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Reducing Social Inequalities in Cancer: Evidence and Priorities for Research Edited by Salvatore Vaccarella, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Rodolfo Saracci, David I

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Reducing Social Inequalities in Cancer: Evidence and Priorities for Research Edited by Salvatore Vaccarella, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Rodolfo Saracci, David I REDUCING SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN CANCER: EVIDENCE AND PRIORITIES FOR RESEARCH EDITED BY SALVATORE VACCARELLA, JOANNIE LORTET-TIEULENT, RODOLFO SARACCI, DAVID I. CONWAY, KURT STRAIF, AND CHRISTOPHER P. WILD IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION NO. 168 REDUCING SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN CANCER: EVIDENCE AND PRIORITIES FOR RESEARCH EDITED BY SALVATORE VACCARELLA, JOANNIE LORTET-TIEULENT, RODOLFO SARACCI, DAVID I. CONWAY, KURT STRAIF, AND CHRISTOPHER P. WILD IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION NO. 168 Published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France ©International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2019 Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. The International Agency for Research on Cancer welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate IARC publications – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution – should be addressed to the IARC Communications Group, at: [email protected]. Cover image: This photo by Johnny Miller from his photo series Unequal Scenes shows the physical divide that separates Bloubosrand, a middle-class suburb northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa, from Kya Sands, an informal settlement consisting of improvised housing made of plywood and corrugated metal. This book is available in electronic format from http://publications.iarc.fr. IARC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Reducing social inequalities in cancer: evidence and priorities for research / edited by S. Vaccarella, J. Lortet-Tieulent, R. Saracci, D.I. Conway, K. Straif, C.P. Wild (IARC Scientific Publications; 168) 1. Neoplasms 2. Socioeconomic Factors 3. Social Determinants of Health 4. Health Status Disparities I. Vaccarella, S. II. Title III. Series ISBN 978-92-832-2222-4 (NLM Classification: W1) ISSN 0300-5085 Table of contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................................... vi Christopher P. Wild Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................................... vii Salvatore Vaccarella Contributors................................................................................................................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................................................xv General considerations Chapter 1. Social inequalities and cancer: the imperative to act .................................................................................1 Christopher P. Wild Chapter 2. Social inequalities, global public health, and cancer .................................................................................7 Michael Marmot Part 1 Evidence of social inequalities in cancer Introduction to Part 1 ........................................................................................................................................................13 Freddie Bray and Ahmedin Jemal Chapter 3. Why social inequalities matter in the cancer continuum .........................................................................15 Diana Sarfati Focus 1. Changing social inequalities in cancer mortality: the value of linking census and health data ............25 Andrea Teng, Tony Blakely, and Diana Sarfati Chapter 4. Measuring socioeconomic status and inequalities ...................................................................................29 David I. Conway, Alex D. McMahon, Denise Brown, and Alastair H. Leyland Focus 2. Incorporating indicators of socioeconomic status or ethnicity in cancer registries ................................41 Esther de Vries and Freddie Bray Chapter 5. Social inequalities in cancer between countries ......................................................................................43 Miranda M. Fidler, Salvatore Vaccarella, and Freddie Bray Focus 3. Cancer survival in countries in transition, with a focus on selected Asian countries.............................53 Rajaraman Swaminathan Focus 4. Social inequality in cancer: perspectives from Africa .................................................................................61 Lynette Denny Chapter 6. Social inequalities in cancer within countries ............................................................................................63 Salvatore Vaccarella, Esther De Vries, Mónica S. Sierra, David I. Conway, and Johan P. Mackenbach Focus 5. Social inequalities and cancer in Indigenous populations ..........................................................................79 Gail Garvey and Joan Cunningham Focus 6. Inequality and cancer: the conflict ecosystem and refugees ....................................................................85 Richard Sullivan, Omar Shamieh, Tezer Kutluk, Adel Daoud, and Adam P. Coutts Focus 7. Social inequalities in cancer burden between Black and White populations in the USA ..........................89 Ahmedin Jemal and Rebecca Siegel Chapter 7. Social inequalities in cancer risk factors and health-care access .........................................................95 Lynette Denny, Ahmedin Jemal, Mary Schubauer-Berigan, Farhad Islami, Nadia Vilahur, Miranda Fidler, Diana Sarfati, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Catherine de Martel, and Salvatore Vaccarella Part 2 Mechanisms and context underlying social inequalities in cancer Introduction to Part 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 109 Nancy Krieger Chapter 8. Theoretical frameworks and cancer inequities ....................................................................................... 111 Nancy Krieger Chapter 9. Recent trends in income inequality ...........................................................................................................121 Joe Hasell, Salvatore Morelli, and Max Roser Chapter 10. The role of health systems in addressing inequalities in access to cancer control ........................137 Filip Meheus, Rifat Atun, and André Ilbawi Chapter 11. The economics and control of tobacco, alcohol, food products, and sugar-sweetened beverages .........151 Evan Blecher and Melanie Bertram Example 1. Tobacco-related cancers and taxation of tobacco in low- and middle-income countries ..............161 Prabhat Jha, Hellen Gelband, Hyacinth Irving, and Sujata Mishra Chapter 12. The role of law in reducing global cancer inequalities ........................................................................ 167 Jonathan Liberman Chapter 13. Life-course approach: from socioeconomic determinants to biological embodiment ...................175 Michelle Kelly-Irving and Paolo Vineis Part 3 Tackling social inequalities in cancer Introduction to Part 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 183 Lynette Denny and Christopher P. Wild Chapter 14. Assessing the impact of a public health intervention to reduce social inequalities in cancer .............. 185 Gwenn Menvielle, Ivana Kulhánová, and Johan P. Mackenbach Chapter 15. Research priorities for social inequalities in cancer in sub-Saharan Africa ................................... 195 Valerie McCormack and Robert Newton Focus 8. Social inequalities in cancer in Asia ........................................................................................................... 205 Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan Chapter 16. Low-cost
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