 orbis 273 perspicabilis 300 (To be continued through all issues in 1936) MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 Page A-1

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Resident membership in the PAN-PACIFIC UNION, and enclose I hereby apply for j Non-Resident Sustaining years } including subscription to (check, draft, money order) in payment of fees for life Fees: Resident, annual $7.00; Life, $200.00. Non-resident, annual $3.50; the MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE. Life $100.00. Sustaining, annual $10.00; Life $300.00.

NAME

ADDRESS The World's Finest

For 85 years, serving quality Channel Service bakery products at a price com- mensurate with standard quality. Linking the entire group of Hawaiian Islands by Plane or Steamer INTER-ISLAND STEAM NAV. CO., LTD. and BISCUIT AND BREAD COMPANY HONOLULU, HAWAII INTER-ISLAND Since 1851 AIRWAYS, LTD.

General Traffic Agents for Pan-American Air- ways, United Air Line and American Airways. Reservations and tickets on any air line in the world are obtainable at our offices. HAWAII M EAT Call, Write or Phone 2941 COMPANY, LTD. HONOLULU - - HAWAII Kaahumanu and Merchant Sts. EASTMAN KODAK STORE Honolulu, Hawaii 1059 Fort Street And on the Beach at Waikiki 2401 Kalakaua Avenue Wholesale Meat and HONOLULU, HAWAII Kodak Supplies—Hawaiian Curios Provision Dealers

Supply finest quality Island meats all Federally inspected at the most modern and sanitary plant in the W. A. Ramsay, Ltd. Hawaiian Islands. Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Machinery and Mill Supplies FORT AND QUEEN STREETS MEAT is man's food and Hawaii HONOLULU, HAWAII, U.S.A. produces finest in the world.

McCABE, HAMILTON AND RENNY CO., LTD. 20 South Queen Street HONOLULU, HAWAII Only Commercial Stevedoring Firm in the Territory Established 1900

Modern equipment. Quick and efficient loading and unloading of vessels in Honolulu

FOR over a third of a century DAIRYMEN'S has brought safe pure milk, from smiling meadow- lands to your doorstep—and made delicious, nourishing ice cream for little folks to eat. DAIRYMEN'S is in business to bring Health and Happiness to little children. HALEKULANI HOTEL HONOLULU DAIRYMEN'S and BUNGALOWS ASSOCIATION, LIMITED At Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii HONOLULU, HAWAII Owned and Operated by CLIFFORD KIMBALL

AETNA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY and its Affiliated Companies

Writing Every Form of Insurance

THE B. F. DILLINGHAM CO., LTD. AGENTS Dillingham Transportation Bldg. HONOLULU, HAWAII

'GUMP'S

The finest arts of the East and the West meet logically in a beautiful setting here in the Heart of the Pacific— yours to enjoy or possess. A visit to Gump's will be a memorable pleasure.

S. & G. GUMP COMPANY

OPP. ROYAL HAWAIIAN HOTEL

2206 KALAKAUA ... HONOLULU Page A-4 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936

4,0

"S" Books About Hawaii • VANCOUVER SEATTLE C") PORTLAND OKO HAMA SAx ERANCISCO LOS ALL ABOUT HAWAII SAN DIEGO Q. SH ANGHAI Standard guide book, with history of OFG KOND"---'\ "›. Hawaii from legendary past to date HONOLULU MANILA and chronological information on every phase of culture, commerce, government, agriculture, Army and ■ Navy. 224 pp., 57 illustrations, maps of the four principal islands (Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii). Handy pocket- size book, retails $1.00. Postpaid to Gs any address, $1.15.

BRISBA HAWAII AS THE CAMERA (/ Cs rrsr SEES IT

14 A Size 10"x 13", 104 pp., 180 illustra- tions. Includes brief history of Ha- waii's past and present, facts and fig- egIgillgeMiregp4. ww.014,4400,1„.. ures for ready references. Retails 12.)(101.VIIIIMAAL. 75c. Postpaid to any address, $1.00. 411- BANK OF HAWAII For Sale at all Bookstores, Newsstands, Hotels, Drugstores Honolulu, Hawaii and Curio Stores ASSETS OVER $50,000,000 Geographically Situated for Or the Clearing House of the Clo PACIFIC AREA. HONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN Publishers 140:1113E-i,.....'1,1HI%.ZO),:p-o-o-o-o-o-oi.15.e,1"111I'Mi4._ Mit; HONOLULU, HAWAII, U. S. A.

AMERICAN CAFE 174 South King St. ROYAL HAWAIIAN HONOLULU, HAWAII HOTEL U. TAKARA, Manager On Waikiki's Famous Beach

MOANA-SEASIDE HOTEL AND BUNGALOWS CITY MILL (Nearby the Royal Hawaiian) COMPANY, LTD. * 660 Prison Road WAIALAE GOLF CLUB HONOLULU, HAWAII (Ten min. by motor from Hotels)

Reservations, Rates, etc., may be ob- tained through an authorized Steam- Established 1899 ship, Railroad or Travel Agent, or by writing direct to:

Dealers in Lumber, Hardware, etc. ARTHUR BENAGLIA, Rice and Planing Mill Managing Director BUILDERS HAWAIIAN HOTELS, LTD. Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 Page A-5

BREWER AND COMPANY, LIMITED, Hono- Hakalau Plantation Company, Honolulu Plan- C• lulu, with a capital stock of $8,000,000, tation Company, Hawaiian Agricultural Com- was established in 1826. It represents the fol- pany, Kilauea Sugar Plantation Company, Paa- lowing Sugar Plantations: Hilo Sugar Com- uhau Sugar Plantation Company, Hutchinson pany, Onomea Sugar Company, Honomu Sugar Sugar Plantation Company, as well as the Company, Wailuku Sugar Company, Pepeekeo Baldwin Locomotive Works and Kapapala Sugar Company, Waimanalo Sugar Company, Ranch. Agents for all forms of insurance.

CITY TRANSFER CO., LTD. H. J. ANCILL, MANAGER

Moving-Shipping-Storage Fumigating Gifts Packed and Shipped Cold Storage Department to All Parts of the World for Furs, Clothing, etc. Agents Everywhere

702 FORT STREET, MALOLO DOCK PHONES 1281 AND 3579 HONOLULU, HAWAII

It's Better J. W. PODMORE & SONS All-Ways 77 South Queen Street ICE HONOLULU, HAWAII CREAM Wholesale and Commission Merchants SERVICE COLD STORAGE CO., LTD. Honolulu, Hawaii

(Zile cNipplt 71iji Leading Japanese Newspaper in Hawaii Published in Japanese and English every afternoon except Sundays and holidays at 920 Nuuanu Street, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. Founded in 1895 (41st Year) Page A-6 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 d4auyaii . . . When we should live together in a cozy little cot Hid in a nest of roses with a fairy garden spot.. .

As a place in which to grow old gracefully amid peace and quiet and beauty . . . or to rear and educate children . . . the home-seeker may travel the world over and find few spots with a charm to compare with these Nature-blessed mid-Pacific Islands of Hawaii.

With no extreme temperatures . .. no snakes, no deadly insects ... no violent storms, vet with frequent refreshing showers that bring out of its rich volcanic soil an evergreen, flower-dotted landscape, Hawaii presents a dreamlike quality.

Hawaii's children play outdoors lightly clad under a mild sun daily the year 'round, in sand and placid waters along its innumerable coral beaches. They grow swiftly and healthfully to a robust maturity far beyond the average.

For their mental development is provided a public and private school system, splendidly housed, staffed and equipped, fully equal to those of

other sections of the United States.

Ever-growing in volume is the number of retired couples who, finding living easier than in mainland America, are making Hawaii their perma- nent residence. If these few details make you wish more information concerning Hawaii as a home-land, the Hawaii Tourist Bureau invites you to write for its illustrated brochure, "Nearby Hawaii," and "Tour- fax" bulletin.

This Bureau, with headquarters at 761 Bishop Street, in Honolulu, is a non-profit organization, maintained by THE PEOPLE OF HAWAII to enable you to obtain accurate information on any subject concerning the entire Territory of Hawaii, U.S.A. MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 Page A-7

Romp or C„e 1A. 1144 (z) i 10At ro lIl 0 40

KONA or KOBE

Regardless of where you plan to go, see us first ... we can save you time and money, procure your transportation over any steamship line, railroad, or air line and furnish much helpful information.

CASTLE AND COOKE TRAVEL BUREAU Merchant Street—Honolulu Branches in Royal Hawaiian and Moana Hotels Agents for All Types of Transportation . . . Air, Rail, Steamship or Bus All Tours and Cruises Telephone 1221 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1936 Page A-8

S.S. MONTEREY * S.S. MARIPOSA * S.S. LURLINE * S.S. MALOLO Serving California, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand

Distinguished craft, designed to provide ideal South Seas cruising, these great white liners offer ample space for gracious and leisurely living. Your voyage will be filled with joy- ous relaxation from the very first minute when you choose a Matson-Oceanic Ship.

MATSON LINE * OCEANIC LINE Castle and Cooke, Limited, Merchant Street, Honolulu, General Agent

estinghouse REFRIGERATORS

OF REFRIGERATOR VALUE

OVERSIZE FROSTER! Welded Sanalloy — for quick POINT freezing, easy cleaning.

BY FOOD-SAVING . . . Moon- stone Ware Triple Food Saver POINT Set. Handy for leftovers. Comparison ROASTS? WATER- MELONS? Plenty of room proves on the new Adjusto-shelf I

TIME-TESTED! A mecha- MORE nism hermetically - sealed - DOLLAR permanently ciled— always! AND 5 YEARS' PROTEC- VALUE TION! On the sealed-in mechanism — for only $5.

Seeing is believing. So we urge you to compare, dollar-for-dollar, how much more value comes with the new Golden Jubilee Westinghouse.

THE HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC CO., LTD. PALACE SQUARE HONOLULU, HAWAII PHONE 3431 For your home . . . When building, renovating or remodeling your home, you will find a splendid selection of materials in our stock. In addition to building supplies, paint, tools, hardware and plumbing fixtures, we have a well-selected stock of interior decorating materials, electric, gas, and oil ranges, stoves and heaters, electric appliances, and garden supplies. LEWERS & COOKE LIMITED Building Material Specialists Since 1852 HONOLULU, HAWAII

Since horseless can-lade' days

Scht man Carriage Co., Ltd.. has served the transportation needs o Hawaii Home of the Arnerican Factors. Linutec - Queen S rimer, Honolulu, Hawaii

Sugar Plantation Agents Wholesale General Merchandise Insurance

American Factors, Limited HONOLULU, HAWAII